CN104126343A - Double-ridge area water and soil conservation method - Google Patents
Double-ridge area water and soil conservation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104126343A CN104126343A CN201410333588.2A CN201410333588A CN104126343A CN 104126343 A CN104126343 A CN 104126343A CN 201410333588 A CN201410333588 A CN 201410333588A CN 104126343 A CN104126343 A CN 104126343A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a double-ridge area water and soil conservation method, and relates to the technical field of agricultural production. The invention specifically relates to a slope surface soil erosion control water and soil conservation method. In existing slope farmlands reclaimed along hills in low mountain and hilly areas, soil layers are thin, and soil erosion made farmland water stress severer. Topsoil is stripped, and erosion gullies damage the farmlands. Agricultural machine operation is restricted, such that farmland productivity is reduced, or even it is difficult to continue farming. The invention aims at solving the above problems. The method has the following steps: 1, a double-ridge area specification is determined; 2, ridge area route is set out; 3, double-ridge area spacing is determined; 4, the double-ridge area is built; and 5, double-ridge area plants are planted. The double-ridge area water and soil conservation method provided by the invention is suitable for soil erosion control in low mountain and hilly area slope farmlands with severe soil erosion problems.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of agricultural production technologies, be specifically related to a kind of soil and water conservation method of domatic prevention and control of soil erosion.
Background technology
Water and soil loss is one of major casualty in the world, and its destroyed land resource causes productivity decline and alluvial; Consume limited water resources, form the disasters such as arid, flood, cause the deterioration of the ecological environment, the mankind's survival and development in serious threat, become various countries' question of common concern.That developing country or developed country all exist this problem of water and soil loss to some extent, and the trend of the future development of oriented continuation deterioration.According to FAO's estimation, there is the land area of water and soil loss up to 2,500 ten thousand km in the whole world
2, accounting for 16.7% of the land gross area, soil 26,000,000,000 t every year run off.China's water and soil loss area is 3,560,000 km
2, account for 1/3rd of area.Water and soil loss has become one of main reason causing land deterioration, and valuable table soil resource and social sustainable development in serious threat.
Northeast black earth area is China most important grain producing region and maximum commodity grain base, bears the above urban population grain demand of China 50%.But having there is black earth serious degradation problem, especially water and soil loss in this region, has aggravated soil degradation, damage farmland, grievous injury the sustainable development of black earth agricultural, and threatening commodity grain base status, northeast.Water and soil loss area 27.6 ten thousand km of Northeast black earth area at present
2, account for 26.8% of the soil gross area, mainly occur in the slope opened up wasteland and plough, and water and soil loss is still in development, strength increase, area constantly expands; Cause mollic attenuation; Quantity, the degree of depth and the width of erosion gully all has the trend of increase.Northeast black earth area is classified as and is badly in need of one of three regions administering by country.Therefore, adding and seize more than 60% arable land, slope, the Northeast black earth area water and soil conservation construction of farmland area, promote Black Soil Sloping cultivated-land, is the basic place of guaranteeing the sustainable development of Farmland in Black Soil Area and realizing increases in grain production capacity building.
Control measures is all being inquired into by the each state of our times, and especially China's black earth erosion district adopts cost low and the significant governance approach of effect has become the trend in one period from now on.The improvement of ploughing in slope mainly adopts the engineering measure such as terraced fields, He Gai ridge, field bund vegetational zone, shortens slope surface runoff length of grade, and multiple level ridges, to the gradient, is tackled rainwash layer by layer; Extend runoff walking distance, increase and infiltrate the time, its main target is to reduce soil erosion by reducing rainwash and extending runoff earth's surface flowing time, increase soil moisture, realize the object of water and soil conservation, now form a whole set of effective technology and pattern that is applicable to the arable land water and soil conservation of slope, Northeast black earth area, and included " black soil region water and soil loss integrated control technique standard " that Ministry of Water Resources in 2009 promulgates in (SL446-2009).
Northeast mainly, three rivers tender by pine and the Liaohe River three llanuras and Changbai Mountain, Daxing'an Mountainrange and San great mountain range, the Xiaoxinanlin Mountains forms, plough and mainly concentrate on three llanuras, except black soil region, Man Chuanman hilllock, the song-Nen plain central and north mostly is the arable land, slope below 7 degree, other regions, Plain are ploughed comparatively mild.After founding of New, forest overcut, three large mountain range virgin forests are cut down totally, a large amount of farmlands have been opened up wasteland in Hills And Low Mountains, and most farmlands are to plough in slope, are characterized in that the gradient is in the majority at 5 °～15 °, soil layer is thin, how, at 10cm～30cm, lower floor is weathered granite or gravel, and water and soil loss is even more serious, gully density is large, soil erosion intensity is high, and mountain torrents often occur, and debris flow even appears in some places.The living forest farm of local peasant and lumber's system, these mountain areas, current national has been implemented Natural Forest Protection Project, prohibits and cuts down comprehensively, and Planting Crops has become their main source of income, and soil is planted thinner and thinner on the one hand, and part can not be cultivated; Local resident is difficult to find other existence outlets on the other hand; In addition national food allows of no optimist safely, is difficult to this part arable land to exit also Lin Haicao.Therefore, Hills And Low Mountains agricultural sustainable development road is only outlet, can only implement farmland Water Conservation Ecological Construction, and water and soil resources are carried out agricultural production on the basis of protection.
It is mountain range, master ridge that Muling, Heilongjiang city is positioned at Changbai Mountain, and in region, the many water in mountain is wealthy, and geomorphic feature is " half water half point field, nine mountains ", account for 56% of total population though be located in mountain region farming population, 78.3 ten thousand mu of existing arable areas, 90% for ploughing on slope, and face erosion and rill erosion are one of the most serious region, Northeast black earth area, mountain torrents mostly occur, cause railway to stop transport, road interrupts, and within 1991, mountain torrents occur in municipal government's location octahedral logical town, / 3rd cities are flooded, and train is stopped transport 3 days.There are every year part arable land sandstone exposed and no longer cultivated.Serious water and soil loss has caused the great attention of local government, Water Conservation Ecological Construction is classified No.1 Project as, in practice in more than 20 year, explore a kind of terraced fields substitute technology that is difficult to build because mountain region soil layer is thin, on the basis of combined type vegetational zone, two ridge band conservation technology has been researched and developed in autonomous innovation, water conservation soil conservation and suitably draining are taken into account, effectively control the water and soil loss in farmland, hillside, for the Northeast black earth area Soil Erosion comprehensive regulation provides effective model, this technology can be ploughed and be applicable on slope, China mountain area.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to plough in order to solve the slope of opening up wasteland along massif existing Hills And Low Mountains, because of soil layer thin (<30cm), the gradient is large (more than 5 °), water and soil loss causes arable land water stress to increase the weight of, topsoil stripping, and erosion gully is damaged farmland, restriction agricultural machinery working, cause farmland production power to decline, be even difficult to the problem that continues to cultivate, and a kind of two ridge band soil and water conservation method is provided.
Two ridge band soil and water conservation method, specifically completes according to the following steps:
One, determining of two ridge band specification: it is parallel to build the guarantees of two field bunds, and the section of two field bunds is identical, field bund top width a, the m of unit, field bund bottom width A, the m of unit, field bund height H, the m of unit, the spacing B of two field bunds, the m of unit;
Field bund top width a=0.5m described in step 1; Field bund bottom width A=1.7m described in step 1; Field bund height H=0.6m described in step 1; The spacing B=1m of two field bunds described in step 1;
Two, ridge band unwrapping wire: the highest point at the middle part of ploughing on slope, fall and determine Article 1 line by 1/200～1/300 ratio, large curved making use of momentum, little curved cut-off, interval 30m beats marker peg, and turning is encrypted 10m and is beaten marker peg;
Three, determining of two ridge band spacing: meet the run-off design that storm intensity runoff coefficient was 0.7 in 6 hours for 10 years by defence, meet 6 hours most torrential rain amounts, the domatic gradient in field bund place, field bund height and field bund cross-sectional areas according to local 10 years one and calculate the two ridge of per hectare build strip length, build two ridge strip length with per hectare area divided by per hectare again, draw two ridge band spacing;
1. within 10 years one, meet 6 hours most torrential rain amount H
6calculate and obtain by the historical meteorological data in locality;
2. determining of per hectare run-off, utilizes following formula:
W＝H
6SC
r
In formula:
W-be per hectare run-off,
H
6-be the 6 hours most torrential rain amounts of meeting for 10 years,
10000 square metres of S-hectare areas,
C
r-runoff coefficient, gets 0.7,
3. the calculating of every linear meter flood retention amount, adopts formula:
In formula:
Q-every linear meter flood retention amount, the m of unit
3,
H-field bund height, the m of unit,
S-original ground gradient tangent value, tg α, the domatic gradient α in field bund place, °,
As-field bund cross-sectional area, the specification of the field bund of repairing is: field bund top width a, the m of unit, field bund bottom width A, the m of unit, field bund height H, the m of unit,
4. per hectare is built the strip length calculating of two ridge, adopts formula:
L＝W/Q
In formula:
L-be the two ridge of per hectare build strip length, the m of unit,
Q-be the two ridge band flood retention amounts of every linear meter, the m of unit
3,
W-be per hectare run-off, the m of unit
3,
5. the calculating of two ridge band spacing I, calculate by formula:
I＝S/L
In formula:
I-be two ridge band spacing, the m of unit,
S-be per hectare area 10000m
2,
L-repair two ridge strip length, the m of unit for per hectare;
Four, two ridge band is built: after annual autumn harvest or before sowing spring wholely, first utilize rotovator to revolve flat, build parallel field bund with the spacing B that caterpillar tractor traction checker plow is set two field bunds by step 1 again, with artificial or mechanical stripping Zhu Geng district table soil, be placed on both sides, build the ridge and make real with the immature soil between Shuan Geng both sides and the ridge, till reaching the specification of step 1 setting, be that field bund cross dimensions reaches wide a on single ridge, upper wide A, the design standard of the high H in the ridge, then will show soil restores, between two ridge, building space D is 5～10m, perpendicular to the soil gear of field bund, soil is blocked wide m, the m of unit, the lower wide M of soil gear, the m of unit, the high h of soil gear, the m of unit,
Soil described in step 4 is blocked wide m=0.2m; The lower wide M=0.4m of soil gear described in step 4; Soil described in step 4 keeps off high h=0.3m;
Five, planting of two ridge band plants: spring is the top of two field bunds plantation nursery stock;
Nursery stock described in step 5 is herbaceous plant or shrub plant.
Advantage of the present invention is:
One, the present invention opens up wasteland as behind farmland mainly for low-relief terrain massif, be greater than 5 ° for the gradient, soil thickness is less than the slope of 30cm and ploughs, " the black soil region water and soil loss integrated control technique standard " issued in accordance with Ministry of Water Resources (SL446-2009), ploughing in the slope of 5 °～15 ° to build terraced fields, owing to being weathered granite and large gravel under soil layer, can not build bench terrace, can only repair sloping terrace.Build sloping terrace need be cut the earth and be built the ridge, but because lower floor is weathered granite and large gravel, is difficult to excavate more, even if part can be excavated, a little less than the ability of the terraced fields ridge interception runoff of building with weathered granite, is easily destroyed by rush of water.The water and soil conservation person in Muling, Heilongjiang city was by the practice of more than 20 year, comprehensive field bund and terraced fields technology, this pair of ridge band technology developed in innovation, on more shallow excavation basis, build two ridge and press from both sides a ditch, substitute terraced fields, play good soil and water conservation effect, and application gradually, now implement more than 100,000 mu, and in the application of the Hills And Low Mountains of other counties and cities.
Two, the present invention is rare in water and soil conservation is built organically combines water conservation and draining, in existing arable land, slope conservation technology, change ridge, field bund vegetational zone and terraced fields etc. and be all by reducing gradient that rainwash flows to, with ridge blocking-up runoff and then increase surface water and infiltrate time water conservation, and reduce rainwash flow velocity and carry out less soil erosion.And the farmland gradient of opening up wasteland on upward slope mountain is relatively large, single field bund of build and terraced fields ridge most time can play good water retention, but it is short to meet when strong rainstorms the concentration time, and flow is large, and scouring force is strong, is often thrust, and forms waterline, gets erosion gully.Build two ridge band, can intercept at ordinary times rainwash, in the time meeting strong rainstorms, rainwash covers first ridge on top, enters in the ditch of two ridge interband, flows along the little gradient of ditch, the interval low bank of earth between fields perpendicular to two ridge of being built in ditch stops, reduce flow velocity, cut down scouring force, be slowly discharged in erosion gully, flowing out field face, realize and not corroding or little erosion domatic with this.
Three, the present invention is the new model of conceding the land to forestry, on two ridge band after build, plant water and protect plant, be main mainly with shrub, plough in massif slope after improvement, on the basis of contour cultivation, the rule parallel double ridge band that interval 20～40m builds, is covered by shrub, form a rule trees band, be the farmland that water is protected ecological sustainability plantation in the middle of trees band.The two ridge bands (forest land) in arable land district, massif slope after improvement take up an area 10-20%, and 80-90% is taken up an area in farmland.
Four, the present invention is taking mechanical work as main, is manually auxiliary, operates relatively simply, and construction costs is lower, simple.
Five, conservation technology of the present invention is constantly summed up to innovate and is developed in Muling, Heilongjiang city comprehensive management by water and soil, not only be applicable to low-relief terrain, northeast, also can in other similar mountain area Water Conservation Ecological Constructions of China, apply, it is the new model of China's low-relief terrain high-quality sustainable use farmland construction, national food production capacity is built, have great importance.
The two ridge of the present invention band soil and water conservation method is applicable to the prevention and control of soil erosion of ploughing in the serious slope of Soil Erosion.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the transverse sectional view of embodiment a pair of ridge band, wherein a represents the field bund top width on the Dai Zhongdan ridge, two ridge, A represents the field bund bottom width on the Dai Zhongdan ridge, two ridge, B represents the spacing of two field bunds, H represents the field bund height on the Dai Zhongdan ridge, two ridge, α represents the domatic gradient in field bund place, and O represents former slope ground surface face.
Embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is not limited to following cited embodiment, also comprises any combination between each embodiment.
Embodiment one: in conjunction with Fig. 1, a kind of two ridge of present embodiment band soil and water conservation method, specifically completes according to the following steps:
One, determining of two ridge band specification: it is parallel to build the guarantees of two field bunds, and the section of two field bunds is identical, field bund top width a, the m of unit, field bund bottom width A, the m of unit, field bund height H, the m of unit, the spacing B of two field bunds, the m of unit;
Field bund top width a=0.5m described in step 1; Field bund bottom width A=1.7m described in step 1; Field bund height H=0.6m described in step 1; The spacing B=1m of two field bunds described in step 1;
Two, ridge band unwrapping wire: the highest point at the middle part of ploughing on slope, fall and determine Article 1 line by 1/200～1/300 ratio, large curved making use of momentum, little curved cut-off, interval 30m beats marker peg, and turning is encrypted 10m and is beaten marker peg;
Three, determining of two ridge band spacing: meet the run-off design that storm intensity runoff coefficient was 0.7 in 6 hours for 10 years by defence, meet 6 hours most torrential rain amounts, the domatic gradient in field bund place, field bund height and field bund cross-sectional areas according to local 10 years one and calculate the two ridge of per hectare build strip length, build two ridge strip length with per hectare area divided by per hectare again, draw two ridge band spacing;
1. within 10 years one, meet 6 hours most torrential rain amount H
6calculate and obtain by the historical meteorological data in locality;
2. determining of per hectare run-off, utilizes following formula:
W＝H
6SC
r
In formula:
W-be per hectare run-off,
H
6-be the 6 hours most torrential rain amounts of meeting for 10 years,
10000 square metres of S-hectare areas,
C
r-runoff coefficient, gets 0.7,
3. the calculating of every linear meter flood retention amount, adopts formula:
In formula:
Q-every linear meter flood retention amount, the m of unit
3,
H-field bund height, the m of unit,
S-original ground gradient tangent value, tg α, the domatic gradient α in field bund place, °,
As-field bund cross-sectional area, the specification of the field bund of repairing is: field bund top width a, the m of unit, field bund bottom width A, the m of unit, field bund height H, the m of unit,
4. per hectare is built the strip length calculating of two ridge, adopts formula:
L＝W/Q
In formula:
L-be the two ridge of per hectare build strip length, the m of unit,
Q-be the two ridge band flood retention amounts of every linear meter, the m of unit
3,
W-be per hectare run-off, the m of unit
3,
5. the calculating of two ridge band spacing I, calculate by formula:
I＝S/L
In formula:
I-be two ridge band spacing, the m of unit,
S-be per hectare area 10000m
2,
L-repair two ridge strip length, the m of unit for per hectare;
Four, two ridge band is built: after annual autumn harvest or before sowing spring wholely, first utilize rotovator to revolve flat, build parallel field bund with the spacing B that caterpillar tractor traction checker plow is set two field bunds by step 1 again, with artificial or mechanical stripping Zhu Geng district table soil, be placed on both sides, build the ridge and make real with the immature soil between Shuan Geng both sides and the ridge, till reaching the specification of step 1 setting, be that field bund cross dimensions reaches wide a on single ridge, upper wide A, the design standard of the high H in the ridge, then will show soil restores, between two ridge, building space D is 5～10m, perpendicular to the soil gear of field bund, soil is blocked wide m, the m of unit, the lower wide M of soil gear, the m of unit, the high h of soil gear, the m of unit,
Soil described in step 4 is blocked wide m=0.2m; The lower wide M=0.4m of soil gear described in step 4; Soil described in step 4 keeps off high h=0.3m;
Five, planting of two ridge band plants: spring is the top of two field bunds plantation nursery stock;
Nursery stock described in step 5 is herbaceous plant or shrub plant.
In present embodiment step 2 large curvedly making use of momentum, two ridge band section of little curved cut-off, pay special attention to than falling variation, want artificial or machinery to fill the earthwork at little catchment line or low-lying place and accomplish water elutration beanstalk, bossing will increase excavation, unimpeded to ensure draining; On two ridge band and operation road, erosion gully infall, should suitably strengthen than falling, and make circuit straight, smooth and easy to ensure draining, reduce the pressure that washes away of road surface or check dam.
In present embodiment step 2, ridge band unwrapping wire object is the two ridge of the Article 1 band baseline of determining that two ridge band is built.
In present embodiment step 3, two ridge band spacing is determined, object is to determine the build position of complete domatic pair of ridge band.
In present embodiment step 4, two ridge band is built, and object is to utilize machinery to build the major project of two ridge band, is aided with thereafter and manually completes building of the two ridge bands of standard.
In present embodiment step 5 the object of planting of two ridge band plant be by ridge band plant cultivating on the two ridge band constructing.
In one month after planting in present embodiment step 5, water, First Year manpower weeding.
In present embodiment step 5, in two ridge band Kan Chu and ridge inter-drain, artificial planting alfalfa Gu Geng supports soil, and the herbage harvesting of producing is fed and raised livestock and poultry.
The course of work in present embodiment: plough and implement to change behind ridge along contour in low hillside, within 10 years one, meet the water and soil loss of 6h storm intensity according to defence, build than two ridge band of reducing to 1/200-1/300 at interval, and plantation has good water guarantor effect, higher economic benefit and the plant of resistance to farmland herbicide on the band of two ridge, plough in slope after enforcement, realize contour band plantation, separated by rule shrub zone surrounded by mountains, shorten the domatic length of runoff, greatly extend rainwash road, increase the time of infiltrating, reduced water and soil loss; Storm runoff formation time is short, flow is large meeting, and enters erosion gully or drain ditch by the artificial raceway groove that enters two ridge interband, flows out field face.Along with the prolongation of the time limit, water on the band of two ridge is protected economic plants and is entered the phase of flourishing, the effect of water conservation soil conservation strengthens, economic benefit progressively improves, the artificial raceway groove of two ridge interband is covered by weeds and shrub, plays the effect of plant hedge, can runoff decrease flow velocity, filter silt, also can reduce the outflow of farmland pollution thing.
Embodiment two: present embodiment and embodiment one difference are: the nursery stock described in step 5 is asparagus, Aralia continentalis.Kitagawa, raspberry, short stalk wilsonii, blackcurrant, matrimony vine, large fruit fibert or shrubby flase indigo.Other is identical with embodiment one.
In the time that described nursery stock is short stalk wilsonii, the spacing of planting is 0.5m.
In the time that described nursery stock is blackcurrant, the spacing of planting is 0.5m.
In the time that described nursery stock is large fruit fibert, the spacing of planting is 1.5m.
In the time that described nursery stock is Aralia continentalis.Kitagawa, the spacing of planting is 1.0m.
In the time that described nursery stock is asparagus, the spacing of planting is 0.4m × 0.4m.
In the time that described nursery stock is shrubby flase indigo, the spacing of planting is 0.2m × 0.2m.
In the time that described nursery stock is raspberry, the spacing of planting is 1.0m.
Embodiment three: present embodiment and embodiment one or two differences are: in step 4 after annual autumn harvest or before sowing spring, build parallel field bund with the spacing B that excavator is set two field bunds by step 1 wholely.Other is identical with embodiment one or two.
Adopt following examples to verify beneficial effect of the present invention:
Test one: shown in Fig. 1, two ridge band soil and water conservation method is to complete according to the following steps:
Mountain, Da Zhai, Muling, Heilongjiang city small watershed, implements plot figure spot numbers 29, and plough in slope, 10 ° of mean inclinations, area 26hm
2, length of grade 200m, north slope to, domatic is smooth,
One, determining of two ridge band specification: it is parallel to build the guarantees of two field bunds, and the section of two field bunds is identical, field bund top width a, the m of unit, field bund bottom width A, the m of unit, field bund height H, the m of unit, the spacing B of two field bunds, the m of unit;
Field bund top width a=0.5m described in step 1; Field bund bottom width A=1.7m described in step 1; Field bund height H=0.6m described in step 1; The spacing B=1m of two field bunds described in step 1;
Two, ridge band unwrapping wire: the highest point one end at the middle part of ploughing on slope, fall and determine the two ridge of Article 1 band baseline by 1/200 ratio, large curved making use of momentum, little curved cut-off, interval 30m beats marker peg, and 10m is encrypted at turning;
Three, determining of two ridge band spacing: meet the run-off design that storm intensity runoff coefficient was 0.7 in 6 hours for 10 years by defence, meet 6 hours most torrential rain amounts, the domatic gradient in field bund place, field bund height and field bund cross-sectional areas according to local 10 years one and calculate the two ridge of per hectare build strip length, build two ridge strip length with per hectare area divided by per hectare again, draw two ridge band spacing;
1. within 10 years one, meet 6 hours most torrential rain amount H
6calculate and obtain by the historical meteorological data in locality;
K
p-for rainfall mould is than coefficient, dimensionless,
-be 6 hours most torrential rain amounts of annual, the mm of unit,
2. determining of per hectare run-off, utilizes following formula:
W＝H
6SC
r＝0.062×10000×0.7＝434m
3
In formula:
W-be per hectare run-off,
H
6-be the 6 hours most torrential rain amounts of meeting for 10 years,
10000 square metres of S-hectare areas,
C
r-runoff coefficient, gets 0.7,
3. the calculating of every linear meter flood retention amount, adopts formula:
In formula:
Q-every linear meter flood retention amount, the m of unit
3,
H-field bund height, the m of unit,
S-original ground gradient tangent value, tg α, domatic gradient α=10 °, field bund place, tg10 °=0.178,
As-field bund cross-sectional area, the specification of the field bund of repairing is: field bund top width a, the m of unit, field bund bottom width A, the m of unit, field bund height H, the m of unit,
4. per hectare is built the strip length calculating of two ridge, adopts formula:
L＝W/Q＝434/1.64＝264.6m
In formula:
L-be the two ridge of per hectare build strip length, the m of unit,
Q-be the two ridge band flood retention amounts of every linear meter, the m of unit
3,
W-be per hectare run-off, the m of unit
3,
5. the calculating of two ridge band spacing I, calculate by formula:
I＝S/L＝10000/264.6＝37.8m
In formula:
I-be two ridge band spacing, the m of unit,
S-be per hectare area 10000m
2,
L-repair two ridge strip length, the m of unit for per hectare;
Four, two ridge band is built: after annual autumn harvest or before sowing spring wholely, first utilize rotovator to revolve flat, build parallel field bund with the spacing B that caterpillar tractor traction checker plow is set two field bunds by step 1 again, with artificial or mechanical stripping Zhu Geng district table soil, be placed on both sides, build the ridge and make real with the immature soil between Shuan Geng both sides and the ridge, till reaching the specification of step 1 setting, be that field bund cross dimensions reaches wide a on single ridge, upper wide A, the design standard of the high H in the ridge, then will show soil restores, between two ridge, building space D is 8m, perpendicular to the soil gear of field bund, soil is blocked wide m, the m of unit, the lower wide M of soil gear, the m of unit, the high h of soil gear, the m of unit,
Soil described in step 4 is blocked wide m=0.2m; The lower wide M=0.4m of soil gear described in step 4; Soil described in step 4 keeps off high h=0.3m;
Five, planting of two ridge band plants: the short stalk wilsonii of planting at the top of two field bunds spring, the spacing of planting is 0.5m;
In one month after planting in this test procedure five, water, First Year manpower weeding.
The course of work in this test: mountain, Da Zhai, Muling, Heilongjiang city apogee altitude 523m, minimum point elevation 279m, relative relief is 252m, two ridge band erosion and torrent control works of implementing is positioned at the massif middle and lower part, mountain, Da Zhai on north orientation slope, implementing standard year is 2012, plough and implement to change behind ridge along contour in low hillside, within 10 years one, meet the water and soil loss of 6h storm intensity according to defence, build than two ridge band of reducing to 1/200 at interval, and plantation has good water guarantor effect on the band of two ridge, the short stalk thorn five of higher economic benefit and resistance to farmland herbicide, plough in slope after enforcement, build altogether two ridge band 5124m, take farmland 8.1%, realize contour band plantation, separated by rule interval 37.8m shrub zone surrounded by mountains, slope runoff length shortens to 37.8m by 200m, rainwash road extends to 1200m, increase the time of infiltrating, reduce water and soil loss, within 2013, meet heavy rain and two ridge band is not caused to damage.
In this test, two ridge band conservation technology enforcement standard year is 2012, to in June, 2014, it is high that the short stalk wilsonii of water guarantor economic plants on the band of two ridge has grown to 0.5m, 3 branches, enter the phase of flourishing, the effect of water conservation soil conservation strengthens, economic benefit progressively improves, the artificial raceway groove of two ridge interband is covered by weeds, play the effect of plant hedge, can runoff decrease flow velocity, filter silt, reduce the outflow of farmland pollution thing, effect is still good, reach designing requirement, water conservation soil conservation has reached 95% high standard, complete the construction task in water and soil conservation farmland.
Claims (3)
1. pair ridge band soil and water conservation method, is characterized in that two ridge band soil and water conservation method completes according to the following steps:
One, determining of two ridge band specification: it is parallel to build the guarantees of two field bunds, and the section of two field bunds is identical, field bund top width a, the m of unit, field bund bottom width A, the m of unit, field bund height H, the m of unit, the spacing B of two field bunds, the m of unit;
Field bund top width a=0.5m described in step 1; Field bund bottom width A=1.7m described in step 1; Field bund height H=0.6m described in step 1; The spacing B=1m of two field bunds described in step 1;
Two, ridge band unwrapping wire: the highest point at the middle part of ploughing on slope, fall and determine Article 1 line by 1/200～1/300 ratio, large curved making use of momentum, little curved cut-off, interval 30m beats marker peg, and turning is encrypted 10m and is beaten marker peg;
Three, determining of two ridge band spacing: meet the run-off design that storm intensity runoff coefficient was 0.7 in 6 hours for 10 years by defence, meet 6 hours most torrential rain amounts, the domatic gradient in field bund place, field bund height and field bund cross-sectional areas according to local 10 years one and calculate the two ridge of per hectare build strip length, build two ridge strip length with per hectare area divided by per hectare again, draw two ridge band spacing;
1. within 10 years one, meet 6 hours most torrential rain amount H
6calculate and obtain by the historical meteorological data in locality;
2. determining of per hectare run-off, utilizes following formula:
W＝H
6SC
r
In formula:
W-be per hectare run-off,
H
6-be the 6 hours most torrential rain amounts of meeting for 10 years,
10000 square metres of S-hectare areas,
C
r-runoff coefficient, gets 0.7,
3. the calculating of every linear meter flood retention amount, adopts formula:
In formula:
Q-every linear meter flood retention amount, the m of unit
3/ m,
H-field bund height, the m of unit,
S-original ground gradient tangent value, tg α, the domatic gradient α in field bund place, °,
As-field bund cross-sectional area, the specification of the field bund of repairing is: field bund top width a, the m of unit, field bund bottom width A, the m of unit, field bund height H, the m of unit,
4. per hectare is built the strip length calculating of two ridge, adopts formula:
L＝W/Q
In formula:
L-be the two ridge of per hectare build strip length, the m of unit,
Q-be the two ridge band flood retention amounts of every linear meter, the m of unit
3,
W-be per hectare run-off, the m of unit
3,
5. the calculating of two ridge band spacing I, calculate by formula:
I＝S/L
In formula:
I-be two ridge band spacing, the m of unit,
S-be per hectare area 10000m
2,
L-repair two ridge strip length, the m of unit for per hectare;
Four, two ridge band is built: after annual autumn harvest or before sowing spring wholely, first utilize rotovator to revolve flat, build parallel field bund with the spacing B that caterpillar tractor traction checker plow is set two field bunds by step 1 again, with artificial or mechanical stripping Zhu Geng district table soil, be placed on both sides, build the ridge and make real with the immature soil between Shuan Geng both sides and the ridge, till reaching the specification of step 1 setting, be that field bund cross dimensions reaches wide a on single ridge, upper wide A, the design standard of the high H in the ridge, then will show soil restores, between two ridge, building space D is 5～10m, perpendicular to the soil gear of field bund, soil is blocked wide m, the m of unit, the lower wide M of soil gear, the m of unit, the high h of soil gear, the m of unit,
Soil described in step 4 is blocked wide m=0.2m; The lower wide M=0.4m of soil gear described in step 4; Soil described in step 4 keeps off high h=0.3m;
Five, planting of two ridge band plants: spring is the top of two field bunds plantation nursery stock;
Nursery stock described in step 5 is herbaceous plant or shrub plant.
2. according to claim 1 pair of ridge band soil and water conservation method, is characterized in that the nursery stock described in step 5 is asparagus, Aralia continentalis.Kitagawa, raspberry, short stalk wilsonii, blackcurrant, matrimony vine, large fruit fibert or shrubby flase indigo.
3. according to claim 1 pair of ridge band soil and water conservation method is characterized in that in step 4 after annual autumn harvest or before sowing spring wholely, builds parallel field bund with the spacing B that excavator is set two field bunds by step 1.
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| CN106193066A (en) * | 2016-08-01 | 2016-12-07 | 西北大学 | A kind of Loess landslide administering method based on restoration of the ecosystem |
| CN108142027A (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2018-06-12 | 西北师范大学 | A kind of soil erosion prevention and control life assemblage system and its construction method |
| CN109258275A (en) * | 2018-10-27 | 2019-01-25 | 东北师范大学 | A kind of administering method controlling the scour of Loess Region ditch |
| CN109440570A (en) * | 2018-11-28 | 2019-03-08 | 吉林农业大学 | A kind of construction method and stone dam preventing the erosion of hillside fields farm road |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106193066A (en) * | 2016-08-01 | 2016-12-07 | 西北大学 | A kind of Loess landslide administering method based on restoration of the ecosystem |
| CN106193066B (en) * | 2016-08-01 | 2018-10-30 | 西北大学 | A kind of Loess landslide administering method based on restoration of the ecosystem |
| CN108142027A (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2018-06-12 | 西北师范大学 | A kind of soil erosion prevention and control life assemblage system and its construction method |
| CN109258275A (en) * | 2018-10-27 | 2019-01-25 | 东北师范大学 | A kind of administering method controlling the scour of Loess Region ditch |
| CN109440570A (en) * | 2018-11-28 | 2019-03-08 | 吉林农业大学 | A kind of construction method and stone dam preventing the erosion of hillside fields farm road |
| CN109440570B (en) * | 2018-11-28 | 2024-02-06 | 吉林农业大学 | Construction method for preventing agricultural road erosion on sloping field and stone ridge |
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