CN104122447B - Online estimation method for direct current resistance of power battery of electric vehicle - Google Patents
Online estimation method for direct current resistance of power battery of electric vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN104122447B CN104122447B CN201410299872.2A CN201410299872A CN104122447B CN 104122447 B CN104122447 B CN 104122447B CN 201410299872 A CN201410299872 A CN 201410299872A CN 104122447 B CN104122447 B CN 104122447B
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Abstract
The invention relates to an online estimation method for direct current resistance of a power battery of a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle or a pure electric vehicle. The online estimation method includes that in the process of charging through a vehicle-mounted charger, charging to appointed equally spaced SOC points in sequence in a constant-current charging mode, and then using a constant-voltage charging mode; when the current is reduced to an equalizing current designed by a monomer equalizer, casually opening and closing the equalizer of each monomer in sequence, using the equalizer to generate a composite pulse excitation on each monomer, recording the change curve of the terminal voltage thereof changed along with the time, substituting into a corresponding mathematical model of direct current resistance of the power battery to obtain the direct current resistance and open-circuit voltage of the battery, and calculating the direct current resistance and open-circuit voltage of a power battery pack according to the direct current resistance and open-circuit voltage of the battery. The online estimation method for the direct current resistance of the power battery of the electric vehicle is simple and reliable and has high practicability and performability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of electric automobile power battery group DC impedance estimation on line method, belongs to electric powered motor
Battery power management domain.
Background technology
Electrokinetic cell is electric automobile important component part, during its use, accurate perception electrokinetic cell state ginseng
It is several to improving electric automobile performance and safety, play vital effect.Some state parameters of current driving force battery such as electricity
Lotus state (state of charge, SOC), health status (state of health, SOH) and power rating (state of
Power, SOP) cannot be directly obtained by sensor or other devices, need to contact electrokinetic cell electrical characteristic parameter, use
Certain mathematical method, carries out real-time estimation.
Power battery pack is most important be also be difficult to direct access electrical characteristic parameter be battery pack DC internal resistance and open circuit
Voltage.The method of research on-line prediction power battery pack DC internal resistance is extremely important：1) contribute to setting up accurate
Electrokinetic cell electric characteristic models；2) it is favorably improved the accuracy that battery status is estimated；3) property of electric automobile is contributed to
Can be lifted and safety guarantee.
Current driving force battery pack DC internal resistance is typically all to carry out off-line test acquisition to battery with battery test apparatus,
In the state estimation in later stage, as the process of constant constant.And with the increase of service time of battery, and electric automobile reality
Frequently accelerate in the running of border, slow down, the complicated applying working condition such as start and stop can cause power battery pack DC internal resistance to occur
Certain change, the offline method for obtaining data does not consider the time variation of parameter, corresponding state estimation accuracy also by
Step is reduced.And both at home and abroad so far also without the method for being capable of accurately on-line prediction power battery pack DC internal resistance and open-circuit voltage.
The content of the invention
Present invention aim to overcome that above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art and a kind of electric automobile power battery group direct current is provided
Impedance estimation on line method, the method can realize the purpose of the inner parameter of estimation on line battery pack DC impedance.
Realize that the technical scheme that the object of the invention is adopted is：A kind of electric automobile power battery group DC impedance estimation on line
Method, comprises the following steps：
By Vehicular charger to power battery charging, the constant pressure low current charge at the default points of SOC at equal intervals；
Using the unlatching of the balanced device for distributing to each battery cell, closing motion, the constant current arteries and veins in positive and negative 2 directions is produced
Punching；
The voltage signal of each battery cell is gathered, to variation relation data row curve matching of each monomer voltage to the time,
Obtain the curve being fitted；
Matched curve to obtaining carries out parameter identification, calculates the DC impedance and open-circuit voltage ginseng of each battery cell
Number；
According to the type of attachment of battery, the battery cell parameter to obtaining performs mathematical calculations, so as to draw whole power
Battery pack DC impedance and open-circuit voltage.
The DC impedance data that estimation on line is gone out are updated to BMS (battery management system) controller, are follow-up BMS to electricity
Pond state-of-charge (state of charge, SOC), health status (state of health, SOH) provide the number of online updating
According to.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, the Vehicular charger is charged first with constant current charging mode to electrokinetic cell,
And charge capacity is calculated with ampere-hour integration method；And when electrokinetic cell is charged to the default points of SOC at equal intervals, by charge mode
Make constant pressure low current charge pattern into.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, the balanced device should be produced with positive and negative 2 using two-way buck-boost circuits
The constant-current pulse in direction.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, the buck-boost circuits produce the time of 2 pulse currents and middle equilibrium
The time that device stands should be consistent with the pulse curve of mixed pulses power characteristic test request.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, BMS collecting units gather the voltage of battery cell, and are passed data using CAN network
Deliver to BMS main control units.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, by pulsed discharge and stand after voltage with pulse charge and standing after voltage count
Open-circuit voltage of the mean value as battery at that time.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages：
1st, using Vehicular charger and monomer balanced device, online simulation mixed pulses power characteristic (hybrid pulse
Power characterization, HPPC) test, traditional battery dynamic characteristic test method is different from, the present invention need not
Vehicle mounted dynamic battery is dismantled, battery DC impedance can be estimated in battery charging process.
2nd, the estimation of open-circuit voltage (open circuit voltage, OCV) is using mixed pulses power characteristic
It is quiet after 40s magnitudes of voltage being stood after discharging in (hybrid pulse power characterization, HPPC) test and being charged
The arithmetic mean of instantaneous value of 40s magnitudes of voltage is put as its value, this is different from general tradition and will obtain the battery operated rear standing long period
The method of its open-circuit voltage, with very high engineering operability.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the estimation on line method of electric automobile power battery group DC impedance of the present invention.
The two-way buck-boost circuit topological structures that Fig. 2 takes for balanced device.
Fig. 3 is battery cell curent change curve during balanced device open and close.
Fig. 4 is the time dependent curve of battery cell terminal voltage of balanced device open and close process collection.
Fig. 5 by matched curve to carry out the graph of a relation that the open-circuit voltage that parameter identification goes out changes with SOC.
Fig. 6 by matched curve to carry out the graph of a relation that the time constant that parameter identification goes out changes with SOC.
Fig. 7 by matched curve to carry out the graph of a relation that the polarization capacity that parameter identification goes out changes with SOC.
Fig. 8 by matched curve to carry out the graph of a relation that the ohmic internal resistance that parameter identification goes out changes with SOC.
Fig. 9 by matched curve to carry out the graph of a relation that the polarization resistance that parameter identification goes out changes with SOC.
Figure 10 is the PNGV equivalent-circuit model schematic diagrams taken.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the present invention is described in further detail with specific embodiment.
The lithium-ion-power cell group of the ferric phosphate lithium ion monomer composition that the present embodiment is produced using certain company, purpose
It is to obtain the open-circuit voltage in its single order PNGV equivalent circuits, ohmic internal resistance, the electrical characteristic parameter of polarization impedance, PNGV equivalent electrics
Road modular concept figure is as shown in Figure 10.
As shown in figure 1, the estimation on line method of electric automobile power battery group DC impedance of the present invention is comprised the following steps：
S100, Vehicular charger carry out constant-current charge to electrokinetic cell, the points of SOC at equal intervals (the present embodiment take 5% etc.
Spaced points, for example：5%, 10%, 15%, 100%) place changes constant pressure small current trickle charge into, now magnitude of voltage with
In battery test apparatus off-line calibration each SOC points at equal intervals (5%, 10%, 15%, the 100%) magnitude of voltage at place
It is identical.
S200, the unlatching, the closing motion that utilize the balanced device for distributing to each battery cell, produce the perseverance in positive and negative 2 directions
Stream pulse.
Circuit of battery pack balancing topological structure in the present embodiment is as shown in Fig. 2 loop constitutes allusion quotation by inductance and FET
The two-way buck-boost circuits of type.Stage 1：Switching tube Q1 is opened, energy is stored into inductance L1 by battery B1, closure Q1,
Q2 is opened, the energy transmission in inductance L1 is now stored in adjacent battery B2, constant current size 0.1C, duration is controlled
10s, thus produces by the 0.1C pulse currents of battery B1 to B2.Stage 2：After keeping 40s, because topological structure has been designed to
Symmetrical structure, using identical principle the reverse pulse of 0.1C is produced, and the pulse energy that B2 is reached by B1 is returned into B1.It is whole at this
During individual, Vehicular charger charges with making up by unlatching, closure balanced device with constant voltage mode small current trickle to battery pack
The energy ezpenditure for bringing, therefore can consider that SOC now keeps constant.
S300, record terminal voltage at each SOC points and change over curve, minimum is carried out to data with curve-fitting tool
2 take advantage of fitting, obtain similar mixed pulses power characteristic (hybrid pulse power characterization, HPPC) bent
Line, the curve is as shown in Figure 3.
S400, parameter identification is carried out to the HPPC matched curves for obtaining with below equation, each magnitude of voltage and time point are for example attached
Shown in Fig. 3, accompanying drawing 4, each parameter value of DC impedance at each SOC points is drawn, obtain open-circuit voltage, time constant, polarization capacity, Europe
Nurse internal resistance and polarization resistance are respectively as shown in figures 5-8.
Open-circuit voltage：
Timeconstantτ：
Electric capacity Cb：
In formula, AmpSec is rated capacity, and Uoc is open-circuit voltage.
Ohmic internal resistance：
Polarization resistance：
S500, according to battery cell type of attachment, therefore the total open-circuit voltage of battery pack is：
Total ohmic internal resistance is respectively with polarization resistance：
Always polarization capacity is：
In above formula, t1To start pulsed discharge start time, t2For cut-off time of discharging, t3To stand start time,
t4To stand finish time, t5For pulse charge cut-off time；It is corresponding to take t1Moment final voltage value is U1, after voltage dip
Value be U1', t2 moment magnitude of voltage is U2, t3Moment magnitude of voltage is U3, t4Moment magnitude of voltage is U4, t5Moment magnitude of voltage is U5, fill
Magnitude of voltage is U after electricity stands6。
Finally, the DC impedance that above-mentioned estimation on line goes out is updated to into BMS controllers, is follow-up BMS to battery charge shape
State, health status provide the data of online updating.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of estimation on line method of electric automobile power battery group DC impedance and open-circuit voltage, it is characterised in that include
Following steps：
By Vehicular charger to power battery charging, the constant pressure low current charge at the default points of SOC at equal intervals；
Using the unlatching of the balanced device for distributing to each battery cell, closing motion, the constant-current pulse in positive and negative 2 directions is produced；
The voltage signal of each battery cell is gathered, to variation relation data row curve matching of each monomer voltage to the time, is obtained
Mixed pulses power characteristic；
The curve of the fitting to obtaining carries out parameter identification, calculates the DC impedance and open-circuit voltage parameter of each battery cell；
According to the type of attachment of battery, the battery cell parameter to obtaining performs mathematical calculations, so as to draw whole electrokinetic cell
Group DC impedance and open-circuit voltage, specifically,
BMS estimates the DC impedance and open-circuit voltage of each battery cell using below equation：
Open-circuit voltage：
Timeconstantτ：
Electric capacity Cb：
In formula, AmpSec is rated capacity, and Uoc is open-circuit voltage；
Ohmic internal resistance：
Polarization resistance：
Then, according to battery cell type of attachment, the DC impedance and open-circuit voltage of whole battery pack are drawn by mathematical operation,
Concrete calculating process is as follows：
The total open-circuit voltage of battery pack is：
Total ohmic internal resistance is respectively with polarization resistance：
Always polarization capacity is：
In above formula, t1To start pulsed discharge start time, t2For cut-off time of discharging, t3To stand start time, t4To stand
Finish time, t5For pulse charge cut-off time；It is corresponding to take t1Moment final voltage value is U1, the value after voltage dip is
U1', t2 moment magnitude of voltage is U2, t3Moment magnitude of voltage is U3, t4Moment magnitude of voltage is U4, t5Moment magnitude of voltage is U5, charge and stand
Afterwards magnitude of voltage is U6。
2. the estimation on line method of electric automobile power battery group DC impedance according to claim 1 and open-circuit voltage,
It is characterized in that：The Vehicular charger is charged first with constant current charging mode to electrokinetic cell, and with ampere-hour integration method
Charge capacity is calculated, when electrokinetic cell is charged to the default points of SOC at equal intervals, makes charge mode into constant pressure low current charge
Pattern.
3. the estimation on line method of electric automobile power battery group DC impedance according to claim 1 and open-circuit voltage,
It is characterized in that：The balanced device should produce the constant-current pulse with positive and negative 2 directions using two-way buck-boost circuits.
4. the estimation on line method of electric automobile power battery group DC impedance according to claim 3 and open-circuit voltage,
It is characterized in that：The buck-boost circuits produce the time of 2 pulse currents and the time of middle balanced device standing should
It is consistent with the pulse curve of mixed pulses power characteristic test request.
5. the estimation on line method of electric automobile power battery group DC impedance according to claim 1 and open-circuit voltage,
It is characterized in that：The voltage of battery cell is gathered by BMS collecting units, and BMS master controls are transferred data to using CAN network
Unit.
6. the estimation on line method of electric automobile power battery group DC impedance according to claim 1 and open-circuit voltage,
It is characterized in that：Voltage and pulse charge and the voltage arithmetic average after standing using pulsed discharge and after standing is used as battery
Open-circuit voltage at that time.
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| US9676288B2 (en) * | 2015-03-20 | 2017-06-13 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Battery open-circuit voltage measurement using reverse current pulse |
| CN105259795B (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2018-01-23 | 中山大学 | Internal driving parameter spread method for electrokinetic cell simulator |
| CN106405424B (en) * | 2016-08-19 | 2020-04-03 | 上海绿耳新能源科技有限公司 | Method and device for metering residual electric quantity of lithium ion battery |
| CN106932730B (en) * | 2017-05-04 | 2023-08-15 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Measuring device and measuring method for power characteristics of lithium power battery system |
| CN108008310B (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2020-04-07 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | Method, device and system for detecting internal resistance distribution of battery pack by charging pile |
| KR102156404B1 (en) * | 2018-01-09 | 2020-09-15 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | Apparatus and method for testing performance of battery cell |
| CN110333447A (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2019-10-15 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Battery power status SOP calculation method, device and the electric car of power battery pack |
| CN108459277B (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2020-11-10 | 北京新能源汽车股份有限公司 | Method and device for acquiring electrical connection internal resistance and measuring equipment |
| CN109127473A (en) * | 2018-07-19 | 2019-01-04 | 中航锂电技术研究院有限公司 | Based on the method that standing open-circuit voltage quickly sorts cascade utilization lithium battery whens waiting |
| CN109613438A (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2019-04-12 | 欣旺达电动汽车电池有限公司 | A kind of SOC-OCV relationship evaluation method |
| CN109490790B (en) * | 2019-01-23 | 2021-05-07 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Method and device for testing power characteristics of lithium power battery by adopting compensation pulse method |
| CN110221223A (en) * | 2019-05-08 | 2019-09-10 | 昆山正金软件科技有限公司 | A kind of estimation on line method of lithium ion battery SOH |
| CN111814297A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-10-23 | 北京嘀嘀无限科技发展有限公司 | Electric automobile battery cell monomer direct current internal resistance measuring method, electronic equipment and storage medium |
| CN115036590A (en) * | 2022-03-29 | 2022-09-09 | 东莞新能安科技有限公司 | Secondary battery internal resistance detection method and device and electronic equipment |
| CN116802507A (en) * | 2022-08-15 | 2023-09-22 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Method, system, equipment and storage medium for detecting direct current impedance of battery |
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Effective date of registration: 20171222 Address after: 450000 office building, No. 88, office building, Yu Gong Road, Zhengzhou economic and Technological Development Zone, Henan Patentee after: Zhengzhou deep LAN Power Technology Co., Ltd. Address before: 430070 Hubei Province, Wuhan city Hongshan District Luoshi Road No. 122 Patentee before: Wuhan University of Technology |