CN104106482B - A kind of stichopus japonicus disease prevention and cure technology of environmental protection - Google Patents
A kind of stichopus japonicus disease prevention and cure technology of environmental protection Download PDFInfo
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- CN104106482B CN104106482B CN201410315284.3A CN201410315284A CN104106482B CN 104106482 B CN104106482 B CN 104106482B CN 201410315284 A CN201410315284 A CN 201410315284A CN 104106482 B CN104106482 B CN 104106482B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The present invention proposes a kind of stichopus japonicus disease prevention and cure technology of environmental protection, the stichopus japonicus disease prevention and cure technology of this kind of environmental protection comprises the steps: step 1: the fresh water that immersion seed is used carries out dechlorination, dissolved oxygen and controls water temperature; Step 2: choose body weight >=1.0g juvenile stichopus classification, after removal of contamination, be soaked in the fresh water that above-mentioned steps 1 obtains, and in immersion process to light Aeration in the water; Step 3: treat that freshwater soaking finishes, fresh water is outwelled, add seawater inflation in corresponding culturing pool, recover 3～5min, treat that seed belly sucker, back parapodum and oral area tentacle all trail, then seed is splashed in corresponding culturing pool. By above-mentioned technical method, can improve stichopus japonicus survival rate of seedlings and resistance against diseases.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of stichopus japonicus disease prevention and cure technology, refer to that especially one utilizes animal pathogen to salinityThe inadaptability of rapid drawdown improves the technology of stichopus japonicus survival rate of seedlings and resistance against diseases.
Background technology
The so-called sea cucumber of stichopus japonicus (Stichopusjaponicus) is under the jurisdiction of Echinodermata in classification(Echinodermata), Holothuroidea (Holothuroidea), Parapet hand order (Aspidochirota), Stichopodidae(Stichopodidae), be temperate zone kind, natural resources is mainly distributed in Japan, China, Korea S and RussiaLuo Si the Far East Area, is mainly distributed in the Northern Coastal Regions such as Liaoning, Shandong, Hebei in China. Stichopus japonicus is ChinaThe famous and precious sea cucumber product of one that in common sea cucumber kind, nutritive value is the highest, rank first of marine products " eight delicacies ". CloselyNian Laiyi becomes one of main breeding breed variety of Northern Coastal Region, is the important marine products economic species of China.Along with the fast development of apostichopus japonicus culture industry, the disease problem of stichopus japonicus comes one after another, and the outburst of disease becomesLimit the bottleneck of the healthy and stable development of this industry. Common apostichopus japonicus culture pathogen mainly comprises bacterium, mouldWith parasite three classes, as Vibrio splindidus, flatworm and infusorian etc., cause stichopus japonicus epidermis to fester, change skin and swollenThe symptoms such as mouth, in producing at present main methods for the treatment of be throw something and feed antibiotic etc (as furans antibiotic,Florfenicol etc.), use for a long time or abuse, not only cause the microorganisms resistance to the action of a drug, antibody-resistant bacterium constantly increasesAdd, aquatic livestock immunologic function declines, and in addition, has also caused huge economic loss. Develop without publicThe natural antibacterial product of evil, Standard cultivation operational procedure, reaches the rational use of medicines, and properly pasteurized is the task of top priority.
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of stichopus japonicus disease prevention and cure technology of environmental protection, can improve stichopus japonicus survival rate of seedlings and disease-resistant energyPower.
A stichopus japonicus disease prevention and cure technology for environmental protection, comprises the steps:
Step 1: the fresh water that immersion seed is used carries out dechlorination, oxygen dissolved and controls water temperature;
Step 2: choose body weight >=1.0g juvenile stichopus classification, be soaked in above-mentioned steps 1 after removal of contaminationIn the fresh water obtaining, and in immersion process to light Aeration in the water;
Step 3: treat that freshwater soaking finishes, fresh water is outwelled, add seawater inflation in corresponding culturing pool,Recover 3～5min, treat that seed belly sucker, back parapodum and oral area tentacle all trail, then seed is sprinkledSpill in corresponding culturing pool.
As further technical scheme, in described step 1, dechlorination is for passing through the dechlorination of air pump aeration.
As further technical scheme, in described step 1, the oxygen dissolved of fresh water is more than 5mg/L.
As further technical scheme, in described step 1, soak seed fresh water temperature and be controlled at 14～22 DEG C, andSeawater water temperature in fresh water water temperature culturing pool corresponding to seed is consistent.
As further technical scheme, the optimum water temperature of described immersion seed fresh water temperature is 15～20 DEG C.
As further technical scheme, the initial body weight according to juvenile stichopus in described step 2 is divided into following twoLevel: 1.0g≤initial body weight≤4.0g, the initial body weight of 4.0g <, and soak the different time according to classification.
As further technical scheme, the initial body weight of juvenile stichopus is 1.0g≤initial body weight≤4.0g, when immersionBetween be every seven days once, soak duration is 10min at every turn; The initial body weight of juvenile stichopus is the initial body weight of 4.0g <,Soak time be every seven days once, soak duration is 15min at every turn.
The present invention utilizes the inadaptability of animal pathogen to salinity rapid drawdown, by by regular juvenile stichopus soakingSteep in fresh water, effectively reduce the bacterial number of juvenile stichopus body surface, thus can effectively reduce because ofApostichopus japonicus culture pathogen causes stichopus japonicus epidermis to fester, change the generation of the symptom such as skin and swollen mouth, thereby reaches raisingStichopus japonicus survival rate of seedlings and resistance against diseases, this diseases prevention technology environmental protection and simple.
Brief description of the drawings
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to implementingIn example or description of the Prior Art, the accompanying drawing of required use is briefly described, and apparently, the following describesIn accompanying drawing be only some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, do not payingGo out under the prerequisite of creative work, can also obtain according to these accompanying drawings other accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of the stichopus japonicus disease prevention and cure technology of a kind of environmental protection in the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clearlyChu, intactly description, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead ofWhole embodiment. Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are not making creationThe every other embodiment obtaining under property work prerequisite, belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
A stichopus japonicus disease prevention and cure technology for environmental protection, comprises the steps:
Step 1: the fresh water that immersion seed is used carries out dechlorination, oxygen dissolved and controls water temperature;
Step 2: choose body weight >=1.0g juvenile stichopus classification, be soaked in above-mentioned steps 1 after removal of contaminationIn the fresh water obtaining, and in immersion process to light Aeration in the water;
Step 3: treat that freshwater soaking finishes, fresh water is outwelled, add seawater inflation in corresponding culturing pool,Recover 3～5min, treat that seed belly sucker, back parapodum and oral area tentacle all trail, then seed is sprinkledSpill in corresponding culturing pool.
As further technical scheme, in described step 1, dechlorination is for passing through the dechlorination of air pump aeration.
As further technical scheme, in described step 1, the oxygen dissolved of fresh water is more than 5mg/L.
As further technical scheme, in described step 1, soak seed fresh water temperature and be controlled at 14～22 DEG C, andSeawater water temperature in fresh water water temperature culturing pool corresponding to seed is consistent.
As further technical scheme, the optimum water temperature of described immersion seed fresh water temperature is 15～20 DEG C.
As further technical scheme, the initial body weight according to juvenile stichopus in described step 2 is divided into following twoLevel: 1.0g≤initial body weight≤4.0g, the initial body weight of 4.0g <, and soak the different time according to classification.
As further technical scheme, the initial body weight of juvenile stichopus is 1.0g≤initial body weight≤4.0g, when immersionBetween be every seven days once, soak duration is 10min at every turn; The initial body weight of juvenile stichopus is the initial body weight of 4.0g <,Soak time be every seven days once, soak duration is 15min at every turn.
The stichopus japonicus disease prevention and cure technology of a kind of environmental protection proposed by the invention, key point has two aspects, and the one, soakThe water temperature of stichopus japonicus seedling fresh water used is consistent with the seawater water temperature of culturing stichopus japonicus seed, and the 2nd, control fresh water and soakThe bubble time. Concrete main points are as follows:
1) soaking the fresh water (i.e. the running water used in life) of use must be fresh, dechlorination is (because containing in running waterHave bleach clorox, therefore need aeration one day), dechlorination method of the present invention is for using air pumpAeration carries out dechlorination; Dissolved oxygen amount abundance, stichopus japonicus is stronger to the tolerance of hypoxemia, can more than 2mg/LNormal growth and existence, for ensureing the aerobic degree of juvenile stichopus, ensure to soak the dissolved oxygen of fresh water in the present invention>=5.0mg/L, in addition, in freshwater soaking process, omnidistance continual carrying out inflated fresh water, withMeet the needs of stichopus japonicus to oxygen; Fresh water water temperature should (actual temp root consistent with culturing stichopus japonicus seawater usedAccording to the water temperature of culturing stichopus japonicus at that time and determine, differ with ocean temperature and be no more than 1 DEG C, culturing stichopus japonicus seawater used existsIn breeding process, due to factor impacts such as weather, its ocean temperature, pH value and salinity are changing value, supportGrow in process, to ensure this some in the optimum range of stichopus japonicus), stichopus japonicus is indoor keeps a full stand of seedings the stage, soaks stichopus japonicus waterTemperature control is at 14～22 DEG C, and suitable immersion water temperature is at 15～20 DEG C, if water temperature lower than 14 DEG C, freshwater soaking meetingStimulating stichopus japonicus to produce stress reaction, there is telling intestines phenomenon in part stichopus japonicus, affects stichopus japonicus growth.
2) most of stichopus japonicus are typical stenohalinity animals, particularly to the adaptive capacity of Low-salinity seawater a little less than,Salinity reduces the excessive or overlong time of amplitude can cause the death of stichopus japonicus, and therefore, stichopus japonicus requires the intact nothing of body surfaceDamage (if damaging stichopus japonicus, body surface easily tells intestines, or breakage appearanceization skin phenomenon), in addition, stichopus japonicus is soakedThe initial body weight of bubble fresh water should be more than 1.0g, and the stichopus japonicus that is less than 1.0g is not suitable for carrying out freshwater soaking, stichopus japonicusThe tolerance hour salinity being changed a little less than, freshwater soaking stimulates stichopus japonicus to produce stress reaction, part stichopus japonicusOccur telling intestines phenomenon, choose the stichopus japonicus of initial body weight more than 1.0g, and while soaking according to initial body weight controlBetween, the initial larger soak time of body weight is longer, and less seed (1.0g≤initial body weight≤4.0g) can be oftenIn the time of falling pond in week, is carried out the freshwater soaking of 10min, and becoming larger seed (initial body weight > 4.0g) can adopt15min freshwater soaking, is to soak weekly once equally, in addition, the seed that body weight is less, through cultivation, thornGinseng body weight increases gradually, and in the time that body weight is greater than 4.0g, soak time is increased to the 15min, soaks and finishesAfter, transfer them in fresh seawater in time, and carry out oxygenation, treat stichopus japonicus belly sucker, back parapodumAll trail with oral area tentacle, then juvenile stichopus is splashed in corresponding culturing pool.
Embodiment mono-
For less juvenile stichopus (1.0≤initial body weight≤4.0g) freshwater soaking method of operating, concrete steps asUnder:
1, be first ready to soak fresh water used, require fresh, dechlorination and dissolved oxygen amount abundance (dissolved oxygen>=5.0mg/L), mix up water temperature (14～22 DEG C), for subsequent use.
2, fall weekly pond or change after sheet, stichopus japonicus collected with mesh bag, rinse mesh bag outside with seawater water pipe flowing water,Till treating that mesh bag oozes out impurity no longer outward, stichopus japonicus in mesh bag is put into larger container (as former 8 jinJuvenile stichopus is placed on 4m3In the cement pit of size, now can be placed in the container of 20L), body surface is had to breakageStichopus japonicus choose after, add preprepared fresh water, require fresh water not have all stichopus japonicus, and in fresh waterUninterrupted inflation, freshwater soaking 10min.
3, treat that freshwater soaking finishes, fresh water is filtered, stichopus japonicus is still retained in original container, adds correspondingSeawater in culturing pool and inflation, need seawater there all be not stichopus japonicus, recovers 3～5min, treats stichopus japonicus belly pipeFoot, back parapodum and oral area tentacle all trail, then seed is splashed in corresponding culturing pool.
4, Chi Shike carries out freshwater soaking one time at every turn, observes at any time stichopus japonicus recovery situation and growth conditions,Periodic logging stichopus japonicus survive quantity and body weight.
Embodiment bis-
For larger juvenile stichopus (initial body weight > 4.0g) freshwater soaking method of operating, concrete steps are as follows:
1, be first ready to soak fresh water used, require fresh, dechlorination and dissolved oxygen amount abundance (dissolved oxygen>=5.0mg/L), mix up water temperature (14～22 DEG C), for subsequent use.
2, fall weekly pond or change after sheet, stichopus japonicus collected with mesh bag, rinse mesh bag outside with seawater water pipe flowing water,Till treating that mesh bag oozes out impurity no longer outward, stichopus japonicus in mesh bag is put into larger container (as former 8 jinJuvenile stichopus is placed on 4m3In the cement pit of size, now can be placed in the container of 20L), body surface is had to breakageStichopus japonicus choose after, add preprepared fresh water, require fresh water not have all stichopus japonicus, and in fresh waterUninterrupted inflation, freshwater soaking 15min.
3, treat that freshwater soaking finishes, fresh water is filtered, stichopus japonicus is still retained in original container, adds correspondingSeawater in culturing pool and inflation, need seawater there all be not stichopus japonicus, recovers 3～5min, treats stichopus japonicus belly pipeFoot, back parapodum and oral area tentacle all trail, then seed is splashed in corresponding culturing pool.
4, Chi Shike carries out freshwater soaking one time at every turn, observes at any time stichopus japonicus recovery situation and growth conditions,Periodic logging stichopus japonicus survive quantity and body weight.
Experiment one
1, (every string has 6 to prepare 12 bulk containers (the great Bai bucket that volume is 60L) and 12 string net sheetsSheet net sheet), will adhere to base net sheet and put into great Bai bucket, fill it up with seawater, adopt chlorine dioxide to carry out disinfection, willChlorine dioxide adds and in each great Bai bucket, makes it dissolve with 5ppm, places after 24h and will contain chlorine dioxideSeawater is outwelled, and repeatedly rinses well by fresh seawater.
2, select the more consistent healthy juvenile stichopus of Individual Size, stichopus japonicus seedling weighs 1.14 ± 0.39g, each bucket50 stichopus japonicus of middle raising start experiment after supporting 7 days temporarily, and experiment uses nature seawater water temperature at 14～22 DEG C,Salinity 31～33, pH7.8～8.4.
3, be ready to fresh water, the control of fresh water water temperature and the nature seawater water temperature of fresh, dechlorination and dissolved oxygen amount abundanceConsistent, i.e. fresh water water temperature control is 14～22 DEG C.
4, established to four gradient: 0min, 10min, 20min and 30min, wherein 0min the freshwater soaking timeAs the control group of this experiment, each gradient is established three repetitions, and three great Bai buckets are as a gradient;Every 7 days, stichopus japonicus is all peeled off from net sheet adherance, mesh bag is collected, and puts into by above-mentioned experimental group designIn fresh water, soak, after immersion different time, add in time fresh seawater, experiment is carried out 75 days, experiment natureSeawater uninterrupted inflation in 24 hours, day is changed water once, and quantity of exchanged water is 2/3. Apostichopus japonicus Selenka feed is ooze with largeLian Fengyuan reaches the benefit ginseng treasured that bait Co., Ltd produces, and mixes in 1:1 ratio, and bait feeding amount is stichopus japonicus body weight5% left and right, and take the circumstances into consideration to adjust feeding volume depending on the situation of ingesting.
5, after each freshwater soaking, observe stichopus japonicus recovery situation and state, record the quantity that survives of stichopus japonicus, willStichopus japonicus after stretching, extension is put into original great Bai bucket.
6, within every 30 days, weigh once, record stichopus japonicus quantity and changes of weight situation, data are shown in table 1 below.
Experiment two
1, (every string has 6 to prepare 12 bulk containers (the great Bai bucket that volume is 60L) and 12 string net sheetsSheet net sheet), will adhere to base net sheet and put into great Bai bucket, fill it up with seawater, adopt chlorine dioxide to carry out disinfection, willChlorine dioxide adds and in each great Bai bucket, makes it dissolve with 5ppm, places after 24h and will contain chlorine dioxideSeawater is outwelled, and repeatedly rinses well by fresh seawater.
2, select the more consistent healthy juvenile stichopus of Individual Size, stichopus japonicus seedling weighs 1.44 ± 0.39g, each bucket50 stichopus japonicus of middle raising start experiment after supporting 7 days temporarily, and experiment uses nature seawater water temperature at 14～22 DEG C,Salinity 31～33, pH7.8～8.4.
3, be ready to fresh water, the control of fresh water water temperature and the nature seawater water temperature of fresh, dechlorination and dissolved oxygen amount abundanceConsistent, i.e. fresh water water temperature control is 14～22 DEG C.
4, established to four gradient: 0min, 5min, 10min and 15min, wherein 0min the freshwater soaking timeAs the control group of this experiment, each gradient is established three repetitions, and three great Bai buckets are as a gradient;Every 7 days, stichopus japonicus is all peeled off from net sheet adherance, mesh bag is collected, and puts into by above-mentioned experimental group designIn fresh water, soak, after immersion different time, add in time fresh seawater, experiment is carried out 75 days, experiment natureSeawater uninterrupted inflation in 24 hours, day is changed water once, and quantity of exchanged water is 2/3. Apostichopus japonicus Selenka feed is ooze with largeLian Fengyuan reaches the benefit ginseng treasured that bait Co., Ltd produces, and mixes in 1:1 ratio, and bait feeding amount is stichopus japonicus body weight5% left and right, and take the circumstances into consideration to adjust feeding volume depending on the situation of ingesting.
5, after each freshwater soaking, observe stichopus japonicus recovery situation and state, record the quantity that survives of stichopus japonicus, willStichopus japonicus after stretching, extension is put into original great Bai bucket.
6, within every 30 days, weigh once, record stichopus japonicus quantity and changes of weight situation, data are shown in table 2 below.
Experiment three
1, (every string has 6 to prepare 12 bulk containers (the great Bai bucket that volume is 60L) and 12 string net sheetsSheet net sheet), will adhere to base net sheet and put into great Bai bucket, fill it up with seawater, adopt chlorine dioxide to carry out disinfection, willChlorine dioxide adds and in each great Bai bucket, makes it dissolve with 5ppm, places after 24h and will contain chlorine dioxideSeawater is outwelled, and repeatedly rinses well by fresh seawater.
2, select the more consistent healthy juvenile stichopus of Individual Size, stichopus japonicus seedling weighs 2.32 ± 0.03g, each bucket45 stichopus japonicus of middle raising start experiment after supporting 7 days temporarily, and experiment uses nature seawater water temperature at 11～14 DEG C,Salinity 31～33, pH7.8～8.4.
3, be ready to fresh water, the control of fresh water water temperature and the nature seawater water temperature of fresh, dechlorination and dissolved oxygen amount abundanceConsistent, i.e. fresh water water temperature control is 11～14 DEG C.
4, established to four gradient: 0min, 5min, 10min and 15min, wherein 0min the freshwater soaking timeAs the control group of this experiment, each gradient is established three repetitions, and three great Bai buckets are as a gradient;Every 7 days, stichopus japonicus is all peeled off from net sheet adherance, mesh bag is collected, and puts into by above-mentioned experimental group designIn fresh water, soak, after immersion different time, add in time fresh seawater, experiment is carried out 75 days, experiment natureSeawater uninterrupted inflation in 24 hours, day is changed water once, and quantity of exchanged water is 2/3. Apostichopus japonicus Selenka feed is ooze with largeLian Fengyuan reaches the benefit ginseng treasured that bait Co., Ltd produces, and mixes in 1:1 ratio, and bait feeding amount is stichopus japonicus body weight5% left and right, and take the circumstances into consideration to adjust feeding volume depending on the situation of ingesting.
5, after each freshwater soaking, observe stichopus japonicus recovery situation and state, record the quantity that survives of stichopus japonicus, willStichopus japonicus after stretching, extension is put into original great Bai bucket.
6, within every 30 days, weigh once, record stichopus japonicus quantity and changes of weight situation, data are shown in table 3 below.
Experiment four
1, (every string has 6 to prepare 12 bulk containers (the great Bai bucket that volume is 60L) and 12 string net sheetsSheet net sheet), will adhere to base net sheet and put into great Bai bucket, fill it up with seawater, adopt chlorine dioxide to carry out disinfection, willChlorine dioxide adds and in each great Bai bucket, makes it dissolve with 5ppm, places after 24h and will contain chlorine dioxideSeawater is outwelled, and repeatedly rinses well by fresh seawater.
2, select the more consistent healthy juvenile stichopus of Individual Size, stichopus japonicus seedling weighs 2.32 ± 0.03g, each bucket45 stichopus japonicus of middle raising start experiment after supporting 7 days temporarily, and experiment uses nature seawater water temperature at 14～22 DEG C,Salinity 31～33, pH7.8～8.4.
3, be ready to fresh water, the control of fresh water water temperature and the nature seawater water temperature of fresh, dechlorination and dissolved oxygen amount abundanceConsistent, i.e. fresh water water temperature control is 14～22 DEG C.
4, established to four gradient: 0min, 5min, 10min and 15min, wherein 0min the freshwater soaking timeAs the control group of this experiment, each gradient is established three repetitions, and three great Bai buckets are as a gradient;Every 7 days, stichopus japonicus is all peeled off from net sheet adherance, mesh bag is collected, and puts into by above-mentioned experimental group designIn fresh water, soak, after immersion different time, add in time fresh seawater, experiment is carried out 75 days, experiment natureSeawater uninterrupted inflation in 24 hours, day is changed water once, and quantity of exchanged water is 2/3. Apostichopus japonicus Selenka feed is ooze with largeLian Fengyuan reaches the benefit ginseng treasured that bait Co., Ltd produces, and mixes in 1:1 ratio, and bait feeding amount is stichopus japonicus body weight5% left and right, and take the circumstances into consideration to adjust feeding volume depending on the situation of ingesting.
5, after each freshwater soaking, observe stichopus japonicus recovery situation and state, record the quantity that survives of stichopus japonicus, willStichopus japonicus after stretching, extension is put into original great Bai bucket.
6, within every 30 days, weigh once, record stichopus japonicus quantity and changes of weight situation, data are shown in table 4 below.
Experiment five
1, (every string has 6 to prepare 12 bulk containers (the great Bai bucket that volume is 60L) and 12 string net sheetsSheet net sheet), will adhere to base net sheet and put into great Bai bucket, fill it up with seawater, adopt chlorine dioxide to carry out disinfection, willChlorine dioxide adds and in each great Bai bucket, makes it dissolve with 5ppm, places after 24h and will contain chlorine dioxideSeawater is outwelled, and repeatedly rinses well by fresh seawater.
2, select the more consistent healthy juvenile stichopus of Individual Size, stichopus japonicus seedling weighs 3.84 ± 0.12g, each bucket40 stichopus japonicus of middle raising start experiment after supporting 7 days temporarily, and experiment uses nature seawater water temperature at 14～20 DEG C,Salinity 31～33, pH7.8～8.4.
3, be ready to fresh water, the control of fresh water water temperature and the nature seawater water temperature of fresh, dechlorination and dissolved oxygen amount abundanceConsistent, i.e. fresh water water temperature control is 14～20 DEG C.
4, established to four gradient: 0min, 5min, 10min and 15min, wherein 0min the freshwater soaking timeAs the control group of this experiment, each gradient is established three repetitions, and three great Bai buckets are as a gradient;Every 7 days, stichopus japonicus is all peeled off from net sheet adherance, mesh bag is collected, and puts into by above-mentioned experimental group designIn fresh water, soak, after immersion different time, add in time fresh seawater, experiment is carried out 75 days, experiment natureSeawater uninterrupted inflation in 24 hours, day is changed water once, and quantity of exchanged water is 2/3. Apostichopus japonicus Selenka feed is ooze with largeLian Fengyuan reaches the benefit ginseng treasured that bait Co., Ltd produces, and mixes in 1:1 ratio, and bait feeding amount is stichopus japonicus body weight5% left and right, and take the circumstances into consideration to adjust feeding volume depending on the situation of ingesting.
5, after each freshwater soaking, observe stichopus japonicus recovery situation and state, record the quantity that survives of stichopus japonicus, willStichopus japonicus after stretching, extension is put into original great Bai bucket.
6, within every 30 days, weigh once, record stichopus japonicus quantity and changes of weight situation, data are shown in table 5 below.
Experiment six
1, (every string has 6 to prepare 15 bulk containers (the great Bai bucket that volume is 60L) and 15 string net sheetsSheet net sheet), will adhere to base net sheet and put into great Bai bucket, fill it up with seawater, adopt chlorine dioxide to carry out disinfection, willChlorine dioxide adds and in each great Bai bucket, makes it dissolve with 5ppm, places after 24h and will contain chlorine dioxideSeawater is outwelled, and repeatedly rinses well by fresh seawater.
2, select the more consistent healthy juvenile stichopus of Individual Size, stichopus japonicus seedling weighs 4.22 ± 0.12g, each bucket40 stichopus japonicus of middle raising start experiment after supporting 7 days temporarily, and experiment uses nature seawater water temperature at 14～20 DEG C,Salinity 31～33, pH7.8～8.4.
3, be ready to fresh water, the control of fresh water water temperature and the nature seawater water temperature of fresh, dechlorination and dissolved oxygen amount abundanceConsistent, i.e. fresh water water temperature control is 14～20 DEG C.
4, established to four gradient: 0min, 5min, 10min, 15min and 20min the freshwater soaking time, itsMiddle 0min is as the control group of this experiment, and each gradient is established three repetitions, and three great Bai buckets are as oneGradient; Every 7 days, stichopus japonicus is all peeled off from net sheet adherance, mesh bag is collected, and establishes by above-mentioned experimental groupMeter is put into fresh water and is soaked, and after immersion different time, adds in time fresh seawater, and experiment is carried out 75 days, experimentWith nature seawater uninterrupted inflation in 24 hours, day is changed water once, and quantity of exchanged water is 2/3. Apostichopus japonicus Selenka feed is seaMud and Dalian Feng Yuan reach the benefit ginseng treasured that bait Co., Ltd produces, and mix in 1:1 ratio, and bait feeding amount is thorn5% left and right of ginseng body weight, and take the circumstances into consideration to adjust feeding volume depending on the situation of ingesting.
5, after each freshwater soaking, observe stichopus japonicus recovery situation and state, record the quantity that survives of stichopus japonicus, willStichopus japonicus after stretching, extension is put into original great Bai bucket.
6, within every 30 days, weigh once, record stichopus japonicus quantity and changes of weight situation, data are shown in table 6 below.
Experiment seven
1, (every string has 6 to prepare 15 bulk containers (the great Bai bucket that volume is 60L) and 15 string net sheetsSheet net sheet), will adhere to base net sheet and put into great Bai bucket, fill it up with seawater, adopt chlorine dioxide to carry out disinfection, willChlorine dioxide adds and in each great Bai bucket, makes it dissolve with 5ppm, places after 24h and will contain chlorine dioxideSeawater is outwelled, and repeatedly rinses well by fresh seawater.
2, select the more consistent healthy juvenile stichopus of Individual Size, stichopus japonicus seedling weighs 10.57 ± 0.34g, each bucket25 stichopus japonicus of middle raising start experiment after supporting 7 days temporarily, and experiment uses nature seawater water temperature at 14～20 DEG C,Salinity 31～33, pH7.8～8.4.
3, be ready to fresh water, the control of fresh water water temperature and the nature seawater water temperature of fresh, dechlorination and dissolved oxygen amount abundanceConsistent, i.e. fresh water water temperature control is 14～20 DEG C.
4, established to four gradient: 0min, 5min, 10min, 15min and 20min the freshwater soaking time, itsMiddle 0min is as the control group of this experiment, and each gradient is established three repetitions, and three great Bai buckets are as oneGradient; Every 7 days, stichopus japonicus is all peeled off from net sheet adherance, mesh bag is collected, and establishes by above-mentioned experimental groupMeter is put into fresh water and is soaked, and after immersion different time, adds in time fresh seawater, and experiment is carried out 75 days, experimentWith nature seawater uninterrupted inflation in 24 hours, day is changed water once, and quantity of exchanged water is 2/3. Apostichopus japonicus Selenka feed is seaMud and Dalian Feng Yuan reach the benefit ginseng treasured that bait Co., Ltd produces, and mix in 1:1 ratio, and bait feeding amount is thorn5% left and right of ginseng body weight, and take the circumstances into consideration to adjust feeding volume depending on the situation of ingesting.
5, after each freshwater soaking, observe stichopus japonicus recovery situation and state, record the quantity that survives of stichopus japonicus, willStichopus japonicus after stretching, extension is put into original great Bai bucket.
6, within every 30 days, weigh once, record stichopus japonicus quantity and changes of weight situation, data are shown in table 7 below.
According to following account form, the present invention is being determined as follows of stichopus japonicus growth indexes and coelomic fluid immune factorThe several forms of face (in form, all data are the result that experiment sampling in 60 days is measured):
Growth indexes mainly comprises survival rate of Apostichopus japonicus, the relative weight gain rate and specific growth rate (SGR), calculates publicFormula is: initial total quantity × 100% of quantity ÷ of survival rate=survive
The relative weight gain rate=(the initial body weight of end-body Chong –)/initial body weight × 100%
SGR (%/d)=100 × [lnW2 – lnW1]/T (W1: experiment minimum weight; W2: experiment finishes heavyAmount; T: duration of experiment).
14～22 DEG C of table 1, water temperatures, the survival rate and growth situation of initial body weight 1.14 ± 0.39g stichopus japonicus
| 0min | 10min | 20min | 30min | |
| Initial body weight (g) | 1.14±0.39 | 1.14±0.39 | 1.14±0.39 | 1.14±0.39 |
| The relative weight gain rate (%) | 110.96 | 156.7 | 135.55 | 101.66 |
| Specific growth rate (%/d) | 1.26 | 1.66 | 1.53 | 1.20 |
| Survival rate (%) | 97.63 | 98.7 | 100 | 98.5 |
14～22 DEG C of table 2, water temperatures, the survival rate and growth situation of initial body weight 1.44 ± 0.39g stichopus japonicus
| 0min | 5min | 10min | 15min | |
| Initial body weight (g) | 1.44±0.39 | 1.44±0.39 | 1.44±0.39 | 1.44±0.39 |
| The relative weight gain rate (%) | 110.96 | 135.55 | 156.7 | 134.66 |
| Specific growth rate (%/d) | 1.26 | 1.53 | 1.66 | 1.52 |
| Survival rate (%) | 97.63 | 98.7 | 100 | 98.5 |
11～14 DEG C of table 3, water temperatures, the survival rate and growth situation of initial body weight 2.32 ± 0.03g stichopus japonicus
| 0min | 5min | 10min | 15min | |
| Initial body weight (g) | 2.32±0.03 | 2.32±0.03 | 2.32±0.03 | 2.32±0.03 |
| The relative weight gain rate (%) | 3.62 | –7.47 | –10.41 | –16.18 |
| Specific growth rate (%/d) | 0.158 | –0.17 | –0.25 | –0.30 |
| Survival rate (%) | 89.5 | 75.2 | 73.4 | 69.5 |
14～22 DEG C of table 4, water temperatures, the survival rate and growth situation of initial body weight 2.32 ± 0.03g stichopus japonicus
| 0min | 5min | 10min | 15min | |
| Initial body weight (g) | 2.32±0.03 | 2.32±0.03 | 2.32±0.03 | 2.32±0.03 |
| The relative weight gain rate (%) | 109.96 | 136.52 | 154.9 | 135.66 |
| Specific growth rate (%/d) | 1.24 | 1.43 | 1.56 | 1.43 |
| Survival rate (%) | 97.33 | 98.67 | 100 | 98.7 |
14～20 DEG C of table 5, water temperatures, the survival rate and growth situation of initial body weight 3.84 ± 0.12g stichopus japonicus
| 0min | 5min | 10min | 15min | |
| Initial body weight (g) | 3.84±0.12 | 3.84±0.12 | 3.84±0.12 | 3.84±0.12 |
| The relative weight gain rate (%) | 85.72 | 94.35 | 122.58 | 111.33 |
| Specific growth rate (%/d) | 1.03 | 1.13 | 1.34 | 1.23 |
| Survival rate (%) | 96.5 | 97.6 | 98.7 | 98.5 |
14～20 DEG C of table 6, water temperatures, the survival rate and growth situation of initial body weight 4.22 ± 0.12g stichopus japonicus
14～20 DEG C of table 7, water temperatures, the survival rate and growth situation of initial body weight 10.57 ± 0.34g stichopus japonicus stichopus japonicus
14～20 DEG C of table 8, water temperatures, after initial body weight 4.22 ± 0.12g stichopus japonicus freshwater soaking, body surface bacterial number is measured
The mensuration of stichopus japonicus coelomic fluid immune factor of the present invention
The assay method of superoxide dismutase (SOD), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), lysozyme (LSZ) adoptsBiological Co., Ltd testing cassete is built up in Nanjing, and by specification method of testing is measured.
14～20 DEG C of table 9, water temperatures, initial body weight 4.22 ± 0.12g stichopus japonicus freshwater soaking posterior coelom liquid immune factor is surveyedFixed
Note: table 8 has significant difference (P < 0.05) with the different representatives of numeral top letter of going together in table 9, identicalThere was no significant difference (P > 0.05).
Draw to draw a conclusion according to above-mentioned contrast experiment and analysis of experimental data:
1, show according to table 3 and table 4 experimental data, stichopus japonicus in the time of freshwater soaking, the suitable freshwater soaking timeFor 10min, water temperature is during lower than 14 DEG C of left and right, stichopus japonicus poor growth, and freshwater soaking can not promote stichopus japonicus growth,Can stimulate on the contrary stichopus japonicus to produce stress reaction, cause stichopus japonicus to tell intestines, affect stichopus japonicus growth. Therefore, fresh water soaksSteeping suitable temperature is controlled at more than 14 DEG C.
2, show according to table 1 data, stichopus japonicus is under suitable growth temperature, and the freshwater soaking time is no more than 20min;Show according to table 2, table 4, table 5, table 6 and table 7 experimental data, stichopus japonicus carries out under suitable growth temperatureFreshwater soaking, stichopus japonicus is divided into 1.0≤initial body weight≤4.0g and initial body weight > 4.0g according to initial body weight,The suitable freshwater soaking time is respectively 10min and 15min, thus the protection effect that can reach.
3, show according to table 6 and table 8 data, stichopus japonicus freshwater soaking under suitable growth temperature is described, stichopus japonicusThe amount of vibrio conspicuousness of body surface reduces (p < 0.05), and amount of vibrio reduces approximately 50% compared with control group, stichopus japonicus bodyTotal amount of bacteria of table is also greatly lower, reduces approximately 80% compared with control group.
4, show according to table 6 and table 9 data, stichopus japonicus freshwater soaking under suitable growth temperature is described, significantlyImprove the activity (p < 0.05) of stichopus japonicus partial immunity index.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, in order to limit the present invention, not all at thisWithin bright spirit and principle, any amendment of doing, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included in thisWithin bright protection domain.
Claims (7)
1. a stichopus japonicus disease prevention and cure method for environmental protection, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
Step 1: the fresh water that immersion seed is used carries out dechlorination, dissolved oxygen and controls water temperature;
Step 2: choose body weight >=1.0g juvenile stichopus classification, be soaked in above-mentioned steps 1 after removal of contaminationIn the fresh water obtaining, and in immersion process to light Aeration in the water;
Step 3: treat that freshwater soaking finishes, fresh water is outwelled, add seawater inflation in corresponding culturing pool,Recover 3～5min, treat that seed belly sucker, back parapodum and oral area tentacle all trail, then seed is sprinkledSpill in corresponding culturing pool.
2. the stichopus japonicus disease prevention and cure method of environmental protection as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that described stepIn 1, dechlorination is for passing through the dechlorination of air pump aeration.
3. the stichopus japonicus disease prevention and cure method of environmental protection as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that described stepIn 1, the oxygen dissolved of fresh water is more than 5mg/L.
4. the stichopus japonicus disease prevention and cure method of environmental protection as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that described stepIn 1, soak seed fresh water temperature and be controlled at 14～22 DEG C, and seawater in fresh water water temperature culturing pool corresponding to seedWater temperature is consistent.
5. the stichopus japonicus disease prevention and cure method of environmental protection as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that described immersionThe optimum water temperature of seed fresh water temperature is 15～20 DEG C.
6. the stichopus japonicus disease prevention and cure method of environmental protection as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that described stepAt the beginning of being divided into following two-stage: 1.0g≤initial body weight≤4.0g, 4.0g < according to the initial body weight of juvenile stichopus in 2Initial body weight, and soak the different time according to classification.
7. the stichopus japonicus disease prevention and cure method of environmental protection as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that juvenile stichopusInitial body weight is 1.0g≤initial body weight≤4.0g, soak time be every seven days once, soak duration at every turn and be10min; The initial body weight of juvenile stichopus is the initial body weight of 4.0g <, soak time be every seven days once, soak at every turnBubble duration is 15min.
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