CN1041079C - Optimization control of coagulant charging quantity for water purification technology - Google Patents
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- CN1041079C CN1041079C CN 95102725 CN95102725A CN1041079C CN 1041079 C CN1041079 C CN 1041079C CN 95102725 CN95102725 CN 95102725 CN 95102725 A CN95102725 A CN 95102725A CN 1041079 C CN1041079 C CN 1041079C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a water purification process controlled by a computer program for water plants, particularly to the optimized control of the coagulating agent dosage of a water purification process. Collected parameter signals are sent to a computer to be processed by a field instrument, and a mathematic model and a feedback feeding model of fine adjustment carry out analytical processing according to the addition dosage of coagulating agents, so the turbidity qualification rate of pure water reaches 100%, medicaments are averagely saved by 12 to 20%, and management automation is realized. The present invention is broadly suitable for the factory application of the water quality processing of water plants, sewage plants, etc.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of employing computer program, the optimal control of the method, particularly a kind of coagulant charging quantity for water purification technology of control water factory water-purifying process.
In the water treatment water-purifying process, what of coagulant charging quantity directly determine its purifying water effect, and its purpose mainly is suspended substance and the colloid that removes in anhydrating, and this is related to the water quality of tap water, also are the principal elements that influences water producing cost simultaneously.Determine that coagulant charging quantity mainly contains four kinds of modes:
1. testing laboratory determines the rate of adding, its equipment of Artificial Control in the production;
2. the employing simulator is controlled its adding equipment automatically;
China Shanghai willow Pu water factory, Guang Zhouxi village water factory adopted simulation settling tank method control coagulant charging quantity, the water factory that the U.S. has adopts simulation filter tank method control coagulant charging quantity, this kind mode can be fed back automatic control, compares with last a kind of mode, has improved the water quality qualification rate, reduced the medicine consumption, but because of what adopt is simulator, with production technique difference is arranged, and still has the hysteresis problem.
3. set up the feedforward empirical mode, realize computer controlled automatic, China has only Suzhou at present, Guangzhou, Chongqing Running-water Company, under the assistance of relevant research department, sum up the feedforward experimental formula, but in production reality, do not use, some water factory of developed country also sums up linear experimental formula, but these experimental formulas do not have the guidance of theoretical foundation and tight science, only be in the experimental formula stage, this kind mode is better than preceding dual mode, controls automatically but control mode still belongs to open loop, still do not belong to closed-loop optimization control, and experimental formula awaits going deep into and quantitative theory research qualitative.
Through the data retrieval of DIALOG system, through checking digest, not finding has content same document of the present invention in the world, detects 0 piece of associated documents in the domestic Chinese database.
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of method that adopts computer program control coagulant for clarifying water dosage,, save coagulating agent medicine consumption, and form the system management mode of computer automation to increase water quality.
Control coagulant charging quantity for water purification technology block diagram as shown in Figure 2, it is a kind of optimal control of coagulant charging quantity for water purification technology, be by being installed in on-the-spot primary instrument, to raw water flow, raw water turbidity, former water water temperature, former water ph value, former water oxygen-consumption, former water ammonia nitrogen, settling tank delivery turbidity etc. carries out actual detected, detection system is passed through transmitter, the parameter signals of parameter that collects and calculating, export through transmitter, give Computer Processing, and operation result analyzed, the control coagulant charging quantity also carries out trace to coagulant charging quantity and regulates and proofread and correct, and it is characterized in that having adopted the following control step poly-:
(1) start-up system work is established each variable in the mathematical model, and is distributed to certain memory headroom in computer, these variablees have:
X
1-former water influent turbidity; X
2-former water inflow temperature;
X
3-former water water inlet pH value; X
4-former water water inlet oxygen-consumption;
X
5-former water influent ammonia nitrogen amount; X
s-settling tank delivery turbidity;
X
f-filter tank delivery turbidity;
According to the actual production process record, utilization mathematical statistics Equation for Calculating goes out given coefficient: a
1-raw water turbidity coefficient; a
2-former water water temperature coefficient; a
3-former water ph value coefficient; a
4-former water oxygen-consumption coefficient; a
5-former water ammonia nitrogen coefficient of discharge.
Given constant: C-add rate constant; K-medicament coefficient
(2) judge whether the water-purifying process system devotes oneself to work,, then handle, if the water-purifying process system works then enters next step by maintenance if the water-purifying process system does not work;
(3) at first set up feedforward mathematical optimization model, be that coagulant charging quantity by formula adds after (2) calculating, further set up feedback fine setting mathematical optimization model, i.e. settling tank water outlet feedback fine setting dosage calculation formula (6), and filter tank water outlet feedback dosage calculation formula (7):
Y
1=K (a
1X
1+ a
2X
2+ a
3X
3+ a
4X
4+ a
5X
5+ C) (2)
Y
1-coagulating agent given the dosage that feedovers; F (X
s)-coagulating agent settling tank feedback dosage; F (X
f)-filter tank water outlet feedback dosage; a
s-settling tank delivery turbidity coefficient; a
f-filter tank delivery turbidity coefficient; d
1, d
2Be to produce between precipitated outlet water turbidity optimal zone according to the production practical situation; d
3, d
4Be between filter tank delivery turbidity optimal zone according to the generation of production practical situation;
(4) the water-purifying process system gathers in real time to the signal of above-mentioned parameter simultaneously, with detecting each data of coming a preceding parameter is refreshed, and dosage computing and processing before new data participate in, previous data compression enters historical data base;
(5) system sets up time-delay to judge, when the making time of coagulating agent greater than delay time, the detection signal of settling tank and filter tank effluent quality just can feed back to and participate in control in the system;
(6) system was judged the time of adding, if making time＜and during coagulating sedimentation time t, then system still uses formula Y
1The control dosage when making time 〉=t, is introduced rear feed fine setting formula Y=Y
1+ F (X
s)+F (X
f), this moment, system established F (X earlier
s) in interval, establish F (X again
f) in X
fInterval, draw the coagulant dosage value Y after the feedback at last, after selecting, the Y value is a kind of in following several situation:
A is if settling tank is d
2≤ X
s≤ d
1, and filter tank d
4≤ X
f≤ d
3The time, Y then
＝Y
1
B is if settling tank is d
2≤ X
s≤ d
1, and filter tank d
3＜X
fThe time, Y=Y then
1
+a
f(X
f-d
3)
C is if settling tank is d
2≤ X
s≤ d
1, and filter tank d
4＞X
fThe time, Y=Y then
1
+a
f(X
f-d
4)
D is if settling tank is d
1＜X
s, and filter tank d
4≤ X
f≤ d
3The time, Y=Y then
1
+a
s(X
s-d
1)
E is if settling tank is d
1＜X
s, and filter tank d
3＜X
fThe time, Y=Y then
1+ a
s
(X
s-d
1)+a
f(X
f-d
3)
F is if settling tank is d
1＜X
s, and the filter tank is d
4＞X
fThe time, Y=Y then
1+
a
s(X
s-d
1)+a
f(X
f-d
4)
G is if settling tank is d
2＞X
s, and the filter tank is d
1≤ X
f≤ d
3The time, Y=then
Y
1+a
s(X
s-d
2)
H is if settling tank is d
2＞X, and the filter tank is d
3＜X
fThe time, Y=Y then
1+
a
s(X
s-d
2)+a
f(X
f-d
3)
I is if settling tank is d
2＞X
4, and the filter tank is d
4＞X
fThe time, Y=Y then
1+
a
5(X
s-d
2)+a
f(X
f-d
4)
The present invention is the Qualitative and Quantitative research coagulant charging quantity in theory, water purification plant to water supply industry, the coagulant charging quantity technology of town water and wastewater treatment, can adopt the present invention to realize Computer Optimizing Control fully, the invention has the advantages that: the qualification rate of increasing water quality, make water purification turbidity qualification rate reach 100%, be up to state standards fully, reduced the consumption of coagulating agent, on average saving medicament is about 12～20%, reduces water producing cost, has remarkable economic efficiency, realize automatic control, improved the management quality and the working efficiency of water factory, reduced labor intensity of operating personnel simultaneously.
Fig. 1 is coagulant charging quantity and coagulating sedimentation effect curve figure
Fig. 2 is a computer control coagulant dosage flow sheet.
In order to obtain the coagulant charging quantity rule, should know that coagulant charging quantity is to mixed The impact of retrogradation shallow lake effect. Fig. 1 is with remaining turbidity, colloid electricity behind the coagulating sedimentation Lotus, the functional relation of ζ-potential and coagulant charging quantity is studied coagulant charging quantity To the impact of coagulating sedimentation effect, so-called theoretic optimum dosage is exactly right In a certain former water, have a kind of sedimentation effect of the best, just make purification after Water remaining turbidity minimum, see the C point on Fig. 1, at this moment, behind the coagulating sedimentation Colloidal titration electric charge and ζ-potential all go to zero, and see respectively D, the E point on Fig. 1. By analyzing, we just can obtain in theory optimum dosage definition: in theory The optimum dosage of coagulant, make its coagulating sedimentation after the water purification turbidity minimum, colloid drops Decide electric charge and the ζ-potential value all goes to zero. As can be seen from Figure 1, work as coagulant dosage After amount surpassed in theory optimum dosage, the remaining turbidity of water increased gradually after purifying, At this moment colloidal titration electric charge and ζ-potential value by negative value become on the occasion of, and increase gradually, This just illustrates that coagulant charging quantity is too high, the clean-up effect that can not obtain. Reason Coagulant best feed rate on the opinion can make the remaining turbidity of water purification minimum, obtains best Clean-up effect, but this dosage is very high, the water producing cost height, uneconomical, also Be not easy control. In order to realize that in production technology the coagulant optimum adds, and just must Must set up the concept of the optimum dosage of coagulant with theoretical. In drinking water treatment, Making purifies waste water is up to state standards, and does not need to adopt the in theory optimum of coagulant Dosage, general control sedimentation basin delivery turbidity just can reach below 10NTU Arrive. Be settled out water turbidity below 5NTU such as control, then water turbidity gets final product after the filter Reach about 1NTU, but coagulant charging quantity is then higher, corresponding water producing cost just High. So the optimum dosage of coagulant not only makes the remaining turbidity of purification reach country Standard also will make coagulant charging quantity less, and is easy to control in production technology System, control sedimentation basin water outlet and filter tank delivery turbidity are at a certain optimum range, with regard to energy Realize that the coagulant optimum adds. As in Fig. 1, control sedimentation basin delivery turbidity exists The AB interval just can guarantee that the filter tank delivery turbidity reaches standard, and same, we control again Filtrate turbidity processed can also make the average dosage of coagulant fall at an optimum range Low, the optimum dosage of coagulant in the production that Here it is. Affect the coagulant charging quantity ginseng Number is a lot, should select its major effect parameter to set up Mathematical Modeling. In statistical number For the variable of multi-parameter, should adopt the equation of linear regression mould of calculating simplicity in Formula. We can be at further investigation coagulant charging quantity rule and production process for purifying On the basis, according to the optimum dosage theory of coagulant, set up the base of Mathematical Modeling This hypothesis is used mathematical statistics method then, derives the linear number of optimum dosage Pattern. Following basic assumption is now proposed:
1. the coagulant optimum adds rate, is by feedforward specified rate and feedback fine adjustment amount Form, at first, can determine the feedforward specified rate according to the parameter of raw water quality, right After can be respectively according to sedimentation basin water outlet and filter tank delivery turbidity, carry out feedback regulation its The feedforward specified rate, this regulated quantity is referred to as to feed back the fine adjustment amount.
2. the coagulant optimum adds the letter that rate is feedforward specified rate and feedback fine adjustment amount Number can be considered as mutually independent random variables to this two parts dosage.
In general the turbidity of raw water quality, water temperature, basicity or pH value, have The parameters such as machine thing (TOC or COD), ammonia nitrogen are to affect coagulant to feedover given The principal element of amount, we can be considered as mutually independent random variables to these parameters.
4. former water water temperature, basicity or pH value, organic matter (TOC or COD), Ammonia nitrogen value excursion is littler, and the coefficient of their feedforward specified rates can be used respectively mould Intending test determines; And the raw water turbidity excursion is bigger, so raw water turbidity The coefficient of feedforward specified rate must with mass data in producing, use linear regression Method is tried to achieve.
5. feed back many relating to parameters in fine adjustment amount and precipitation, the filtering technique, very Difficulty is determined functional relation between them. But its feedback fine adjustment amount and sedimentation basin Delivery turbidity and filter tank delivery turbidity have obvious direct function relation, with regard to available this Two variablees are as the independent variable of feedback fine adjustment amount. And these two water outlets Turbidity is considered as mutually independent random variables.
6. according to the optimum dosage definition of coagulant as can be known, the optimum dosage of coagulant Can make sedimentation basin delivery turbidity and filter tank delivery turbidity, respectively all at optimum range, should Optimum range can be obtained by a large amount of means of production statistical analyses.
7. if sedimentation basin delivery turbidity and filter tank delivery turbidity are all at optimum range, Need not make to feed back fine adjustment, if a delivery turbidity is wherein arranged not at optimum range, Then carry out corresponding feedback regulation, its fine adjustment amount one be the sedimentation basin delivery turbidity with The difference of this optimum range is directly proportional; The 2nd, filter tank delivery turbidity and this optimum range it Difference is directly proportional.
For convenience of calculation, we make the coagulant optimum add rate is Y, and its feedforward specified rate is Y1, feedback fine adjustment amount is Y2, according to basic assumption 1, Y is Y as can be known1With Y2Function, know Y by basic assumption 21With Y2It is mutually independent random variables, according to mathematical statistics as can be known: if any one stochastic variable and other stochastic variable are separate, can be similar to so and think their Normal Distribution, so just can with its separate stochastic variable sum, represent its statistical relationship:
Y＝Y
1+Y
2 (1)
If raw water turbidity is X1, water temperature is X2, pH value is X3, oxygen demand is X4, ammonia nitrogen is X5 According to basic assumption 3, as can be known X1、X
2、X
3、X
4、X
5Being mutually independent random variables, also is to can be considered Normal Distribution, and then available multiple linear regression equations represents:
Y
1＝K(a
1X
1+a
2X
2+a
3X
3+a
4X
4+a
5X
5+ C) in (2) formula: a1、a
2、a
3、a
4、a
5-be respectively raw water turbidity, water temperature, pH value, Oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen coefficient;
C-add rate constant;
K-medicament coefficient.
According to basic assumption 4, a2、a
3、a
4、a
5Can obtain with simulated test respectively Its data are determined with mathematical statistics method. When determining the coefficient of a certain parameter, allow Other parameter constant, establishing a certain parameter is X, and its corresponding dosage is Z, and changing should Parameter X is made the mass data of X and Z, returns with the mathematical statistics method cathetus Return The Representation Equation: (3) formula is simplified, can be obtained normalized form:
Z(X)＝aX+b (4)
(4) the formula a that is is exactly the coefficient of this parameter
According to basic assumption 4, raw water turbidity coefficient a1, adopt and produce actual number According to, also available (3), (4) formula are tried to achieve, because creation data is many, can adopt electricity Sub-computer calculates.
For a certain specific raw water quality parameter, i.e. known X1、X
2、X
3、X
4、X
5Value, at this moment, producing actual dosage is y, the C value can be pushed away by (2) formula.
+a
4(x
4)
i+a
5(x
5)
i]} (5)
Like this, just can in the hope of each coefficient of feedforward specified rate, set up feedforward and give Quantitative mathematic(al) mode.
If the sedimentation basin delivery turbidity is Xs, water outlet turbid filling in filter tank is Xf, by basic assumption 5 as can be known:
Y
2＝F(X
s，X
f) because XsWith XfBe mutually independent random variables, then can obtain:
Y
2＝F
1(X
s)+F
2(X
f)
If sedimentation basin delivery turbidity optimum range is (d1，d
2), d here1＞d
2 Filter Pond delivery turbidity optimum range (d3，d
4), d here3＞d
4 According to basic assumption 6, these two optimum ranges can be got by a large amount of means of production statistics.
The sedimentation basin water outlet of at first deriving feedback fine setting dosage. According to basic assumption 7, When the sedimentation basin delivery turbidity at (d1，d
2) time:
F(X
s)＝0
When the sedimentation basin delivery turbidity greater than d1The time:
F(X
s)＝a
s(X
s-d
1)
When the sedimentation basin delivery turbidity less than d2The time:
F(X
5)＝a
s(X
s-d
2)
Can try to achieve with mathematical statistics method by mass data, like this sedimentation basin water outlet feedback fine setting dosage formula:
Equally, can derive filter tank water outlet feedback fine setting dosage computing formula:
a
fCan try to achieve with mathematical statistics method by mass data.
Above-mentioned is that research coagulant optimum adds rate, for different water yield Q, coagulation The agent dosage is directly proportional with the water yield. Can obtain so the optimum dosage of coagulant Pattern:
Y＝yQ＝(y
1+y
2)Q (8)
In actual production, when the raw water turbidity excursion is bigger, raw water turbidity Can divide several districts, obtain the optimum dosage pattern of its corresponding coagulant. But no Opinion adopts several patterns, all will pass through the production actual verification, and correct, again Be applied in the computer-controlled program and go.
Below be embodiment:
We are according to Harbin City three water factories, and the water supply scale is 300,000 m
3/ d, by production test the optimization mathematical model, water-purifying process is introduced equipment such as external advanced reliable sensors and topworks, the μ XL distributed control system that adopts Japanese Yokogawa company to produce.
At first set up mathematic(al) mode, the feedforward mathematic(al) mode according to this patent and production data:
y
1＝1.0×(0.09839X
1-0.1732X
2-0.1845X
3+0.9650X
4+5.1253X
5+27.6012)
Settling tank feedback mathematic(al) mode:
Filter tank water outlet feedback mathematic(al) mode:
Be Harbin City's three factories example in working control that supplies water below:
Song Hua River raw water flow and water quality are to change, at a time detecting X
1=150mg/L, X
2=16 ℃, X
3=7.3, X
4=4.5mg/L, X
5=0.25mg/L, Q=13.5 thousand m
3/ L, the feedforward dosage is:
Y
1＝y
1Q
＝1.0×(0.09839×150-0.1732×16-0.1845×
7.3+0.9650×4.5+5.1253×0.25+27.
6012)×13.5
＝43.8654×13.5
＝592.1829(Kg/h)
According to settling tank delivery turbidity X
s, carrying out feedback regulation, the actual settling tank delivery turbidity that records is 10NTU, illustrates and wants regulated quantity to be:
Y
2＝y
2Q
＝0.5342×(10-9)×13.5
＝7.2117(Kg/h)
Again according to filter tank delivery turbidity X
f, carrying out feedback regulation, the actual filter tank delivery turbidity that records is 1.5NTU, has satisfied requirement, illustrates that wanting regulated quantity is zero:
Y
3＝y
3Q
＝0×13.5＝0
Claims (1)
1. the optimal control of a coagulant charging quantity for water purification technology, be by being installed in on-the-spot primary instrument, raw water flow, raw water turbidity, former water water temperature, former water ph value, former water oxygen-consumption, former water ammonia nitrogen, settling tank delivery turbidity etc. are carried out actual detected, detection system is passed through transmitter, the parameter signals of parameter that collects and calculating, export through transmitter, give Computer Processing, and operation result analyzed, the control coagulant charging quantity also carries out trace to coagulant charging quantity and regulates and proofread and correct, and it is characterized in that having adopted the following control step poly-:
(1) start-up system work is established each variable in the mathematical model, and is distributed to certain memory headroom in computer, these variablees have: X
1-former water influent turbidity; X
2-former water inflow temperature; X
3-former water water inlet pH value; X
4-former water water inlet oxygen-consumption; X
5-former water influent ammonia nitrogen amount; X
s-settling tank delivery turbidity; X
f-filter tank delivery turbidity;
According to the actual production process record, utilization mathematical statistics Equation for Calculating goes out given coefficient: a
1-raw water turbidity coefficient; a
2-former water water temperature coefficient; a
3-former water ph value coefficient; a
4-former water oxygen-consumption coefficient; a
5-former water carries out the ammonia nitrogen coefficient of discharge;
Given constant: C-add rate constant; K-medicament coefficient
(2) judge whether the water-purifying process coefficient devotes oneself to work,, then handle, if the water-purifying process system works then enters next step by maintenance if the water-purifying process system does not work;
(3) at first set up feedforward mathematical optimization model, be that coagulant charging quantity by formula adds after (2) calculating, further set up feedback fine setting mathematical optimization model, i.e. settling tank water outlet feedback fine setting dosage calculation formula (6), and filter tank water outlet feedback dosage calculation formula (7):
Y
1=K (a
1X
1+ a
2X
2+ a
3X
3+ a
4X
4+ a
5X
5+ C) (2)
Y
1-coagulating agent given the dosage that feedovers; F (X
s)-coagulating agent settling tank feedback dosage; F (X
f)-filter tank water outlet feedback dosage; a
s-settling tank delivery turbidity coefficient; a
f-filter tank delivery turbidity coefficient; d
1, d
2Be to produce between precipitated outlet water turbidity optimal zone according to the production practical situation; d
3, d
4Be between filter tank delivery turbidity optimal zone according to the generation of production practical situation;
(4) the water-purifying process system gathers in real time to the signal of above-mentioned parameter simultaneously, with detecting each data of coming a preceding parameter is refreshed, and new data participate in feedforward dosage computing and processing, and previous data compression enters historical data base;
(5) system sets up time-delay to judge, when the making time of coagulating agent greater than delay time, the detection signal of settling tank and filter tank effluent quality just can feed back to and participate in control in the system;
(6) system was judged the time of adding, if making time＜and during coagulating sedimentation time t, then system still uses formula Y
1The control dosage when making time 〉=t, is introduced rear feed fine setting formula Y=Y
1+ F (X
s)+F (X
f), this moment, system established F (X earlier
s) middle X
sInterval, establish F (X again
f) in X
fInterval, draw the coagulant dosage value Y after the feedback at last, after selecting, the Y value is a kind of in following several situation:
A is if settling tank is d
2≤ X
s≤ d
1, and filter tank d
4≤ X
f≤ d
3The time, Y then
＝Y
1
B is if settling tank is d
2≤ X
s≤ d
1, and filter tank d
3＜X
fThe time, Y=Y then
1
+a
f(X
f-d
3)
C is if settling tank is d
2≤ X
s≤ d
1, and filter tank d
4＞X
fThe time, Y=Y then
1
+a
f(X
f-d
4)
D is if settling tank is d
1＜X
s, and filter tank d
4≤ X
f≤ d
3The time, Y=Y then
1
+a
s(X
s-d
1)
E is if settling tank is d
1＜X
s, and filter tank d
3＜X
fThe time, Y=Y then
1+ a
s
(X
s-d
1)+a
f(X
f-d
3)
F is if settling tank is d
1＜X
s, and filter tank d
4＞X
fThe time, Y=Y then
1+ a
5
(X
s-d
1)+a
f(X
f-d
4)
G is if settling tank is d
2＞X
s, and filter tank d
4≤ X
f≤ d
3The time, Y=Y then
1
+a
5(X
s-d
2)
H is if settling tank is d
2＞X
s, and filter tank d
3＜X
fThe time, Y=Y then
1+ a
5
(X
s-d
2)+a
f(X
f-d
3)
I is if settling tank is d
2＞X
s, and filter tank d
4＞X
fThe time, Y=Y then
1+ a
s
(X
s-d
2)+?a
f(X
f-d
4)
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN 95102725 CN1041079C (en) | 1995-03-22 | 1995-03-22 | Optimization control of coagulant charging quantity for water purification technology |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 95102725 CN1041079C (en) | 1995-03-22 | 1995-03-22 | Optimization control of coagulant charging quantity for water purification technology |
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| CN1041079C true CN1041079C (en) | 1998-12-09 |
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ID=5074438
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| CN109133283A (en) * | 2018-08-24 | 2019-01-04 | 上海应用技术大学 | A kind of method of stable coagulation unit water outlet CODcr concentration |
| CN109188998B (en) * | 2018-10-25 | 2020-03-03 | 成都市自来水有限责任公司 | Water purification plant PAC intelligent dosing control system based on data fitting method |
| CN111353650B (en) * | 2020-03-12 | 2024-06-18 | 苏州市自来水有限公司 | Cloud computing-based intelligent optimization auxiliary decision-making system for water plant |
| CN113087301B (en) * | 2021-04-08 | 2021-12-07 | 常州康绿环保科技有限公司 | Ectopic microorganism remediation method for river sewage |
| CN114772788B (en) * | 2022-05-07 | 2024-03-15 | 广东电网有限责任公司 | Automatic water quality adjusting system and automatic water quality adjusting method |
-
1995
- 1995-03-22 CN CN 95102725 patent/CN1041079C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101264961B (en) * | 2008-04-25 | 2010-06-02 | 天津市市政工程设计研究院 | Method for determining coagulant optimal addition quantity and optimal pH in water treatment |
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|---|---|
| CN1112694A (en) | 1995-11-29 |
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