CN104081617B - 具有多个监控ic芯片的蓄电池管理单元 - Google Patents
具有多个监控ic芯片的蓄电池管理单元 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种蓄电池管理单元,其具有多个监控IC芯片(12),其中,多个监控IC芯片(12)中的每个被构造用于获取至少一个蓄电池单池或者至少一个包括预先确定的数量的蓄电池单池的蓄电池模块(10)的至少一个工作参数,并且连接到第一总线(14)。此外,该蓄电池管理单元还包括基本监控IC芯片(16),其同样连接到第一总线(14)并且被构造用于,通过第一总线(14)与多个监控IC芯片(12)中每个进行通信。以及该蓄电池管理单元还包括控制装置(18),其中,基本监控IC芯片(16)和控制装置(18)连接到第二总线(20)并且被构造用于,通过第二总线(20)相互通信。该基本监控IC芯片(16)和控制装置(18)安置在共同的电路板(22)上。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有多个监控IC芯片的蓄电池管理单元、具有根据本发明的蓄电池管理单元的蓄电池以及具有根据本发明的蓄电池的机动车。
背景技术
当前尤其在混合动力和电动车辆上,蓄电池使用锂离子或者镍金属氢化物技术,其具有大量的串联的电化学蓄电池单池。蓄电池管理单元被设置用于监控蓄电池,并除了安全监控以外应保证尽可能长的使用寿命。为此测量每个单个蓄电池的电压与蓄电池电流和蓄电池温度并进行状态估计(例如蓄电池的充电状态或者老化状态)。为了使使用寿命最大化,随时获悉蓄电池的实际给出的最大有效功率,即最大可给出的或最大可接收的电功率是有用的。若超过这个有效功率,则该蓄电池能够急剧加速老化。
为了使准确测量每个单个蓄电池单元的电压或者至少每个包括预先确定的数量的蓄电池单池的蓄电池模块的电压成为可能,根据技术现状已知多种蓄电池管理单元,其包括多个相继连接的监控IC(集成电路)芯片,该监控IC芯片此外还能够进行电压测量,并以菊花链的形式连接到内部总线,该内部总线使单个监控IC芯片之间的通信成为可能,而无需电流隔离或者使用高压电子技术。在此监控IC芯片与从待监控的蓄电池单池或者蓄电池模块中提供的电源电压一起处于电压链中,并这样地彼此通信,使得每个监控IC芯片只与相邻的监控IC芯片通信并且从具有较高的电压电平的监控IC芯片产生的通信数据传递给处于较低的电压电平的监控IC芯片。
基本监控IC芯片安置在关于通信总线的电压电平的最低端,其同样连接到第一通信总线并能够从多个监控IC芯片中每个中接收消息。此外,该基本监控IC芯片通过第二总线与控制装置连接,该控制装置通过第二总线接收进一步递送的数据。在基本监控IC芯片和控制装置之间通常进行电流隔离。
该监控IC芯片一般放置在分配给它的蓄电池模块附近,并且用于通过第一内部总线以及第二外部总线的通信的连接通过安装电缆束来实现。
根据现有技术已知IC芯片,其按照模块化原则或者能够配置成电压链下端的基本监控IC芯片,即具有用于与控制装置进行外部通信的接口以及与电压链上其他的监控IC芯片进行通信的接口,或者能够配置成菊花链上的监控IC芯片。
用于在各个监控IC芯片之间进行内部通信的第一总线通常被设置针对减小的EMV(电磁兼容性)辐射和增大的EMV辐射耐受力,而用于控制装置的外部通信的第二总线一般适用标准化的而且非专用的总线,其用于与包括微控制器的控制装置进行通信。在此通常使用从EMV的观点看不考虑通过较长距离的经由电缆运载的协议。
发明内容
根据本发明提供一种具有多个监控IC芯片的蓄电池管理单元。IC芯片也被理解为集成电路或微芯片。多个监控IC芯片中的每个被构造用于获取至少一个蓄电池单池的至少一个工作参数。此外,多个监控IC芯片中的每个都连接到第一总线。该蓄电池管理单元还包括同样连接到第一总线的基本监控IC芯片。该基本监控IC芯片被构造用于通过第一总线与多个监控IC芯片中的每个进行通信。此外,该蓄电池管理单元还包括控制装置。该基本监控IC芯片和该控制装置连接到第二总线并且被构造用于,通过第二总线彼此通信。在此,该基本监控IC芯片和该控制装置安置在共同的电路板上。
该基本监控IC芯片能够被构造用于通过第一总线应用第一总线协议和通过第二总线应用不同于第一总线协议的第二总线协议进行通信。通常,作为用于在各个监控IC芯片之间进行内部通信和将其数据传递到基本监控IC芯片的第一总线协议,使用这样的使属于第一总线的电缆通过分配给单个蓄电池单池或者蓄电池模块的不同的电路板之间的较长的距离的引导成为可能的协议,其被这样地选择,使得其耐受EMV并且对干扰辐射是足够鲁棒的。在此经常涉及差分的、非标准化的协议。反之,作为用于在基本监控IC芯片和控制装置之间进行外部通信的第二总线协议,通常使用标准化的并且不是被构造用于在电缆上通过较长的距离进行引导的协议。其示例是SPI(串行***接口)总线或者I2C(集成电路间)总线。这样的协议关于EMV产生高的辐射度,因为往往无差分总线地传输高的数据率。另一方面,通常使用的协议对电磁辐射敏感,因为数据是单端传递的。当在此在第二总线的电缆上受到由外部干扰源产生的附加的干扰信号时,这能够导致所连接的组件再无法理解第二总线协议。通过该基本监控IC芯片和控制装置安置在共同的电路板上,该第二总线也能够被这样地安置在电路板上,使得该第二总线避免电磁的辐射射入和辐射射出。
优选地,该基本监控IC芯片不是构造用于获取蓄电池单池或者蓄电池模块的工作参数。这具有以下优点,不需要有测量电缆从蓄电池单池或者蓄电池模块引到包括基本监控IC芯片的电路板。因此,该基本监控IC芯片不像分配给单个蓄电池单池或者蓄电池模块的其余的多个监控IC芯片,而是仅仅用来收集由监控IC芯片产生的通信数据,并进一步传递给控制装置。只需要用于第一总线的内部通信的电缆束引向包括基本监控IC芯片和控制装置的电路板。
此外优选地,多个监控IC芯片中的至少一些以菊花链拓扑的形式连接到第一总线。
在该电路板上能够安置电流隔离单元,其将基本监控IC芯片与控制装置彼此电流隔离。
多个监控IC芯片中的每个被构造用于获取蓄电池单池或者蓄电池模块的电压。
在本发明的一个优选的实施例中规定,基本监控IC芯片作为主机配置在第一总线上,而多个监控IC芯片中的每个则作为从机配置在第一总线上。
在该电路板上能够安置电压供给单元,其被构造用于向基本监控IC芯片提供电源电压。
该基本监控IC芯片能够被构造用于获取包括多个蓄电池单池的蓄电池的至少另一个工作参数,尤其是蓄电池电流或者蓄电池总电压。
本发明的另一个方面涉及一种具有根据本发明的蓄电池管理单元的蓄电池,优选为锂离子蓄电池,以及具有根据本发明的蓄电池的机动车。
附图说明
根据附图和下面的说明进一步阐述本发明的实施例。其中:
图1示出了按照现有技术的蓄电池管理单元;
图2和3示出了根据本发明的第一实施例的蓄电池管理单元;以及
图4示出了根据本发明的第二实施例的蓄电池管理单元。
具体实施方式
图1示出了按照现有技术的蓄电池管理单元,其是整体用100标示的蓄电池的一部分。该蓄电池管理单元包括多个监控IC芯片12,该些监控IC芯片以菊花链拓扑连接在内部总线14上。多个监控IC芯片12中的每个被构造用于,测量分配给它的蓄电池模块10上施加的电压,其中,蓄电池模块10包括预先确定的数目的蓄电池单池,例如6个至12个蓄电池单池(在图1中只是示意地示出)。蓄电池模块10还能够只包括一个蓄电池单池,在这种情况下分配给该蓄电池单池的监控IC芯片12测量在该蓄电池单池处的单个电压。多个蓄电池模块10是串联连接的。每个蓄电池模块10向分配给它的监控IC芯片12提供供电电压,使得多个监控IC芯片12处于上升的电压链中。
每个监控IC芯片12通过内部总线14在必要的情况下从电压链上位的监控IC芯片12接收数据并且把所接收的数据连同它本身产生的数据一起传递给处于电压链上更低的相邻的监控IC芯片12。在该电压链下端安排基本监控IC芯片16,它接收所有由监控IC芯片12产生的递送来的数据,并通过与之连接的外部总线20进一步递送给同样连接在外部总线20上的并包括一个或者两个微控制器的控制装置18。每个监控IC芯片12都安置在各自的电路板上,该电路板安置在分配给它的蓄电池模块10附近。
内部总线14使用差分协议,其考虑到鲁棒性和电磁兼容性被这样地选择,使得内部总线14的电缆能够通过一个较长的距离并通过多个电路板引导,而在内部总线14上的通信不受干扰。反之,在外部总线20上使用一个总线协议,其是单端传递而且用一个微控制器针对通信进行优化。这样的协议在电磁兼容性方面易受干扰,而且尤其不是为了通过较长的电缆距离传递而设计的。
电流隔离单元24一方面隔离基本监控IC芯片16与外部总线20的第一部分,而另一方面,外部总线20的第二部分和控制装置18彼此隔离。此外,在该电流隔离单元24中设置外部总线20的第一部分的电压供给。
图2示出了按照本发明的第一实施例的蓄电池管理单元。与图1所示的按照现有技术的蓄电池管理单元相反,按照本发明的蓄电池管理单元具有共同的电路板22,在该电路板上安置基本监控IC芯片16和控制装置18。该基本监控IC芯片16不分配给任何蓄电池模块10。相反地,只有其他的监控IC芯片12分别分配给蓄电池模块10,以测量其电压。通过基本监控IC芯片16不分配给蓄电池模块,不需要把测量电缆从蓄电池模块引到控制装置的电路板22上。
处于由多个安置在菊花链拓扑中的监控IC芯片12形成的电压链的下端的基本监控IC芯片16,通过内部总线14接收由多个监控IC芯片12递送的数据,并通过外部总线20将其发送到控制装置18。通过该基本监控IC芯片16和控制装置18安排在一个共同的电路板上,外部总线20能够这样地在该电路板上安置,使得防止电磁辐射进入和射出该外部总线。例如,外部总线20能够通过电路板22的连续的接地位置布置,以此防止电磁耦合。安置在电路板22上的基本监控IC芯片16到用于蓄电池电压测量的第一模块10之间的连接通过具有优于外部总线20的EMV特性的内部总线的14的电缆束实现。
电流隔离单元24安置在电路板22上,它把基本监控IC芯片16与控制装置18彼此电流隔离。
在图2所示的配置上基本监控IC芯片16能够作为主机配置在第一总线14上,而多个监控IC芯片12中的每个作为从机配置。
按照本发明的第一实施例,该蓄电池管理单元还能够被这样构造,使得控制装置18获取其他的测量量,该些测量量对于评估蓄电池100的按规定的功能性是重要的,如图3所示。电流测量装置26获取流过蓄电池100的蓄电池电流。电压测量单元28测量蓄电池100的总电压。这两个测量装置26、28将其测量数据通过电流隔离单元30、32传输给控制装置18。该相关的多个测量量对应于多个量,该多个量与蓄电池100电流连接。
图4示出了按照本发明的第二实施例的蓄电池管理单元,其由此不同于图3所示的实施例,即通过测量单元26、28确定的测量数据传输给基本监控IC芯片16。通过该基本监控IC芯片16通过电流隔离单元24与控制装置18电流隔离,在这种情况下省去测量单元26、28的附加的电流隔离的必要性,例如它们通过图3的电流隔离单元30、32变换。因此这是有利的,因为电流隔离总是与高成本相连,其对蓄电池管理单元的成本产生影响。
由于基本监控IC芯片16不分配给蓄电池模块10,也不进行蓄电池模块10的电压测量,该基本监控IC芯片通常具有未使用的多个测量输入端,该多个测量输入端能够被用于测量其他的参数,该些参数与蓄电池电压的电位相联系。于是,该些测量值能够通过外部总线20和通过已经存在的电流隔离单元24传递给控制装置18。用作基本监控IC芯片16的组件通常能够测量六至十二个蓄电池电压,并通过NTC(负温度系数)测量传感器测量二至六个温度,并且该组件通常还占用可供自由使用的其上能够测量电压的输入端。因此,该未使用的多个输入端供用于测量其他的电压的相应的电路支配。因此,必须由控制装置18确定的其他参数能够用相应的适应电路借助于该些未使用的输入端被测量。
以此免去对于测量通常需要的电流隔离以及测量值要求的数字化。
Claims (13)
1.一种蓄电池管理单元,其具有多个监控IC芯片(12),其中,所述多个监控IC芯片(12)中的每个被构造用于获取至少一个蓄电池单池或者包括预先确定的数量的蓄电池单池的蓄电池模块(10)的至少一个工作参数并且连接到第一总线(14);所述蓄电池管理单元还具有基本监控IC芯片(16),所述基本监控IC芯片同样连接到所述第一总线(14)并且被构造用于,通过所述第一总线(14)与所述多个监控IC芯片(12)中的每个进行通信;所述蓄电池管理单元还具有控制装置(18),其中,所述基本监控IC芯片(16)和所述控制装置(18)连接到第二总线(20)并且被构造用于,通过所述第二总线(20)相互通信,其特征在于,所述基本监控IC芯片(16)和所述控制装置(18)被安置在共同的电路板(22)上,其中所述第二总线(20)如此地安置在所述电路板(22)上,使得所述第二总线避免电磁的辐射进入和辐射射出。
2.根据权利要求1所述的蓄电池管理单元,其中,所述基本监控IC芯片(16)被构造用于通过所述第一总线(14)应用第一总线协议并且通过第二总线(20)应用第二总线协议进行通信。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的蓄电池管理单元,其中,所述基本监控IC芯片(16)不被构造用于获取蓄电池单池或蓄电池模块(10)的工作参数。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的蓄电池管理单元,其中,所述多个监控IC芯片(12)中的至少一些以菊花链拓扑连接到所述第一总线(14)。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的蓄电池管理单元,其中,在所述电路板(22)上安置有电流隔离单元(24),所述电流隔离单元将所述基本监控IC芯片(16)与所述控制装置(18)彼此电流隔离。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的蓄电池管理单元,其中,所述多个监控IC芯片(12)中的每个被构造用于获取蓄电池单池或者蓄电池模块(10)的电压。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的蓄电池管理单元,其中,所述基本监控IC芯片(16)作为主机配置在所述第一总线(14)上,并且其中,所述多个监控IC芯片(12)中的每个作为从机配置在所述第一总线(14)上。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的蓄电池管理单元,其中,在所述电路板(22)安置有电压供给单元(24),所述电压供给单元被构造用于为所述基本监控IC芯片(16)提供电源电压。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的蓄电池管理单元,其中,所述基本监控IC芯片(16)被构造用于获取包括多个蓄电池单池(10)的蓄电池(100)的至少另一个工作参数。
10.根据权利要求9所述的蓄电池管理单元,其中,包括多个蓄电池单池(10)的蓄电池(100)的至少另一个工作参数包括:蓄电池电流或蓄电池总电压。
11.一种蓄电池(100),其具有多个蓄电池单池(10)和根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的蓄电池管理单元。
12.一种机动车,其包括根据权利要求11所述的蓄电池。
13.根据权利要求12所述机动车,其中所述机动车是电动车。
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