CN104088971A - Automobile and transmission and clutch for automobile - Google Patents
Automobile and transmission and clutch for automobile Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104088971A CN104088971A CN201410195706.8A CN201410195706A CN104088971A CN 104088971 A CN104088971 A CN 104088971A CN 201410195706 A CN201410195706 A CN 201410195706A CN 104088971 A CN104088971 A CN 104088971A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- gear
- shaft
- clutch
- speed changer
- main shaft
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
- F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
- F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
- F16H3/087—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears
- F16H3/091—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears including a single countershaft
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
- B60K17/02—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of clutch
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D11/00—Clutches in which the members have interengaging parts
- F16D11/16—Clutches in which the members have interengaging parts with clutching members movable otherwise than only axially
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/02—Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein
- F16H57/023—Mounting or installation of gears or shafts in the gearboxes, e.g. methods or means for assembly
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/02—Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein
- F16H2057/02086—Measures for reducing size of gearbox, e.g. for creating a more compact transmission casing
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Structure Of Transmissions (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an automobile which comprises a power unit and a transmission which are independent from each other relatively, wherein the power unit comprises an output shaft; the transmission comprises an input shaft, a clutch, a main shaft, a middle shaft, an output shaft and a shifting mechanism; an output shaft gear is arranged on an output shaft of the transmission; the output shaft of the power unit is used for driving an input shaft of the transmission in a shaft transmission mode; the clutch is a wet type multi-blade clutch; the input shaft is meshed with the clutch through the gear; the clutch is arranged on the main shaft; clamped type shifting clutches are arranged between both the main shaft and/or the gear on the middle shaft in a gap sleeved manner and the shaft and between the output shaft gear and the main shaft. The transmission is large in transmission ratio change range, no extra reverse gear mechanism or power boosting mechanism is needed, the shifting operation is convenient, the structure is simple and the cost is low. The clutch is beneficial to reduce the size of the transmission. The power unit and the transmission of the automobile can be arranged in a central position, and thus the driving security is facilitated.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of speed changer and a kind of dilly that uses this speed changer, the invention still further relates to a kind of vehicle wet-type multi-disc clutch.
Background technique
The using scope of motor tricycle is wider, and purposes is various, needs to meet the Economy requirement that low speed, heavy duty and middle and high speed are travelled simultaneously.For adapting to this needs, speed variator of motor tricycle need to have larger gear ratio excursion, meanwhile, also needs to possess gear reversing function; On the other hand, the price of this speed changer must be cheap, can accept for most consumers.
But current motor tricycle, lacks the speed changer that is suitable for needs.Existing motor tricycle, for reasons such as cost, prices, great majority are used be cheap, originally for motor and the speed changer thereof of two-wheeled motorcycle.The transmission gear ratio excursion of this motor is little, without reverse gear apparatus, must be equipped with other reinforcement and reverse gear apparatus.Can increase the cost of power assembly so on the one hand; On the other hand in operator cabin except needs are arranged gear level, also need to arrange and reverse gear and the operating handle of reinforcement, thereby increased the complexity of controlling and the possibility that misoperation in emergency circumstances occurs.
Other motor tricycle has directly adopted motor and the speed changer of automobile, and this motor tricycle is owing to having used the speed changer of automobile, and transmission function is comparatively complete, and gear is comparatively reasonable, and gear shift operation is also identical with general-utility car.But because price is higher, use the motor tricycle negligible amounts of this power assembly.
In prior art, typical automotive transmission is used dry clutch conventionally, and the driven disc of clutch is contained on speed changer one axle, an axle axis conllinear of the bent axle of motor and speed changer, this speed changer utilizes the conical surface friction of synchronizer to realize same step gear shifting, to avoid the impact of gear.
Typical automotive speed changer comprises an axle, jack shaft and two axles, and its clutch device is on an axle, and the reduction gear on an axle drives jack shaft reduction gear, thereby has driven jack shaft.Jack shaft manufactures gear shaft conventionally, on jack shaft, respectively keeps off gear and is all fixed together with this axle and synchronizes all the time rotation, so the rotary inertia of jack shaft is very large.What on two axles, have empty set respectively keeps off gear, these gears keep normal engagement with corresponding shift gear on jack shaft, by the slip joint cover with synchronizer on mobile two axles, certain free gear and two axles are fixed together, thereby make speed changer with this gear and the determined speed ratio outputting power of coupling gear thereof.
In shift process, take a gear as example, at speed changer in neutral, and after clutch driving plate is separated with driven disc, jack shaft continues to synchronize and rotate with a shaftgear, and the rotary inertia of jack shaft self is very large, respectively keeps off gear and also can drive free gear corresponding on two axles to rotate together on jack shaft, that is to say, the rotary inertia of the axle system of the idle running that these synchronous axles that rotate and gear form is very large.When putting into gear, on two axles, originally synchronizeing the gear of rotation and the slip joint cover on two axles with jack shaft there is speed discrepancy, because the rotary inertia of the axle system being connected with a joggle with this gear is very large, if do not adopt synchronizer progressively to change its rotating speed, make it synchronize and rotate with two axles, slip joint cover can be very difficult with engaging of this gear; Meanwhile, at above-mentioned axle, be in the very large situation of rotary inertia, do not use synchronizer gearshift larger for the impact of gear yet.And after use synchronizer, become easy and easy operating of gear shift operation.
But, the complex structure of synchronizer and cooperation power shift gear, cost is higher, and weight is large, has limited this speed changer at small-sized, cheap vehicle, as the application on motor tricycle and small-sized electric car.
On the other hand, in common motorcycle engine, it is inner that speed changer and motor are disposed in a common closed box.Wet-type multi-disc clutch is housed on main shaft, the gearwheel on crank-driven clutch driving plate, and drive main shaft to rotate by clutch.Each speed change gear on main shaft keeps normal engagement with the gear of corresponding gear on countershaft.Self synchronize and rotate with place axle for one of each engaging gear centering, another gear is that empty set is on the axle of place, this free gear side has and by spline, is slidably matched with same axle and synchronizes with this axle the gear rotating, here be called sliding gear, the end face of these two gears has projection or hole, by mobile sliding gear, and this gear and free gear is fastened togather, can realize the driving of main shaft to countershaft, its speed ratio is engaged free gear and the gear ratio of engaging gear thereof.
Motorcycle gear box is in shift process, when the friction plate of clutch is thrown off and speed changer during in neutral position state, the rotary inertia of the axle system of idle running is little, it is comparatively easy that this feature is fastened togather the gear of different rotating speeds, impact to gear is also less, even if do not use synchronizer also can shift gears smoothly.So this speed changer structure using on motorcycle is simple, low price.
But the speed changer of motorcycle is not speed changer independently, can not directly be connected use with other minitype motivation.Meanwhile, this speed changer uses rotary drum gearshift, and gear is generally 1-0-2-3-4-5, and this gear arranges that the driver who is suitable for driving on two-wheeled motorcycle operates with pin; But for the driver who is sitting on cab seat, on the one hand, the space of stretching one's legs in operator cabin is little, uncomfortable with pin gearshift, on the other hand, while allowing driver replace pin to operate with hand, the gear of this 1-0-2-3-4-5 is arranged and plug-type gearshift action does not meet most of drivers operating habit on the seat yet.
In addition, the speed changer of motorcycle and rotary drum gearshift thereof are positioned at the inside of two crankcases, and its assembling and maintenance be trouble very.Such as when keeping in repair, motor need to be disintegrated just can carry out completely.During assembling, first each axle and shift gears drum, shift fork, declutch shift shaft etc. are arranged on a casing, then another casing that closes carefully, higher for assembly technical requirement.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of independent speed changer with wet-type multi-disc clutch of cheapness and the vehicle of this speed changer of use.Gear shift operation mechanism and the general-utility car hand gearshift of this vehicle are same or similar.A kind of vehicle of the present invention, comprise power unit and speed changer, described power unit and described speed changer are relatively independent, described power unit comprises output shaft, described speed changer comprises input shaft, clutch, main shaft, jack shaft, output shaft and gearshift, the output shaft of speed changer is provided with output shaft gear, and the output shaft of described power unit drives the input shaft of described speed changer in driven off by shaft mode; Described clutch is a wet-type multi-disc clutch, and described input shaft and described clutch mesh by gear, and described clutch is arranged on described main shaft; On described main shaft and/or jack shaft between the gear of empty set and place axle, be equipped with clamp-close type shift clutch between described output shaft gear and main shaft.
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of independently speed changer, this speed changer adopts clamp-close type shift clutch, not only can guarantee carrying out smoothly of gearshift, and assembling and maintenance very convenient.
The speed changer of vehicle of the present invention, comprise input shaft, clutch, main shaft, jack shaft, output shaft and gearshift, described clutch is a wet-type multi-disc clutch, and described input shaft and described clutch mesh by gear, and described clutch is arranged on described main shaft; On described main shaft and/or jack shaft between the gear of empty set and place axle, be equipped with clamp-close type shift clutch between described output shaft gear and main shaft.
Wherein, described clamp-close type shift clutch comprises a slip joint cover, both ends of the surface or the internal surface of described slip joint cover are provided with the snap-in structure in order to dock with adjacent gear, described slip joint cover slides on the axle of place by the mode of spline fitted, and the outer turning surface of described slip joint cover is provided with circular groove.
The axis of described input shaft, main shaft, jack shaft and output shaft is all positioned in same plane, the axis conllinear of described main shaft and described output shaft; Described input shaft, jack shaft and main shaft be axially parallel to each other and described input shaft and jack shaft are arranged in the same side of described main shaft.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of new Wet-type multi-disc multi-clutch.The size of this clutch gear is not subject to the restriction of damper element, can in a big way, change.Wet-type multi-disc multi-clutch of the present invention comprises driving disc, damping element and gear, this clutch also includes land and axle sleeve, described land is sleeved on described damping element, and between the center hole of described axle sleeve and described land, for being fixedly connected with, described gear is fixed on described axle sleeve.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) gearshift of speed changer of the present invention engages with adjacent gear or throws off and realize by controlling slip joint cover.Utilize synchronizer to realize synchronizeing of gear with general-utility car speed changer and compare with gearshift, speed changer of the present invention is guaranteeing gearshift simultaneously smoothly, and simplified structure, reduces costs widely.
(2) compare as the motor tricycle of power with existing use motorcycle engine, the gear ratio excursion of speed changer of the present invention is large, without extra reverse gear mechanism and boosting mechanism; Simplify the structure and the interior operating mechanism of operator cabin, reduced the cost of car load.
(3) the gear shift operation mode of speed changer of the present invention is similar to the operation of general-utility car manual shift, is easier to be accepted by user.Compare with some motor tricycles that existing use motorcycle engine is power, vehicle of the present invention and speed changer can be simplified driver's control action, reduce the possibility of misoperation, are conducive to improve the Security of driving.
(4) size of clutch gear of the present invention is not subject to the restriction of damper element, can in a big way, change, the size of clutch gear can suitably be dwindled, and this is just for shortening the distance between input shaft and main shaft, and the volume that reduces speed changer has been created advantage.
(5) vehicle of the present invention, its power unit and speed changer can be arranged in the position close to the center line of vehicle, therefore, the center of gravity of the two is also close to the center line of vehicle, obviously, this load that is beneficial to two trailing wheels of balance that is furnished with is favourable for the driving safety of vehicle especially three-wheeled vehicle.
(6) input shaft of speed changer of the present invention, main shaft, jack shaft and output shaft are positioned at a plane, and on speed changer on the junction plane of lower box, the assembling of speed changer, maintenance become very convenient.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the plan view of vehicle of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the plan view of vehicle shown in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the outline drawing of the medium power of vehicle shown in Fig. 1 unit and speed changer;
Fig. 4 is the sectional drawing of the slice location of A-A shown in Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of another Placement between vehicle medium power unit of the present invention and speed changer;
Fig. 6 is the sectional drawing of the part of speed changer shown in Fig. 4;
Fig. 7 is the axonometric drawing of gearshift in speed changer shown in Fig. 6;
Fig. 8 be shown in Fig. 6 in speed changer main shaft reverse gear and five gear gears between the axonometric drawing of clamp-close type shift clutch;
Fig. 9 is a kind of axonometric drawing of clamp-close type shift clutch between a gear and two gears in speed changer of the present invention; Figure 10 a～Figure 10 f has listed respectively the power transmission line of each gear of speed changer shown in Fig. 3, wherein: the heavy line in Figure 10 a has reflected the power transmission line of a gear; Heavy line in Figure 10 b has reflected the power transmission line of two gears; Heavy line in Figure 10 c has reflected the power transmission line of three gears; Heavy line in Figure 10 d has reflected the power transmission line of direct gear; Heavy line in Figure 10 e has reflected the power transmission line of five gears; Heavy line in Figure 10 f has reflected the power transmission line reversing gear;
Figure 11 is the structural representation of a kind of clutch in prior art;
Figure 12 is the structural drawing of clutch embodiment 1 in the present invention;
Figure 13 is the structural drawing of clutch embodiment 2 in the present invention.
In figure:
1-vehicle 2-shift control mechanism 3-front-wheel
4-power assembly 5-trailing wheel 6-steering equipment
7-differential mechanism 8-transmission shaft 9-slip yoke
The center line 11-power unit 11f-power unit positioning spigot of 10-vehicle
The output shaft of 12-speed changer 12f-speed changer positioning spigot 13-power unit
13h-output shaft endoporus 13a-spline housing 13s-internal spline
14-bolt 15-plane 16-input shaft
16g-input shaft gear 16s-input shaft spline 17-main shaft
The output shaft of 18-jack shaft 18s, 19s1,19s2-spline 19-speed changer
20,21,22,23,36,37,38,47-bearing 24-clutch
25-mono-gear driving gear 26-bis-gear driving gear 27-tri-gear driving gears
28,31-spline 29,32,42-slip joint cover 29b-projection
29s, 32s, 42s, 52s-internal spline 29g-circular groove
The 30-driving gear 30r-former 30h-open type hole of reversing gear
The 34-optical axis 35-needle bearing 40-driven gear that reverses gear
41-tri-gear driven gear 44-mono-gear driven gear 45-bis-gear driven gears
46-five gear driven gear 49-reduction gear 51-five gear driving gears
51h-hole 52-output shaft gear 55-reverse idler gear
56-gear shaft 61-driving disc 61h-hole
62-damper element 63-land 64-clutch gear
65-rivet 66-pressing plate 67-gear bush
80,81,82-shift fork 81p-pusher dog 83,84,85-declutch shift shaft
The place kick of 86-gearshift gear selection mechanism 87-spring 88-declutch shift shaft
89-gearshift 201-gear hole 202-damper element
The gear 204-clutch driving plate of 203-clutch
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, technical solution of the present invention is described in further detail.
Fig. 1 is the plan view of a kind of vehicle of the present invention, and Fig. 2 is the plan view of this vehicle.As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, this vehicle 1 comprises 3, two trailing wheels 5 of a front-wheel.But should be clear and definite, vehicle 1 can be also four-wheel car, has two front-wheels and two trailing wheels.Vehicle 1 comprises power unit 11, speed changer 12, according to the steering equipment of common mode work 6 and shift control mechanism 2, steering equipment 6 is used for controlling the direction of travel of vehicle, shift control mechanism 2 is used for controlling vehicle and travels with different gears.Described power unit 11 is relatively independent with described speed changer 12.Although shown in power unit 11 be a general gasoline engines, should clear and definite power unit 11 can be also the internal-combustion engine of other type, as diesel engine, in addition, power unit 11 can also be motor.As can be seen from Figure 2, the output shaft 19 of described speed changer 12 (output shaft 19 does not represent, can see in Fig. 4 in Fig. 2) passes through slip yoke 9, universal joint 9a, and transmission shaft 8 is of coupled connections according to manner known in the art with differential mechanism 7.
Fig. 3 is the outline drawing of vehicle medium power of the present invention unit 11 and speed changer 12, and in this embodiment, speed changer 12 is fixed together by bolt 14 and power unit 11.Fig. 4 is that vehicle medium power of the present invention unit 11 and speed changer 12 are along the sectional drawing of A-A in Fig. 3.Fig. 5 has represented another Placement that vehicle medium power of the present invention unit 11 and speed changer 12 can also adopt.From Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, can see, described power unit 11 comprises output shaft 13, and the output shaft 13 of described power unit 11 drives the input shaft 16 of described speed changer 12 in driven off by shaft mode.Fig. 4 has represented that the output shaft 13 of described power unit 11 is with a kind of driven off by shaft Placement.As seen from Figure 4, the interior porose 13h of output shaft 13 of power unit 11, in the 13h of hole, be installed with the spline housing 13a with internal spline 13s, the input shaft 16 of speed changer is having external splines 16s near power unit 11 1 sides, external splines 16s coordinates with aforementioned internal spline 13s, thereby makes the input shaft 16 that the output shaft 13 of power unit 11 can drive speed transmission 12.While adopting this Placement, on speed changer 12 housings, be processed with annular stopper 12f, this seam coordinates with the positioning spigot 11f on power unit 11, to guarantee the coaxality of transmission input shaft 16 and power unit output shaft 13.Speed changer 12 is fixed together by the bolt 14 in Fig. 3 with power assembly unit 11.Fig. 5 has represented that the output shaft 13 of described power unit 11 is with a kind of driven off by shaft Placement.While adopting this Placement, power unit 11 and speed changer 12 needn't be fixed together, and the input shaft 16 of speed changer 12 links together by slip yoke 101, universal joint 102 and transmission shaft 103 with the output shaft 13 of power unit 11.This Placement is applicable to speed changer 12 does not have suitable positioning spigot with power unit 11, or other need to be by the two situation arranged apart.Because the power unit 11 in the present invention and speed changer 12 have adopted driven off by shaft Placement, in Fig. 2, can see, power unit 11 and speed changer 12 can be arranged in the position close to the center line 10 of vehicle, therefore, the center of gravity of the two is also close to the center line 10 of vehicle, obviously, this load that is beneficial to two trailing wheels 5 of balance that is furnished with is favourable for the driving safety of vehicle especially three-wheeled vehicle.
The structure of speed changer of the present invention can be seen from Fig. 6, Fig. 7, Fig. 8, Fig. 9, Figure 10.
As shown in Figure 6, the speed changer 12 of vehicle of the present invention comprises input shaft 16, clutch 24, main shaft 17, jack shaft 18, output shaft 19 and gearshift 89 (Fig. 3 is seen in the position of gearshift 89 on speed changer, and the structure of gearshift 89 is shown in Fig. 7).As seen from Figure 6, input shaft 16, main shaft 17, jack shaft 18 and output shaft 19 are positioned in a plane 15, plane 15 is also the junction plane (also as the position of the A-A section plane in Fig. 3) of lower box on speed changer, and this structure can make the assembling of speed changer, maintenance become very convenient.From Fig. 6, can also see, the axis of input shaft 16, main shaft 17 and jack shaft 18 is parallel to each other, and input shaft 16 and jack shaft 18 are arranged in the same side of main shaft 17.The setting type that is arranged in main shaft 17 both sides with input shaft 16 and jack shaft 18 is compared, and this structure can make the structure of speed changer compacter, meanwhile, is also conducive to transmission shaft 8 and is arranged in differential mechanism 7 position that approaches vehicle 1 center line 10.
As shown in Figure 6, Figure 7, input shaft 16 is supported on bearing 20 and bearing 21 rotationally, on input shaft 16, by interference fit, an input shaft gear 16g is fixedly housed.Main shaft 17 is arranged in parallel with input shaft 16, and main shaft 17 is supported on bearing 22 and bearing 23 rotationally, and main shaft 17 is equipped with a multi-disc wet clutch 24 in the one end near input shaft 16, has clutch gear 64 on multi-disc wet clutch 24.Structure about multi-disc wet clutch in the present invention 24 can further illustrate in the back.
Gear 16g on input shaft 16 and clutch gear 64 engagements, like this, power can be delivered to main shaft 17 from input shaft 16, clutch 24.In the present embodiment, input shaft 16 is 1.828 to the reduction speed ratio of main shaft 17, and by this primary speed-down, the rotating speed of main shaft can be reduced to 55% of input shaft rotating speed.Reduce spindle speed favourable for the rotary inertia that reduces shift process hollow axle system, thereby be conducive to synchronous between shift process middle gear, for this speed changer, adopt clamp-close type shift clutch to realize gearshift favourable.About the shift process of this speed changer, will further illustrate in the back.
On the main shaft 17 of speed changer, be processed with first gear 25, second gear 26, three gear gears 27, five gear gear 51 and reverse gears 30 are housed on main shaft 17 rotationally.Main shaft surface is processed with spline 28 between gear 51 and reverse gear 30.Between gear 51 and reverse gear 30 and main shaft 17, be provided with clamp-close type shift clutch, slip joint cover 29; That is to say, whether gear 51 or reverse gear 30 are fixed together to synchronize to rotate by mobile slip joint cover 29 with main shaft 17 is controlled.Slip joint cover 29 is slidably matched by internal spline 29s and main shaft 17.Structure and working principle about the clamp-close type shift clutch in the present invention are further specified in the back.The main shaft 17 of speed changer is also processed with spline 31 near output shaft 19 one end.The gear that on main shaft 17, another empty set, is also provided with clamp-close type shift clutch between three gear gears 27 and main shaft 17, and slip joint cover 32.Slip joint cover 32 is slidably matched by internal spline 32s and main shaft 17.Main shaft 17 is processed with optical axis 34 near output the tip of the axis, and upper surface cover has needle bearing 35.
The jack shaft 18 of speed changer is supported on bearing 36, bearing 37 and bearing 38 rotationally, on jack shaft 18, be processed with spline 18s, one gear driven gear 44 is sleeved on the outer round surface of spline 18s rotationally, and two gear driven gears 45 are sleeved on the outer round surface of jack shaft 18 rotationally.Between gear 44 and gear 45 and jack shaft, be provided with clamp-close type shift clutch, slip joint cover 42.The slip joint cover 42 spline 18s by internal spline 42s and jack shaft 18 are slidably matched.On the jack shaft 18 of speed changer, be processed with five gear driven gears 46, jack shaft end is also fixedly equipped with reduction gear 49 by interference fit.The driven gear 40 that reverses gear is fixedly connected with jack shaft 18 with three gear driven gear 41 interference fit.
The output shaft 19 of speed changer and the axis conllinear of main shaft 17, output shaft 19 is supported on bearing 47 and needle bearing 35.On output shaft 19, be processed with spline 19s1 and spline 19s2.Output shaft gear 52 is fixedly connected with output shaft 19 by internal spline 52s.Between output shaft gear 52 and main shaft, be also provided with clamp-close type shift clutch, slip joint cover 32.Slip joint cover 32 is slidably matched by internal spline 32s and main shaft 17, when moving slip joint and overlap 32 to output shaft direction vertically, slip joint cover 32 is fastened togather with output shaft gear 52, main shaft 17 links together un-rotatably with output shaft, power will directly be delivered to output shaft by main shaft, and gear is now the usually said direct gear of the art.
Above-mentioned all gears are all respectively with mode axially locating such as snap ring or the shaft shoulders, and gear mesh is all normal engagement, only have slip joint cover 29,32,42 on main shaft 17 and jack shaft 18, to slide.
Fig. 8 has represented the structure of the clamp-close type shift clutch in the present invention: this clamp-close type shift clutch comprises slip joint cover 29, on two end faces of slip joint cover 29, being respectively equipped with the snap-in structure in order to dock with adjacent gear, is on two end faces, respectively to have 3 columniform protruding 29b here.Between slip joint cover and place axle, by spline, be slidably connected, the periphery of slip joint cover 29 has circular groove 29g, and the pusher dog 81p of selector fork 81 is embedded in circular groove 29g, for controlling the axial position of slip joint cover 29.Porose 51h on the former of five gear gears 51, reverse gear 30 is also with a former 30r, the hole 30h that has open type above, when slip joint cover 29 moves to adjacent gear 51, protruding 29b is stretched in the hole 51h on adjacent gear 51 formers, be slip joint cover 29 while engaging with adjacent gear 51, this slip joint cover will force engaged gear 51 to synchronize and rotate with it; Otherwise when this slip joint cover is thrown off with adjacent gear 51, gear 51 can rotate relatively freely with main shaft, gear 51 does not participate in the transmission of power.Equally, slip joint cover 29 can be controlled reverse gear 30 with the fixing of main shaft or throw off.
Fig. 9 has represented the structure of another kind of clamp-close type shift clutch.Here this clamp-close type shift clutch is controlled on jack shaft 18 to the situation of 1,2 gear gearshifts, illustrate.This clamp-close type shift clutch comprises slip joint cover 42 ', on the internal surface of slip joint cover 42 ', be processed with involute splines 42s ', on the outer surface of spline housing 43, be processed with involute splines 43s ', internal surface is processed with internal spline 43s ' ', spline housing 43 coordinates with the spline 18s of jack shaft 18 by internal spline 43s ' ', and spline housing is fixed together with jack shaft and synchronizes rotation.Slip joint cover 42 ' links together with the mode of spline housing 43 with spline fitted, therefore, slip joint cover 42 ' can slide by the mode of spline fitted on jack shaft, on the external rotary surface of slip joint cover 42 ', there is circular groove 44g ', the pusher dog 80p of selector fork 80 is embedded in circular groove 44g ', for controlling the axial position of slip joint cover 42 '.
One gear driven gear 44 interferences are on axle sleeve 44 ', axle sleeve 44 ' empty set is on jack shaft 18, on axle sleeve 44 ', be processed with spline 44s ', when slip joint cover 42 ' moves to gear 44, internal spline 42s ' is engaged with external splines 44s ', be slip joint cover 42 ' while engaging with gear 44, slip joint overlaps 42 ' will force the gear 44 closing to synchronize and rotate with it; Otherwise when slip joint cover 42 ' is thrown off with adjacent gear 44, adjacent gear 44 can rotate relatively freely with jack shaft, gear 44 does not participate in the transmission of power.Equally, slip joint cover 42 ' can control gear 45 with the fixing of jack shaft or throw off.
Obviously, the gear of speed changer hollow sleeve of the present invention on main shaft or jack shaft all can utilize the clamp-close type shift clutch shown in Fig. 8 or Fig. 9 to control and the putting into gear or throw off of place axle; Equally, engaging or throwing off and also can utilize such clamp-close type shift clutch to realize between output shaft gear and main shaft, narration no longer one by one here.
In the present embodiment, pony axle owner will comprise main shaft 17, overlap 32 with slip joint cover 29 and the slip joint of spindle synchronous rotation, and is driven a gear driven gear 44, two of synchronous rotation to keep off the part that driven gears 45 and wet-type multi-disc clutch and spindle synchronous rotate by mainshaft gear.Obviously, the rotary part quantity that this pony axle system comprises is far less than the rotary part quantity of the pony axle system in general-utility car speed changer, so the rotary inertia of this pony axle system is also far smaller than the rotary inertia of the pony axle system of general-utility car speed changer.In fact, the rotary part quantity that the rotary part quantity that this pony axle system comprises and the pony axle system of common motorcycle engine speed variator comprise is suitable.In addition, this speed changer arrives the deceleration of main shaft by input shaft, has reduced the rotating speed of main shaft, is also conducive to reduce the rotary inertia of shift process hollow axle system, and this all contributes to this speed changer to utilize clamp-close type shift clutch to realize gearshift.
From Fig. 6, can also see, control the clamp-close type shift clutch reversing gear, slip joint cover 29 is arranged on main shaft.The benefit of arranging is like this: because slip joint cover 29 is arranged on main shaft, there is gear 30 and the gear 51 of snap-fit relationship and keep the gear of normal meshing relation not belong to above-mentioned pony axle with gear 30 and gear 51 with slip joint cover 29 and be, thereby reduce to greatest extent in shift process, work as throw-out-of clutch, the rotary inertia of speed changer pony axle system when neutral position state.Otherwise, if slip joint cover 29 is not to be arranged on main shaft, but be arranged on jack shaft, original and slip joint are overlapped 29 and are had the gear 30 of snap-fit relationship and gear 51 and must be designed to synchronize all the time rotation with main shaft, and this has just increased the rotary inertia of main shaft; Moreover, keep the gear of normal meshing relation also will rotate with spindle synchronous with gear 30 and gear 51, can make above-mentioned throw-out-of clutch like this, speed changer pony axle system when neutral position state has increased by 5 gears, wherein reverse gear owing to there being middle idle wheel, increased by two gears.So, slip joint cover 29 is arranged on main shaft for improving the smooth-going most important of gearshift.
This speed changer has adopted a kind of gearshift 89 conventional in existing automotive transmission as can see from Figure 7.This gearshift comprises shift fork 80,81,82 and declutch shift shaft 83,84,85, gearshift, gear selection mechanism 86 and declutch shift shaft place kick 87 and spring 88 etc.Structure and the working principle of this gearshift are known for the skilled in the art, here no longer narration.Visible, the gearshift that this speed changer adopts is substantially similar to general-utility car, so, the mode of operation of the gear level in operator cabin is also same or similar with general-utility car, and this drives with regard to some existing motor tricycles of having been avoided mentioning in background technique the inconvenient problem that indoor hand is controlled rotary drum gearshift.
The gearshift of speed changer of the present invention engages with adjacent gear or throws off and realize by controlling slip joint cover.Utilize synchronizer to realize synchronizeing of gear with general-utility car speed changer and compare with gearshift, the present invention is guaranteeing gearshift simultaneously smoothly, and simplified structure, reduces costs widely.
Figure 10 a～Figure 10 f has listed respectively the power transmission line of each gear of speed changer of the present invention shown in Fig. 3, and this speed changer reverses gear with 5 forward gears and one.
Heavy line in Figure 10 a reflects the power transmission line of a gear, and from the input shaft 16 of speed changer, successively through input shaft gear 16g,---------------------jack shaft 18---reduction gear 49---output shaft gear 52 is passed to the output shaft 19 of speed changer to slip joint cover 42 to a gear driven gear 44 to a gear driving gear 25 to main shaft 17 to clutch 24 to clutch gear 64 to power.
Heavy line in Figure 10 b reflects the power transmission line of two gears, and from the input shaft 16 of speed changer, successively through input shaft gear 16g,---------------------jack shaft 18---reduction gear 49---output shaft gear 52 is passed to the output shaft 19 of speed changer to slip joint cover 42 to two gear driven gears 45 to two gear driving gears 26 to main shaft 17 to clutch 24 to clutch gear 64 to power.
Heavy line in Figure 10 c reflects the power transmission line of three gears, and from the input shaft 16 of speed changer, successively through input shaft gear 16g,---------------------jack shaft 18---reduction gear 49---output shaft gear 52 is passed to the output shaft 19 of speed changer to three gear driven gears 41 to three gear driving gears 27 to slip joint cover 32 to main shaft 17 to clutch 24 to clutch gear 64 to power.
Heavy line in Figure 10 d reflects the power transmission line of direct gear, and from the input shaft 16 of speed changer, successively through input shaft gear 16g,---------output shaft gear 52 is passed to output shaft 19 to clutch 24 to clutch gear 64 to power with main shaft 17---slip joint cover 32---.
Heavy line in Figure 10 e reflects the power transmission line of five gears, and from the input shaft 16 of speed changer, successively through input shaft gear 16g,---------------------jack shaft 18---reduction gear 49---output shaft gear 52 is passed to the output shaft 19 of speed changer to five gear driven gears 46 to five gear driving gears 51 to slip joint cover 29 to main shaft 17 to clutch 24 to clutch gear 64 to power.
The power transmission line that heavy line reflection in Figure 10 f is reversed gear, from the input shaft 16 of speed changer, successively through input shaft gear 16g,---------------driving gear 30 reverses gear, and---------jack shaft 18---reduction gear 49---output shaft gear 52 is passed to the output shaft 19 of speed changer to five gear driven gears 40 to reverse idler gear 55 to slip joint cover 29 to main shaft 17 to clutch 24 to clutch gear 64 to power; In Figure 10 f, 55,56 are respectively reverse idler gear and gear shaft.
It should be noted that those skilled in the art can determine according to actual needs whether suitable gear number and speed changer comprise and reverse gear, and adjust and respectively keep off the layout of gear on axle as required.
From Figure 10 a-10f, can see, one gear of speed changer of the present invention, two gears, the speed ratio of three gears and five gears is realized by double reduction, this design can utilize comparatively compact structure to obtain larger reduction speed ratio excursion, so, it is larger that one gear speed ratio of speed changer of the present invention can design, such as, in the present embodiment, a gear speed ratio is 6, and a gear speed ratio of common motorcycle engine speed variator is generally 2.9, in order to deal with low speed, heavy duty and vehicle start, climbing, need in transmission system, set up the booster with a pair of reduction gear, this is generally about 2 to reduction gear speed ratio, be under reinforcement state, its total reduction ratio is about 5.8.That is to say, a gear reduction speed ratio of speed changer of the present invention is enough large, and when a gear has had low speed, heavy duty, the ability of reinforcement, is equipped with the vehicle of this speed changer without additionally setting up booster.In addition, this speed changer is with reversing gear.So, the action that only needs a gear level can complete gearshift, reinforcement and reverse gear in operator cabin, use the motor tricycle that common motorcycle engine is power to compare with more existing described in background technique, vehicle of the present invention has been simplified the structure of control system greatly, not only can reduce the cost of car load, can also simplify driver's operation, reduce the possibility of misoperation, improve the Security of driving.
Figure 12 is a kind of wet-type multi-disc clutch on-off device of prior art, and this clutch is very common in motorcycle engine.Porose 201 on the gear 203 of this clutch, damper element 202 is positioned at hole, is used for reducing the vibration that gear 203 transmits to clutch driving plate 204.Due to the restriction of damper element 202 being installed, it is larger that the outside diameter d of clutch gear 203 must be done.But the larger outside diameter of gear has hindered the requirement of dwindling speed changer volume.When requiring to shorten in Fig. 6 distance between input shaft 16 and the main shaft 17 at clutch place, such as, when the external diameter of wishing input shaft approaches clutch driving plate external diameter as far as possible, the Placement of existing clutch gear and clutch driving plate cannot meet the demands, so be necessary to improve the Placement of gear and the driving disc of clutch, to reduce the external diameter of clutch.
Clutch of the present invention utilizes a land, and clutch driving plate is linked together by land and clutch gear.Embodiment can be further illustrated from following embodiment.
Figure 12 is the embodiment 1 of wet-type multi-disc clutch of the present invention, and clutch comprises driving disc 61, damper element 62, gear 64, rivet 65 and pressing plate 66, and this clutch also includes land 63 and axle sleeve 67.On driving disc 61 end faces, around clutch axis, be evenly distributed with 6 protruding 61b, 6 damper elements are set on 6 protruding 61b.On land 63, there are 6 uniform through hole 61h, its position is with to be evenly distributed with 6 protruding positions around clutch axis on driving disc 61 end faces corresponding, the diameter of through hole is suitable with the diameter of damper element, and land is sleeved on damping element 62 by 6 through holes.Rivet 65 and pressing plate 66 link together land 63 and damper element 62, driving disc 61.On land 63, have center hole, the outer surface of axle sleeve 67 and center hole form interference fit, and like this, land and axle sleeve 67 are fixed as one.Equally, gear 64 also has center hole, and the outer surface of axle sleeve 67 and center hole also form interference fit, and like this, land and gear are also fixed as one.Here should be clear and definite, between gear 64 and axle sleeve 67, land 63 and axle sleeve 67, also can be fixed together by the mode of spline fitted.
Figure 13 is the embodiment 2 of wet-type multi-disc clutch of the present invention, and the difference of this clutch and previous clutch is, the gear 64 in previous embodiment is formed into integral structure with axle sleeve 67.
Clutch of the present invention, the size of clutch gear is not subject to the restriction of damper element, can in a big way, change, and the size of clutch gear can suitably be dwindled, this is just for shortening the distance between input shaft and main shaft, and the volume that reduces speed changer has been created advantage.
Although invention has been described by reference to the accompanying drawings above; but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment; above-mentioned embodiment is only schematic; rather than restrictive; those of ordinary skill in the art is under enlightenment of the present invention; in the situation that not departing from aim of the present invention, can also make a lot of distortion, within these all belong to protection of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. a vehicle, comprise power unit and speed changer, described power unit and described speed changer are relatively independent, described power unit comprises output shaft, described speed changer comprises input shaft, clutch, main shaft, jack shaft, output shaft and gearshift, the output shaft of speed changer is provided with output shaft gear, and the output shaft of described power unit drives the input shaft of described speed changer in driven off by shaft mode; It is characterized in that:
Described clutch is a wet-type multi-disc clutch, and described input shaft and described clutch mesh by gear, and described clutch is arranged on described main shaft;
On described main shaft and/or jack shaft between the gear of empty set and place axle, be equipped with clamp-close type shift clutch between described output shaft gear and main shaft.
2. vehicle according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described power unit is motor or internal-combustion engine.
3. vehicle according to claim 1, is characterized in that, controls the clamp-close type shift clutch reversing gear and is arranged on main shaft.
4. vehicle according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the axis of the input shaft of described speed changer, main shaft, jack shaft and output shaft is all positioned in same plane, the axis conllinear of the main shaft of described speed changer and the output shaft of described speed changer; The axis of the input shaft of described speed changer, jack shaft and main shaft is parallel to each other and the input shaft of described speed changer and the same side that jack shaft is arranged in described main shaft.
5. a kind of vehicle according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described clamp-close type shift clutch comprises a slip joint cover, both ends of the surface or the internal surface of described slip joint cover are provided with the snap-in structure in order to dock with adjacent gear, described slip joint cover slides on the axle of place by the mode of spline fitted, and the outer turning surface of described slip joint cover is provided with circular groove.
6. a speed changer for vehicle, comprises input shaft, clutch, main shaft, jack shaft, output shaft and gearshift, it is characterized in that:
Described clutch is a wet-type multi-disc clutch, and described input shaft and described clutch mesh by gear, and described clutch is arranged on described main shaft;
On described main shaft and/or jack shaft between the gear of empty set and place axle, be equipped with clamp-close type shift clutch between described output shaft gear and main shaft.
7. a kind of speed changer of vehicle according to claim 6, is characterized in that, controls the clamp-close type shift clutch reversing gear and is arranged on main shaft.
8. a kind of speed changer of vehicle according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, described clamp-close type shift clutch comprises a slip joint cover, both ends of the surface or the internal surface of described slip joint cover are provided with the snap-in structure in order to dock with adjacent gear, described slip joint cover slides on the axle of place by the mode of spline fitted, and the outer turning surface of described slip joint cover is provided with circular groove.
9. a kind of speed changer of vehicle according to claim 6, is characterized in that, the axis of described input shaft, main shaft, jack shaft and output shaft is all positioned in same plane, the axis conllinear of described main shaft and described output shaft; Described input shaft, jack shaft and main shaft be axially parallel to each other and described input shaft and jack shaft are arranged in the same side of described main shaft.
10. a vehicle wet-type multi-disc clutch, comprise driving disc, damping element and gear, it is characterized in that, this clutch also includes land and axle sleeve, described land is sleeved on described damping element, between the center hole of described axle sleeve and described land, for being fixedly connected with, described gear is fixed on described axle sleeve.
11. a kind of vehicle wet-type multi-disc clutches according to claim 10, is characterized in that, described gear and described axle sleeve are integral type structure.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410195706.8A CN104088971A (en) | 2014-05-09 | 2014-05-09 | Automobile and transmission and clutch for automobile |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410195706.8A CN104088971A (en) | 2014-05-09 | 2014-05-09 | Automobile and transmission and clutch for automobile |
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| CN104088971A true CN104088971A (en) | 2014-10-08 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201410195706.8A Pending CN104088971A (en) | 2014-05-09 | 2014-05-09 | Automobile and transmission and clutch for automobile |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109630561A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-04-16 | 宁波圣龙汽车动力***股份有限公司 | The mixed dynamic speed changer shift clutch of one kind |
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| CN109630561A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-04-16 | 宁波圣龙汽车动力***股份有限公司 | The mixed dynamic speed changer shift clutch of one kind |
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Application publication date: 20141008 |