A kind of production process of polypeptide improving protein utilization
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preparation method of peptide, be specifically related to a kind of production process of polypeptide improving protein utilization.
Background technology
Polypeptide typically refers to the material in its peptide chain with 2-50 amino acid residue.Compared with the protein of big molecule, different polypeptide has different physiological functions, such as: delay the aging of body, reduces the generation of various geriatric disease;Suppression skin aging;Hypotensive, reducing blood lipid, improves immunity.Polypeptide, in addition to having various physiological function, also can improve the stability of food, extends the storage phase of food, and has the features such as dissolubility is good, good processability, non-allergy, easy absorption.Therefore, polypeptide is the important dispensing of food, health products and nutriment.
The source of polypeptide includes: (1) extracts from native organism;(2) produce during pipe intestinal digesting protein, or produced by external enzymolysis protein;(3) chemical synthesis, enzymatic clarification or the synthesis of recombinant DNA technology.Owing to content seldom or extracts difficulty, the polypeptide extracted from native organism can not meet the large-scale demand of the mankind.The chemical synthesis that pharmacology level polypeptide is conventional has side reaction to occur, and these accessory substances are harmful.Production by Enzymes polypeptide has the advantages such as working condition is gentle, security is high, cheap because of it, is the main stream approach producing polypeptide.
The raw material producing polypeptide includes vegetable protein, animal protein and algae protein.Vegetable protein includes soybean protein, wheat germ protein, zeins, rapeseed protein, peanut protein, tea seed albumen, sunflower protein etc.;Animal protein includes lactoprotein, fish protein, ovalbumin, collagen etc.;Algae protein includes splitting kettle algae albumen, spirulina protein, Kou Shi hidden dinoflagellate albumen, my Ken Shi algae albumen etc..
Existing production process of polypeptide typically uses a kind of protease or the combination of multiple protein enzyme, carries out primary enzymolysis, and its defect is that protein utilization is relatively low, typically in 40% (weight) below.In order to improve yield or protein utilization, the modes such as the consumption of increase enzyme, prolongation reaction time that are usually taken meet, but, it practice, the enzymolysis parameters such as the consumption of enzyme, reaction time are mutually restrictions, under certain conditions, yield or protein utilization is improved by extending the reaction time, its effect is the most inconspicuous, and can produce substantial amounts of free amino acid, affects the quality of product.
It addition, in the production process of polypeptide, one of problems faced is desalination, because repeatedly regulating pH value in enzymolysis process, in enzymolysis liquid, the content of salt is higher.Come out although enzymolysis can make originally to be imbedded in the hydrophobic amino acid within protein molecule, so that protein zymolyte is adsorbed onto the hydrophobic surface of resin from aqueous phase by hydrophobic effect, and the opposed polarity of available variable concentrations eluant, eluent carries out grading purification to protein zymolyte, inorganic salts in zymolyte are not then because being removed when water elution by resin adsorption, but these method complex process, cost is the highest.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is to provide a kind of production process of polypeptide improving protein utilization, this production process of polypeptide is by three times relatively independent continuous enzymolysis, the protein utilization to raw material can be improved, colory polypeptide products can be obtained again.The technical scheme used is as follows:
A kind of production process of polypeptide improving protein utilization, it is characterised in that in turn include the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of raw material: take proteinaceous raw material, obtains the first feed liquid after soaking;
(2) homogeneous processes: carry out homogeneous process after the first feed liquid that step (1) obtains being stirred;
(3) alkali protease enzymolysis: adjust its temperature to 37-50 DEG C after the first feed liquid sterilizing after being processed by homogeneous, and regulate its pH value to 7.5-9.5, it is subsequently adding the protease accounting for raw material weight 1-5%, enzymolysis 1-3 hour in the case of stirring;
Protease used by this step is a kind of or combination of two of which in alkali protease, trypsase and Protamex compound protease;
(4) go out for the first time enzyme, centrifugation: go out enzyme by the enzymolysis liquid that step (3) obtains, and is then centrifuged 10-15 minute with the rotating speed of 3000-4500 rev/min, obtains supernatant A and precipitate A;
(5) neutral protease enzymolysis: precipitate A added water and stir, obtains the second feed liquid;Then the temperature of the second feed liquid is adjusted to 37-50 DEG C, and regulates its pH value to 7.0-7.5, add the protease accounting for precipitate A weight 2-8%, enzymolysis 1-3 hour in the case of stirring;
Protease used by this step is the combination of a kind of or two of which in neutral proteinase, papain and food flavor enzyme;
(6) second time is gone out enzyme, centrifugation: go out enzyme by the enzymolysis liquid that step (5) obtains, and is then centrifuged 10-15 minute with the rotating speed of 3000-4500 rev/min, obtains supernatant B and precipitate B;
(7) acid protease enzymolysis: precipitate B added water and stir, obtains the 3rd feed liquid;Then the temperature of the 3rd feed liquid is adjusted to 37-50 DEG C, and regulates its pH value to 3-5, add the protease accounting for precipitate B weight 1-5%, enzymolysis 1-2 hour in the case of stirring;
Protease used by this step is the one in acid protease and pepsin or a combination of both;
(8) third time is gone out enzyme, centrifugation: go out enzyme by the enzymolysis liquid that step (7) obtains, and is then centrifuged 10-15 minute with the rotating speed of 3000-4500 rev/min, discards precipitation, obtains supernatant C;
(9) supernatant A, supernatant B and supernatant C mixed and be mixed the pH value of liquid and be adjusted to 6.5-7.0, obtaining polypeptide mixed liquor;
(10) remove the water in polypeptide mixed liquor, obtain polypeptide.
In preferred steps (1), raw materials used protein content > 35% (weight).
In preferred steps (1), the weight of the water added is 8-10 times of raw material;Soak time is 30-60 minute.
In preferred steps (2), homogeneous process temperature be 45-60 DEG C, pressure be 10-20MPa under conditions of carry out.
In preferred steps (3), the first feed liquid sterilizing 15-30 minute at 85-95 DEG C after homogeneous is processed, it is subsequently cooled to 37-50 DEG C.
In preferred steps (4), enzymolysis liquid step (3) obtained goes out enzyme 10-15 minute at 85-95 DEG C.
In preferred steps (5), the weight of the water added is 6-8 times of precipitate A.
In preferred steps (6), enzymolysis liquid step (5) obtained goes out enzyme 10-15 minute at 85-95 DEG C.
In preferred steps (7), the weight of the water added is 6-8 times of precipitate B.
In preferred steps (8), enzymolysis liquid step (7) obtained goes out enzyme 10-15 minute at 85-95 DEG C.
In step (10), it is spray-dried (be concentrated in vacuo, be spray-dried the processing procedure being removing water) after being concentrated in vacuo by polypeptide mixed liquor, obtains polypeptide.
The present invention amino acid classes to forming substrate protein in raw material, quantity and sequence do not specially require, the raw material that can be used for producing polypeptide includes the dregs of beans (containing vegetable protein) after soybean degreasing, (rapeseed carries the accessory substance after oil to rapeseed dregs, containing vegetable protein), wheat embryo, peanut meal (shelled peanut accessory substance after oil plant is refined in squeezing, rich in vegetable protein), sunflower seed dregs (sunflower seeds accessory substance after prepressing or direct leaching squeeze grease), split and split the kettle algae dregs of rice (containing algae protein) after kettle algae carries oil, spirulina, the hidden dinoflagellate of Kou Shi or its carry the algae dregs of rice (containing algae protein) after oil, my Ken Shi algae or its carry the algae dregs of rice (containing algae protein) after oil, WPC (containing animal protein), fish scale, pigskin etc..
The present invention is according to the different enzymes principle different to the enzymolysis site of protein, use the mode of three enzymolysis, reach to improve the purpose of protein utilization rate, it may be assumed that use the combination of a kind of or two of which in alkali protease, Protmex and trypsase to carry out enzymolysis the most in the basic conditions;The combination using a kind of or two of which in neutral proteinase, food flavor enzyme and papain the most in neutral conditions carries out enzymolysis;The most in acid condition, the one in acid protease and pepsin or a combination of both is used to carry out enzymolysis.By the enzymolysis under three different conditions, protein contained in raw material is made to be fully used, protein utilization > 80%, and the product content of peptides obtained is high.
The present invention, by using suitable enzymolysis time, controls suitable Degree of Enzymatic Hydrolysis (degree of hydrolysis), to reduce the generation of free amino acid.And, three times enzymolysis is relatively independent, isolates supernatant after each enzymolysis, then precipitation is continued enzymolysis and (i.e. isolates supernatant, then the precipitation enzymolysis produced it with neutral proteinase after alkali protease enzymolysis;Supernatant, then the precipitation enzymolysis it produced with acid protease is isolated after neutral protease enzymolysis), to reduce the generation of free amino acid further, the free aminoacid content in final products is reduced.
The present invention is on the premise of suitably adjusting pH value, by the way of conservative control enzymolysis time, conservative control enzymolysis order, salt content is controlled, the initial pH value of every kind of enzymolysis liquid only need to be adjusted during enzymolysis, the product eventually formed recalls to neutrality, without desalination, thus Simplified flowsheet reduce cost.
The polypeptide products good water solubility that the present invention obtains, protein content reaches more than 70% (weight), can use as the dispensing of food, health products and nutriment, is particularly suitable in the product higher to solubility and hypoallergenic requirement.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
In the present embodiment, the production process of polypeptide improving protein utilization in turn includes the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of raw material: take proteinaceous raw material (raw material is the dregs of beans after soybean degreasing, its protein content > 45% (weight)), obtain the first feed liquid after soaking;
In this step (1), the weight of the water added is 8 times of raw material;Soak time is 60 minutes.
(2) homogeneous processes: carry out homogeneous process after the first feed liquid that step (1) obtains being stirred;
In this step (2), homogeneous process temperature be 45 DEG C, pressure be 20MPa under conditions of carry out.
(3) alkali protease enzymolysis: adjust its temperature after the first feed liquid sterilizing after being processed by homogeneous to 37 DEG C of (the first feed liquid sterilizing 30 minutes at 85 DEG C after being processed by homogeneous, it is subsequently cooled to 37 DEG C), and regulate its pH value to 7.5, it is subsequently adding the protease (being alkali protease) accounting for raw material weight 1%, enzymolysis 3 hours in the case of stirring;
(4) go out for the first time enzyme, centrifugation: enzyme that the enzymolysis liquid that step (3) obtains is gone out (enzymolysis liquid that step (3) is obtained go out at 85 DEG C enzyme 10 minutes), be then centrifuged 15 minutes with the rotating speed of 3000 revs/min, obtain supernatant A and precipitate A;
(5) neutral protease enzymolysis: add water precipitate A and stir 6 times of precipitate A (weight of the water added be), obtains the second feed liquid;Then the temperature of the second feed liquid is adjusted to 37 DEG C, and regulates its pH value to 7.0, add the protease (being neutral proteinase) accounting for precipitate A weight 2%, enzymolysis 3 hours in the case of stirring;
(6) second time is gone out enzyme, centrifugation: the enzyme that gone out by the enzymolysis liquid that step (5) obtains (enzymolysis liquid step (5) obtained go out at 95 DEG C enzyme 10 minutes), is then centrifuged 15 minutes with the rotating speed of 3000 revs/min, obtains supernatant B and precipitate B;
(7) acid protease enzymolysis: add water precipitate B and stir 6 times of precipitate B (weight of the water added be), obtains the 3rd feed liquid;Then the temperature of the 3rd feed liquid is adjusted to 37 DEG C, and regulates its pH value to 3, add the protease (being pepsin) accounting for precipitate B weight 1%, enzymolysis 2 hours in the case of stirring;
(8) third time is gone out enzyme, centrifugation: the enzyme that gone out by the enzymolysis liquid that step (7) obtains (enzymolysis liquid step (7) obtained go out at 85 DEG C enzyme 15 minutes), is then centrifuged 15 minutes with the rotating speed of 3000 revs/min, discards precipitation, obtain supernatant C;
(9) supernatant A, supernatant B and supernatant C mixed and be mixed the pH value of liquid and be adjusted to 6.5, obtaining polypeptide mixed liquor;
(10) remove the water in polypeptide mixed liquor, obtain polypeptide.
In this step (10), it is spray-dried (be concentrated in vacuo, be spray-dried the processing procedure being removing water) after being concentrated in vacuo by polypeptide mixed liquor, obtains polypeptide.
The protein utilization of the present embodiment > 80%(weight), the protein content of the polypeptide products obtained > and 70%(weight).
Embodiment 2
In the present embodiment, the production process of polypeptide improving protein utilization in turn includes the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of raw material: take proteinaceous raw material (raw material is WPC, its protein content > 35% (weight)), obtain the first feed liquid after soaking;
In this step (1), the weight of the water added is 10 times of raw material;Soak time is 30 minutes.
(2) homogeneous processes: carry out homogeneous process after the first feed liquid that step (1) obtains being stirred;
In this step (2), homogeneous process temperature be 60 DEG C, pressure be 10MPa under conditions of carry out.
(3) alkali protease enzymolysis: adjust its temperature after the first feed liquid sterilizing after being processed by homogeneous to 50 DEG C of (the first feed liquid sterilizing 15 minutes at 95 DEG C after being processed by homogeneous, it is subsequently cooled to 50 DEG C), and regulate its pH value to 9.5, it is subsequently adding protease (trypsase and the combination of Protamex compound protease accounting for raw material weight 5%, wherein trypsase and Protamex compound protease weight respectively account for half), enzymolysis 1 hour in the case of stirring;
(4) go out for the first time enzyme, centrifugation: enzyme that the enzymolysis liquid that step (3) obtains is gone out (enzymolysis liquid that step (3) is obtained go out at 95 DEG C enzyme 10 minutes), be then centrifuged 10 minutes with the rotating speed of 4500 revs/min, obtain supernatant A and precipitate A;
(5) neutral protease enzymolysis: add water precipitate A and stir 8 times of precipitate A (weight of the water added be), obtains the second feed liquid;Then the temperature of the second feed liquid is adjusted to 50 DEG C, and regulate its pH value to 7.5, add the protease (papain and the combination of food flavor enzyme, wherein papain and food flavor enzyme weight respectively account for half) accounting for precipitate A weight 8%, enzymolysis 1 hour in the case of stirring;
(6) second time is gone out enzyme, centrifugation: the enzyme that gone out by the enzymolysis liquid that step (5) obtains (enzymolysis liquid step (5) obtained go out at 95 DEG C enzyme 10 minutes), is then centrifuged 10 minutes with the rotating speed of 4500 revs/min, obtains supernatant B and precipitate B;
(7) acid protease enzymolysis: add water precipitate B and stir 8 times of precipitate B (weight of the water added be), obtains the 3rd feed liquid;Then the temperature of the 3rd feed liquid is adjusted to 50 DEG C, and regulates its pH value to 5, add the protease (being pepsin) accounting for precipitate B weight 5%, enzymolysis 1 hour in the case of stirring;
(8) third time is gone out enzyme, centrifugation: the enzyme that gone out by the enzymolysis liquid that step (7) obtains (enzymolysis liquid step (7) obtained go out at 95 DEG C enzyme 10 minutes), is then centrifuged 10 minutes with the rotating speed of 4500 revs/min, discards precipitation, obtain supernatant C;
(9) supernatant A, supernatant B and supernatant C mixed and be mixed the pH value of liquid and be adjusted to 7.0, obtaining polypeptide mixed liquor;
(10) remove the water in polypeptide mixed liquor, obtain polypeptide.
In this step (10), it is spray-dried (be concentrated in vacuo, be spray-dried the processing procedure being removing water) after being concentrated in vacuo by polypeptide mixed liquor, obtains polypeptide.
The protein utilization of the present embodiment > 80%(weight), the protein content of the polypeptide products obtained > and 70%(weight).
Embodiment 3
In the present embodiment, the production process of polypeptide improving protein utilization in turn includes the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of raw material: take proteinaceous raw material (raw material is to split to split the kettle algae dregs of rice, its protein content after kettle algae carries oil > 40% (weight)), obtain the first feed liquid after soaking;
In this step (1), the weight of the water added is 9 times of raw material;Soak time is 45 minutes.
(2) homogeneous processes: carry out homogeneous process after the first feed liquid that step (1) obtains being stirred;
In this step (2), homogeneous process temperature be 50 DEG C, pressure be 15MPa under conditions of carry out.
(3) alkali protease enzymolysis: adjust its temperature after the first feed liquid sterilizing after being processed by homogeneous to 45 DEG C of (the first feed liquid sterilizing 20 minutes at 90 DEG C after being processed by homogeneous, it is subsequently cooled to 45 DEG C), and regulate its pH value to 8.0, it is subsequently adding the protease (being Protamex compound protease) accounting for raw material weight 3%, enzymolysis 2 hours in the case of stirring;
(4) go out for the first time enzyme, centrifugation: enzyme that the enzymolysis liquid that step (3) obtains is gone out (enzymolysis liquid that step (3) is obtained go out at 90 DEG C enzyme 12 minutes), be then centrifuged 11 minutes with the rotating speed of 4000 revs/min, obtain supernatant A and precipitate A;
(5) neutral protease enzymolysis: add water precipitate A and stir 7 times of precipitate A (weight of the water added be), obtains the second feed liquid;Then the temperature of the second feed liquid is adjusted to 40 DEG C, and regulate its pH value to 7.5, add the protease (papain and the combination of food flavor enzyme, wherein papain and food flavor enzyme weight respectively account for half) accounting for precipitate A weight 4%, enzymolysis 2 hours in the case of stirring;
(6) second time is gone out enzyme, centrifugation: the enzyme that gone out by the enzymolysis liquid that step (5) obtains (enzymolysis liquid step (5) obtained go out at 90 DEG C enzyme 12 minutes), is then centrifuged 15 minutes with the rotating speed of 3500 revs/min, obtains supernatant B and precipitate B;
(7) acid protease enzymolysis: add water precipitate B and stir 7 times of precipitate B (weight of the water added be), obtains the 3rd feed liquid;Then the temperature of the 3rd feed liquid is adjusted to 45 DEG C, and regulate its pH value to 4, add the protease (acid protease and pepsic combination, wherein acid protease and pepsin weight respectively account for half) accounting for precipitate B weight 3%, enzymolysis 1.5 hours in the case of stirring;
(8) third time is gone out enzyme, centrifugation: the enzyme that gone out by the enzymolysis liquid that step (7) obtains (enzymolysis liquid step (7) obtained go out at 90 DEG C enzyme 12 minutes), is then centrifuged 12 minutes with the rotating speed of 3500 revs/min, discards precipitation, obtain supernatant C;
(9) supernatant A, supernatant B and supernatant C mixed and be mixed the pH value of liquid and be adjusted to 6.8, obtaining polypeptide mixed liquor;
(10) remove the water in polypeptide mixed liquor, obtain polypeptide.
In this step (10), it is spray-dried (be concentrated in vacuo, be spray-dried the processing procedure being removing water) after being concentrated in vacuo by polypeptide mixed liquor, obtains polypeptide.
The protein utilization of the present embodiment > 80%(weight), the protein content of the polypeptide products obtained > and 70%(weight).