CN104070355B - The successful method and device of parts assembly under a kind of Priority level for location constraint - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides the successful method and device of parts assembly under a kind of Priority level for location constraint.Methods described, including：Obtain the assembly information of Products Digital model machine；According to assembly information, obtain the interior positioning relation between assembly features and between part of part；According to positioning relation, obtain assembly features variable parameter with respect to assembling nominal position before cooperation；According to assembly features with respect to the variable parameter of assembling nominal position, obtain the constraints of gap cooperation；According to constraints, obtain parts assembly success rate；Parts assembly success rate and preset value are compared, draw a comparative result；When comparative result shows that assembly yield is less than preset value, point out the build-up tolerance of adjustment part；Parts assembly success rate is obtained again according to the build-up tolerance after adjustment, until described parts assembly success rate is more than or equal to preset value.Using said method adjustment parts assembly tolerance grade rationally it is ensured that the accurate installation of part.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering, in particular to a method and a device for successfully assembling parts under the constraint of positioning priority.
Background
In the assembling process of mechanical products, the parts are mostly positioned and connected through the fitting or matching of one or more pairs of assembling characteristics so as to meet the functional requirements of the products. Due to the existence of manufacturing errors, the assembly characteristics on the parts deviate from the nominal position, the size of the fit clearance is influenced, the parts can not be assembled in place due to geometric interference, and the interchangeability of the parts is influenced. The existing tolerance adjusting mode has poor accuracy, so that the assembly tolerance precision is unreasonable, and the assembly power of parts cannot be ensured.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method and a device for successfully assembling parts under the constraint of positioning priority, which are used for solving the problem that the assembly power of the parts is difficult to guarantee due to low accuracy of a part assembly tolerance adjustment mode in the prior art.
In order to solve the above technical problem, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for successfully assembling a part under a constraint of positioning priority, including:
acquiring assembly information of a product digital prototype;
acquiring a positioning relation between assembly characteristics in the parts and between the parts according to the assembly information;
acquiring a variation parameter of the assembly characteristic relative to an assembly nominal position before matching according to the positioning relation;
acquiring a constraint condition of clearance fit according to the variation parameter of the assembly characteristic relative to the assembly nominal position;
acquiring the assembly success rate of the parts according to the constraint conditions;
comparing the assembly success rate of the parts with a preset value to obtain a comparison result;
when the comparison result shows that the assembling power is smaller than the preset value, prompting to adjust the assembling tolerance of the part;
and acquiring the assembly success rate of the parts again according to the adjusted assembly tolerance until the assembly success rate of the parts is greater than or equal to a preset value.
Further, the step of obtaining the positioning relationship between the assembly features in the parts and between the parts according to the assembly information includes:
acquiring all assembly target features on the positioned part and all assembly reference features on the positioned part according to the assembly information;
establishing a positioning relation between the assembly target features and the assembly reference features among the parts according to the all assembly target features and the all assembly reference features, and determining the priority of the positioning relation based on the positioning sequence;
and establishing the positioning relation among the assembling target characteristics in the part and among the assembling reference characteristics according to the priority of the positioning relation.
Further, the obtaining of the variation parameter of the assembling feature relative to the assembling nominal position before the fitting according to the positioning relationship specifically includes:
acquiring position tolerance information, direction tolerance information and dimension tolerance information of the assembly features;
respectively acquiring relative variation parameters between the assembly reference features and the assembly target features according to the position tolerance information and the direction tolerance information;
acquiring a matching variation parameter between the assembly reference feature and the assembly target feature according to the dimensional tolerance information;
and acquiring the constraint direction among the assembly features according to the priority of the positioning relation, and limiting the relative variable parameters and the matching variable parameters so as to obtain the variable parameters of the assembly features relative to the assembly nominal position before matching.
Further, the step of deriving the constraint condition of clearance fit according to the variation parameter of the assembly characteristic relative to the nominal assembly position comprises:
obtaining model information of a product digital prototype;
determining the matching type of clearance fit between parts according to the geometric information in the model information;
acquiring nominal coordinates of contact positions of the assembly target features and the assembly reference features during matching;
constraints on the clearance fit between the variations in the fit-up characteristics are obtained by ensuring that contact occurs or that there is a clearance between all contact locations, based on the nominal coordinates of the contact locations.
Further, the fitting types include: parallel plane mating, cylindrical surface mating, conical surface mating, and spherical surface mating.
Further, the step of obtaining the assembly success rate of the parts according to the constraint conditions comprises:
acquiring the actual variation size of the assembly characteristic relative to the assembly nominal position before the assembly;
judging whether the actual variation size meets the constraint condition or not, and obtaining a judgment result;
acquiring the successful matching times and the total matching times of each pair of assembly features according to the judgment result;
acquiring the assembly power between each pair of assembly features according to the successful assembly times and the total assembly times of each pair of assembly features;
and acquiring the assembly success rate of the parts according to the assembly power between each pair of assembly features.
Further, when the comparison result indicates that the assembly power is less than the preset value, the prompting of adjusting the assembly tolerance of the part specifically includes:
and when the comparison result shows that the assembly power is smaller than the preset value, sequencing the assembly power of each pair of assembly features in the part assembly, acquiring a pair of assembly features with the minimum assembly power, and prompting to adjust the assembly tolerance of the pair of assembly features with the minimum assembly power.
The embodiment of the invention provides a device for successfully assembling parts under the constraint of positioning priority, which comprises:
the first acquisition module is used for acquiring the assembly information of the product digital prototype;
the second acquisition module is used for acquiring the positioning relation between the assembly characteristics in the parts and among the parts according to the assembly information;
the third acquisition module is used for acquiring the variation parameters of the assembly characteristics relative to the assembly nominal position before the assembly characteristics are matched according to the positioning relation;
the fourth obtaining module is used for obtaining a constraint condition of clearance fit according to the variation parameter of the assembly characteristic relative to the assembly nominal position;
the fifth acquisition module is used for acquiring the assembly success rate of the parts according to the constraint conditions;
the comparison module is used for comparing the assembly success rate of the parts with a preset value to obtain a comparison result;
the prompting module is used for prompting the adjustment of the assembly tolerance of the part when the comparison result shows that the assembly power is smaller than the preset value;
and the circulating module is used for obtaining the assembly success rate of the parts again according to the adjusted assembly tolerance until the assembly success rate of the parts is greater than or equal to a preset value.
Further, the second obtaining module includes:
a first obtaining unit configured to obtain all assembly target features on the positioned part and all assembly reference features on the positioned part according to the assembly information;
the priority determining unit is used for establishing a positioning relation between the assembly target features and the assembly reference features among the parts according to the all assembly target features and the all assembly reference features, and determining the priority of the positioning relation based on the positioning sequence;
and the positioning relation determining unit is used for establishing the positioning relation among the assembling target characteristics in the part and among the assembling reference characteristics according to the priority of the positioning relation.
Further, the third obtaining module includes:
a second acquisition unit configured to acquire position tolerance information, direction tolerance information, and dimension tolerance information of the assembly feature;
a third obtaining unit, configured to obtain, according to the position tolerance information and the direction tolerance information, relative variation parameters between the assembly reference features and between the assembly target features, respectively;
a fourth obtaining unit, configured to obtain a fitting variation parameter between the assembly reference feature and the assembly target feature according to the dimensional tolerance information;
and the fifth acquiring unit is used for acquiring the constraint direction among the assembling characteristics according to the priority of the positioning relation, limiting the relative variable parameters and the matching variable parameters, and thus obtaining the variable parameters of the assembling characteristics relative to the assembling nominal position before matching.
Further, the fourth obtaining module includes:
the sixth acquisition unit is used for acquiring the model information of the product digital prototype;
the determining unit is used for determining the matching type of clearance fit among the parts according to the geometric information in the model information;
a seventh acquiring unit for acquiring nominal coordinates of contact positions of the fitting target feature and the fitting reference feature at the time of fitting;
and the eighth acquisition unit is used for acquiring the constraint condition of clearance fit between assembly characteristic changes by ensuring that all the contact positions are contacted or have clearances according to the nominal coordinates of the contact positions.
Further, the fifth obtaining module includes:
a ninth acquiring unit, configured to acquire an actual variation size of the fitting feature relative to the fitting nominal position before fitting;
the judging unit is used for judging whether the actual variation size meets the constraint condition or not and obtaining a judgment result;
the statistical unit is used for acquiring the successful matching times and the total matching times of each pair of assembly characteristics according to the judgment result;
a tenth obtaining unit, configured to obtain assembly power between each pair of assembly features according to the number of successful assembly of each pair of assembly features and the total number of assembly;
and the eleventh acquisition unit is used for acquiring the assembly success rate of the parts according to the assembly power between each pair of assembly characteristics.
Further, the prompt module includes:
a twelfth obtaining unit, configured to, when the comparison result indicates that the assembly success rate is smaller than the preset value, sort the assembly success rates of each pair of assembly features in the part assembly, and obtain a pair of assembly features with the smallest assembly success rate;
and the prompting unit is used for prompting the assembly tolerance of the pair of assembly features with the minimum assembly power for adjusting the assembly.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the scheme, the assembly success rate is obtained by utilizing the positioning priority constraint condition, then the assembly characteristics of the part with the tolerance to be adjusted are obtained through the assembly power, and the assembly tolerance in the assembly characteristics is adjusted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a general flow diagram of the method of an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the positioning of features of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows a schematic view of a parallel plane fit of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows a schematic view of cylindrical surface mating according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows a schematic view of a contact between two cylinders according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows a schematic view of a conical surface fit of an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the change of the radius of the contact position caused by the axial deviation of the conical surface according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a spherical fit of an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 shows a schematic block diagram of the apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention provides a method and a device for successfully assembling parts under the constraint of positioning priority, aiming at the problems that in the prior art, the assembly tolerance precision is unreasonable due to the low accuracy of a tolerance adjusting mode, and the assembly success rate of the parts is low.
As shown in fig. 1, the method according to the embodiment of the present invention includes:
step 10, acquiring assembly information of a product digital prototype;
step 20, acquiring a positioning relation between assembly characteristics in the parts and between the parts according to the assembly information;
step 30, acquiring a variation parameter of the assembly characteristic relative to the assembly nominal position before matching according to the positioning relation;
step 40, acquiring a clearance fit constraint condition according to the variation parameter of the assembly characteristic relative to the assembly nominal position;
step 50, acquiring the assembly success rate of the parts according to the constraint conditions;
step 60, comparing the assembly success rate of the parts with a preset value to obtain a comparison result;
step 70, when the comparison result shows that the assembling power is smaller than the preset value, prompting to adjust the assembling tolerance of the part;
and 80, acquiring the assembly success rate of the parts again according to the adjusted assembly tolerance until the assembly success rate of the parts is greater than or equal to a preset value.
It should be noted that the preset value is the minimum value that guarantees successful assembly of the parts.
According to the scheme, the assembly characteristics in the assembly of the parts needing tolerance adjustment are determined by utilizing the assembly power, the tolerance adjustment is manually or automatically carried out, and the adjusted tolerance is reused after each adjustment to judge whether the assembly of the parts is successful.
Specifically, the step 20 includes:
step 21, acquiring all assembly target features on the positioned part and all assembly reference features on the positioned part according to the assembly information;
step 22, establishing a positioning relation between the assembly target features and the assembly reference features among the parts according to the all assembly target features and the all assembly reference features, and determining the priority of the positioning relation based on the positioning sequence;
and step 23, establishing the positioning relations among the assembling target characteristics and among the assembling reference characteristics in the parts according to the priority of the positioning relations.
It should be noted that when multiple references exist during the part assembly process, the fit or engagement between each assembly reference feature and the corresponding assembly target feature constitutes a positional relationship. In most cases, the directions of freedom constrained by different positioning relationships may overlap each other. However, because of the precedence order of positioning, the overlapping freedom directions are constrained by the positioning relationships with higher priority, and among all possible constraint directions, the positioning relationships with lower priority can only constrain the part not yet constrained.
Meanwhile, because the change between the assembly features which are firstly positioned changes the positions of the assembly features which are not positioned, thereby influencing the change magnitude between the assembly features, the change analysis between the assembly features has the same sequence as the positioning priority.
Typically, the positioning between the parts is accomplished by up to three pairs of assembly features, whereby two parts (P) are provided1And P2) The positional relationship between the upper mounting features may be represented by a directed graph as shown in FIG. 2. Wherein the nodes represent assembly features and the connecting lines between the nodes represent positioning references between the features determined by geometric tolerances or assembly constraints.
As can be seen from fig. 2, the assembly between two parts can be represented as set a of assembly features and positioning relationships, as shown in equation 1 below.
Equation 1: a { { f { {j},{ck}} 1≤j≤2k
Wherein f isjFor the jth assembly feature between two parts, ckFor the kth positioning relationship between two parts, the smaller the value of k, the higher the priority.
For two assembly features j and j', the orientation and variation relationship between the two can be exploited by the following equation 2 using two six-membered vectors vj,j'And dvj,j'To show that:
equation 2:
wherein x isj,j'、yj,j'、zj,j'α as relative position parameterj,j'、βj,j'、γj,j'Is a relative direction parameter; dx (x)j,j'、dyj,j'、dzj,j'D α as a relative position deviation parameterj,j'、dβj,j'、dγj,j'Is a relative direction deviation parameter; if it isWhen j and j' are on the same part, vj,j'And dvj,j'Can be determined from dimensional and tolerance information on the part.
When j and j' represent c respectivelykThe corresponding sizes of the assembly target feature and the assembly reference feature are shown in the following formula 3:
equation 3:
meanwhile, the variation of the fit between each pair of the fitting features is equal to the variation of the relative variation between the fitting features before and after the fit, and f is set for describing the relative variation between the pair of the fitting featuresjThe variation of the nominal position of the assembly before and after the mating is respectively represented by vj 0And vjExpressed (as shown in equation 4 below):
equation 4:
wherein x isj 0、yj 0、zj 0To match the pre-position deviation parameter, αj 0、βj 0、γj 0To match the forward direction deviation parameter, xj、yj、zjTo match the post-positional deviation parameter, αj、βj、γjIs a matched direction deviation parameter.
In addition, the dimensions of the mounting features and their variations also affect the magnitude of the fit variation between the mounting features, which are defined by ujAnd ujExpressed (as shown in equation 5 below):
equation 5:
wherein lj、ljIs fjLength dimension and deviation thereof, wj、wjIs fjWidth dimension of (d) and deviation thereof, hj、hjIs fjHeight dimension of (a) and deviation thereof, rj、rjIs fjAnd their deviations.
In general, the basic dimensions of a mating pair of mating features are all equal and can be expressed by the following equation 6:
equation 6:
specifically, the step 30 includes:
step 31, acquiring upper position tolerance information, direction tolerance information and size tolerance information of the assembly features;
step 32, respectively acquiring relative variation parameters between the assembly reference features and the assembly target features according to the position tolerance information and the direction tolerance information;
step 33, acquiring a matching variation parameter between the assembly reference feature and the assembly target feature according to the dimensional tolerance information;
and step 34, acquiring the constraint direction among the assembly characteristics according to the priority of the positioning relation, and limiting the relative variation parameters and the matching variation parameters so as to obtain the variation parameters of the assembly characteristics relative to the assembly nominal position before matching.
The concrete description is as follows:
since the pair of assembly features that are initially positioned are not limited by the positioning constraints of the other assembly features, they can be considered to be in the nominal position of assembly before mating, as shown in equation 7.
Equation 7: v. of1＝v2＝(0,0,0,0,0,0)T。
For the target feature (e.g. f) of assembly after positioning has been completed on the positioned part3Or f5) They may have been constrained by the first-finish-positioned fit-target features in some of the degrees-of-freedom directions, such that there is a variation in these degrees-of-freedom directions relative to the nominal fit-target location before the later-finish-positioned fit-target features fit, the magnitude of the variation being related to the relative variation between the fit-target features. Based on the parameters provided by the multi-reference assembly mathematical model, f2k-1The magnitude of the variation from the nominal position of the fitting before fitting can be obtained from equation 8.
Equation 8:
wherein S iskFor extracting ckThe matrices were selected under the constraint of 6 × 6 each being biased in the degree direction, with diagonal elements of 1 or 0 and other positional elements of 0.
For the assembly reference features which are positioned after being positioned on the positioned part, the variation of the assembly reference features relative to the assembly nominal position also needs to be determined by the assembly target features on the positioned part. Therefore, the variation is related to the variation in the fit between the fitting reference feature and the fitting target feature in the higher-priority positioning relationship, in addition to the relative variation between the fitting reference feature depending on the post-completion positioning and the pre-completion positioning. For example, f6The variation relative to the nominal position of assembly before mating being dependent on its relationship to f2And f4Variation of and f1And f2、f3And f4The fit between them varies. F is obtained based on the relative parameters according to the linear relationship of feature relative variation transfer accumulation2kThe magnitude of the variation from the nominal position of assembly before mating is (as shown in equation 9):
equation 9:
wherein M is2k,2i-2A coefficient matrix is accumulated for the deviations, an
T2k,2i-2、R2k,2i-2Is a translation and rotation coefficient matrix, and
sα、sβ、sγ、cα、cβ、cγis the coefficient of rotation, and sα＝sin(α2k,2i-2)，cα＝cos(α2k,2i-2)，sβ＝sin(β2k,2i-2)，cβ＝cos(β2k,2i-2)，sγ＝sin(γ2k,2i-2)，cγ＝cos(γ2k,2i-2)。
Specifically, the step 40 includes:
step 41, obtaining model information of a product digital prototype;
step 42, determining the matching type of the clearance fit between the parts according to the geometric information in the model information;
step 43, acquiring nominal coordinates of contact positions of the assembly target features and the assembly reference features during matching;
and step 44, acquiring constraint conditions of clearance fit among assembly characteristic changes by ensuring that all the contact positions are contacted or have clearances according to the nominal coordinates of the contact positions.
It should be noted that the fitting types of the clearance fit between the parts include: parallel plane mating, cylindrical surface mating, conical surface mating, and spherical surface mating.
Regardless of the positioning priority, when the assembly positioning is completed, the variation of the assembly reference feature relative to the assembly nominal position in all the constrained freedom directions is finally determined. The variation is not infinite, however, and reaches a limit when it comes into contact with the mating target feature. Therefore, by analyzing the fitting contact state between the fitting features, the constraint condition of the fitting feature variation can be obtained.
The following is an example of obtaining the above constraints of several coordination types.
1. Parallel plane mating
As shown in fig. 3, the parallel plane feature is composed of two planes with parallel normal vectors but opposite directions. The two parallel planes cooperate to constrain at most 3 degrees of freedom in directions, namely a translational degree of freedom along the normal direction (Z) of the plane and two rotational degrees of freedom perpendicular to the normal directions (X and Y).
Let the coordinate of a vertex P on the jth parallel-plane feature be (x)P,yP,zP). When the change occurs, the new coordinates of the point can be determined by the following equation 10.
Equation 10:
according to the nominal position, x, of each vertexp、ypAnd zpThe value range of (a) is shown in formula 11:
equation 11:
when the two parallel planes are translated and rotated relative to the nominal assembly position, the contact positions of the two planes are at one or more of the eight groups of vertexes after matching. As can be seen from fig. 2, the small movement of the vertex in the X-axis and Y-axis directions does not affect the size of the fit clearance, and the change in the position in the Z-axis direction causes the change in the fit clearance. Let the coordinates of two vertexes in which the parallel planes are in contact in a matching way at the nominal position be respectively (x)2k-1,y2k-1,z2k-1) And (x)2k,y2k,z2)。
Coordinates of each vertex in the Z-axis direction after the change occurs, a gap g between two vertexes opposite on two parallel planes in the k-th fitting, obtained according to equation 10kCan be obtained from the following equation 12.
Equation 12:
gk＝|(-β2kx2k+α2ky2k+z2k+z2k)-(-β2k-1x2k-1+α2k-1y2k-1+z2k-1+z2k-1)|
＝|(z2k-z2k-1)-(β2kx2k-β2k-1x2k-1)-(α2k-1y2k-1-α2ky2k)-(z2k-1-z2k)|
also, after extreme mating variations have occurred, it is necessary to ensure that when any pair of vertices are in contact, the gap between the other pairs of vertices is greater than or equal to 0, otherwise the two parallel planes will interfere. From the inequality scaling relationship, we can obtain from equation 12:
equation 13:
gk≥|z2k-z2k-1|-|β2kx2k-β2k-1x2k-1|-|α2k-1y2k-1-α2ky2k|-|z2k-1-z2k|＝0
the equal sign holds if and only if each of the 4 absolute value signs is equal in sign. When the minimum value is 0, it is possible to ensure that the gaps between the other pairs of vertices are each greater than or equal to 0, thereby ensuring that there is no interference between the two parallel planes. In order to make the equal sign hold, the nominal coordinates of the contact vertex need to select a positive value or a negative value according to the variation relationship, so that the contact position will appear at different vertices under different variation conditions.
In the actual mating process, the two parallel planes may not touch in the final state after mating, i.e., the minimum gap between the mating features is greater than 0. Therefore, for parallel plane fitting, according to equation 6, equation 11, and equation 13, by simplification, it can be obtained that the variation of the fitting target feature and the fitting reference feature with respect to the fitting nominal position after fitting needs to satisfy the constraint condition of equation 14:
equation 14:
2. cylindrical surface fit
According to the matching property of the cylindrical surfaces, the degrees of freedom in four directions can be constrained at most after the two cylindrical surfaces are matched, and are respectively the translational degree of freedom and the rotational degree of freedom in two independent directions (X and Y) perpendicular to the axis, as shown in fig. 4.
Let a point P on the jth cylindrical surface have the coordinate (r) in the polar coordinate system of the cylindrical surfacej+rj,θp,zp) After the change occurs, the position of the point can be obtained by the following equation 15:
equation 15:
in the process of clearance fit, the position where the two cylindrical surfaces come into contact may only appear at the upper or lower ends of the two cylindrical surfaces. A necessary condition for ensuring that there is no interference between the cylindrical surfaces is that the two cylindrical surfaces have a point contact at the circular edges of their upper or lower ends while at the same time a contact occurs or a gap exists at the other end. Fig. 5 reflects the situation when two cylindrical surfaces are in contact at the upper end after being matched, and the projection of the contact of the two cylindrical surfaces in the axial direction can be approximately regarded as two circular tangents because the rotation change of the cylindrical surfaces is quite small. According to the tangent property of the two circles, the included angles between the connecting lines of the tangent points and the centers of the circles and the corresponding X axes are the same.
Let the contact of two cylindrical surfaces occur at the upper end, the polar coordinates of the contact points are (r)2k-1+r2k-1,θ,h2k-1/2) And (r)2k+r2k,θ,h2k/2). Due to the coincidence of the contact points, the coordinates of the contact points on the two cylindrical surfaces satisfy the following relationship (as shown in equation 16 below) according to equation 15:
equation 16:
through the equation transformation, the position parameters of the contact point can be expressed by the direction, position and size variation of the two cylindrical surfaces as formula 17:
equation 17:
according to the trigonometric function relationship, eliminating theta, and obtaining the constraint relationship required to be satisfied between the changes when the two matched cylindrical surfaces are contacted as a formula 18:
equation 18:
(β2k-1h2k-1/2+x2k-1-β2kh2k/2-x2k)2+(α2k-1h2k-1/2+y2k-1-α2kh2k/2-y2k)2
＝(r2k+r2k-r2k-1-r2k-1)2
from equation 18, when contact occurs, the distance between the centers of the two cylindrical surfaces at the same end is exactly equal to the difference between the radii. If the variation of the assembly reference feature is not limited, the distance between the centers of the two circles should be smaller than the difference of the radii, so that a gap exists between the two. According to equation 6, for cylindrical surface fitting, the variation of the fitting target feature and the fitting reference feature with respect to the fitting nominal position after fitting needs to satisfy the constraint condition of equation 19 below:
equation 19:
f(v2k-1,v2k)＝(r2k-r2k-1)2-[(β2k-1-β2k)h2k/2+(x2k-1-x2k)]2
-[(α2k-1-α2k)h2k/2+(y2k-1-y2k)]2≥0
similarly, at the other end of the two cylinders, the same constraint must be satisfied simultaneously, by assigning-h2kIs replaced by h2kThen, it can be obtained that the variation of the fitting feature after fitting with respect to the fitting nominal position further satisfies the constraint condition of the following equation 20:
equation 20:
f'(v2k-1,v2k)＝(r2k-r2k-1)2-[(β2k-β2k-1)h2k/2+(x2k-1-x2k)]2
-[(α2k-α2k-1)h2k/2+(y2k-1-y2k)]2≥0
3. conical surface fit
It can be known from the nature of the conical surface matching that the two conical surfaces can restrict the degrees of freedom in five directions at most simultaneously after matching, which are respectively the translational degree of freedom in the axial direction (Z) and the translational degree of freedom and the rotational degree of freedom in two independent directions (X and Y) perpendicular to the axial line, as shown in fig. 6.
Let a point P on the jth conical surface have a coordinate (r) in the polar coordinate system of the conical surfacej+rj,θp,zp) Because the conical surface is a variable cross section, when P is positioned at the upper end and the lower end of the conical surface, the corresponding radiuses are not equal. As can be seen from fig. 6, the radius of the upper and lower ends of the conical surface is shown in the following formula 21:
equation 21:
the position of point P varies along the axis of the conical surface according to equation 15. Similar to cylindrical mating, the location where contact occurs when the conical surfaces mate may only occur at the upper or lower ends of the two conical surfaces, thus the necessary condition to ensure that there is no interference between the conical surfaces is that there is a point contact between the two conical surfaces at their upper or lower ends, while there is a contact or gap at the other end.
The deviation of the two conical surfaces along the axial direction causes the contact position of the two ends to change, so that the radius corresponding to the contact position changes, as shown in fig. 7.
In FIG. 7,. DELTA.r2k,2k-1'And Δ r2k,2k-1"The variation of the radius of the upper and lower contact positions is respectively expressed, and if the included angle of the tapered surface is ω, then according to the geometric relationship, the following formula 22 can be obtained:
equation 22:
the two conical surfaces are contacted at the upper end, and the polar coordinates of the contact points are respectively (r)2k-1'+r2k-1'+Δr2k,2k-1',θ,h2k-1/2) And (r)2k'+r2k',θ,h2k/2). From the coordinate relationship of the contact points, the following equation 23 can be obtained:
equation 23:
referring to equations 17 and 18, by converting the equation and eliminating θ, the constraint relationship of the following equation 24 can be obtained, which is required to be satisfied between the changes when the two conical surfaces are in contact at the upper end:
equation 24:
f(v2k-1,v2k)＝[r2k'-r2k-1'-tanω(z2k-1'-z2k')]2-[(β2k-1-β2k)h2k/2+(x2k-1-x2k)]2
-[(α2k-1-α2k)h2k/2+(y2k-1-y2k)]2≥0
if the two conical surfaces are contacted at the lower end, the polar coordinates of the contact points are respectively (r)2k-1"+r2k-1",θ,-h2k-1/2) And (r)2k"+r2k"-Δr2k,2k-1",θ,-h2k/2) The constraint conditions for the two conical surface variations are given by (equation 25 below):
equation 25:
f'(v2k-1,v2k)＝[r2k"-r2k-1"-tanω(z2k-1"-z2k")]2-[(β2k-β2k-1)h2k/2+(x2k-1-x2k)]2
-[(α2k-α2k-1)h2k/2+(y2k-1-y2k)]2≥0
4. spherical fit
By nature of the spherical fit, the individual spherical fits limit the three degrees of freedom, respectively translational degrees of freedom in three independent directions (X, Y and Z), as shown in FIG. 8.
Let a point P exist on the spherical surface, whose coordinate under the polar coordinates of the spherical surface is (r)j+rj,θP,) When the sphere is changed, the new coordinates of the point can be obtained by the following formula 26:
equation 26:
in the matching process, only one point of contact is possible between the two spherical surfaces, and the included angles between the connecting line of the contact point and the origin of the respective spherical coordinate system and the coordinate axes are equal. Let the polar coordinates of the contact point in the two spherical coordinate systems be (r)2k-1,θ,) And (r)2k,θ,) Thus, from the coordinates of the contact points on the two spheres, the following relationship of equation 27 can be established:
equation 27:
by transformation, the contact point position parameter can be represented by the translational variation and the size variation of the two matched spherical surfaces as shown in the formula 28:
equation 28:
according to the related property of trigonometric function, by eliminating theta andfurther, it is known that the constraint relationship between the variations required to be satisfied for the two spherical surfaces to come into contact is expressed by the following equation 29:
equation 29:
(x2k-x2k-1)2+(y2k-y2k-1)2+(z2k-z2k-1)2＝(r2k+r2k-r2k-1-r2k-1)2
from equation 29, when two spherical surfaces are in contact, the distance between the centers of the spheres is equal to the difference between the radii. If the variation does not reach the limit, the distance between the centers of the spheres should be smaller than the difference between the radii, so that for the spherical surface fitting, after the variation of the fitting target feature is given, the constraint condition to be satisfied by the variation after fitting of the fitting target feature and the fitting reference feature can be obtained by simplification according to equation 6 as shown in equation 30 below:
equation 30:
f(v2k-1,v2k)＝(r2k-r2k-1)2-(x2k-x2k-1)2-(y2k-y2k-1)2-(z2k-z2k-1)2≥0
after obtaining the constraint, the step 50 includes:
step 51, acquiring the actual variation size of the assembly characteristic relative to the assembly nominal position before matching;
step 52, judging whether the actual variation size meets the constraint condition or not, and obtaining a judgment result;
step 53, acquiring the successful matching times and the total matching times of each pair of assembly features according to the judgment result;
step 54, acquiring the assembly power between each pair of assembly features according to the successful assembly times and the total assembly times of each pair of assembly features;
and step 55, acquiring the assembly success rate of the parts according to the assembly power between each pair of assembly features.
Since the features participating in the clearance fit are all size features, when the positioning priority is highest, the assembly success rate is only dependent on the size tolerance of the assembly features because the directions of the degrees of freedom are not constrained. However, when the positioning priority is low, since the partial degree-of-freedom direction is restricted before the fitting and the fitting characteristic varies in the restricted direction, there is a possibility that interference occurs, so that the fitting cannot be completed, and the fitting power is affected.
Therefore, the necessary condition for judging whether or not fitting is possible is that the variation of the fitting reference feature before fitting also needs to satisfy the constraint condition of its variation after fitting, and then the judgment criterion Sk,pCan be expressed as the following equation 31:
equation 31:
wherein p is the number of assembly times.
After n times of random simulation, the matched assembly is provided with power RkThis can be obtained from the following equation 32:
equation 32:
if multiple sets of fits are involved in the assembly positioning of two parts, the assembly power R is given by the following equation 33:
equation 33:
obtaining the assembly power of the parts through the steps, comparing the assembly success rate with a preset specified value of a preset product design requirement, when the comparison result shows that the assembly power is smaller than the preset value, sequencing the assembly power of each pair of assembly features in the assembly of the parts, obtaining a pair of assembly features with the minimum assembly power, and prompting to adjust the assembly tolerance (referred to as dimension tolerance) of the pair of assembly features with the minimum assembly power; after the assembly tolerance of a pair of assembly features with the minimum assembly power is adjusted manually or automatically, the assembly success rate is continuously obtained until the assembly success rate of the parts is greater than or equal to a preset specified value of a product design requirement, that is, the parts can be accurately assembled within an error range, and at the moment, the adjustment of the assembly tolerance is not needed.
According to the scheme, the assembly success rate is used for obtaining the assembly characteristics needing tolerance adjustment, the assembly success rate is obtained again after the corresponding assembly characteristics are adjusted, and when the assembly power meets the specified value of the preset product design requirement, the fact that the parts can be accurately assembled is shown, and the tolerance adjustment is not needed any more, so that the accurate installation of the parts is realized through the tolerance adjustment mode.
As shown in fig. 9, the apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention includes:
the first acquisition module 100 is used for acquiring assembly information of a product digital prototype;
a second obtaining module 200, configured to obtain, according to the assembly information, a positioning relationship between assembly features in the parts and between the parts;
a third obtaining module 300, configured to obtain, according to the positioning relationship, a variation parameter of the assembly characteristic before the fitting with respect to an assembly nominal position;
a fourth obtaining module 400, configured to obtain constraint conditions of clearance fit according to variation parameters of the assembly features relative to an assembly nominal position;
a fifth obtaining module 500, configured to obtain a part assembly success rate according to the constraint condition;
the comparison module 600 is configured to compare the assembly success rate of the part with a preset value to obtain a comparison result;
a prompting module 700, configured to prompt to adjust an assembly tolerance of the part when the comparison result indicates that the assembly power is smaller than the preset value;
and the circulation module 800 is configured to obtain the part assembly success rate again according to the adjusted assembly tolerance until the part assembly success rate is greater than or equal to a preset value.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the second obtaining module 200 includes:
a first obtaining unit configured to obtain all assembly target features on the positioned part and all assembly reference features on the positioned part according to the assembly information;
the priority determining unit is used for establishing a positioning relation between the assembly target features and the assembly reference features among the parts according to the all assembly target features and the all assembly reference features, and determining the priority of the positioning relation based on the positioning sequence;
and the positioning relation determining unit is used for establishing the positioning relation among the assembling target characteristics in the part and among the assembling reference characteristics according to the priority of the positioning relation.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the third obtaining module 300 includes:
the second acquisition unit is used for acquiring upper position tolerance information, direction tolerance information and size tolerance information of the assembly features;
a third obtaining unit, configured to obtain, according to the position tolerance information and the direction tolerance information, relative variation parameters between the assembly reference features and between the assembly target features, respectively;
a fourth obtaining unit, configured to obtain a fitting variation parameter between the assembly reference feature and the assembly target feature according to the dimensional tolerance information;
and the fifth acquiring unit is used for acquiring the constraint direction among the assembling characteristics according to the priority of the positioning relation, limiting the relative variable parameters and the matching variable parameters, and thus obtaining the variable parameters of the assembling characteristics relative to the assembling nominal position before matching.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the fourth obtaining module 400 includes:
the sixth acquisition unit is used for acquiring the model information of the product digital prototype;
the determining unit is used for determining the matching type of clearance fit among the parts according to the geometric information in the model information;
a seventh acquiring unit for acquiring nominal coordinates of contact positions of the fitting target feature and the fitting reference feature at the time of fitting;
and the eighth acquisition unit is used for acquiring the constraint condition of clearance fit between assembly characteristic changes by ensuring that all the contact positions are contacted or have clearances according to the nominal coordinates of the contact positions.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the fifth obtaining module 500 includes:
a ninth acquiring unit, configured to acquire an actual variation size of the fitting feature relative to the fitting nominal position before fitting;
the judging unit is used for judging whether the actual variation size meets the constraint condition or not and obtaining a judgment result;
the statistical unit is used for acquiring the successful matching times and the total matching times of each pair of assembly characteristics according to the judgment result;
a tenth obtaining unit, configured to obtain assembly power between each pair of assembly features according to the number of successful assembly of each pair of assembly features and the total number of assembly;
and the eleventh acquisition unit is used for acquiring the assembly success rate of the parts according to the assembly power between each pair of assembly characteristics.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the prompt module 700 includes:
a twelfth obtaining unit, configured to, when the comparison result indicates that the assembly success rate is smaller than the preset value, sort the assembly success rates of each pair of assembly features in the part assembly, and obtain a pair of assembly features with the smallest assembly success rate;
and the prompting unit is used for prompting the assembly tolerance of the pair of assembly features with the minimum assembly power for adjusting the assembly.
The embodiment of the apparatus is an apparatus corresponding to the method, and all implementations of the method are applicable to the embodiment of the apparatus, and the same technical effects as the method can be achieved.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
Claims (11)
1. A method for successfully assembling parts under the constraint of positioning priority is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring assembly information of a product digital prototype;
acquiring a positioning relation between assembly characteristics in the parts and between the parts according to the assembly information;
acquiring a variation parameter of the assembly characteristic relative to an assembly nominal position before matching according to the positioning relation;
acquiring a constraint condition of clearance fit according to the variation parameter of the assembly characteristic relative to the assembly nominal position;
acquiring the assembly success rate of the parts according to the constraint conditions;
comparing the assembly success rate of the parts with a preset value to obtain a comparison result;
when the comparison result shows that the assembling power is smaller than the preset value, prompting to adjust the assembling tolerance of the part;
obtaining the assembly success rate of the parts again according to the adjusted assembly tolerance until the assembly power of the parts is greater than or equal to a preset value; wherein,
the step of obtaining the positioning relation between the assembly characteristics in the parts and between the parts according to the assembly information comprises the following steps:
acquiring all assembly target features on the positioned part and all assembly reference features on the positioned part according to the assembly information;
establishing a positioning relation between the assembly target features and the assembly reference features among the parts according to the all assembly target features and the all assembly reference features, and determining the priority of the positioning relation based on the positioning sequence;
and establishing the positioning relation among the assembling target characteristics in the part and among the assembling reference characteristics according to the priority of the positioning relation.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the obtaining of the variation parameter of the fitting feature with respect to the nominal fitting position before fitting according to the positioning relationship specifically comprises:
acquiring position tolerance information, direction tolerance information and dimension tolerance information of the assembly features;
respectively acquiring relative variation parameters between the assembly reference features and the assembly target features according to the position tolerance information and the direction tolerance information;
acquiring a matching variation parameter between the assembly reference feature and the assembly target feature according to the dimensional tolerance information;
and acquiring the constraint direction among the assembly features according to the priority of the positioning relation, and limiting the relative variable parameters and the matching variable parameters so as to obtain the variable parameters of the assembly features relative to the assembly nominal position before matching.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the step of deriving the clearance fit constraint based on the variation of the fit characteristic relative to the nominal fit position comprises:
obtaining model information of a product digital prototype;
determining the matching type of clearance fit between parts according to the geometric information in the model information;
acquiring nominal coordinates of contact positions of the assembly target features and the assembly reference features during matching;
constraints on the clearance fit between the variations in the fit-up characteristics are obtained by ensuring that contact occurs or that there is a clearance between all contact locations, based on the nominal coordinates of the contact locations.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the type of fit comprises: parallel plane mating, cylindrical surface mating, conical surface mating, and spherical surface mating.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein the step of obtaining a part assembly success rate according to the constraint condition comprises:
acquiring the actual variation size of the assembly characteristic relative to the assembly nominal position before the assembly;
judging whether the actual variation size meets the constraint condition or not, and obtaining a judgment result;
acquiring the successful matching times and the total matching times of each pair of assembly features according to the judgment result;
acquiring the assembly power between each pair of assembly features according to the successful assembly times and the total assembly times of each pair of assembly features;
and acquiring the assembly success rate of the parts according to the assembly power between each pair of assembly features.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein prompting adjustment of the assembly tolerance of the part when the comparison indicates that the assembly power is less than the preset value specifically comprises:
and when the comparison result shows that the assembly power is smaller than the preset value, sequencing the assembly power of each pair of assembly features in the part assembly, acquiring a pair of assembly features with the minimum assembly power, and prompting to adjust the assembly tolerance of the pair of assembly features with the minimum assembly power.
7. An apparatus for locating the assembly success of a part under priority constraints, comprising:
the first acquisition module is used for acquiring the assembly information of the product digital prototype;
the second acquisition module is used for acquiring the positioning relation between the assembly characteristics in the parts and among the parts according to the assembly information;
the third acquisition module is used for acquiring the variation parameters of the assembly characteristics relative to the assembly nominal position before the assembly characteristics are matched according to the positioning relation;
the fourth obtaining module is used for obtaining a constraint condition of clearance fit according to the variation parameter of the assembly characteristic relative to the assembly nominal position;
the fifth acquisition module is used for acquiring the assembly success rate of the parts according to the constraint conditions;
the comparison module is used for comparing the assembly success rate of the parts with a preset value to obtain a comparison result;
the prompting module is used for prompting the adjustment of the assembly tolerance of the part when the comparison result shows that the assembly power is smaller than the preset value;
the circulation module is used for obtaining the assembly success rate of the parts again according to the adjusted assembly tolerance until the assembly power of the parts is greater than or equal to a preset value; wherein,
the second obtaining module includes:
a first obtaining unit configured to obtain all assembly target features on the positioned part and all assembly reference features on the positioned part according to the assembly information;
the priority determining unit is used for establishing a positioning relation between the assembly target features and the assembly reference features among the parts according to the all assembly target features and the all assembly reference features, and determining the priority of the positioning relation based on the positioning sequence;
and the positioning relation determining unit is used for establishing the positioning relation among the assembling target characteristics in the part and among the assembling reference characteristics according to the priority of the positioning relation.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the third obtaining module comprises:
a second acquisition unit configured to acquire position tolerance information, direction tolerance information, and dimension tolerance information of the assembly feature;
a third obtaining unit, configured to obtain, according to the position tolerance information and the direction tolerance information, relative variation parameters between the assembly reference features and between the assembly target features, respectively;
a fourth obtaining unit, configured to obtain a fitting variation parameter between the assembly reference feature and the assembly target feature according to the dimensional tolerance information;
and the fifth acquiring unit is used for acquiring the constraint direction among the assembling characteristics according to the priority of the positioning relation, limiting the relative variable parameters and the matching variable parameters, and thus obtaining the variable parameters of the assembling characteristics relative to the assembling nominal position before matching.
9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the fourth obtaining module comprises:
the sixth acquisition unit is used for acquiring the model information of the product digital prototype;
the determining unit is used for determining the matching type of clearance fit among the parts according to the geometric information in the model information;
a seventh acquiring unit for acquiring nominal coordinates of contact positions of the fitting target feature and the fitting reference feature at the time of fitting;
and the eighth acquisition unit is used for acquiring the constraint condition of clearance fit between assembly characteristic changes by ensuring that all the contact positions are contacted or have clearances according to the nominal coordinates of the contact positions.
10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the fifth obtaining module comprises:
a ninth acquiring unit, configured to acquire an actual variation size of the fitting feature relative to the fitting nominal position before fitting;
the judging unit is used for judging whether the actual variation size meets the constraint condition or not and obtaining a judgment result;
the statistical unit is used for acquiring the successful matching times and the total matching times of each pair of assembly characteristics according to the judgment result;
a tenth obtaining unit, configured to obtain assembly power between each pair of assembly features according to the number of successful assembly of each pair of assembly features and the total number of assembly;
and the eleventh acquisition unit is used for acquiring the assembly success rate of the parts according to the assembly power between each pair of assembly characteristics.
11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the prompting module comprises:
a twelfth obtaining unit, configured to, when the comparison result indicates that the assembly success rate is smaller than the preset value, sort the assembly success rates of each pair of assembly features in the part assembly, and obtain a pair of assembly features with the smallest assembly success rate;
and the prompting unit is used for prompting the assembly tolerance of the pair of assembly features with the minimum assembly power for adjusting the assembly.
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| CN109491328B (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2020-09-15 | 百斯图工具制造有限公司 | Part assembly surface positioning method and device and computer readable storage medium |
| CN113458778B (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2023-03-21 | 福建省鑫锐机械设备有限公司 | Method for assembling heat exchanger |
| CN116822190B (en) * | 2023-06-25 | 2024-06-11 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Automatic inspection method for aircraft digital-analog assembly normal vector |
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