CN104119925A - Soil heavy metal repairing agent and application thereof to jointly contaminated soil - Google Patents
Soil heavy metal repairing agent and application thereof to jointly contaminated soil Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an application of a repairing composition used in heavy metal contamination of soil. The composition comprises lentinan and chitosan and can be used for increasing the yields of plants such as peppers and the like on the heavy metal jointly contaminated soil. Besides, the invention also provides a preparation and the like based on the composition.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Pollutant Treatment field and agricultural composition field, particularly, the Selective repair agent that the present invention relates to heavy metal pollution of soil with and the application of associating contaminated soil.
Background technology
In recent years, the heavy metal pollution problem of China's soil shows especially day by day, and ecotope, food safety and HUMAN HEALTH have been formed to serious threat, can not be ignored.Waste gas, waste water, the waste residue of the industrial discharges such as dyestuff, chemical industry, process hides, exploitation of mineral resources, smelting and processing contain a large amount of heavy metals, by pouring water, the modes such as (particularly dirty filling), solid waste (mud, rubbish etc.) accumulation and atmospheric precipitation enter soil, cause heavy metal in soil content to increase, especially the heavy metal of exchangeable species, directly by farm crop absorbed, enrichment, directly threaten HUMAN HEALTH.
At present, by chemical process, carry out rehabilitating soil, mainly based on heavy metal chelant, as chitosan, make the heavy metal of the exchangeable species in soil change the heavy metal of stable state into, reduce the absorbed dose of farm crop to heavy metal, thereby play the effect of administering heavy metal pollution of soil.
For example, Chinese patent 200310108910 discloses the chemical regulator of administering soil pollution, and it is low-molecular weight chitoglycan, but the inventor finds, it has very strong complex ability to metallic zinc, and mainly as eluent, uses while administering soil pollution;
Chinese patent 200910115020 discloses the method for soil remediation, by excavating fluid injection well and constructing reaction wall, chitosan leacheate is injected to soil inner, but inventor's discovery, and this mode quantities is large, uses inconvenience, is difficult to promote;
Chinese patent 201110413145 discloses the method for remediating heavy metal cadmium pollution soil, utilizes the microorganism of heavy metal cadmium in tobacco bred, chitosan solution and the activating soil of resistance to cadmium to carry out acting in conjunction, but its applicable surface is narrow and be difficult to repeat implement;
Chinese patent 201210231422 discloses heavy metal adsorption flocculation agent, and it is the acidic aqueous solution of chitosan and sophorolipid, although finally can soil protection environment, but be for the heavy metal of adsorbed water body in essence.
According to the inventor's the experience that studies for a long period of time and grope to obtain, first find, the heavy metal chelant of existing wide spectrum not only adsorbs the harmful heavy metals such as lead in soil, chromium, cadmium, and can adsorb to fall very useful element on the most non-rich zinc of ZINC IN SOIL Deng China farmland, cause the underproduction, make the heavy metal chelant actual effect of existing wide spectrum very bad; Secondly find, by adding zinc fertilizer, make up, by greatly reducing the efficiency of the harmful heavy metal such as heavy metal chelant Adsorption of Lead, chromium, cadmium of existing wide spectrum, in conventional zinc fertilizer, also contain a certain amount of harmful heavy metal, so excessive use zinc fertilizer does not have realistic meaning in addition; Also find, the major ingredient of the means of using effect, especially eluent that also greatly impact is applied is water, will expend a large amount of manpowers and spray, very inconvenient.Through inventor's painstaking efforts, in conjunction with some fortune that God helps those who help themselves, make us being extremely surprised to find that the composite upper lentinan of chitosan, can optionally adsorb to fall the harmful heavy metals such as chromium in soil, cadmium, especially the harmful heavy metal of exchangeable species, and substantially do not affect the zinc content in soil, and keep the zinc fertilizer power of soil, be particularly useful for planting the farmland use of the plants such as tea tree.
And in the prior art, the composition that comprises chitosan and lentinan is for people's pharmaceutical composition aspect, the mushroom polysaccharide chitosan nanoparticle with antitumor action and immuno-potentiation as disclosed in Chinese patent 200910154959, with the disclosed bioactive polysaccharide self-assembly modified material with anti-microbial activity and cell compatibility of Chinese patent 201010112065, as agricultural composition, do not use in agricultural land soil, and the cost of these prior aries is high, also cannot be as agricultural composition commercial application in agricultural land soil.
Along with the recent inventor constantly obtains new test-results, found unexpectedly again, even for various heavy associating contaminated soil, agricultural composition of the present invention can improve the output of plant, substantially can reach the yield level of corresponding free of contamination soil, especially surprisingly, such effect just can reach without too much using agricultural composition of the present invention, thereby is further saving the cost that makes full use of the limited land resources planting plants of China.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is the soil selectivity heavy metal remediation composition capable that provides new or the application of the preparation that comprises it in improving the output of plant on heavy metal associating contaminated soil.Optionally chromium and/or cadmium pollution in rehabilitating soil of new soil-repairing agent provided by the invention (soil conditioner), the chromium and/or the cadmium that improve the plant of planting are residual, but simultaneously substantially do not reduce the zinc content in soil, do not reduce the useful plant quality of zinc institute energy.In addition, the present invention also provides the application of this soil-repairing agent, comprises soil remediation (conditioning), planting plants and the application that improves the aspects such as plant quality.
Particularly, in first aspect, the invention provides soil selectivity heavy metal remediation composition capable, it comprises lentinan and chitosan.In inventor's research, chance on the composite of lentinan and chitosan, optionally chromium and/or cadmium pollution in rehabilitating soil, the chromium and/or the cadmium that improve the plant of planting are residual, but substantially do not reduce the zinc content in soil simultaneously, are a significant benefit to and apply.In this article, as indicated without contrary, term " reparation " can exchange and use with " conditioning ", refers to the residual quantity that reduces heavy metal in soil, especially reduce the residual quantity of the heavy metal of exchangeable species in soil, thereby reduce the biological effectiveness (availability) of heavy metal.
Because heavy metal exists with stable state and these two kinds of forms of exchangeable species in soil, the former is difficult to discharge by plant utilization, substantially can not cause the residual of heavy metal in plant; And the latter is due to its biological effectiveness, be the arch-criminal of Accumulation of heavy metals in plant, its mobility in addition, so the heavy metal of exchangeable species is the object of repairing.So in this article, the reparation of heavy metal pollution of soil refers to the heavy metal that reduces exchangeable species in soil.In this article, as indicated without contrary, term " heavy metal " and concrete heavy metal, what refer to is all heavy metals of corresponding exchangeable species.For the heavy metal in plant, be all considered to be exchangeable species.
The composition of first aspect present invention can also comprise other and be of value to the renovation agent that heavy metal-polluted soil is repaired, as metallo-chelates such as EDTA, but the effect of the Selective repair of the composition of first aspect present invention is pretty good, for the consideration on cost, can no longer comprise other renovation agents.Therefore preferably, the composition of first aspect present invention is comprised of lentinan and chitosan.
Preferably in the composition of first aspect present invention, lentinan: the weight ratio of chitosan is 5 ~ 100:1 ~ 25, is preferably 10 ~ 60:2 ~ 15, more preferably 15 ~ 40:3 ~ 10, are more preferably 20 ~ 30:5 ~ 8, most preferably are 25:6.5.
Chitosan, comprises the small molecules amount chitosan of degraded and crosslinked macromolecule chitosan etc., has reported for work for the reparation of soil.Existing research is more, and corresponding products production comparative maturity (as described in Chinese patent 01107664), from the chitosan of pharmaceutical grade, the chitosan of food grade, chitosan to technical grade has, so can buy from the market the inexpensive chitosan product that is applicable to the present invention's needs.In the present invention, chitosan is preferably non-pharmaceutical grade chitosan, also nonfood grade chitosan preferably.In the specific embodiment of the present invention, chitosan is the chitosan purchased from the high molecular of Qi Mei bio tech ltd, Chengdu (100kDa), although do not have the heavy metal joint efficiency of the low-molecular weight chitoglycan that now technical popular degraded obtains afterwards high, can be competent at completely with lentinan composite and work in coordination with the residual of exchangeable species heavy metal in reduction soil.
In the present invention, lentinan is non-pharmaceutical grade lentinan, also nonfood grade lentinan preferably.Lentinan, existing research is mainly used in health care, and at present commercially available product is the lentinan (as described in Chinese patent 92109345) of food grade and even pharmaceutical grade substantially, does not have the industrial applicability in field under the present invention on cost.So, in the specific embodiment of the present invention, lentinan is (as sporophore, mycorhiza, stem or their combination by edible mushrooms, preferably edible mushrooms integral body or mycorhiza, stem) through soaking, extract, lentinan that ultrafiltration is held back to be prepared with concentrate drying, that is, the preparation method of this lentinan comprises the steps or is comprised of following steps:
(1) soak edible mushrooms (as sporophore, mycorhiza, stem or its integral body, preferably edible mushrooms integral body or mycorhiza, stem) the extraction of pulverizing, preferably in the water of 70 ~ 95 ℃, soak the edible mushrooms of pulverizing and extract reservation clear liquid;
(2) clear liquid is carried out to ultrafiltration, hold back high molecular weight product, as be not less than the product of 10kDa, be preferably not less than the product of 20kDa, be more preferably not less than the product of 30kDa; With,
(3) concentrate and be dried.
In this article, term " pharmaceutical " refers to and take the medical applications that human or animal is object.Medicinal product and product agricultural or that agricultural chemicals is used are that technical field is distinguished huge variant production completely, and those skilled in the art in the invention can not produce and anyly obscure.In this article, preferably material used (as, chitosan and/or lentinan) foreign matter content higher than the high limit standard of pharmaceutical products or food, and/or homogeneity (purity) is lower than the lower bound standard of pharmaceutical products or food.
In second aspect, the invention provides selectivity soil heavy metal preparation for repairing, the composition that it comprises first aspect present invention and agricultural acceptable auxiliary material.In this article, term " agricultural acceptable auxiliary material " refers to the agricultural complementary material of permission that does not affect agricultural active material performance effect.Agricultural acceptable accessory package is containing pH adjusting agent, weighting agent, solvent, solubility promoter, emulsifying agent, dispersion agent, co-emulsifier, frostproofer, defoamer, thickening material, stablizer and/or binding agent.
Preferably, in the preparation of second aspect present invention, pH adjusting agent is alkaline pH mediator agent, as one or more in sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and salt of wormwood.
In this article, weighting agent can exchange and use with carrier, can be one or more in kaolin, light calcium carbonate, white carbon black, montmorillonite, diatomite, clay, atlapulgite, nakrite, talcum powder, rice husk, corncob cellulose and the peat composed of rotten mosses conventionally.
Preferably the preparation of second aspect present invention comprises pH adjusting agent and/or weighting agent, as comprises salt of wormwood and/or the peat composed of rotten mosses.In the specific embodiment of the present invention, the agricultural acceptable auxiliary material in said preparation is comprised of salt of wormwood and the peat composed of rotten mosses.
Preferably the preparation of second aspect present invention is solid preparation, as pulvis.Inventor's discovery, the preparation of second aspect present invention can be used as solid preparation and spreads fertilizer over the fields, and still can reach the effect that soil selectivity heavy metal is repaired.This is with respect to tank solution preparation of the prior art, can reduce solvent shared spill in a large number, the amount of spraying, for the continuous downward trend of China's rural area working population, advantage is more obvious.
More preferably in the preparation of second aspect present invention, the composition of first aspect present invention: pH adjusting agent: the weight ratio of weighting agent is 5 ~ 100:1 ~ 10:10 ~ 500, be preferably 10 ~ 60:2 ~ 8:25 ~ 100,20 ~ 40:3 ~ 7:45 ~ 80 more preferably, be more preferably 25 ~ 35:4 ~ 6:55 ~ 70, most preferably be 31.5:5:63.5.
In the third aspect, the application of the composition that the invention provides first aspect present invention in rehabilitating soil cadmium and/or pollution of chromium; And/or, the application of the composition that first aspect present invention is provided in the preparation for the preparation of rehabilitating soil cadmium and/or pollution of chromium (preferably said preparation is the preparation of second aspect present invention); And/or, the application of the preparation that second aspect present invention is provided in rehabilitating soil cadmium and/or pollution of chromium.
Preferably, in the application of third aspect present invention, reparation is Selective repair.In this article, term " selectivity " refers to (reducing soil pollution residual) to liking the harmful heavy metals such as cadmium and/or chromium, rather than it has been generally acknowledged that the useful heavy metals such as zinc useful to plant.This is all that non-rich zinc soil is useful especially for the vast farmland of China.Certainly, the composition of first aspect present invention or the preparation of second aspect present invention also have certain effect to rehabilitating soil Lead contamination.
In fourth aspect, the application in the plant of the composition that the invention provides first aspect present invention on planting soil; And/or, the application in the preparation of the composition of first aspect present invention the plant for the preparation of on planting soil (preferably said preparation is the preparation of second aspect present invention) is provided; And/or, the application in the plant of the preparation that second aspect present invention is provided on planting soil.
Preferably in the application of fourth aspect present invention, plant is the plant that plant edible or medicinal part are easy to accumulate cadmium and/or chromium, be the plant of growth and development of plants to cadmium and/or pollution of chromium sensitivity, and/or be the plant that zinc is useful to plant, as paddy rice, tea tree etc.In the specific embodiment of the present invention, plant is tea tree.
Aspect the 5th, the invention provides the application in the plant quality that the composition of first aspect present invention plants on improving soil; And/or the composition that first aspect present invention is provided is in the application for the preparation of improving in the preparation (preferably said preparation is the preparation of second aspect present invention) of the plant quality of planting on soil; And/or, the application in the plant quality that the preparation of second aspect present invention plants on improving soil is provided.
Preferably in the application of fifth aspect present invention, plant quality is the quality of cadmium and/or chromium residues in plant.Certainly, the composition of first aspect present invention or the preparation of second aspect present invention also have certain effect to improving plumbous residual quality in plant.Also preferred in the application of fifth aspect present invention, plant quality is the tea leaf quality of tea tree.In the specific embodiment of the present invention, improve tea leaf quality and refer to and under the prerequisite that does not affect the qualities such as aminoacids content and caffeine content, reduce the residual of cadmium and/or chromium (and/or plumbous).
Preferably, in the application aspect the present invention the 3rd, the 4th and/or the 5th, soil is non-rich zinc soil.Such soil distributes very wide in China, can more embody the advantage that selectivity of the present invention is brought.
Although the present invention is to lead old certain effect still, because remediation efficiency is lower, therefore preferably in the application aspect the present invention the 3rd, the 4th and/or the 5th, unless soil is also the soil of cadmium and/or pollution of chromium simultaneously, otherwise soil is non-lead pollution of soil.
Preferably in the application aspect the present invention the 3rd, the 4th and/or the 5th, application is directly to the application of (as, pulvis) of soil application solid preparation.As described above, for the continuous downward trend of China's rural area working population, advantage is more obvious.
In the inventor's research, find unexpectedly, the composition of the present invention of middle dosage or preparation are even better than high dosage to the reduction effect of cadmium in plant materials and/or chromium residues, although soil remediation presents certain dose-effect proportional relation, but cost is considered in addition, using especially of middle dosage has superiority.Therefore in preferred application aspect the present invention the 3rd, the 4th and/or the 5th, application is 8 ~ 15kg/ mu in lentinan (preferred 9 ~ 14kg/ mu, more preferably 10 ~ 13kg/ mu, is more preferably 10.5 ~ 12kg/ mu, most preferably 11.25kg/ mu) dosage to the application of soil application.In this article, the amount of application that term " in lentinan " refers to composition of the present invention or preparation calculates with the amount of application of lentinan, and not only uses lentinan.
Aspect the 6th, be also the most important aspect of the present invention, the invention provides composition application in the output on heavy metal associating contaminated soil raising plant of first aspect present invention; And/or the composition that first aspect present invention is provided is in the application for the preparation of improving in the preparation (preferably said preparation is the preparation of second aspect present invention) of the output of plant on heavy metal associating contaminated soil; And/or, preparation application in the output on heavy metal associating contaminated soil raising plant of second aspect present invention is provided.
In this article, heavy metal " associating " pollutes the pollution that refers to multiple (two or more) heavy metal.Preferably, in the application of sixth aspect present invention, heavy metal is two or more in cadmium, lead, chromium and arsenic, preferably lead, chromium and arsenic.Inventor's discovery, the various heavy in soil, even if every kind of content is not very high, also can produce coercion to plant, affects plant-growth, causes the plant underproduction.The composition of first aspect present invention and preparation thereof can significantly be alleviated the coercion of heavy metal on plants, can improve the output of plant.
Preferably, in the application of sixth aspect present invention, in soil, the content of cadmium is 0.2 ~ 0.5mg/kg soil, is preferably 0.25 ~ 0.4mg/kg soil, as is 0.32mg/kg soil;
Plumbous content is 10 ~ 50mg/kg soil, is preferably 20 ~ 40mg/kg soil, as is 23mg/kg or 31mg/kg soil;
The content of chromium is 10 ~ 120mg/kg soil, is preferably 20 ~ 100mg/kg soil, as is 28mg/kg soil or 88mg/kg soil; Or,
The content of arsenic is 5 ~ 15mg/kg soil, is preferably 6 ~ 10mg/kg soil, as is 8.0mg/kg soil.
Very surprisingly, inventor's discovery, if only need to improve the output of plant, the composition of first aspect present invention or the amount of application of its preparation needn't be many, like this can be cost-saving.Preferably the application of sixth aspect present invention is 0.03 ~ 0.15g/kg soil in lentinan (preferred 0.05 ~ 0.1 g/kg soil, more preferably 0.06 ~ 0.09 g/kg soil, be more preferably 0.07 ~ 0.08 g/kg soil, most preferably 0.075g/kg soil) dosage to the application of soil application.The mode of using can be by the composition of first aspect present invention or its preparation be mixed into equably soil (as, plant root can be dark and the degree of depth to the soil of soil surface), as directly sneaked into stirring when the potted plant and greenhouse gardening, or when deep ploughing, sneak into when field planting.
Preferably in the application of sixth aspect present invention, output is brought up to the output being substantially equivalent in corresponding heavy metal free associating contaminated soil, as bring up to output in corresponding heavy metal free associating contaminated soil 90% or more than, more preferably 92% or more than, as 93% or more than.For the sake of clarity, corresponding heavy metal free associating contaminated soil refers to combine contaminated soil with heavy metal and compares, except heavy metal contamination, other compositions all soil.
In the application of sixth aspect present invention, plant can be food plant or non-edible plant.Typical non-edible plant is as forest, for the plant of papermaking or industrial abstract or ornamental plant etc.Therefore, preferably, in the application of sixth aspect present invention, plant is capsicum.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is mainly that composition of the present invention or preparation have selective advantage: chromium and/or cadmium in rehabilitating soil (and/or plumbous) pollute, the chromium and/or the cadmium (and/or plumbous) that improve the plant of planting are residual, and have the effect of synergy; Simultaneously substantially do not reduce the zinc content in soil, do not reduce the useful plant quality of zinc institute energy, be conducive to the popularization on the agricultural land soil of the vast non-rich zinc of China.That is, the amount of application that selective advantage on the one hand can potential minimizing zinc fertilizer, has improved the remediation efficiency that soil Cr and/or cadmium (and/or plumbous) are polluted on the other hand, and the requirement of realistic application, is convenient to promote.In addition, beneficial effect of the present invention is also: composition of the present invention or preparation can, with solid preparation form directly to soil application, can alleviate and use required labor force and cost; Composition of the present invention or preparation are preferably used with the amount of application of non-high dosage, can alleviate and use required labor force and cost, also can reduce the cost of product storage and transportation; The preferred composition of the present invention or preparation production cost are low, are more conducive to promote the use of in the wide agricultural land soil of China.For what is more important of the present invention, can, for improving the output of plant on heavy metal associating contaminated soil, for making full use of the limited land resources of China, contribute.
For the ease of understanding, below will to the present invention, be described in detail by specific embodiment.It needs to be noted, these descriptions are only exemplary descriptions, do not form limitation of the scope of the invention.According to the discussion of this specification sheets, many variations of the present invention, change have been all obviously concerning one of ordinary skill in the art.In addition, the open source literature that the present invention quotes is in order more clearly to describe the present invention, and their full text content is all included in and carried out reference herein, just looks like that repeated description is excessively the same in this article for their full text.
Embodiment
By specific embodiment, the present invention is carried out to exemplary description below, if any not using up part, can be with reference to corresponding laboratory manual, equipment and the operation instruction of reagent and the relevant guide standard of the Ministry of Agriculture.
The preparation of embodiment 1 soil-repairing agent of the present invention
The chitosan that soil-repairing agent of the present invention contains (Qi Mei bio tech ltd, Chengdu) and lentinan all can adopt commercially available product, but preferably wherein the lentinan of large usage quantity can be according to following method preparation, make its cost lower, be more suitable for applying.
(1) preparation of lentinan
Get mushroom fruiting body and pulverize, cross 30 mesh sieves, get particle that the powder 200kg(that can sieve can not sieve and return pulverizer and pulverize), add 1000L water to soak 1 hour in 80 ℃, during stir, then filter and retain clear liquid; The residue once soaking adds 1000L water to soak 1 hour in 80 ℃, during stir, then filter and retain clear liquid; The residue that secondary soaks adds 1000L water to soak 1 hour in 80 ℃, during stir, then filter and retain clear liquid.Merge above-mentioned clear liquid, the Hollow Fiber Ultrafiltration system that is 30kDa by molecular weight cut-off (can be purchased from U.S. Millipore company, Biomax-30) ultrafiltration, the part that obtains holding back is concentrated into 1/10th volumes through dual-effect concentrator (can purchased from Shaanxi Chang Tai Industrial Co., Ltd.), then through vacuum drier (can purchased from Shaanxi Chang Tai Industrial Co., Ltd.), be dried to water content and be not more than 10%(w/w), obtain lentinan of the present invention.
(2) preparation of soil-repairing agent
Get lentinan 25kg and chitosan 6.5kg, add salt of wormwood (as pH adjusting agent, can be purchased from Zhengzhou Lan Yu fine product Chemical Co., Ltd.) powder 5kg, after mixing, adding the peat composed of rotten mosses (is peat, as weighting agent, can praise gloomy garden spot purchased from Pixian County) 63.5kg, mix, pack, obtains soil-repairing agent of the present invention (pulvis).
In addition, get chitosan 6.5kg, add potassium carbonate powder 5kg, after mixing, add peat composed of rotten mosses 88.5kg, mix, as positive control 1; Get lentinan 25kg, add potassium carbonate powder 5kg, after mixing, add peat composed of rotten mosses 70kg, mix, as positive control 2; Get potassium carbonate powder 5kg and peat composed of rotten mosses 95kg, mix, as negative control.
The research of embodiment 2 soil-repairing agent of the present invention to heavy metal-polluted soil reparation and plant quality improvement
Entrust Inst. of Soil Fertilizer, Sichuan Academy of Agriculture Science in the tea place of No. 9 kinds of plantation river tea, to carry out field test in Pujiang County, while starting to test, directly in the plot of random packet, spread fertilizer over the fields following soil-repairing agent or contrast, and the covering of digging, all the other are with reference to tea place Routine Management:
A, negative control group: negative control, 90kg/ mu;
B, positive controls 1: positive control 1,90kg/ mu;
C, positive controls 2: positive control 2,90kg/ mu;
D, low dosage experimental group: soil-repairing agent of the present invention, 22.5kg/ mu;
E, middle dosage experiments group: soil-repairing agent of the present invention, 45kg/ mu;
F, high dosage experimental group: soil-repairing agent of the present invention, 90kg/ mu.
After on-test 90 days, get and respectively organize soil and carry out metal element analyse; After on-test 150 days (being the tea picking phase), pluck tealeaves and carry out heavy metal element and quality parameter analysis.
Heavy metal-polluted soil analytical results is as shown in table 1:
Table 1 is tea garden soil Analysis of Heavy Metal result table on the same group not
Result shows, chitosan can non-selectively reduce the content of the heavy metal of exchangeable species in soil separately, with heavy dose, uses, and to lead, cadmium, chromium and zinc, can both reduce approximately 10% left and right; Lentinan does not have rule to the reduction effect of heavy metal in soil separately, does not substantially affect the content of plumbous and zinc, but can reduce the content of chromium and cadmium.Unexpectedly, the composition of chitosan and lentinan, can optionally significantly reduce the content of chromium and cadmium, and the reduction effect of middle dosage is even better than the summation that heavy dose of chitosan and lentinan are used separately, and it is collaborative that to reduce effect obvious; And said composition does not affect the zinc content in soil substantially, and zinc is highly profitable to tea tree.So although said composition has also weakened the plumbous adsorptive power to exchangeable species in soil in the lump, it is to non-Lead contamination but the advantage of the soil of chromium and/or cadmium pollution is fairly obvious.
In tealeaves, the analytical results of heavy metal and quality parameter is as shown in table 2:
Table 2 is the heavy metal of tealeaves and the analytical results table of quality parameter on the same group not
Result shows, chitosan can non-selectively reduce the residual quantity of the harmful heavy metal in tealeaves separately, with heavy dose, uses, and to plumbous, cadmium and chromium, can both reduce approximately 10% left and right; Lentinan does not have rule to the reduction effect of harmful heavy metal in tealeaves separately, and it does not affect plumbous content substantially, but can reduce the residual quantity of chromium and cadmium.Unexpectedly, the composition of chitosan and lentinan, can optionally significantly reduce the residual quantity of chromium and cadmium, there is the collaborative effect that reduces, more surprisingly, the reduction effect of middle dosage is even better than the effect that heavy dose is used, and this awaits further research; And said composition, owing to substantially not affecting the content to the useful zinc of tea tree in soil, does not therefore reduce other quality parameter of tealeaves substantially, even part has slight rising; And use separately chitosan, owing to having reduced the zinc of the exchangeable species in soil, cause the amino acid of tealeaves and trimethyl-xanthine etc. be subject to other quality parameter that zinc affects decline 10% left and right even more than.So, said composition has very significantly effect to chromium and/or cadmium residual quantity in reduction plant, to reducing lead content, also there is certain effect, and more rare be, this is to realize under the condition that does not reduce even the increased quality parameter such as Amino Acids in Tea and trimethyl-xanthine, is very beneficial for application; In addition, the effect that middle dosage is used is in general obvious, especially high dosage can increase after using in tealeaves on the contrary every the residual index with chromium, in conjunction with cost consideration, therefore composition of the present invention is preferably used tea place with 45kg/ mu (chitosan 2.925kg/ mu+lentinan 11.25kg/ mu).
Embodiment 3 soil-repairing agent of the present invention is to the research of planting capsicum in plumbous chromium arsenic contaminated soil
Entrust Inst. of Soil Fertilizer, Sichuan Academy of Agriculture Science to carry out indoor pot experiment, plantation two twigs of the chaste tree capsicums (purchased from Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences).Test soil is taken from recovery township, Pujiang County, Sichuan Province, wherein As content is 8.0mg/kg after testing, Cr content is 87.6mg/kg, the content of Pb is 31.0mg/kg, for being subject to plumbous chromium arsenic associating contaminated soil, the per mu yield of local planting plants is not all than the adjoining area low 15 ~ 50% that not polluted by factories and miness etc.; Get in addition good pollution-free soil, wherein As content is 0.11mg/kg, and Cr content is 5.6mg/kg, and the content of Pb is 1.5mg/kg.While starting to test, directly in the basin of random packet, following soil-repairing agent or contrast are admixed in corresponding soils, then transplanted the Hot Pepper Seedling that has just occurred 3-4 leaf, all the other water and fertilizer management unifications are carried out:
CK: pollution-free control group: use pollution-free soil, do not admix soil-repairing agent of the present invention
A, pollutes control group: use plumbous chromium arsenic associating contaminated soil, do not admix soil-repairing agent of the present invention;
B, low dosage experimental group: use plumbous chromium arsenic associating contaminated soil, admix soil-repairing agent 0.15g/kg soil of the present invention;
C, middle dosage experiments group: use plumbous chromium arsenic associating contaminated soil, admix soil-repairing agent 0.3g/kg soil of the present invention;
D, high dosage experimental group: use plumbous chromium arsenic associating contaminated soil, admix soil-repairing agent 0.45g/kg soil of the present invention.
After capsicum results, pluck and weigh.The analytical results of the production index of capsicum is as shown in table 3:
Table 3 is the analytical results table of the production index of capsicum on the same group not
Result shows, even for plumbous chromium arsenic associating contaminated soil, the composition of chitosan of the present invention and lentinan also can significantly increase the output of capsicum, when it is used with middle high dosage, substantially can reach the yield level of free of contamination good soil, especially unexpectedly, in heavy metal associating contaminated soil, improve said composition consumption and reach certain level (0.3g/kg soil, be chitosan 0.0195g/kg+lentinan 0.075g/kg) after, yield-increasing efficiency passivation, therefore can use with not high dosage.Preferably with this level, use, in volume increase, reduce and use cost, this is useful especially.
Claims (10)
1. soil selectivity heavy metal remediation composition capable or the preparation that comprises it application in improving the output of plant on heavy metal associating contaminated soil, wherein, described composition comprises lentinan and chitosan, preferably it is comprised of lentinan and chitosan.
2. application claimed in claim 1, wherein lentinan: the weight ratio of chitosan is 5 ~ 100:1 ~ 25, is preferably 10 ~ 60:2 ~ 15, and more preferably 15 ~ 40:3 ~ 10, are more preferably 20 ~ 30:5 ~ 8, most preferably are 25:6.5.
3. the application described in claim 1 or 2, wherein lentinan is non-pharmaceutical grade lentinan, also nonfood grade lentinan preferably, is more preferably the lentinan by edible mushrooms is extracted through soaking, ultrafiltration is held back to be prepared with concentrate drying.
4. application claimed in claim 1, wherein preparation comprises described soil selectivity heavy metal remediation composition capable and agricultural acceptable auxiliary material;
Preferably wherein, agricultural acceptable accessory package is containing pH adjusting agent, weighting agent, solvent, solubility promoter, emulsifying agent, dispersion agent, co-emulsifier, frostproofer, defoamer, thickening material, stablizer and/or binding agent, preferably comprise pH adjusting agent and/or weighting agent, as comprise salt of wormwood and/or the peat composed of rotten mosses;
Also preferably said preparation is solid preparation, as pulvis.
5. application claimed in claim 4, wherein said soil selectivity heavy metal remediation composition capable: pH adjusting agent: the weight ratio of weighting agent is 5 ~ 100:1 ~ 10:10 ~ 500, be preferably 10 ~ 60:2 ~ 8:25 ~ 100,20 ~ 40:3 ~ 7:45 ~ 80 more preferably, be more preferably 25 ~ 35:4 ~ 6:55 ~ 70, most preferably be 31.5:5:63.5.
6. application claimed in claim 1, wherein heavy metal is two or more in cadmium, lead, chromium and arsenic, preferably lead, chromium and arsenic.
7. application claimed in claim 6, wherein, in soil, the content of cadmium is 0.2 ~ 0.5mg/kg, is preferably 0.25 ~ 0.4mg/kg, as is 0.32mg/kg; Plumbous content is 10 ~ 50mg/kg, is preferably 20 ~ 40mg/kg, as is 23mg/kg or 31mg/kg; The content of chromium is 10 ~ 120mg/kg, is preferably 20 ~ 100mg/kg, as is 28mg/kg or 88mg/kg; Or the content of arsenic is 5 ~ 15mg/kg, is preferably 6 ~ 10mg/kg, as be 8.0mg/kg.
8. application claimed in claim 1, wherein application is in preferred 0.05 ~ 0.1 g/kg of 0.03 ~ 0.15g/kg(of lentinan, more preferably 0.06 ~ 0.09 g/kg, is more preferably 0.07 ~ 0.08 g/kg, most preferably 0.075g/kg) dosage to the application of soil application.
9. application claimed in claim 1, wherein output is brought up to the output being substantially equivalent in corresponding heavy metal free associating contaminated soil.
10. application claimed in claim 1, wherein plant is capsicum.
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| CN201310515046.2A Active CN104119922B (en) | 2013-04-25 | 2013-10-28 | Phosphatic Cadmium Pollution in Soils renovation agent and its application |
| CN201310668985.0A Active CN104117533B (en) | 2013-04-25 | 2013-12-11 | Containing selenium Agrotechnical formulation and the use in conjunction of heavy metal-polluted soil renovation agent |
| CN201310677304.7A Pending CN104119924A (en) | 2013-04-25 | 2013-12-13 | Soil heavy metal repairing agent and application thereof to highly contaminated soil |
| CN201310677949.0A Active CN104117534B (en) | 2013-04-25 | 2013-12-13 | Zinc selenium Agrotechnical formulation and the use in conjunction of heavy metal-polluted soil renovation agent |
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| CN201310668985.0A Active CN104117533B (en) | 2013-04-25 | 2013-12-11 | Containing selenium Agrotechnical formulation and the use in conjunction of heavy metal-polluted soil renovation agent |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN104119923B (en) | 2016-12-28 |
| CN104117533B (en) | 2016-08-17 |
| CN104119923A (en) | 2014-10-29 |
| CN104119924A (en) | 2014-10-29 |
| CN104117534A (en) | 2014-10-29 |
| CN104119922B (en) | 2017-09-29 |
| CN104117533A (en) | 2014-10-29 |
| CN104119922A (en) | 2014-10-29 |
| CN104117534B (en) | 2016-08-17 |
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