CN104084583B - The laser preparing apparatus of a kind of Metal Substrate carbon nano-composite material and method - Google Patents
The laser preparing apparatus of a kind of Metal Substrate carbon nano-composite material and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses the laser preparing apparatus of a kind of Metal Substrate carbon nano-composite material and method, the present invention adopts digital control system centralized Control, powder feeder controls metal dust by computer instruction and is layed on substrate, laser beam realizes the constituency of metal dust is sintered according to computer graphics data, pass into carbon-source gas simultaneously, all kinds of carbon nano-structured materials are generated in the high-temperature area pyrolysis controlled by temperature compensation means catalysis, and carry out real-time compound with the metallic matrix in sintering process, to form Metal Substrate carbon nano-composite material. Powder spreader, laser instrument, thermoregulator etc. are carried out centralized Control by digital control system by the present invention, have the advantages such as real-time, processing speed is fast, and the present invention prepares Metal Substrate carbon nano-composite material efficiency height, precision is high, performance is good.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Metal Substrate carbon nano-composite material field shaping technique, particularly to laser preparing apparatus and the method for a kind of Metal Substrate carbon nano-composite material.
Background technology
Metal Substrate carbon nano-composite material is that the carbon nanomaterial being had at least unidimensional scale within 100nm by CNT, carbon nano-fiber, Nano carbon balls etc. is evenly distributed in metal and alloy substrate and forms. Metal Substrate carbon nano-composite material has both the premium properties of conventional metals/alloy and carbon nanomaterial, there is the features such as density is low, intensity is high, good toughness, heat conduction good electrical property, hydrophobicity are strong, wear-resistant, present wide application prospect in high-tech areas such as automobile, electronics, machinery, Aero-Space, be the study hotspot of field of new.
At present, the preparation technology of Metal Substrate carbon nano-composite material mainly has: chemical vapour deposition technique, electrochemical deposition method, discharge plasma sintering process, powder metallurgic method, mechanical alloying-pressure sintering, melting and solidification method etc. Wherein conventional metallic matrix mainly has: aluminium base, cuprio, iron-based, Ni-based etc. Current preparation technology cycle length, efficiency in preparation Metal Substrate carbon nano-composite material is low, second-rate; And be difficult to meet product design personalization, complication, diversified requirement; In addition, interfacial interaction between metallic matrix and carbon nanomaterial directly affects the performance of Metal Substrate carbon nano-composite material, physical contact it is mainly between most metals matrix and carbon nanomaterial, rarely chemical bond, it is hardly formed firmly combination interface, thus causing the poor-performings such as the electricity of composite, heat, mechanics; Carbon nanomaterial has the yardstick of nanometer scale, and specific surface area is big, and specific surface energy is high, very easily occurs to be wound around and reunites, not easily uniformly, is dispersed in metallic matrix to disperse, affects the reinforced effects of CNT.
Summary of the invention
Given this, the present invention provides the laser preparing apparatus of a kind of Metal Substrate carbon nano-composite material, Powder spreader, laser instrument, thermoregulator etc. are carried out centralized Control by digital control system by this device, there is the advantages such as real-time, processing speed is fast, the present invention prepares that the Metal Substrate carbon nano-composite material cycle is short, efficiency is high, precision is high, performance is good, and the present invention also provides for one simultaneously
For reaching one of above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides following technical scheme: the laser preparing apparatus of a kind of Metal Substrate carbon nano-composite material, it is characterized in that: include digital control system 1, vacuum forming chamber 7 and jacking system 13, in described vacuum forming chamber 7, be provided with work 3 and substrate 14;Described vacuum forming chamber 7 is outside equipped with powder feeder 2, carbon-source gas generator 11, laser instrument 4 and laser transmission apparatus 5; Described powder feeder 2 controls work 3 and is layed in by metal dust on substrate 14; Described laser instrument 4 gives off laser beam and through laser transmission apparatus 5, metal dust is sintered; Described carbon-source gas hair generator 11 passes into carbon-source gas when being used in laser beam and metal dust being sintered; Described jacking system 13 is for controlling rising or falling of substrate 14; Described digital control system 1 is connected with laser instrument 4, powder feeder 2 and carbon-source gas generator 11 respectively.
In assembly of the invention, its digital control system is responsible for coordinating to control laser switch, laser species, laser power, metallic matrix kind (copper, nickel, ferrum etc.), active element source, paving bisque thickness, carbon source kind, carbon nanomaterial content, preheating temperature, scan the important technical parameters such as the focal position in border, scanning speed, sweep span, scanning strategy that shake.
Further, also including thermoregulator 12 and the temperature compensation means 15 being connected with thermoregulator, described thermoregulator 12 is connected with digital control system 1, and described thermoregulator 12 is used for controlling temperature compensation means 15 and laser sintered district is operated temperature-compensating and effectively controls; Described temperature compensation means is laid on the substrate 14 round laser sintered district.
Further, the air inlet 8 being arranged on vacuum forming chamber 7 and gas outlet 9 are also included.
Further, described gas outlet 9 is connected with exhaust gas processing device 10.
For reaching the two of above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides following technical scheme: the laser preparation method of a kind of Metal Substrate carbon nano-composite material, specifically includes following steps:
Step (1). set up the threedimensional model of parts, and it is discrete to carry out layering, generate scanning path data, and import data in digital control system;
Step (2). first to vacuum forming chamber evacuation, then to vacuum forming indoor injection noble gas, control the oxygen concentration in forming room within the scope of finite concentration;
Step (3). powder feeder, to vacuum forming indoor feeding metal dust, is laid layer of metal powder to substrate, is reclaimed by unnecessary metal dust simultaneously;
Step (4). according to default graph data, laser beam flying metal dust, forming focal beam spot in the processing plane of metal dust, fusing metal dust forms part monolayer cross section; Carbon-source gas generator passes into carbon-source gas simultaneously, when it is by high-temperature area, being pyrolyzed and catalysis generates all kinds of carbon nano-structured materials, described carbon nano-structured material carries out compound with the metallic matrix melted in process of setting, to form Metal Substrate carbon nano-composite material;
Step (5). according to the scanning pattern that step (1) generates, repeat step (3)～(5), the Three-dimension process of Metal Substrate carbon nano-composite material is realized, it is thus achieved that the nano combined parts of Metal Substrate carbon of molding by the method successively sintered.
Further, metal dust first uses heater to preheat before being preset to substrate.
Further, step (41) is also included between step (4) and step (5); Described step (41) is particularly as follows: utilize infrared radiation thermometer testing laser sintering zone operating temperature, and by thermoregulator control temperature compensation means, laser sintered district is operated temperature-compensating and is effectively controlled.
Further, described metal dust includes Ti, Ni isoreactivity element.
Owing to have employed above technical scheme, the present invention has following Advantageous Effects:
1, Powder spreader, laser instrument, thermoregulator etc. are carried out centralized Control by digital control system by the present invention, have the advantages such as real-time, processing speed is fast, and the present invention prepares that the Metal Substrate carbon nano-composite material cycle is short, efficiency is high, and precision is high, performance is good.
2, relative to existing equipment and technology, the present invention adopts the preparation technology that precinct laser sintering method (SLS) and chemical vapour deposition technique (CVD) combine, realizing product design personalization, complication, diversified requirement, high degree has promoted the application of the nano combined parts of Metal Substrate carbon.
3, the present invention is provided with temperature compensation means, is accurately controlled reaction temperature. Metal dust first uses heater to preheat before being preset to substrate, it is prevented from the warpage in forming process and crackle, it also is able to reduce powder and is completely melt the input requirements to laser energy, can under input condition at same laser, preheating is obtained in that shaping efficiency faster, preheating can reduce the moisture in metal dust, it is ensured that laser light incident is at dry powder surface.
4, vacuum forming chamber of the present invention can guarantee that the vacuum environment requirement that Metal Substrate carbon nano-composite material produces; vacuum forming chamber is provided with air inlet and gas outlet; can to vacuum forming indoor injection protective gas; the foreign gas in forming process can be made to discharge in time on the one hand; be conducive to the gas flow improving in forming room on the other hand; what greatly reduce protection gas makes consumption so that foreign gas can flow to direction, gas outlet.
5, the present invention introduces titanium (Ti), nickel (Ni) isoreactivity element in sintering process, between metallic matrix and carbon nanomaterial, reaction generates transition zone, the chemical bond utilizing transition zone increases the interface binding power of carbon nanomaterial and metallic matrix, thus improving the metallic matrix effect of impregnation to carbon nanomaterial, improve the performances such as the electricity of Metal Substrate carbon nano-composite material, heat, mechanics.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearly, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the laser preparing apparatus population structure schematic diagram of Metal Substrate carbon nano-composite material;
Fig. 2 is the schematic flow sheet of the laser preparation method of Metal Substrate carbon nano-composite material.
Detailed description of the invention
Below with reference to accompanying drawing, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail; Should be appreciated that preferred embodiment is only for illustrating the present invention, rather than in order to limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
As it is shown in figure 1, the laser preparing apparatus of a kind of Metal Substrate carbon nano-composite material, including digital control system 1, vacuum forming chamber 7 and jacking system 13, in described vacuum forming chamber 7, it is provided with work 3 and substrate 14; Described vacuum forming chamber 7 is outside equipped with powder feeder 2, carbon-source gas generator 11, laser instrument 4 and laser transmission apparatus 5; Described powder feeder 2 controls work 3 and is layed in by metal dust on substrate 14; Described laser instrument 4 gives off laser beam and through laser transmission apparatus 5, metal dust is sintered; Described carbon-source gas hair generator 11 passes into carbon-source gas when being used in laser beam and metal dust being sintered; Described jacking system 13 is for controlling rising or falling of substrate 14; Described digital control system 1 is connected with laser instrument 4, powder feeder 2 and carbon-source gas generator 11 respectively.
In assembly of the invention, its digital control system is responsible for coordinating to control laser switch, laser species, laser power, metallic matrix kind (copper, nickel, ferrum etc.), active element source, paving bisque thickness, carbon source kind, carbon nanomaterial content, preheating temperature, scan the important technical parameters such as the focal position in border, scanning speed, sweep span, scanning strategy that shake.
As the improvement to the present embodiment, also include thermoregulator 12 and the temperature compensation means 15 being connected with thermoregulator, described thermoregulator 12 is connected with digital control system 1, and described thermoregulator 12 is used for controlling temperature compensation means 15 and laser sintered district is operated temperature-compensating and effectively controls;Described temperature compensation means is laid on the substrate 14 round laser sintered district.
As the improvement to the present embodiment; the preparation facilities of composite also includes the air inlet 8 and gas outlet 9 that are arranged on vacuum forming chamber 7; can carry out can to vacuum forming indoor injection protective gas time prepared by composite; the foreign gas in forming process can be made to discharge in time on the one hand; be conducive to the gas flow improving in forming room on the other hand; what greatly reduce protection gas makes consumption so that foreign gas can flow to direction, gas outlet.
Described gas outlet 9 is connected with exhaust gas processing device 10.
Powder spreader, laser instrument, thermoregulator etc. are carried out centralized Control by digital control system by the present invention, have the advantages such as real-time, processing speed is fast, and the present invention prepares Metal Substrate carbon nano-composite material efficiency height, precision is high, performance is good.
Embodiment 2
Fig. 2 illustrates the flow chart of the laser preparation method of Metal Substrate carbon nano-composite material;
The laser preparation method of a kind of Metal Substrate carbon nano-composite material, specifically includes following steps:
Step (1). set up the threedimensional model of parts, and it is discrete to carry out layering, generate scanning path data, and import data in digital control system;
Step (2). first to vacuum forming chamber evacuation, then to vacuum forming indoor injection noble gas, control the oxygen concentration in forming room within the scope of finite concentration;
Step (3). powder feeder, to vacuum forming indoor feeding metal dust, is laid layer of metal powder to substrate, is reclaimed by unnecessary metal dust simultaneously;
Step (4). according to default graph data, laser beam flying metal dust, forming focal beam spot in the processing plane of metal dust, fusing metal dust forms part monolayer cross section; Carbon-source gas generator passes into carbon-source gas simultaneously, when it is by high-temperature area, being pyrolyzed and catalysis generates all kinds of carbon nano-structured materials, described carbon nano-structured material carries out compound with the metallic matrix melted in process of setting, to form Metal Substrate carbon nano-composite material;
Step (5). according to the scanning pattern that step (1) generates, repeat step (3)～(5), the Three-dimension process of Metal Substrate carbon nano-composite material is realized, it is thus achieved that the nano combined parts of Metal Substrate carbon of molding by the method successively sintered.
As the improvement to the present embodiment, step (41) is also included between step (4) and step (5), described step (41) is particularly as follows: utilize infrared radiation thermometer testing laser sintering zone operating temperature, and utilizes thermoregulator control temperature compensation means laser sintered district is operated temperature-compensating and effectively controls;
As the improvement to the present embodiment, in whole forming process, introduce a small amount of titanium (Ti), nickel (Ni) isoreactivity element, between metallic matrix and carbon nanomaterial, reaction generates transition zone, the chemical bond utilizing transition zone increases the interface binding power of carbon nanomaterial and metallic matrix, thus improving the metallic matrix effect of impregnation to carbon nanomaterial, improve the performances such as the electricity of Metal Substrate carbon nano-composite material, heat, mechanics.
Ti, Ni isoreactivity element can sinter front metal dust Homogeneous phase mixing.
As the improvement to the present embodiment, metal dust first uses heater to preheat before being preset to substrate. By this step process, it is prevented from the warpage in forming process and crackle, it also is able to reduce powder and is completely melt the input requirements to laser energy, can under input condition at same laser, preheating is obtained in that shaping efficiency faster, preheating can reduce the moisture in metal dust, it is ensured that laser light incident is at dry powder surface.
The present invention adopts the preparation technology that precinct laser sintering method (SLS) and chemical vapour deposition technique (CVD) combine, by sintering layer of metal matrix, grow the equally distributed carbon nanomaterial of disperse formula on this basis simultaneously, the variforms such as its structure will with CNT, Graphene, Nano carbon balls exist, and combined closely each material component by transition zones such as TiC, pile up layer by layer and cohere, dispersed to prepare, the Metal Substrate carbon nano-composite material of strong construction. The present invention will shorten manufacturing cycle dramatically, improve preparation efficiency, produce given shape requirement, function with structure in conjunction with excellent Metal Substrate carbon nano-composite material product.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, it is clear that the present invention can be carried out various change and modification without deviating from the spirit and scope of the present invention by those skilled in the art. So, if these amendments of the present invention and modification belong within the scope of the claims in the present invention and equivalent technologies thereof, then the present invention is also intended to comprise these change and modification.
Claims (7)
1. the laser preparing apparatus of a Metal Substrate carbon nano-composite material, it is characterised in that: include digital control system (1), vacuum forming chamber (7) and jacking system (13), in described vacuum forming chamber (7), be provided with work head (3) and substrate (14); Described vacuum forming chamber (7) is outside equipped with powder feeder (2), carbon-source gas generator (11), laser instrument (4) and laser transmission apparatus (5); Described powder feeder (2) controls work head (3) and is layed in by metal dust on substrate (14); Described laser instrument (4) gives off laser beam and through laser transmission apparatus (5), metal dust is sintered; Described carbon-source gas hair generator (11) passes into carbon-source gas when being used in laser beam and metal dust being sintered; Described jacking system (13) is used for controlling rising or falling of substrate (14); Described digital control system (1) is connected with laser instrument (4), powder feeder (2) and carbon-source gas generator (11) respectively.
2. the laser preparing apparatus of Metal Substrate carbon nano-composite material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: also include thermoregulator (12) and the temperature compensation means (15) being connected with thermoregulator, described thermoregulator (12) is connected with digital control system (1), and described thermoregulator (12) is used for controlling temperature compensation means (15) and laser sintered district is operated temperature-compensating and effectively controls; Described temperature compensation means is laid on substrate (14) round laser sintered district.
3. the laser preparing apparatus of Metal Substrate carbon nano-composite material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: also include the air inlet (8) and gas outlet (9) that are arranged on vacuum forming chamber (7).
4. the laser preparing apparatus of Metal Substrate carbon nano-composite material according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: described gas outlet (9) are connected with exhaust gas processing device (10).
5. the laser preparation method of a Metal Substrate carbon nano-composite material, it is characterised in that: specifically include following steps:
Step (1). set up the threedimensional model of parts, and it is discrete to carry out layering, generate scanning path data, and import data in digital control system;
Step (2). to vacuum forming chamber evacuation, then to vacuum forming indoor injection noble gas, control the oxygen concentration in forming room within the scope of finite concentration;
Step (3). powder feeder, to vacuum forming indoor feeding metal dust, is laid layer of metal powder to substrate, is reclaimed by unnecessary metal dust simultaneously;
Step (4). according to default graph data, laser beam flying metal dust, forming focal beam spot in the processing plane of metal dust, fusing metal dust forms part monolayer cross section; Carbon-source gas is passed into while fusing metal dust, when it is by high-temperature area, being pyrolyzed and catalysis generates all kinds of carbon nano-structured materials, described carbon nano-structured material carries out compound with the metallic matrix melted in process of setting, to form Metal Substrate carbon nano-composite material;
Step (5). according to the scanning pattern that step (1) generates, repeat step (3) ~ (4), the Three-dimension process of Metal Substrate carbon nano-composite material is realized, it is thus achieved that the nano combined parts of Metal Substrate carbon of molding by the method successively sintered.
6. the laser preparation method of Metal Substrate carbon nano-composite material according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: described metal dust first uses heater to preheat before being preset to substrate.
7. the laser preparation method of Metal Substrate carbon nano-composite material according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: also include step (41) between step (4) and step (5); Described step (41) is particularly as follows: utilize infrared radiation thermometer testing laser sintering zone operating temperature, and by thermoregulator control temperature compensation means, laser sintered district is operated temperature-compensating and is effectively controlled.
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| CN105033254B (en) * | 2015-07-29 | 2016-08-24 | 南京航空航天大学 | Manufacture process technology based on CNTs and laser gain material and prepare the method that high-performance in_situ TiC strengthens titanium matrix composite workpiece |
| CN107983955A (en) * | 2016-10-17 | 2018-05-04 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空制造工程研究所 | A kind of preheating insulation device for selective laser fusing shaping |
| CN108465813A (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2018-08-31 | 中国科学院重庆绿色智能技术研究院 | The integral forming device and method of Metal Substrate carbon nano-composite material parts |
| CN108465814B (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2022-06-17 | 中国科学院重庆绿色智能技术研究院 | Laser preparation device and method for in-situ synthesis of TiC reinforced titanium-based composite material |
| WO2020214226A1 (en) * | 2019-01-27 | 2020-10-22 | Lyten, Inc. | Covetic materials |
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| WO2005059194A1 (en) * | 2003-12-18 | 2005-06-30 | Shimane Prefectural Government | Metal base carbon fiber composite material and process for producing the same |
| CN202052935U (en) * | 2011-04-15 | 2011-11-30 | 华中科技大学 | Laser-induction hybrid melting direct-forming device |
| CN103128284B (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2014-11-05 | 南昌航空大学 | Reinforced method of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) of laser-induced composite fused deposition gradient content for copper matrix composite materials |
| CN103773985B (en) * | 2014-02-26 | 2015-08-19 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of efficient original position prepares the method that Graphene strengthens Cu-base composites |
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