CN104122430A - Non-contact minimal direct current detection apparatus - Google Patents
Non-contact minimal direct current detection apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN104122430A CN104122430A CN201310149948.9A CN201310149948A CN104122430A CN 104122430 A CN104122430 A CN 104122430A CN 201310149948 A CN201310149948 A CN 201310149948A CN 104122430 A CN104122430 A CN 104122430A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a non-contact minimal direct current detection apparatus. The current detection apparatus comprises a DC power source, a magnet ring coil, a driving unit, a collecting unit and a control unit. A lead of a to-be-detected current passes through the magnet ring coil. The driving unit is used for driving the DC power source to charge the magnet ring coil both in a positive direction and in a reverse direction. The collecting unit is used for collecting the current of the magnet ring coil respectively during the positive charging and the reverse charging, and for converting collected current signals into voltage signals. The control unit is used for determining whether the magnet ring coil is magnetically saturated based on the voltage signals output from the collecting unit, recording the magnetic saturation time of the positive charging and the reverse charging respectively, and calculating the current value of the to-be-detected current in the lead based on the magnetic saturation time of the positive charging and the reverse charging. According to the technical scheme of the invention, during a measuring process, the non-contact minimal direct current detection apparatus needs not to be contacted with the to-be-detected current and exhibits high sensitivity.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to current detecting field, relate in particular to a kind of contactless small direct current detection device.
Background technology
DC current is generally by shunt, current Hall sensor measurement.Shunt is measured and is realized simply, cost of development is low, measurement range is wide, precision is high, but necessary contact, and, the more difficult realization of design and installation isolation ratio.Current Hall sensor is high pressure resistant, isolation good, but cannot realize, to measure little electric current, susceptibility low.
In electric power operation power supply, communication power supply system, calculate insulation resistance and need to measure electric current, and, accuracy requirement microampere order.In these special occasions, cannot use shunt to measure electric current, and, use current Hall sensor cannot reach precision.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, for above-mentioned contact measurement or the low defect of susceptibility of needing of prior art, provides a kind of contactless small direct current detection device.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: a kind of contactless small direct current detection device of structure, for detection of the electric current in wire, comprising:
Direct supply;
Magnetic ring coil, and the wire of electric current to be detected is through described magnetic ring coil;
Driver element, for according to direct supply described in forward drive signal driver, described magnetic ring coil being carried out to positive charge, drives direct supply to carry out reverse charging to described magnetic ring coil according to reverse drive signals;
Collecting unit, for respectively when the positive charge and when reverse charging, gathers the electric current of described magnetic ring coil, and converts gathered current signal to voltage signal;
Control module, for export forward drive signal in the time of positive charge, in the time of reverse charging, export reverse drive signals, and, in the time of positive charge and when reverse charging, the voltage signal of exporting according to described collecting unit judges whether described magnetic ring coil reaches magnetic saturation respectively, and magnetic saturation time while being recorded in positive charge respectively and when reverse charging, then the current value of electric current to be detected in the magnetic saturation Time Calculation wire during, according to positive charge and when reverse charging.
In contactless small direct current detection device of the present invention,
Described driver element comprises the first switching tube, second switch pipe, the 3rd switching tube and the 4th switching tube, and, the control end of described the first switching tube, the control end of second switch pipe, the control end of the control end of the 3rd switching tube and the 4th switching tube is the first output terminal of connection control unit respectively, the second output terminal, the 3rd output terminal, the 4th output terminal, the first end of the first switching tube and the first end of the 3rd switching tube are connected respectively the positive output end of described direct supply, the second end of second switch pipe is connected respectively described sampling unit with the second end of the 4th switching tube, the second end of the first switching tube and the first end of second switch pipe are connected respectively the first end of described magnetic ring coil, the second end of the 3rd switching tube and the first end of the 4th switching tube are connected respectively the second end of described magnetic ring coil.
In contactless small direct current detection device of the present invention, described sampling unit is sampling resistor, and the first end of described sampling resistor connects respectively the second end of described magnetic ring coil and the first input end of control module, the second end ground connection of described sampling resistor.
In contactless small direct current detection device of the present invention, described control module comprises:
Comparison module, compares for voltage and reference voltage that described collecting unit is exported, and judges whether the voltage that described collecting unit is exported is greater than reference voltage;
Timing module, for when the positive charge, when the result of described comparison module output is for being greater than, starts timing, when positive charge finishes, closes timing, and, magnetic saturation time when timing time is now positive charge; In the time of reverse charging, when the result of described comparison module output is for being greater than, start timing, when reverse charging finishes, close timing, and, magnetic saturation time when timing time is now reverse charging;
Computing module, the impedance factor of magnetic ring coil described in magnetic saturation Time Calculation when according to positive charge and when reverse charging, and according to calculated impedance factor and the Current calculation model and the calibration parameter that build in advance, calculate the current value of electric current to be detected in wire.
In contactless small direct current detection device of the present invention, described computing module calculates the impedance factor of described magnetic ring coil according to formula 1:
RT=AD1/AD2 formula 1
Wherein, the impedance factor that RT is described magnetic ring coil, magnetic saturation time when AD1 is positive charge, magnetic saturation time when AD2 is reverse charging.
In contactless small direct current detection device of the present invention, the Current calculation model building is in advance:
I=K*RT+B，
Wherein, the current value that I is electric current to be detected, K, B are respectively calibration parameter, and K, B are that the corresponding impedance factor of particular value according to two of electric current in wire particular values and each electric current obtains in advance.
In contactless small direct current detection device of the present invention, described contactless small direct current detection device also comprises the Overvoltage protecting unit in parallel with described magnetic ring coil.
In contactless small direct current detection device of the present invention, described Overvoltage protecting unit is voltage dependent resistor (VDR) or transient voltage twin zener dioder.
In contactless small direct current detection device of the present invention, described magnetic ring coil is open loop magnetic ring coil or closed loop magnetic ring coil.
In contactless small direct current detection device of the present invention, described contactless small direct current detection device also comprises:
Output unit, exports to external unit for the current value that described control module is calculated.
Implement technical scheme of the present invention, when electric current in measure traverse line, first, the electric current in wire can produce magnetic field.In the time of positive charge, the magnetic field that magnetic ring coil L produces is identical with the direction in the magnetic field that electric current produces in wire, and the magnetic field of magnetic ring coil L strengthens, and can hinder the electric current that flows through magnetic ring coil L, and therefore to reach the magnetically saturated time elongated for this magnetic ring coil L.On the contrary, in the time of reverse charging, the magnetic direction that electric current produces in magnetic field and wire that magnetic ring coil L produces is contrary, and the field weakening of magnetic ring coil L impels the Current rise that flows through magnetic ring coil L, and therefore this magnetic ring coil L reaches the magnetically saturated time and shortens.And the electric current in wire is larger, when positive charge, reach the magnetically saturated time longer, when reverse charging, reach the magnetically saturated time shorter, magnetic saturation time phase difference when magnetic saturation time when positive charge and reverse charging larger; On the contrary, the electric current in wire is less, magnetic saturation time phase difference when magnetic saturation time when positive charge and reverse charging less.So magnetic saturation time when positive charge and when reverse charging can be reacted the size of electric current in wire, therefore, the current value of electric current to be detected in the magnetic saturation Time Calculation wire can be according to positive charge time and when reverse charging.And the shunt of this current sensing means in compared to existing technology, does not need direct contact measured electric current, design and installation isolation easily to realize; And, the Hall element in compared to existing technology, highly sensitive, can realize the measurement of little electric current.
Brief description of the drawings
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described, in accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is the logical diagram of the contactless small direct current detection device embodiment mono-of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the logical diagram of the contactless small direct current detection device embodiment bis-of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the partial circuit figure of the contactless small direct current detection device embodiment tri-of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the logical diagram of control module embodiment tri-in the contactless small direct current detection device of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the partial circuit figure of the contactless small direct current detection device embodiment tri-of the present invention.
Embodiment
In the logical diagram of the contactless small direct current detection device embodiment mono-of the present invention, this current sensing means comprises magnetic ring coil L, control module 11, direct supply 12, driver element 13 and collecting unit 14, wherein, direct supply 12 can be DC/DC transducer, and magnetic ring coil L can be open loop magnetic ring coil L or closed loop magnetic ring coil L.When electric current in measure traverse line, the wire of electric current to be detected need be through magnetic ring coil L, and control module 11 is exported forward drive signal in the time of positive charge, exports reverse drive signals in the time of reverse charging.Then, driver element 13 carries out positive charge according to forward drive signal driver direct supply 12 to magnetic ring coil L, drives direct supply 12 to carry out reverse charging to magnetic ring coil L according to reverse drive signals.Collecting unit 14, for respectively when the positive charge and when reverse charging, gathers the electric current of magnetic ring coil L, and converts gathered current signal to voltage signal.Control module 11 is for respectively when the positive charge and when reverse charging, the voltage signal of exporting according to collecting unit 14 judges whether magnetic ring coil L reaches magnetic saturation, and magnetic saturation time while being recorded in positive charge respectively and when reverse charging, then the current value of electric current to be detected in the magnetic saturation Time Calculation wire during, according to positive charge and when reverse charging.
Implement technical scheme of the present invention, when electric current in measure traverse line, first, the electric current in wire can produce magnetic field.In the time of positive charge, the magnetic field that magnetic ring coil L produces is identical with the direction in the magnetic field that electric current produces in wire, and the magnetic field of magnetic ring coil L strengthens, and can hinder the electric current that flows through magnetic ring coil L, and therefore to reach the magnetically saturated time elongated for this magnetic ring coil L.On the contrary, in the time of reverse charging, the magnetic direction that electric current produces in magnetic field and wire that magnetic ring coil L produces is contrary, and the field weakening of magnetic ring coil L impels the Current rise that flows through magnetic ring coil L, and therefore this magnetic ring coil L reaches the magnetically saturated time and shortens.And the electric current in wire is larger, when positive charge, reach the magnetically saturated time longer, when reverse charging, reach the magnetically saturated time shorter, magnetic saturation time phase difference when magnetic saturation time when positive charge and reverse charging larger; On the contrary, the electric current in wire is less, magnetic saturation time phase difference when magnetic saturation time when positive charge and reverse charging less.So magnetic saturation time when positive charge and when reverse charging can be reacted the size of electric current in wire, therefore, the current value of electric current to be detected in the magnetic saturation Time Calculation wire can be according to positive charge time and when reverse charging.And the shunt of this current sensing means in compared to existing technology, does not need direct contact measured electric current, design and installation isolation easily to realize; And, the Hall element in compared to existing technology, highly sensitive, can realize the measurement of little electric current.
Fig. 2 is the logical diagram of the contactless small direct current detection device embodiment bis-of the present invention; the current sensing means of this embodiment is compared the embodiment shown in Fig. 1; difference is only: this current sensing means also comprises the Overvoltage protecting unit in parallel with magnetic ring coil L 15, and this Overvoltage protecting unit 15 can be the Overvoltage protecting unit such as voltage dependent resistor (VDR), transient voltage twin zener dioder.In addition, this current sensing means also comprises the output unit 16 being connected with control module 11, for calculating after electric current to be measured at control module 11, export this current value to be measured to external unit, for example, export the current value (leakage current) of this calculating to microcomputer ground connection instrument, for calculating the resistance value of insulation resistance.This output unit 16 can for example, for example, be exported the current value of this calculating by the mode (, electric current loop 4-20mA or voltage analog 0-5V) of digital mode (RS485) or simulation to external unit.
The contactless small direct current detection device of the embodiment of the present invention three is described below in conjunction with Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, first explanation, the wire of electric current to be measured is not shown through magnetic ring coil L().Driver element comprises switching tube U1A, U1B, U1C, U1D.Sampling unit comprises sampling resistor R1 and capacitor C 1, and control module 11 for example can be single-chip microcomputer.In this current sensing means, the control end of switching tube U1A, U1B, U1C, U1D is four output terminals (P2.2, P2.3, P2.4, P2.5) of connection control unit 11 respectively, the first end of switching tube U1A and the first end of switching tube U1C are connected respectively the positive output end (VDD5V) of direct supply, the second end of switching tube U1B is connected respectively the first end of sampling resistor R1 and the input end of control end (P1.5) with the second end of switching tube U1D, the second end ground connection of sampling resistor R1.The second end of switching tube U1A and the first end of switching tube U1B are connected respectively the first end of magnetic ring coil L, and the second end of switching tube U1C and the first end of switching tube U1D are connected respectively the second end of magnetic ring coil L.In addition, capacitor C 1 is in parallel with resistance R 1, and capacitor C 1 plays pressure stabilization function at this, certainly, in other embodiments, can save.
In control module, comparison module 111 compares for voltage and reference voltage that collecting unit is exported, and judges whether the voltage that collecting unit is exported is greater than reference voltage; Timing module 112 is for when the positive charge, and the result of exporting when comparison module 111, for being greater than, starts timing, when positive charge finishes, closes timing, and, magnetic saturation time when timing time is now positive charge; In the time of reverse charging, the result of exporting when comparison module 111, for being greater than, starts timing, when reverse charging finishes, closes timing, and, the magnetic saturation time when time is now reverse charging; The impedance factor of the magnetic saturation Time Calculation magnetic ring coil L of computing module 113 when according to positive charge and when reverse charging, and according to calculated impedance factor and the Current calculation model and the calibration parameter that build in advance, calculate the current value of electric current to be detected in wire.
Preferably, computing module 113 calculates the impedance factor of magnetic ring coil L according to formula 1:
RT=AD1/AD2 formula 1
Wherein, RT is the impedance factor of magnetic ring coil L, magnetic saturation time when AD1 is positive charge, magnetic saturation time when AD2 is reverse charging.
And the Current calculation model that computing module 113 builds is in advance:
I=K*RT+B，
Wherein, the current value that I is electric current to be detected, K, B are respectively calibration parameter, and K, B are that the corresponding impedance factor of particular value according to two of electric current in wire particular values and each electric current obtains in advance.
In output unit, this output unit is RS485 output unit.Resistance R 2 and capacitor C 2 are connected between the transmitting terminal (TX) and the base stage of triode Q1 of control module 11 successively, the emitter of triode Q1 connects the high level (VDD12V) of 12V, the collector of triode Q1 connects the transmitting terminal (TX) of control module 11 successively by resistance R 4, R3, and the tie point ground connection of resistance R 4, R3.The collector of the first end connecting triode Q1 of resistance R 5, another termination RS485 bus of resistance R 5.The receiving end (RX) of control module 11 connects the collector of triode Q2 and the first end of resistance R 6, the high level of the second termination 5V of resistance R 6, the grounded emitter of triode Q2, the base stage of triode Q2 connects RS485 bus by resistance R 8, and resistance R 7 is connected between the base stage and emitter of triode Q2.
The following describes the course of work of this current sensing means: if will carry out positive charge, control module 11 is controlled its first output terminal (P2.2) and the 4th output terminal (P2.5) output high level, simultaneously, control its second output terminal (P2.3) and the 3rd output terminal (P2.4) output low level, now, switching tube U1A, U1D conducting, switching tube U1B, U1C is off status, the electric current of output terminal (VDD5V) output of direct supply flows through switching tube U1A successively, magnetic ring coil L, switching tube U1D, sampling resistor R1 is to ground, the upper magnetic field that produces of magnetic ring coil L, and the magnetic direction producing with the wire of electric current to be measured is identical, the magnetic field of magnetic ring coil L strengthens, can hinder the electric current that flows through magnetic ring coil L, the impedance that is equivalent to magnetic ring coil L becomes large, so, it is elongated that magnetic ring coil L reaches the magnetically saturated time.On the contrary, if carry out reverse charging, control module 11 is controlled its second output terminal (P2.3) and the 3rd output terminal (P2.4) output high level, simultaneously, control its first output terminal (P2.2) and the 4th output terminal (P2.5) output low level, now, switching tube U1B, U1C conducting, switching tube U1A, U1D is off status, the electric current of output terminal (VDD5V) output of direct supply flows through switching tube U1C successively, magnetic ring coil L, switching tube U1B, sampling resistor R1 is to ground, the upper magnetic field that produces of magnetic ring coil L, and the magnetic direction producing with the wire of electric current to be measured is contrary, the field weakening of magnetic ring coil L, impel the Current rise of magnetic ring coil L, the impedance that is equivalent to magnetic ring coil L diminishes, so, magnetic ring coil L reaches the magnetically saturated time and shortens.And the current value of electric current to be measured is larger, when positive charge, reach the magnetically saturated time longer, when reverse charging, reach the magnetically saturated time shorter, when positive charge and when reverse charging, reach magnetically saturated time phase difference larger; On the contrary, the current value of electric current to be measured is less, reaches magnetically saturated time phase difference less when positive charge and when reverse charging.
In the time of positive charge, the electric current of sampling resistor R1 sampling magnetic ring coil L, the input end (P1.5) of control module 11 is caught the voltage on sampling resistor R1 in real time, and this voltage is sent into comparison module 111, comparison module 111 compares this voltage and reference voltage, if judgement is greater than reference voltage, start timing module 112, start timing, until (positive charge finishes, the high level of the first output terminal of control module 11 and the output of the 4th output terminal finishes), the magnetic saturation time when time of 112 timing of timing module is positive charge.Similarly, in the time of reverse charging, the magnetic saturation time when time of 112 timing of timing module is reverse charging.
After magnetic saturation time when magnetic saturation time in the time getting positive charge and reverse charging, first computing module 113 calculates impedance factor according to formula 1:
RT=AD1/AD2 formula 1
Wherein, RT is the impedance factor of magnetic ring coil L, magnetic saturation time when AD1 is positive charge, magnetic saturation time when AD2 is reverse charging.
Then the Current calculation model that, computing module 113 builds according to impedance factor, in advance calculates electric current to be measured:
I=K*RT+B，
Wherein, I is the current value of electric current to be detected, K, B are respectively calibration parameter, and, K, B are that the corresponding impedance factor of particular value according to two of electric current in wire particular values and each electric current obtains in advance, it should be noted that about obtaining of calibration parameter K, B: before this current sensing means dispatches from the factory, need to calibrate the calibration parameter in the Current calculation model of this current sensing means, first, electric current in pilot is certain particular value I1, and this current value I 1 time, obtain now corresponding impedance factor RT1 by said method; Then, by identical method again the electric current in pilot be particular value I2, and this current value I 2 times, obtain now corresponding impedance factor RT2, according to two groups of particular values of electric current I, impedance factor RT, can obtain the corresponding calibration parameter K of this current sensing means, B by separating linear equation in two unknowns.
When calculating after current value to be measured, can export this current value to external unit by RS485 output unit, such way of output has advantages of long transmission distance, anti-interference strong.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, for a person skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment of doing, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a contactless small direct current detection device, for detection of the electric current in wire, is characterized in that, comprising:
Direct supply;
Magnetic ring coil, and the wire of electric current to be detected is through described magnetic ring coil;
Driver element, for according to direct supply described in forward drive signal driver, described magnetic ring coil being carried out to positive charge, drives direct supply to carry out reverse charging to described magnetic ring coil according to reverse drive signals;
Collecting unit, for respectively when the positive charge and when reverse charging, gathers the electric current of described magnetic ring coil, and converts gathered current signal to voltage signal;
Control module, for export forward drive signal in the time of positive charge, in the time of reverse charging, export reverse drive signals, and, in the time of positive charge and when reverse charging, the voltage signal of exporting according to described collecting unit judges whether described magnetic ring coil reaches magnetic saturation respectively, and magnetic saturation time while being recorded in positive charge respectively and when reverse charging, then the current value of electric current to be detected in the magnetic saturation Time Calculation wire during, according to positive charge and when reverse charging.
2. contactless small direct current detection device according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
Described driver element comprises the first switching tube, second switch pipe, the 3rd switching tube and the 4th switching tube, and, the control end of described the first switching tube, the control end of second switch pipe, the control end of the control end of the 3rd switching tube and the 4th switching tube is the first output terminal of connection control unit respectively, the second output terminal, the 3rd output terminal, the 4th output terminal, the first end of the first switching tube and the first end of the 3rd switching tube are connected respectively the positive output end of described direct supply, the second end of second switch pipe is connected respectively described sampling unit with the second end of the 4th switching tube, the second end of the first switching tube and the first end of second switch pipe are connected respectively the first end of described magnetic ring coil, the second end of the 3rd switching tube and the first end of the 4th switching tube are connected respectively the second end of described magnetic ring coil.
3. contactless small direct current detection device according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described sampling unit is sampling resistor, and the first end of described sampling resistor connects respectively the second end of described magnetic ring coil and the first input end of control module, the second end ground connection of described sampling resistor.
4. contactless small direct current detection device according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described control module comprises:
Comparison module, compares for voltage and reference voltage that described collecting unit is exported, and judges whether the voltage that described collecting unit is exported is greater than reference voltage;
Timing module, for when the positive charge, when the result of described comparison module output is for being greater than, starts timing, when positive charge finishes, closes timing, and, magnetic saturation time when timing time is now positive charge; In the time of reverse charging, when the result of described comparison module output is for being greater than, start timing, when reverse charging finishes, close timing, and, magnetic saturation time when timing time is now reverse charging;
Computing module, the impedance factor of magnetic ring coil described in magnetic saturation Time Calculation when according to positive charge and when reverse charging, and according to calculated impedance factor and the Current calculation model and the calibration parameter that build in advance, calculate the current value of electric current to be detected in wire.
5. contactless small direct current detection device according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described computing module calculates the impedance factor of described magnetic ring coil according to formula 1:
RT=AD1/AD2 formula 1
Wherein, the impedance factor that RT is described magnetic ring coil, magnetic saturation time when AD1 is positive charge, magnetic saturation time when AD2 is reverse charging.
6. contactless small direct current detection device according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the Current calculation model building is in advance:
I?=K*RT+B，
Wherein, the current value that I is electric current to be detected, K, B are respectively calibration parameter, and K, B are that the corresponding impedance factor of particular value according to two of electric current in wire particular values and each electric current obtains in advance.
7. contactless small direct current detection device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described contactless small direct current detection device also comprises the Overvoltage protecting unit in parallel with described magnetic ring coil.
8. contactless small direct current detection device according to claim 7, is characterized in that, described Overvoltage protecting unit is voltage dependent resistor (VDR) or transient voltage twin zener dioder.
9. contactless small direct current detection device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described magnetic ring coil is open loop magnetic ring coil or closed loop magnetic ring coil.
10. contactless small direct current detection device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described contactless small direct current detection device also comprises:
Output unit, exports to external unit for the current value that described control module is calculated.
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| CN201310149948.9A CN104122430A (en) | 2013-04-26 | 2013-04-26 | Non-contact minimal direct current detection apparatus |
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| CN201310149948.9A CN104122430A (en) | 2013-04-26 | 2013-04-26 | Non-contact minimal direct current detection apparatus |
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| CN113702696A (en) * | 2021-09-08 | 2021-11-26 | 山东元星电子有限公司 | All-in-one current sensor |
| CN114994389A (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2022-09-02 | 北京中联太信科技有限公司 | Magnetic superconducting micro-direct current detection device and method |
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Application publication date: 20141029 |