CN104091909A - 一种含有硬塑的复合聚合物纤维隔膜 - Google Patents

一种含有硬塑的复合聚合物纤维隔膜 Download PDF

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CN104091909A
CN104091909A CN201410287982.7A CN201410287982A CN104091909A CN 104091909 A CN104091909 A CN 104091909A CN 201410287982 A CN201410287982 A CN 201410287982A CN 104091909 A CN104091909 A CN 104091909A
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barrier film
diaphragm
electrostatic spinning
hard plastic
polymeric matrix
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王丹
荣常如
于力娜
赵中令
张克金
陈慧明
张斌
崔新然
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FAW Group Corp
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    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
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    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
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    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/70Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
    • D04H1/72Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged
    • D04H1/728Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged by electro-spinning
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/403Manufacturing processes of separators, membranes or diaphragms
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种含有硬塑的复合聚合物纤维隔膜,其特征在于具体步骤如下:隔膜由聚合物基体和填料通过静电纺丝而成,首先聚合物基体溶于丙酮,NMP,DMF中的一种或组合溶剂,丙酮/NMP/DMF=0~1/0~1/0~1制成聚合物/溶剂质量比=0.15~0.30)的溶液,加入不溶于该溶剂的聚合物颗粒,利用超声、机械搅拌等将填料均匀分散在聚合物基体溶液中,分散液通过静电纺丝喷涂制成隔膜,即静电纺丝采用电压为18kV~22kV,收集距离为17cm~18cm,纺丝速度为0.08mL~0.1mL;通过阵列针头同时纺丝的方法来获得大面积的隔膜。添加的聚合物颗粒改善了隔膜的机械性能,得到的隔膜具有较高的孔隙率,有利于电解质离子的扩散传输;当电池内部温度持续升高,聚合物颗粒处于熔融状态,会进一步阻止电解质离子的传输,降低电池的化学反应,提高电池的安全性。

Description

一种含有硬塑的复合聚合物纤维隔膜
技术领域
本发明涉及一种含有硬塑的复合聚合物纤维隔膜,应用于汽车动力电池的隔膜,属于新能源技术领域。
背景技术
混合动力车、纯电动汽车及燃料电池车等节能及新能源汽车成为比较好的发展途径。然而,安全可靠性、寿命、续驶里程、成本以及公共配套设施等极大限制了新能源汽车的快速发展,这其中尤以动力电池的技术突破及规模化应用最为关键。锂离子电池具有比能量高、工作电压高、自放电率小、环境友好等优点,是新能源汽车用理想动力电池。但由于使用液体电解质溶液,使锂离子电池存在安全隐患,限制了其在汽车上的规模化推广。作为隔膜锂电池的关键部件之一,对电池的安全性能起到重要作用。
介于正负极之间的隔膜具有电解质离子传输通道,防止正负极接触短路的作用。然而目前所使用的聚烯烃类隔膜在电池温度过高时熔融封闭微孔,阻隔电解质离子的传输,规避安全风险;但由于聚烯烃本身的耐热性能较差,随着温度的急剧升高,聚烯烃类聚合物形成的保护遭到破坏,失去保护功能;而聚烯烃隔膜本身被杂质(或支晶)等刺破后,同样会使安全隐患急剧增加。
为了改变这种因为隔膜破坏引起的安全问题,人们进行了一系列研究,一方面,对现有隔膜改性,提高隔膜机械性能和耐热性能,例如隔膜表面涂覆无机粒子或者聚合物与无机粒子制成复合材料(例如US 8409746 B2,EP 2528139 A2,EP 2528142 A2,US7691529 B2,US 20130065132 A1);另一方面,以耐温等级更高,机械性能更好的聚合物制备隔膜(例如公开号CN 101645497A、公开号CN 101420018A、申请公布号CN 101752539 A、申请公布号CN 101752540 A),作为隔膜本身的聚合物材料可以发生类似闭孔作用的反应(例如公开号US2012/0295154 A1),或者加入其他可实现闭孔作用的聚合物等(例如公开号CN 101656306A,公开号US2013/0022858 A1)。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种含有硬塑的复合聚合物纤维隔膜,该隔膜由聚合物基体和填料通过静电纺丝而成,有利于电解质离子的扩散传输;降低电池的化学反应,提高电池的安全性。
本发明技术方案是这样实现的:一种含有硬塑的复合聚合物纤维隔膜,其特征在于具体步骤如下:隔膜由聚合物基体和填料通过静电纺丝而成,首先聚合物基体溶于丙酮,NMP,DMF中的一种或组合溶剂,丙酮/NMP/DMF=0~1/0~1/0~1制成聚合物/溶剂质量比=0.15~0.30)的溶液,加入不溶于该溶剂的聚合物颗粒,利用超声、机械搅拌等将填料均匀分散在聚合物基体溶液中,分散液通过静电纺丝喷涂制成隔膜,即静电纺丝采用电压为18kV~22kV,收集距离为17cm~18cm,纺丝速度为0.08mL~0.1mL;通过阵列针头同时纺丝的方法来获得大面积的隔膜。
所述的聚合物基体为聚偏氟乙烯、聚偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯、羧甲基纤维素钠、聚环氧乙烯中的一种或它们的组合其质量比 0~1/0~1)。
所述的填料为熔融温度180℃以上的聚合物颗粒,为聚醚酮、聚醚醚酮,聚醚醚酮酮,聚醚酮醚酮酮、聚苯并噻唑、聚苯并咪唑、聚苯硫醚中的一种或它们的组合。
本发明的积极效果是采用静电纺丝技术将聚合物基体与聚合物颗粒填料制成隔膜,添加的聚合物颗粒改善了隔膜的机械性能,得到的隔膜具有较高的孔隙率,有利于电解质离子的扩散传输;当电池内部温度持续升高,聚合物颗粒处于熔融状态,会进一步阻止电解质离子的传输,降低电池的化学反应,提高电池的安全性。
附图说明
图1是本发明的隔膜制备流程图。
图2是本发明的实施例1的隔膜在90℃、135℃、165℃环境下各加热1h的照片。
图3是本发明的实施例1的隔膜SEM照片。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的实施方式进行描述,所述的实施例只是对本发明的权利要求的具体描述,权利要求包括但不限于所述的实施例内容。
实施例1 
(1)如图1将6.0g PVDF-HFP溶解在40g丙酮中,经加热35℃~45℃、强力搅拌4h,充分溶解;(2)加入超细聚醚醚酮酮0.60g,继续加热至硬质颗粒在浆料中均匀分散、搅拌6h;得到分散性较好的静电纺丝溶液;(3)将厚度为25um的微孔膜固定在纺丝机的旋转轴上,将(2)中的纺丝液在直流电压为18KV,收集距离为18cm,流速为0.1mL/min条件下,静电纺丝;(4)取下膜将其高温辊压后,在70℃真空烘干2h。以该实施例制备的隔膜进行了热收缩试验。从图2中可以看出:该隔膜在90℃、135℃及165℃下几乎无收缩,可见该隔膜耐热性良好,可以提高电池的安全性能。     
实施例2
(1)将6.0g 聚偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯溶解在20gDMF和20g丙酮中,经加热、强力搅拌,待其充分溶解;(2)向(1)加入粒径100μm的聚醚醚酮0.2g,继续加热、搅拌8h, 得到分散性较好的静电纺丝溶液;(3)将(2)中的纺丝液在直流电压为22KV,收集距离为18cm,流速为0.08mL/min条件下,静电纺丝;(4)取下膜将其高温辊压后,在80℃真空烘干2h。
实施例3
(1)将6.0g 聚偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯溶解在38g丙酮中,经加热、强力搅拌,待其充分溶解;(2)向(1)加入粒径120μm的聚醚酮和聚苯并咪唑的混合物0.60g,继续加热、搅拌8h;(3)将(2)中的纺丝液在直流电压为21KV,收集距离为17cm,流速为0.1mL/min条件下,静电纺丝;(5)取下膜将其高温辊压后,在80℃真空烘干2h。
实施例4
(1)将6.0g聚偏氟乙烯溶解在20g NMP和20g丙酮中,经加热、强力搅拌,待其充分溶解;(2)向(1)加入粒径100μm的聚苯硫醚和聚苯并咪唑的混合物0.6g,继续加热、搅拌8h,得到分散性较好的静电纺丝溶液;(3)将(2)中的纺丝液在直流电压为20KV,收集距离为18cm,流速为0.1mL/min条件下,静电纺丝;(4)取下膜将其高温辊压后,在75℃真空烘干2h。
实施例5
(1)将6.0g 聚偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯溶解在40g NMP中,经加热、强力搅拌,待其充分溶解;(2)向(1)加入粒径100μm的聚醚酮醚酮酮和聚苯并噻唑的混合物0.35g,继续加热、搅拌8h,得到分散性较好的静电纺丝溶液;(3)将(2)中的纺丝液在直流电压为18KV,收集距离为17.5cm,流速为0.1mL/min条件下,静电纺丝;(4)取下膜将其高温辊压后,在75℃真空烘干2h。

Claims (3)

1.一种含有硬塑的复合聚合物纤维隔膜,其特征在于具体步骤如下:隔膜由聚合物基体和填料通过静电纺丝而成,首先聚合物基体溶于丙酮,NMP,DMF中的一种或组合溶剂,丙酮/NMP/DMF=0~1/0~1/0~1制成聚合物/溶剂质量比=0.15~0.30的溶液,加入不溶于该溶剂的聚合物颗粒,利用超声、机械搅拌等将填料均匀分散在聚合物基体溶液中,分散液通过静电纺丝喷涂制成隔膜,即静电纺丝采用电压为18kV~22kV,收集距离为17cm~18cm,纺丝速度为0.08mL~0.1mL;通过阵列针头同时纺丝的方法来获得大面积的隔膜。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种含有硬塑的复合聚合物纤维隔膜,其特征在于所述的聚合物基体为聚偏氟乙烯、聚偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯、羧甲基纤维素钠、聚环氧乙烯中的一种或它们的组合其质量比 0~1/0~1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种含有硬塑的复合聚合物纤维隔膜,其特征在于所述的填料为熔融温度180℃以上的聚合物颗粒,为聚醚酮、聚醚醚酮,聚醚醚酮酮,聚醚酮醚酮酮、聚苯并噻唑、聚苯并咪唑、聚苯硫醚中的一种或它们的组合。
CN201410287982.7A 2014-06-25 2014-06-25 一种含有硬塑的复合聚合物纤维隔膜 Pending CN104091909A (zh)

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Cited By (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107046118A (zh) * 2017-04-07 2017-08-15 武汉大学 二次电池用安全性隔膜及其制备方法
CN108899459A (zh) * 2018-06-11 2018-11-27 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 一种锂离子电池隔膜的制备方法

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CN101192681A (zh) * 2006-11-29 2008-06-04 中国科学院理化技术研究所 锂离子电池电极表面直接复合纳米纤维隔膜的装置及方法
WO2012018676A1 (en) * 2010-08-02 2012-02-09 Celgard, Llc Ultra high melt temperature microporous high temperature battery separators and related methods
CN102668173A (zh) * 2009-11-03 2012-09-12 阿莫绿色技术有限公司 具有耐热性和高强度的超细纤维多孔隔板及其制造方法以及使用所述隔板的二次电池

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101192681A (zh) * 2006-11-29 2008-06-04 中国科学院理化技术研究所 锂离子电池电极表面直接复合纳米纤维隔膜的装置及方法
CN102668173A (zh) * 2009-11-03 2012-09-12 阿莫绿色技术有限公司 具有耐热性和高强度的超细纤维多孔隔板及其制造方法以及使用所述隔板的二次电池
WO2012018676A1 (en) * 2010-08-02 2012-02-09 Celgard, Llc Ultra high melt temperature microporous high temperature battery separators and related methods

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107046118A (zh) * 2017-04-07 2017-08-15 武汉大学 二次电池用安全性隔膜及其制备方法
CN107046118B (zh) * 2017-04-07 2019-09-10 武汉大学 二次电池用安全性隔膜及其制备方法
CN108899459A (zh) * 2018-06-11 2018-11-27 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 一种锂离子电池隔膜的制备方法

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Application publication date: 20141008