CN104091929A - WS2 nano-tile/graphene electrochemical magnesium storage composite electrode and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
WS2 nano-tile/graphene electrochemical magnesium storage composite electrode and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104091929A CN104091929A CN201410340139.0A CN201410340139A CN104091929A CN 104091929 A CN104091929 A CN 104091929A CN 201410340139 A CN201410340139 A CN 201410340139A CN 104091929 A CN104091929 A CN 104091929A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1397—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
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- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
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- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses a WS2 nano-tile/graphene electrochemical magnesium storage composite electrode and a preparation method thereof, wherein an electrochemical magnesium storage active substance is a WS2 nano-tile and graphene composite nanomaterial; the ratio of the amount of substance of WS2 nano-tile to the graphene in the composite nanomaterial is (1: 1)-(1: 3); the WS2 nano-tile has few layers and averagely has 4 layers; the composite electrode comprises the following components by weight percent: 80% of the WS2 nano-tile/graphene composite nanomaterial, 10% of acetylene black, 5% of carboxymethyl cellulose and 5% of polyvinylidene fluoride. The preparation method comprises the steps of firstly, preparing the WS2 nano-tile/graphene composite nanomaterial, mixing the obtained composite nanomaterial with the acetylene black and the polyvinylidene fluoride to prepare paste, evenly coating foamy copper taken as a current collector with the paste, carrying out vacuum drying, and rolling to obtain the electrochemical magnesium storage composite electrode. The electrochemical magnesium storage composite electrode has the high reversible magnesium storage capacity, excellent cycle performance and improved multiplying power, and is wide in application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electrochemistry storage magnesium combination electrode and preparation method thereof, relate in particular to WS
2nanometer watt/Graphene electrochemistry storage magnesium nano material combination electrode and preparation method thereof, belongs to technical field of new energy application.
Background technology
Along with the development of modern mobile communication, new-energy automobile and intelligent grid, novel chemical power source has played more and more important effect in modern society.Traditional secondary cell, if lead acid accumulator is because it is containing harmful metallic element Pb, its application is restricted.Lithium ion battery has the excellent properties such as high specific energy, memory-less effect, environmental friendliness, in the Portable movable electrical equipment such as mobile phone and notebook computer, is widely used.As electrokinetic cell, lithium ion battery is also with a wide range of applications at aspects such as electric bicycle, electric automobile and intelligent grids.But due to the fail safe of lithium ion battery solution carefully and lithium resource limited never, lithium ion battery still also exists a lot of work to do as the extensive use of electrokinetic cell and storage battery.Along with the development of new-energy automobile and the large-scale application of storage battery substitute the secondary cell of a kind of cheapness, environmental friendliness and the height ratio capacity of existing secondary cell system in the urgent need to finding a kind of energy.Because divalence magnesium ion has less radius, can electrochemical intercalation and the de-compound that is embedded in some layer of structure, as: inorganic transition metal oxide, sulfide etc.Magnesium also has aboundresources in addition, cheap, specific energy is high, nontoxic and process the advantages such as convenient.Therefore, rechargeable magnesium ion battery also becomes the research system of a new secondary cell in recent years.But up to the present as the electrode material of high performance electrochemistry storage magnesium still seldom.
WS
2having and layer structure like graphite-like, is the S-W-S of covalent bonds in its layer, is weak Van der Waals force between layers.WS
2weak interlaminar action power and larger interlamellar spacing allow to be reacted at its interlayer and introduced external atom or molecule by insertion.Such characteristic makes WS
2material can be used as the material of main part that inserts reaction.Therefore, WS
2it is a kind of electrode material of rising electrochemistry storage magnesium.But general WS
2nano material electrochemistry storage magnesium performance can't meet practical application, and its electrochemistry storage magnesium capacity is lower, only has 50-60 mAh/g.
Two-dimensional nano material has the characteristic of numerous excellences with its unique pattern, its research has caused people's very big interest.Graphene is most typical two-dimensional nano material, and its unique two-dimensional nano chip architecture makes the performances such as physics, chemistry and mechanics of its numerous uniquenesses, has important scientific research meaning and technology application prospect widely.Graphene has high specific area, high conduction and heat conductivility, high charge mobility, excellent mechanical property, these excellent characteristics make Graphene be with a wide range of applications in fields such as nano electron device, novel catalyst material and electrochemistry energy storage and energy conversion.
The immense success that the discovery of Graphene and research thereof obtain has excited the very big interest of people to other inorganic two-dimensional nano investigations of materials, as the transition metal dichalcogenide of individual layer or few number of plies etc.Recently, Graphene concept has expanded to the inorganic compound of other layer structures from material with carbon element, namely for the inorganic material of layer structure, when its number of plies reduces (below 8 layers), while especially reducing to individual layer, its electronic property or band structure can produce obvious variation, thereby cause it to show the physics and chemistry characteristic different from corresponding body phase material.Except Graphene, as body phase WS
2reduce to few number of plies when individual layer (especially), shown and the visibly different physics of body phase material, chemical characteristic.Research shows the WS of individual layer or few number of plies
2nanometer sheet has better electrochemistry storage magnesium performance.But as the electrode material of electrochemistry storage magnesium, WS
2low electric conductivity between layers affected the performance of its application.
Due to WS
2nanometer sheet and Graphene have similar two-dimensional nano sheet pattern, and both have good similitude on microscopic appearance and crystal structure.If by WS
2the composite material of nanometer sheet and the compound preparation of Graphene, the high conduction performance of graphene nanometer sheet can further improve the electric conductivity of composite material, strengthen the electronics transmission in electrochemistry storage magnesium electrode course of reaction, can further improve the electrochemistry storage magnesium performance of composite material.With common WS
2nanometer sheet comparison, the WS of little nanometer watt shape pattern
2not only there is more edge, more short magnesium ion diffusion admittance can be provided, and load on Graphene, there is more contact area with electrolyte.So WS
2the composite nano materials of nanometer watt/Graphene can show the electrochemistry storage magnesium performance of remarkable enhancing.
But, up to the present, use WS
2nanometer watt/Graphene composite nano materials have not been reported as electrochemistry storage magnesium combination electrode and the preparation thereof of electroactive substance.First the present invention is raw material with graphene oxide and sulfo-ammonium tungstate, and the hydrothermal method of assisting by Gemini surface active agent and heat treatment subsequently, prepared WS
2the composite nano materials of nanometer watt/Graphene, then uses WS
2the composite nano materials of nanometer watt/Graphene, as the active material of electrochemistry storage magnesium, has been prepared the combination electrode of electrochemistry storage magnesium.The present invention prepares WS
2the method of nanometer watt/graphene nano material electrochemical storage magnesium combination electrode has simply, facilitates and be easy to expand industrial applications a little.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of WS
2-nanometer watt/Graphene electrochemistry storage magnesium combination electrode and preparation method thereof, the electrochemistry storage magnesium active material of combination electrode is WS
2-the composite nano materials of nanometer watt/Graphene, WS in composite nano materials
2the ratio of the amount of substance of nanometer watt and Graphene is 1:1-1:3, described WS
2the nanometer watt layer structure for few number of plies, the component of combination electrode and mass percentage content thereof are: WS
2nanometer watt/Graphene composite nano materials 80%, acetylene black 10%, carboxymethyl cellulose 5%, Kynoar 5%.
In technique scheme, the layer structure of few number of plies refers to that the number of plies is in the layer structure below 6 layers or 6 layers, described WS
2the average number of plies of nanometer watt is 4 layers.
Above-mentioned WS
2-the preparation method of nanometer watt/Graphene electrochemistry storage magnesium combination electrode comprises the following steps:
(1) be dispersed in deionized water graphene oxide is ultrasonic, add the two ammonium bromides (seeing accompanying drawing 1) of Gemini surface active agent N-dodecyl trimethylene diamine, and fully stir, then add successively Cys and sulfo-ammonium tungstate, and constantly stir Cys and sulfo-ammonium tungstate are dissolved completely, the ratio of the amount of substance of Cys and sulfo-ammonium tungstate consumption is 5:1, and sulfo-ammonium tungstate is 1:1-1:3 with the ratio of the amount of substance of graphene oxide;
(2) mixed dispersion step (1) being obtained is transferred in hydrothermal reaction kettle, and add deionized water to adjust volume to 80% of hydrothermal reaction kettle nominal volume, the concentration of the two ammonium bromides of Gemini surface active agent N-dodecyl trimethylene diamine is 0.01 ~ 0.02 mol/L, the content of graphene oxide is 30-65 mmol/L, this reactor is put in constant temperature oven, at 230-250 ℃ after hydro-thermal reaction 24 h, allow it naturally cool to room temperature, with centrifugation, collect hydro-thermal reaction solid product, and fully wash with deionized water, vacuumize at 100 ℃, by the hydro-thermal reaction solid product obtaining in nitrogen/hydrogen mixed gas atmosphere at 800 ℃ heat treatment 2 h, in mist, hydrogen volume mark is 10%, finally prepare WS
2the composite nano materials of nanometer watt/Graphene,
(3) by the WS of above-mentioned preparation
2nanometer watt/Graphene composite nano materials is as the electrochemistry storage magnesium active material of preparing combination electrode, under agitation fully mix the uniform pastel of furnishing with the 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE solution of the Kynoar of acetylene black, carboxymethyl cellulose and mass fraction 5%, each constituent mass percentage is: WS
2nanometer watt/Graphene composite nano materials 80%, acetylene black 10%, carboxymethyl cellulose 5%, Kynoar 5%, is coated onto this pastel on the foam copper of collector equably, vacuumize at 110 ℃, roll extrusion obtains WS
2nanometer watt/Graphene electrochemistry storage magnesium combination electrode.
Above-mentioned graphene oxide adopts improved Hummers method preparation.
Hydrothermal method with the two ammonium bromides assistance of Gemini surface active agent N-dodecyl trimethylene diamine of the present invention is prepared WS
2the method of nanometer watt/Graphene composite nano materials has the following advantages: graphene oxide surface and edge with a lot of oxygen-containing functional groups (as hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl), these oxygen-containing functional groups are more easily dispersed in water or organic liquid graphene oxide, but these oxygen-containing functional groups make graphene oxide surface with negative electrical charge, make graphene oxide with the WS of negative electrical charge
4 2-ion is incompatible, and the present invention is first adsorbed onto graphene oxide surface by the two ammonium bromides of Gemini surface active agent N-dodecyl trimethylene diamine by electrostatic interaction, makes it with part positive charge, due to electrostatic interaction, and WS
4 2-ion is just easy to interact and combine with the graphene oxide that has adsorbed Gemini surface active agent.The more important thing is, compare with common single cationic surfactant, in the two ammonium bromides of Gemini surface active agent N-dodecyl trimethylene diamine, there are 2 positively charged quaternary ammonium hydrophilic radicals, there is enough hydrophilies, and between electronegative graphene oxide, there is stronger mutual electrostatic interaction; The two ammonium bromides of N-dodecyl trimethylene diamine also have 2 hydrophobic long alkyl chain groups (seeing accompanying drawing 1), and its hydrophobicity is stronger.The two ammonium bromides of N-dodecyl trimethylene diamine are adsorbed on Graphene surface, and its hydrophobic grouping exists (seeing accompanying drawing 2) with irregular " brush head " form of bending, and this version has caused water-heat process and heat treatment back loading at the WS on Graphene surface
2the pattern with nanometer watt.This undersized WS
2nanometer watt has more edge, as electrochemistry storage magnesium material, can provide more short magnesium ion diffusion admittance, contributes to strengthen its electrochemistry storage magnesium performance; In addition, WS
2nanometer watt/graphene composite material can increase the contact area of itself and electrolyte, can further contribute to improve its chemical property.So the present invention WS
2the electrochemistry storage magnesium combination electrode that nanometer watt/graphene composite material is prepared as electroactive substance has high electrochemistry storage magnesium capacity, excellent cycle performance and significantly strengthen large current density electrical characteristics.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The two ammonium bromide structural representations of Fig. 1 Gemini surface active agent N-dodecyl trimethylene diamine
Fig. 2 Gemini surface active agent is adsorbed on the schematic diagram on graphene oxide surface.
The WS that Fig. 3 embodiment 1 prepares
2the XRD figure (a) of nanometer watt/Graphene composite nano materials, SEM shape appearance figure (b) and transmission electron microscope photo (c, d).
WS prepared by the comparative example of Fig. 4 embodiment 1
2the TEM of nanometer sheet and Graphene composite nano materials and HRTEM photo.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, further illustrate the present invention.
Graphene oxide in following example adopts improved Hummers method preparation: 0
ounder C ice bath, 10.0 mmol (0.12 g) graphite powder dispersed with stirring, in the 50 mL concentrated sulfuric acids, is slowly added to KMnO under constantly stirring
4, institute adds KMnO
4quality be 4 times of graphite powder, stir 50 minutes, when temperature rises to 35 ℃, slowly add 50 mL deionized waters, then stir 30 minutes, add the H of 15 mL mass fractions 30%
2o
2, stir 30 minutes, through centrifugation, after HCl solution, deionized water and the acetone cyclic washing with mass fraction 5%, obtain graphene oxide successively.
Embodiment 1
1) be dispersed in 60 mL deionized waters 2.5 mmol graphene oxides are ultrasonic, add again the two ammonium bromides of 0.8 mmol Gemini surface active agent N-dodecyl trimethylene diamine, and fully stir, then add successively 0.76 g (6.25 mmol) Cys and 1.25 mmol sulfo-ammonium tungstates, and constantly stir Cys and sulfo-ammonium tungstate are dissolved completely, with deionized water, adjust volume to approximately 80 mL;
2) resulting mixed liquor is transferred in the hydrothermal reaction kettle of 100 mL, this reactor is put in constant temperature oven, at 230 ℃ after hydro-thermal reaction 24 h, allow it naturally cool to room temperature, with centrifugation, collect solid product, and fully wash with deionized water, vacuumize at 100 ℃, by resulting solid product in nitrogen/hydrogen mixed gas atmosphere at 800 ℃ heat treatment 2h, in mist, the volume fraction of hydrogen is 10%, prepares WS
2the composite nano materials of nanometer watt/Graphene, WS in composite nano materials
2with the ratio of Graphene amount of substance be 1:2, with XRD, SEM and TEM are to the prepared WS that obtains
2the composite nano materials of nanometer watt/Graphene characterizes, XRD analysis result (seeing accompanying drawing 3(a)) show WS in composite nano materials
2the nanometer watt layer structure for few number of plies, the average number of plies is 4 layers; SEM pattern (seeing accompanying drawing 3(b)) and transmission electron microscope photo (seeing accompanying drawing 3(c), (d)) also shown the WS loading on Graphene
2have little nanometer watt pattern, its number of plies is at 3-6 layer, and most numbers of plies are 4 layers, consistent with XRD analysis;
3) by the WS of above-mentioned preparation
2nanometer watt/Graphene composite nano materials is as the electrode active material of electrochemistry storage magnesium, under agitation fully mix the uniform pastel of furnishing with the 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE solution of the Kynoar of acetylene black, carboxymethyl cellulose and mass fraction 5%, this pastel is coated onto equably on the foam copper of collector, vacuumize at 110 ℃, then roll extrusion obtains WS
2nanometer watt/Graphene electrochemistry storage magnesium combination electrode, in combination electrode, each constituent mass percentage is: WS
2nanometer watt/Graphene composite nano materials 80%, acetylene black 10%, carboxymethyl cellulose 5%, Kynoar 5%.
Electrochemistry storage magnesium performance test: take combination electrode as work electrode, as to electrode, electrolyte is the Mg[AlCl of 0.25 mol/L with metal magnesium sheet
2(C
4h
9) (C
2h
5)]
2tetrahydrofuran solution be electrolyte, porous polypropylene film (Celguard-2300) is barrier film, in being full of the suitcase of argon gas, is assembled into test battery.By the electrochemistry storage magnesium performance of constant current charge-discharge test compound electrode, charge and discharge cycles is carried out on programme controlled auto charge and discharge instrument, charging and discharging currents density 50 mA/g, voltage range 0.3 ~ 3.0 V.Electrochemical results shows: WS
2the initial reversible capacity of electrochemistry storage magnesium of nanometer watt/graphene combination electrode is 278 mAh/g, and after 50 circulations, reversible capacity is 262 mAh/g, has shown high specific capacity and excellent stable circulation performance; When high current charge-discharge (charging and discharging currents is 800 mA/g), its capacity is 225 mAh/g, has shown its high power charging-discharging characteristic (with comparative example comparison below) significantly strengthening.
Comparative example
Adopt DTAB cationic surfactant, by above-mentioned similar approach, prepared WS
2nanometer sheet/Graphene electrochemistry storage magnesium nano material combination electrode, concrete preparation process is as follows:
Be dispersed in 60 mL deionized waters 2.5 mmol graphene oxides are ultrasonic, add again 1.6 mmol DTAB cationic surfactants, and fully stir, then add successively 0.76 g (6.25 mmol) Cys and 1.25 mmol sulfo-ammonium tungstates, and constantly stir Cys and sulfo-ammonium tungstate are dissolved completely, with deionized water, adjust volume to approximately 80 mL, resulting mixed liquor is transferred in the hydrothermal reaction kettle of 100 mL, this reactor is put in constant temperature oven, at 230 ℃ after hydro-thermal reaction 24 h, allow it naturally cool to room temperature, with centrifugation, collect solid product, and fully wash with deionized water, vacuumize at 100 ℃, by resulting solid product in nitrogen/hydrogen mixed gas atmosphere at 800 ℃ heat treatment 2h, in mist, the volume fraction of hydrogen is 10%, prepare WS
2the nano composite material of nanometer sheet/Graphene, WS in composite nano materials
2with the ratio of the amount of substance of Graphene be 1:2.With XRD, SEM and TEM are to finally preparing WS
2the nano composite material of nanometer sheet/Graphene characterizes, and XRD analysis result shows WS in composite nano materials
2for layer structure, its average number of plies is 7 layers, and TEM and HRTEM photo (seeing accompanying drawing 4, is (a) TEM photo, is (b) HRTEM photo) have shown the WS loading on Graphene
2for nanometer sheet pattern, its thickness and plane sizes are not so good as WS above
2nanometer watt evenly, WS
2the number of plies of nanometer sheet is mainly at 6-9 layer, and the average number of plies is 7 layers, consistent with XRD analysis.
With prepared WS2 nanometer sheet/Graphene composite nano materials, be electrochemistry storage magnesium active material, by above-mentioned steps 3) process prepare WS
2nanometer sheet/Graphene electrochemistry storage magnesium combination electrode, and test its electrochemistry storage magnesium performance by aforementioned identical electrochemistry storage magnesium method of testing.Result shows: WS
2the initial reversible capacity of nanometer sheet/Graphene electrochemistry storage magnesium combination electrode electrochemistry storage magnesium is that 173 mAh/g(charging and discharging currents are 50 mA/g), after 50 circulations, reversible capacity is 155 mAh/g; When high current charge-discharge (charging and discharging currents is 800 mA/g), its capacity is 103 mAh/g.
Claims (3)
1. a WS
2-nanometer watt/Graphene electrochemistry storage magnesium combination electrode, is characterized in that, the electrochemistry storage magnesium active material of combination electrode is WS
2-the composite nano materials of nanometer watt/Graphene, WS in composite nano materials
2the ratio of the amount of substance of nanometer watt and Graphene is 1:1-1:3, WS
2the nanometer watt layer structure for few number of plies, the component of combination electrode and mass percentage content thereof are: WS
2nanometer watt/Graphene composite nano materials 80%, acetylene black 10%, carboxymethyl cellulose 5%, Kynoar 5%.
2. WS according to claim 1
2-nanometer watt/Graphene electrochemistry storage magnesium combination electrode, is characterized in that described WS
2the average number of plies of nanometer watt is 4 layers.
3. WS described in a claim 1 or 2
2the preparation method of-nanometer watt/Graphene electrochemistry storage magnesium combination electrode, is characterized in that, its preparation method carries out according to the following steps:
(1) be dispersed in deionized water graphene oxide is ultrasonic, add the two ammonium bromides of Gemini surface active agent N-dodecyl trimethylene diamine, and fully stir, then add successively Cys and sulfo-ammonium tungstate, and constantly stir Cys and sulfo-ammonium tungstate are dissolved completely, the ratio of the amount of substance of Cys and sulfo-ammonium tungstate consumption is 5:1, and sulfo-ammonium tungstate is 1:1-1:3 with the ratio of the amount of substance of graphene oxide;
(2) mixed dispersion step (1) being obtained is transferred in hydrothermal reaction kettle, and add deionized water to adjust volume to 80% of hydrothermal reaction kettle nominal volume, the concentration of the two ammonium bromides of Gemini surface active agent N-dodecyl trimethylene diamine is 0.01 ~ 0.02 mol/L, the content of graphene oxide is 30-65 mmol/L, this reactor is put in constant temperature oven, at 230-250 ℃ after hydro-thermal reaction 24 h, allow it naturally cool to room temperature, with centrifugation, collect hydro-thermal solid product, and fully wash with deionized water, vacuumize at 100 ℃, by the hydro-thermal solid product obtaining in nitrogen/hydrogen mixed gas atmosphere at 800 ℃ heat treatment 2 h, in mist, hydrogen volume mark is 10%, finally prepare WS
2the composite nano materials of nanometer watt/Graphene,
(3) by the WS of above-mentioned preparation
2nanometer watt/Graphene composite nano materials is as the electrochemistry storage magnesium active material of preparing combination electrode, under agitation fully mix the uniform pastel of furnishing with the 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE solution of the Kynoar of acetylene black, carboxymethyl cellulose and mass fraction 5%, this pastel is coated onto equably on the foam copper of collector, vacuumize at 110 ℃, roll extrusion obtains WS
2nanometer watt/Graphene electrochemistry storage magnesium combination electrode.
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