CN104115733B - A kind of sylvan life stereo cultivation method of dendrobium candidum - Google Patents
A kind of sylvan life stereo cultivation method of dendrobium candidum Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention utilize forest set body, tree section, tree block and stub grow nonparasitically upon another plant plantation and sylvan life matrix plantation dendrobium candidum this three-dimensional planting mode, there is following advantage: the present invention plants on original forest resourceies, do not take independently land resources, thus save space; Present invention utilizes completely naturally growth conditions, save a large amount of manpower and materials, thus save planting cost; Present invention utilizes natural ecotope, do not need to use the generation that chemical fertilizer and agricultural chemicals also effectively can reduce damage by disease and insect; The product utilizing implantation methods of the present invention to obtain is natural pollution-free and quality is higher; Implantation methods of the present invention takes full advantage of sylvan life land resources, the use of tree section, stub, tree block etc. makes the dendrobium candidum of plantation have mobility, greatly can increase space availability ratio, be conducive to the large-area woodland land resources of Appropriate application, and can be applicable to the forestry orchard of other inapplicable imitating wild plantings, there is wide popularizing application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of plant growing technology, particularly relate to the sylvan life stereo cultivation method of dendrobium candidum.
Background technology
Dendrobium candidum (DendrobiumcatenatumLind1.) is the orchid family Dendrobium (Dendrobium) plant, being distributed widely in the provinces such as China Anhui, Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Sichuan, Hubei, Henan, is the endangered species of the evolution of a kind of height and specialization.
Dendrobium candidum is famous and preciously treasure traditional Chinese medicine, in Taoist school's ancient books and records " Taoist Scriptures " before more than 1,000 years, is listed in first of " nine immortals grass ".Dendrobium candidum contains the chemical compositions such as polysaccharide, alkaloid, luxuriant and rich with fragrance class, bibenzyl, glucosides class, amino acid, the stem fresh or dry with it is used as medicine, have nourishing Yin and clearing heat, promote the production of body fluid to quench thirst, develop immunitypty, elimination tumour, suppress the effect such as cancer, acoustic resistive band fatigue, anti-angiogenic sclerosis, reduction blood sugar, anti-ageing, removing toxic substances, especially have special efficacy to the rehabilitation after tumor radiotherapy or chemotherapy.
Along with the health care of dendrobium candidum and medical value are extensively approved, its market demand is also in continuous growth, and the large-scale breeding of dendrobium candidum is gradually in south China area expansion scale.How to realize the extensive Fast-propagation of dendrobium candidum to meet the need of market, and ensure the quality of product simultaneously, become the direction that researcher is exploring always.
, still there are some shortcomings in the booth matrix planting method of the dendrobium candidum of existing comparative maturity: that the investment cost of related facility is high, damage by disease and insect is serious, plantlet in vitro is degenerated is serious, need large-area plantation land used, the product that obtains easily contaminated, quality is low and planting cost is very high.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides and a kind ofly reduce damage by disease and insect, save planting cost, greatly increase space availability ratio and a kind of sylvan life stereo cultivation method of dendrobium candidum of pollution-free, high-quality dendrobium candidum product can be obtained.
The invention provides a kind of sylvan life ecological cultivation method of dendrobium candidum, comprise the following steps:
(1) weather and environment is planted
Select the mountain region with forest microclimate, height above sea level less than 600 meters, with fresh air, temperature is 10 DEG C ~ 35 DEG C, and relative moisture is 70% ~ 80%;
(2) selection of planting seedlings is planted
Seedlings of Dendrobium officinale is adopted existing tissue culture propagating hardening 7 ~ 8 months, select and without damage by disease and insect the seedling body of seedling body stalwartness, well developed root system, stem look dark green to plant seedlings as kind;
(3) plant
Before plantation, leafiness for forest branch part being pruned, then adopting grow nonparasitically upon another plant plantation or sylvan life matrix of tree body, tree section, tree block and stub to plant planting to plant seedlings at the above-mentioned sunny slope with the mountain region of forest microclimate;
(4) cultivation management after plantation
Simple atomizing watering apparatus is established at woodland, plant and within latter about 3 days, carry out spraying and water, spray weekly afterwards 2 ~ 3 times, depending on the Humid Status of dendrobium candidum root, watering time is at point in the morning 9 ~ 10, and to be pH be the water sprayed 5.5 ~ 6.5 in faintly acid and free of contamination well water; Note the management of woodland branches and leaves at ordinary times, weeds and fallen leaves in cleaning woods; Do not apply any fertilizer or spray insecticide.
Described step (3) plantation adopts dendrobium candidum tree body to grow nonparasitically upon another plant plantation, and described dendrobium candidum tree body is grown nonparasitically upon another plant and planted concrete mode and be:
To grow nonparasitically upon another plant tree body: select that bark is thicker, moisture is more and the forest of racemosus wooden fork as tree body of growing nonparasitically upon another plant;
Initial stage dendrobium candidum fixture: select water binding capacity to grow well the not strong moistening sphagna of water consumption, palm bark and cotton cord as initial stage dendrobium candidum fixture;
Disinfecting before plantation: the tree body of growing nonparasitically upon another plant of plantation dendrobium candidum 3 ~ 4 days is that the aqueous solution of the potassium permanganate of 0.1% scrubs sterilization with mass percent before plantation; As the initial stage, the sphagna of dendrobium candidum fixture is sterilized through high-temperature sterilization;
Plantation: dendrobium candidum adopts clump hydroponics, 3 ~ 5 strains are one clump, every clump is wrapped up with the sphagna after sterilization, Jacket thickness is 2 ~ 3 centimetres, parcel back root part can be unfolded naturally as the best, sphagna skin thickness is the palm bark wrapped strengthening of 1 ~ 2 millimeter, is finally fixed to cotton cord tree surface of growing nonparasitically upon another plant; Take helical form to plant, spacing in the rows is 10 ~ 20cm; Crotch or the coarse place of surface fracture are selected in plantation position, select to plant with lower portion to ground level 3 meters at trunk.
Described step (3) plantation adopts dendrobium candidum tree section, tree block and stub to grow nonparasitically upon another plant plantation, and described dendrobium candidum tree section, tree block and the stub concrete mode of planting of growing nonparasitically upon another plant is:
Tree section, tree block and stub are grown nonparasitically upon another plant carrier: to select in woods diameter after daily pruning to be that the limb of the tree of 10 ~ 20 centimetres is as raw material, be sawn into the tree section of 30 ~ 40 long centimetres, or be directly sawn into according to its racemosus wooden fork shape the stub that length is 30 ~ 40 centimetres, or thickness is the tree block of 4 ~ 6 centimetres;
Initial stage dendrobium candidum fixture: select water binding capacity to grow well the not strong moistening sphagna of water consumption, palm bark and the cotton cord fixture as the initial stage;
Disinfecting before plantation: the attached main tree section of plantation dendrobium candidum, tree block and stub 3 ~ 4 days are that the aqueous solution of the potassium permanganate of 0.1% scrubs sterilization with mass percent before plantation; As the initial stage, the sphagna of dendrobium candidum fixture is sterilized through high-temperature sterilization;
Plantation: dendrobium candidum adopts clump hydroponics, 3 ~ 5 strains are one clump, with the sphagna parcel after sterilization, Jacket thickness is 2 ~ 3 centimetres, parcel back root part can be unfolded naturally as the best, sphagna skin thickness is the palm bark wrapped strengthening of 1 ~ 2 millimeter, finally be fixed to tree section, tree block and stub with cotton cord to grow nonparasitically upon another plant carrier surface, separately get an iron wire, its one end is fixed on plant dendrobium candidum tree section, tree block and stub on, the other end is twisted into and is hook-shapedly suspended from the places such as the branch of trees or is suspended from the bamboo bar of crossbearer in woods; Planting density is unsuitable too low, and tree section takes helical form to plant, and every clump of relative distance is 15cm; Crotch or the damaged coarse place of bark should be selected in field planting position; Tree section after plantation dendrobium candidum, tree block and stub are placed in and are easy to hang and illumination is ventilated under suitable tree and on branch.
Dendrobium candidum kind is planted seedlings when above-mentioned plantation more than 6 months, removes fixture cotton cord and the palm bark on surface, only stays sphagna integument.
Described step (3) plantation adopts the plantation of dendrobium candidum sylvan life matrix, and described dendrobium candidum sylvan life matrix is planted concrete mode and is:
Seedbed is built: utilize sylvan life to leave unused vacant lot, according to physical features, build the simple and easy seedbed framework of long 4 ~ 12m, wide 1.0 ~ 1.5m with bamboo, wood or angle bar, the degree of depth in seedbed is 15 ~ 25cm, and the bottom in seedbed is equipped with aperture at the common sunshade net of below 5mm or glue grid; Common sunshade net or glue grid distance are overhead 0.2 ~ 0.8 meter;
Matrix is arranged in pairs or groups: using the become thoroughly decomposed material or directly select commercially available broken pine bark as the main component of cultivation matrix of natural branch, bark or the leaf after daily pruning through pulverizing, more than spontaneous fermentation March, with broken common brick or blinding as auxiliary material, the main component by cultivation matrix: the weight ratio of auxiliary material=3:2 evenly prepares bed planting matrix;
On sunshade net matrix being evenly laid in seedbed or glue grid, the thick 10-16cm of matrix
Disinfecting before plantation: before planting 3 ~ 4 days, seedbed are the aqueous solution spray disinfectant of the potassium permanganate of 0.1% with mass percent, are sprayed to and soak into matrix.
Plantation: dendrobium candidum adopts clump hydroponics, and 3 ~ 5 strains are one clump, remove former matrix before plantation, planting density is unsuitable too low, plants by the seeding row spacing of 10 × 10cm; Dig a dark vesicle for 2-4cm by spacing in the rows during plantation, Cong Miao is grabbed and puts into cave together, cover matrix, gently press.
Plantation weather and the environment of described step (1) are: the hilly and mountainous land with forest microclimate, height above sea level 230 meters, monthly mean temperature is 11.5 DEG C ~ 32.2 DEG C, high temperature season be generally May ~ September, maximum temperature can reach 38.7 DEG C, year, relative moisture was 70% ~ 80%, and annual rainfall is 912.5 millimeters ~ 2747 millimeters, and sylvan life light transmittance is 25% ~ 35%.
The present invention utilize forest set body, tree section, tree block and stub grow nonparasitically upon another plant plantation and sylvan life matrix plantation dendrobium candidum this three-dimensional planting mode, there is following advantage:
(1) the present invention plants on original forest resourceies, does not take independently land resources, thus has saved space.
(2) present invention utilizes completely naturally growth conditions, save a large amount of manpower and materials, thus save planting cost.
(3) present invention utilizes natural ecotope, do not need to use the generation that chemical fertilizer and agricultural chemicals also effectively can reduce damage by disease and insect.
(4) product utilizing implantation methods of the present invention to obtain is natural pollution-free and quality is higher.
(5) implantation methods of the present invention takes full advantage of sylvan life land resources, the use of tree section, stub, tree block etc. makes the dendrobium candidum of plantation have mobility, greatly can increase space availability ratio, be conducive to the large-area woodland land resources of Appropriate application, and can be applicable to the forestry orchard of other inapplicable imitating wild plantings, there is wide popularizing application prospect, also there is great ornamental value simultaneously.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the tree body plantation of the dendrobium candidum of the embodiment of the present invention 1.
When Fig. 2 is the tree body plantation of the dendrobium candidum of the embodiment of the present invention 1, its root is attached at bark surface.
Fig. 3 is the tree section plantation of the dendrobium candidum of the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Fig. 4 is the stub plantation of the dendrobium candidum of the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Sprouting when Fig. 5 is the tree section plantation of the dendrobium candidum of the embodiment of the present invention 2 sprouts.
Fig. 6 is that the dendrobium candidum of the embodiment of the present invention 3 uses the sylvan life matrix of seedbed A to plant.
Fig. 7 is that the dendrobium candidum of the embodiment of the present invention 3 uses the sylvan life matrix of seedbed B or seedbed C to plant.
Sprouting when Fig. 8 is the dendrobium candidum sylvan life matrix plantation of the embodiment of the present invention 3 sprouts.
Embodiment
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
1. kind to plant the screening of weather and environment
(1) weather conditions
Select the mountain region with forest microclimate, height above sea level less than 600 meters, with fresh air, temperature is 10 DEG C ~ 35 DEG C, and relative moisture is 70% ~ 80%.
(2) choice and optimization of planting environment
Woodland, not use chemical fertilizer or agricultural chemicals is advisable, ensures the self-sow environment that dendrobium candidum is excellent; Before plantation, leafiness for forest branch part is pruned, ensure that dendrobium candidum has good illumination and ventilation, reduce the generation of damage by disease and insect; Select the sunny slope plantation of the woods; PH is adopted to be 5.5 ~ 6.5 in faintly acid and free of contamination well water sprays irrigation.
2. kind of the selection of planting seedlings
Seedlings of Dendrobium officinale is adopted the tissue culture propagating hardening 7 ~ 8 months of existing routine, select seedling body stalwartness, well developed root system, stem look viridescent and the seedling body without damage by disease and insect to plant seedlings as kind.
3. kind to plant
(1) dendrobium candidum tree body is grown nonparasitically upon another plant plantation
To grow nonparasitically upon another plant tree body: select that bark is thicker, moisture is more and the forest of racemosus wooden fork.
Initial stage dendrobium candidum fixture: select water binding capacity to grow well the not strong moistening sphagna of water consumption, palm bark and cotton cord.
Disinfecting before plantation: 3 ~ 4 days be that the aqueous solution of the potassium permanganate of 0.1% scrubs sterilization with mass percent before plantation by the tree body of growing nonparasitically upon another plant of plantation dendrobium candidum; As the initial stage, the sphagna of dendrobium candidum fixture is sterilized through high-temperature sterilization.
Plantation: dendrobium candidum adopts clump hydroponics, 3 ~ 5 strains are one clump, every clump is wrapped up with the sphagna after sterilization, Jacket thickness is 2 ~ 3 centimetres, parcel back root part can be unfolded naturally as the best, sphagna skin thickness is the palm bark wrapped strengthening of 1 ~ 2 millimeter, is finally fixed to cotton cord tree surface of growing nonparasitically upon another plant.Planting density is unsuitable too low, and take helical form to plant, spacing in the rows is 10 ~ 20cm.Crotch or the coarse place of surface fracture should be selected in plantation position; Preferred selection is planted with lower portion trunk height 3 meters.
(2) dendrobium candidum tree section, tree block and stub are grown nonparasitically upon another plant plantation
Tree section, tree block and stub are grown nonparasitically upon another plant carrier: to select in woods diameter after daily pruning to be that the limb of the tree of 10 ~ 20 centimetres is as raw material, be sawn into the tree section of 30 ~ 40 centimeter length, or be directly sawn into according to its racemosus wooden fork shape the stub that length is 30 ~ 40 centimetres, or thickness is the round wood plate (tree block) of 4 ~ 6 centimetres.
Initial stage dendrobium candidum fixture: select water binding capacity to grow well the not strong moistening sphagna of water consumption, palm bark and the cotton cord fixture as the initial stage.
Disinfecting before plantation: the attached main tree section of plantation dendrobium candidum, tree block and stub 3 ~ 4 days are that the aqueous solution of the potassium permanganate of 0.1% scrubs sterilization with mass percent before plantation; As the initial stage, the sphagna of dendrobium candidum fixture is sterilized through high-temperature sterilization.
Plantation: dendrobium candidum adopts clump hydroponics, 3 ~ 5 strains are one clump, with the sphagna parcel after sterilization, Jacket thickness is 2 ~ 3 centimetres, parcel back root part can be unfolded naturally as the best, sphagna skin thickness is the palm bark wrapped strengthening of 1 ~ 2 millimeter, is finally fixed to tree section, tree block and stub with cotton cord and grows nonparasitically upon another plant carrier surface.Separately get an iron wire, its one end is fixed on plant dendrobium candidum tree section, tree block and stub on, the other end is twisted into hook-shaped to be suspended from the places such as the branch of trees or to be suspended from (wherein stub type can be placed in ground) on the bamboo bar of crossbearer in woods.Planting density is unsuitable too low, and tree section takes helical form to plant, and every clump of relative distance is 15cm.The damaged coarse place of crotch or bark should be selected in field planting position, and under the tree section after plantation dendrobium candidum, tree block and stub can be placed in tree, branch etc. is easy to hang the suitable place and illumination is ventilated.
(3) dendrobium candidum sylvan life matrix plantation
Seedbed is built: utilize sylvan life to leave unused vacant lot, according to physical features, build the simple and easy seedbed framework of long 4 ~ 12m, wide 1.0 ~ 1.5m with bamboo, wood or angle bar, the degree of depth in seedbed is 15 ~ 25cm, and the bottom in seedbed is equipped with aperture at the common sunshade net of below 5mm or glue grid; Common sunshade net or glue grid distance are overhead 0.2 ~ 0.8 meter.
Matrix is arranged in pairs or groups: using the become thoroughly decomposed material or directly select commercially available broken pine bark as the main component of cultivation matrix of natural branch, bark and the leaf after daily pruning through pulverizing, more than spontaneous fermentation March.With broken common brick or blinding as auxiliary material, by cultivation matrix main component: the weight ratio of auxiliary material=3:2 evenly prepares bed planting matrix.
On sunshade net matrix being evenly laid in seedbed or glue grid, the thick 10-16cm of matrix
Disinfecting before plantation: before planting 3 ~ 4 days, seedbed are the aqueous solution spray disinfectant of the potassium permanganate of 0.1% with mass percent, are sprayed to and soak into matrix.
Plantation: dendrobium candidum adopts clump hydroponics, and 3 ~ 5 strains are one clump, remove former matrix before plantation, planting density is unsuitable too low, plants by the seeding row spacing of 10 × 10cm.Dig a dark vesicle for 2-4cm by spacing in the rows during plantation, Cong Miao is grabbed and puts into cave together, cover matrix, gently press.
4. kind plant rear cultivation management:
Woodland establishes Simple atomizing watering apparatus, plant and within latter about 3 days, carry out spraying and water, spray weekly afterwards 2 ~ 3 times, depending on the Humid Status of dendrobium candidum root, watering time was advisable at 9 ~ 10 in the morning, and to be pH be the water sprayed 5.5 ~ 6.5 in faintly acid and free of contamination well water; Note the management of woodland branches and leaves at ordinary times, weeds and fallen leaves in cleaning woods, ensure that Growth of Dendrobium candidum has sufficient illumination and ventilation condition; Do not apply any fertilizer or spray insecticide, ensureing its natural growth conditions and product quality; Dendrobium candidum kind is planted seedlings when above-mentioned growing and cultivation more than 6 months, because its root system grown closely can be attached to carrier surface, at this moment can remove fixture cotton cord and the palm bark on surface, only stay sphagna integument, to give free rein to growth.
5. the growth indexes evaluation of underwood planting:
Adopt above-mentioned growing and cultivation mode, dendrobium candidum plantation shoot survival percent can reach more than 95%, and dendrobium candidum kind was planted seedlings and check that sprouting of lateral bud rate can reach more than 75% after above-mentioned growing and cultivation March, and new root germination rate reaches about 45%; With the dendrobium candidum seedling that the mode of growing nonparasitically upon another plant setting body, tree section, tree block and stub is planted, its new root grown can closely be attached to grows nonparasitically upon another plant on carrier.
Be exemplary below by the embodiment be described with reference to the drawings, be intended to for explaining the present invention, and can not limitation of the present invention be interpreted as.Unreceipted concrete technology or condition person in embodiment, carry out according to routine techniques in this area or condition.Agents useful for same or the unreceipted production firm person of instrument, being can by the conventional products of commercial acquisition.
Embodiment 1
Present embodiments provide the tree body plantation of dendrobium candidum.
Selection of land: Luohu District, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province great Wang Cun Litchi Garden.
Weather conditions: the hilly and mountainous land with forest microclimate, height above sea level 230 meters, monthly mean temperature is 11.5 DEG C ~ 32.2 DEG C, high temperature season be generally May ~ September, maximum temperature can reach 38.7 DEG C, year, relative moisture was 70% ~ 80%, and annual rainfall is 912.5 millimeters ~ 2747 millimeters, and sylvan life light transmittance is 25% ~ 35%.
The choice and optimization of planting environment: Litchi Garden does not use chemical fertilizer or agricultural chemicals, to ensure the self-sow environment that dendrobium candidum is excellent; Prune leafiness for the litchi branch of Litchi Garden before plantation, ensure that dendrobium candidum has good illumination and ventilation, reduce the generation of damage by disease and insect; Select the sunny slope plantation of Litchi Garden.
The selection of kind to plant seedlings: the tissue culture propagating hardening 7 ~ 8 months seedlings of Dendrobium officinale (being purchased from Shenzhen city flower Yu Yue floriculture Co., Ltd) being adopted existing routine, selects seedling body stalwartness, well developed root system, stem look viridescent and the seedling body without damage by disease and insect to plant seedlings as kind.
The tree body implantation methods of dendrobium candidum is as follows:
Tree body of growing nonparasitically upon another plant is selected: the litchi that selection bark is thicker, moisture is more and racemosus is pitched and longan.
Initial stage dendrobium candidum fixture: select water binding capacity to grow well the not strong sphagna of water consumption, palm bark and cotton cord.
Disinfecting before plantation: the tree body of growing nonparasitically upon another plant of plantation dendrobium candidum 3 ~ 4 days is that the aqueous solution of the potassium permanganate of 0.1% scrubs sterilization with mass percent before plantation; As the initial stage, the sphagna of dendrobium candidum fixture is sterilized through high-temperature sterilization.
Plantation: dendrobium candidum adopts clump hydroponics, 3 ~ 5 strains of above-mentioned kind being planted seedlings are one clump, former matrix is removed before plantation, root is unfolded naturally, wrap up every clump with the sphagna after sterilization, Jacket thickness is 2 ~ 3 centimetres, and sphagna skin thickness is the palm bark wrapped strengthening of 1 ~ 2 millimeter, finally be fixed to the bark surface (side of tree body of namely growing nonparasitically upon another plant) of tree body of growing nonparasitically upon another plant with cotton cord, make to be adjacent to inside plant to grow nonparasitically upon another plant and set the bark of body; Planting density is unsuitable too low, and take helical form to plant, spacing in the rows is 15 centimetres; Plantation position preferably select crotch or the coarse place of surface fracture, plant highly preferred trunk to ground level 3 meters with lower portion plant (see accompanying drawing 1).
Manage after growing and cultivation: woodland establishes Simple atomizing watering apparatus, plant and within latter about 3 days, carry out spraying and water, spray weekly afterwards 2 ~ 3 times, depending on the Humid Status of dendrobium candidum root, watering time was advisable at 9 ~ 10 in the morning, and to be pH be the water sprayed 5.5 ~ 6.5 in faintly acid and free of contamination well water; Note the management of woodland branches and leaves at ordinary times, weeds and fallen leaves in cleaning woods, ensure that Growth of Dendrobium candidum has sufficient illumination and ventilation condition; Do not apply any fertilizer or spray insecticide, ensureing its natural growth conditions and product quality; Dendrobium candidum kind is planted seedlings when above-mentioned growing and cultivation more than 6 months, because its root system grown closely can be attached to carrier surface, at this moment can remove fixture cotton cord and the palm bark on surface, only stay sphagna integument, to give free rein to growth.
Dendrobium candidum kind is planted seedlings and is started through above-mentioned growing and cultivation the new root that has light green to turn white after one week, old color brownization deepens, the root newborn after 1 ~ 2 month through above-mentioned growing and cultivation starts to be attached to bark surface, through above-mentioned growing and cultivation after 6 ~ 7 months dendrobium candidum root be attached at bark surface (see Fig. 2) completely, old dehydration becomes dry into black.Dendrobium candidum kind is planted seedlings and within one month, is started to extract sprouting out through above-mentioned growing and cultivation, and early stage, rainy season, many water minority sprouting was eaten up by snail, and the later stage is sunny, the more riotous growth of sprouting; Through above-mentioned growing and cultivation after 1 year dendrobium candidum plant be firmly attached to bark surface, plant strain growth is healthy and strong, many shoots, few or without damage by disease and insect.
Embodiment 2
Present embodiments provide the tree section of dendrobium candidum, tree block and stub plantation.
The selection that the choice and optimization of selection of land, weather conditions, planting environment and kind are planted seedlings is with embodiment 1.
The tree section of dendrobium candidum, tree block and stub implantation methods are as follows:
Attached main tree section, tree block and stub are selected: select the tree section of the lichee of long 30 ~ 40 centimetres, diameter more than 15 centimetres, longan, stub and diameter 20 centimetres, the wooden round wood plate (tree block) of lichee of thick 5 centimetres is attached master.
Dendrobium candidum fixture: seedling grows well the not strong moistening sphagna of water consumption, palm bark, cotton cord as plantation to the initial stage fixture of attached Your Majesty using water binding capacity; Tree section, tree block and stub fixture iron wire hang.
Disinfecting before plantation: the tree section of plantation dendrobium candidum, tree block and stub 3 ~ 4 days are that the aqueous solution of the potassium permanganate of 0.1% scrubs sterilization with mass percent before plantation, and the sphagna of dendrobium candidum fixture is sterilized through high-temperature sterilization as the initial stage.
Plantation: dendrobium candidum adopts clump hydroponics, 3 ~ 5 strains are one clump, remove former matrix before plantation, and root is unfolded naturally, every clump is wrapped up with the sphagna after sterilization, Jacket thickness is 2 ~ 3 centimetres, and sphagna skin thickness is the palm bark wrapped strengthening of 1 ~ 2 millimeter, is finally fixed to the side of attached main tree section, tree block and stub with cotton cord, make the surface being adjacent to attached main tree section, tree block and stub inside plant, planting density is unsuitable too low, and take helical form to plant, spacing in the rows is 15 centimetres; Separately get an iron wire, its one end is fixed on plant dendrobium candidum tree section, tree block and stub on, the other end is twisted into hook-shaped to be suspended from the places such as the branch of trees or to be suspended from the bamboo bar of crossbearer in woods, is wherein the be placed in ground (see Fig. 3 ~ 4) of attached master with stub.
Manage after growing and cultivation: woodland establishes Simple atomizing watering apparatus, plant and within latter about 3 days, carry out spraying and water, spray weekly afterwards 2 ~ 3 times, depending on the Humid Status of dendrobium candidum root, watering time was advisable at 9 ~ 10 in the morning, and to be pH be the water sprayed 5.5 ~ 6.5 in faintly acid and free of contamination well water; Note the management of woodland branches and leaves at ordinary times, weeds and fallen leaves in cleaning woods, ensure that Growth of Dendrobium candidum has sufficient illumination and ventilation condition; Do not apply any fertilizer or spray insecticide, ensureing its natural growth conditions and product quality; Dendrobium candidum kind is planted seedlings when above-mentioned growing and cultivation more than 6 months, because its root system grown closely can be attached to carrier surface, at this moment can remove fixture cotton cord and the palm bark on surface, only stay sphagna integument, to give free rein to growth.
Dendrobium candidum kind is planted seedlings and is started through above-mentioned growing and cultivation the new root that has light green to turn white after one week, and old color brownization deepens; Start to be attached to the surfaces such as tree section through the root that above-mentioned growing and cultivation is newborn after 1 ~ 2 month; Attach completely through above-mentioned growing and cultivation 6 ~ 7 months dendrobium candidum roots, old dehydration becomes dry into black.Dendrobium candidum kind is planted seedlings and within one month, is started to extract sprouting out through above-mentioned growing and cultivation, sunny, the more riotous growth of sprouting (see Fig. 5).Through above-mentioned growing and cultivation, after 1 year, the prosperity of dendrobium candidum plant root is longer sticks in attachment surface, and plant strain growth is healthy and strong, few or without damage by disease and insect.
Embodiment 3
Present embodiments provide the sylvan life matrix plantation of dendrobium candidum.
The selection that the choice and optimization of selection of land, weather conditions, planting environment and kind are planted seedlings is with embodiment 1.
The sylvan life matrix implantation methods of dendrobium candidum is as follows:
Ground point selection: lower vacant lot 3 place of lichee woods tree, often locate area about 12 square metres, ventilation illumination condition is suitable for.
Seedbed is built: the present embodiment is provided with 3 seedbeds
Seedbed A: be positioned at the lichee sylvan life of massif slope, slopes degree is preferably 4:7, and seedbed can be built flexibly by geographical conditions.Seedbed is built: the platform first building high 0.8 meter with long bamboo according to slope, and will be cut into the bamboo cane side alignment of long 1.4 ~ 1.5 meters, wide 3 ~ 5 centimetres, horizontal place mat is on platform side by side successively, and the gap between bamboo cane is 1 centimetre.The bamboo cane of platform is settled and glue grid and matrix can be enclosed in interior length 4 meters, wide 1.4 meters and the fence rack of high 0.2 meter, described fence rack adopts bamboo to build, bamboo cane and the fence rack of bottom constitute forcing frame, by long 4.4 meters, wide 1.8 meters and aperture is that the glue grid place mat of 5 centimetres is on the bottom surface of forcing frame and four side inwalls, the glue grid of place mat in the bottom surface of forcing frame overhead most rise from 0.8 meter, with band, glue grid is fixed on forcing frame again, namely puts up seedbed A.Matrix is arranged in pairs or groups: natural branch, bark and leaf that greening administrative office of Shenzhen crushing plant obtains, be ground into size 3 ~ 5 centimetres not wait fragment after, by volume geometric ratio mixes, conveniently spontaneous fermentation more than 1 year, be mixed into diameter by the weight ratio of 3:2 and be 2 centimetres and thickness is the broken common brick of 1 centimetre, evenly be laid on the glue grid of seedbed A, matrix thick 10 centimetres (see Fig. 6).
Seedbed B: be positioned at the flat slope that lichee sylvan life is manually planished.Seedbed is built: build long 6 meters, wide 1.3 meters and the Simple bedstead of high 0.4 meter with angle bar, from bottom to up successively with to be the plastic wire of 5 millimeters and aperture be in the aperture plastic wire place mat of 4 centimetres bottom bedstead, and fixes surrounding with Plastic Bandage, namely puts up seedbed B.Long 6 meters of the seedbed B that puts up, wide 1.3 meters and be deeply 0.2 meter, two layers of plastic net is overhead highly 0.2 meter.Matrix is arranged in pairs or groups: the broken pine bark that commercially available diameter is 1 centimetre, thickness is 0.5 centimetre is 2 centimetres with diameter, the broken common brick of thickness about 1 centimetre mixes by 3:2 weight ratio, evenly be laid on the plastic wire on the upper strata of seedbed B, matrix thick 10 centimetres (see Fig. 7).Seedbed C: with seedbed B unlike its specification for long 6 meters, wide 1 meter.
Disinfecting before plantation: before planting 3 ~ 4 days, seedbed are the aqueous solution spray disinfectant of the potassium permanganate of 0.1% with mass percent, are sprayed to and soak into matrix.
Plantation: dendrobium candidum adopts clump hydroponics, and 3 ~ 5 strains are one clump, remove former matrix before plantation, planting density is unsuitable too low, plants by the seeding row spacing of 10 × 10cm.During plantation by spacing in the rows dig one dark be the vesicle of 2 centimetres, Cong Miao is grabbed and puts into cave together, unfold root system, cover matrix, gently press.
Manage after growing and cultivation: woodland establishes Simple atomizing watering apparatus, plant and within latter about 3 days, carry out spraying and water, spray weekly afterwards 2 ~ 3 times, depending on the Humid Status of dendrobium candidum root, watering time was advisable at 9 ~ 10 in the morning, and to be pH be the water sprayed 5.5 ~ 6.5 in faintly acid and free of contamination well water; Note the management of woodland branches and leaves at ordinary times, the surperficial weeds in cleaning woods and seedbed and fallen leaves, ensure that Growth of Dendrobium candidum has sufficient illumination and ventilation condition; Do not apply any fertilizer or spray insecticide, ensureing its natural growth conditions and product quality.
Dendrobium candidum kind is planted seedlings and is started through above-mentioned growing and cultivation the new root that has light green to turn white after one week, and old color brownization deepens, and the root attachment newborn after 4 ~ 5 months through above-mentioned growing and cultivation is wound in matrix, and old dehydration becomes dry into black; Within one month, start to extract sprouting out through above-mentioned growing and cultivation, the more and riotous growth of quantity, when planting two months, sprouting two panels leaf is unfolded, and plant strain growth is healthy few or without damage by disease and insect (see Fig. 8).
In three embodiments, the seedlings of Dendrobium officinale upgrowth situation of Different Ways of Planting is different.Compared with tree body plantation in embodiment 1 adheres to plantation with the section of tree in embodiment 2, stub, seedlings of Dendrobium officinale upgrowth situation is similar, the Growth of Dendrobium candidum situation of the sylvan life matrix plantation in embodiment 3 is slightly excellent, and new root, sprouting produce, product is ripe all early than the plant of embodiment 1 and 2.
Claims (6)
1. a sylvan life stereo cultivation method for dendrobium candidum, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) weather and environment is planted
Select the mountain region with forest microclimate, height above sea level less than 600 meters, with fresh air, temperature is 10 DEG C ~ 35 DEG C, and relative moisture is 70% ~ 80%;
(2) selection of planting seedlings is planted
Seedlings of Dendrobium officinale is adopted existing tissue culture propagating hardening 7 ~ 8 months, select and without damage by disease and insect the seedling body of seedling body stalwartness, well developed root system, stem look dark green to plant seedlings as kind;
(3) plant
Before plantation, leafiness for forest branch part being pruned, then adopting grow nonparasitically upon another plant plantation or sylvan life matrix of the tree section of tree body, tree block and stub to plant planting to plant seedlings at the above-mentioned sunny slope with the mountain region of forest microclimate;
Adopt the tree section of tree body, tree block and stub grow nonparasitically upon another plant plantation time, initial stage dendrobium candidum fixture selects water binding capacity to grow well the not strong moistening sphagna of water consumption, palm bark and cotton cord as initial stage dendrobium candidum fixture; And dendrobium candidum adopts clump hydroponics, 3 ~ 5 strains are one clump, every clump is wrapped up with the sphagna after sterilization, Jacket thickness is 2 ~ 3 centimetres, root is made naturally to unfold after parcel, sphagna skin thickness is the palm bark wrapped strengthening of 1 ~ 2 millimeter, is finally fixed to cotton cord tree surface of growing nonparasitically upon another plant;
(4) cultivation management after plantation
Simple atomizing watering apparatus is established at woodland, plant and within latter about 3 days, carry out spraying and water, spray weekly afterwards 2 ~ 3 times, depending on the Humid Status of dendrobium candidum root, watering time is at point in the morning 9 ~ 10, and to be pH be the water sprayed 5.5 ~ 6.5 in faintly acid and free of contamination well water; Note the management of woodland branches and leaves at ordinary times, weeds and fallen leaves in cleaning woods; Do not apply any fertilizer or spray insecticide.
2. the sylvan life stereo cultivation method of dendrobium candidum according to claim 1, is characterized in that, step (3) plantation adopts the tree section of dendrobium candidum tree body, tree block and stub to grow nonparasitically upon another plant plantation, and concrete mode is:
To grow nonparasitically upon another plant tree body: select that bark is thicker, moisture is more and the forest of racemosus wooden fork as tree body of growing nonparasitically upon another plant;
Disinfecting before plantation: the tree body of growing nonparasitically upon another plant of plantation dendrobium candidum 3 ~ 4 days is that the aqueous solution of the potassium permanganate of 0.1% scrubs sterilization with mass percent before plantation; As the initial stage, the sphagna of dendrobium candidum fixture is sterilized through high-temperature sterilization;
Plantation: the dendrobium candidum being fixed to tree surface of growing nonparasitically upon another plant takes helical form to plant, and spacing in the rows is 10 ~ 20cm; Crotch or the coarse place of surface fracture are selected in plantation position, select to plant with lower portion to ground level 3 meters at trunk.
3. the sylvan life stereo cultivation method of dendrobium candidum according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, step (3) plantation adopts the tree section of dendrobium candidum tree body, tree block and stub to grow nonparasitically upon another plant plantation, and described dendrobium candidum tree section, tree block and the stub concrete mode of planting of growing nonparasitically upon another plant is:
The tree section of tree body, tree block and stub are grown nonparasitically upon another plant carrier: to select in woods diameter after daily pruning to be that the limb of 10 ~ 20 centimetres is as raw material, be sawn into the tree section of 30 ~ 40 centimeter length, or be directly sawn into according to its racemosus wooden fork shape the stub that length is 30 ~ 40 centimetres, or thickness is the tree block of 4 ~ 6 centimetres;
Disinfecting before plantation: the attached main tree section of plantation dendrobium candidum, tree block and stub 3 ~ 4 days are that the aqueous solution of the potassium permanganate of 0.1% scrubs sterilization with mass percent before plantation; As the initial stage, the sphagna of dendrobium candidum fixture is sterilized through high-temperature sterilization;
Plantation: after the dendrobium candidum of tree surface of growing nonparasitically upon another plant is fixing, separately get an iron wire, its one end is fixed on plant dendrobium candidum tree section, tree block and stub on, the other end is twisted into and is hook-shapedly suspended from the branch place of trees or is suspended from the bamboo bar of crossbearer in woods; Planting density is not too low, and tree section takes helical form to plant, and every clump of relative distance is 15cm; Crotch or the damaged coarse place of bark are selected in field planting position; Tree section after plantation dendrobium candidum, tree block and stub are placed in and are easy to hang and illumination is ventilated under suitable tree and on branch.
4. the sylvan life stereo cultivation method of the dendrobium candidum according to Claims 2 or 3, is characterized in that, dendrobium candidum kind is planted seedlings when above-mentioned plantation more than 6 months, removes fixture cotton cord and the palm bark on surface, only stays sphagna integument.
5. the sylvan life stereo cultivation method of dendrobium candidum according to claim 1, is characterized in that, step (3) plantation adopts the plantation of dendrobium candidum sylvan life matrix, and concrete mode is:
Seedbed is built: utilize sylvan life to leave unused vacant lot, according to physical features, build the simple and easy seedbed framework of long 4 ~ 12m, wide 1.0 ~ 1.5m with bamboo, wood or angle bar, the degree of depth in seedbed is 15 ~ 25cm, and the bottom in seedbed is equipped with aperture at the common sunshade net of below 5mm or glue grid; Common sunshade net or glue grid distance are overhead 0.2 ~ 0.8 meter;
Matrix is arranged in pairs or groups: using the become thoroughly decomposed material or directly select commercially available broken pine bark as the main component of cultivation matrix of natural branch, bark or the leaf after daily pruning through pulverizing, more than spontaneous fermentation March, with broken common brick or blinding as auxiliary material, the main component by cultivation matrix: the weight ratio preparation bed planting matrix of auxiliary material=3:2;
On sunshade net matrix being evenly laid in seedbed or glue grid, the thick 10-16cm of matrix
Disinfecting before plantation: before planting 3 ~ 4 days, seedbed are the aqueous solution spray disinfectant of the potassium permanganate of 0.1% with mass percent, are sprayed to and soak into matrix;
Plantation: dendrobium candidum adopts clump hydroponics, and 3 ~ 5 strains are one clump, remove former matrix before plantation, planting density is unsuitable too low, plants by the seeding row spacing of 10 × 10cm; Dig a dark vesicle for 2-4cm by spacing in the rows during plantation, Cong Miao is grabbed and puts into cave together, cover matrix, gently press.
6. the sylvan life stereo cultivation method of dendrobium candidum according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, plantation weather and the environment of step (1) are: the hilly and mountainous land with forest microclimate, height above sea level 230 meters, monthly mean temperature is 11.5 DEG C ~ 32.2 DEG C, appear in high temperature month May ~ September, maximum temperature can reach 38.7 DEG C, year, relative moisture was 70% ~ 80%, and annual rainfall is 912.5 millimeters ~ 2747 millimeters, and sylvan life light transmittance is 25% ~ 35%.
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