CN104051764B - For heating the apparatus and method of fuel cell pack - Google Patents
For heating the apparatus and method of fuel cell pack Download PDFInfo
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- CN104051764B CN104051764B CN201410099489.2A CN201410099489A CN104051764B CN 104051764 B CN104051764 B CN 104051764B CN 201410099489 A CN201410099489 A CN 201410099489A CN 104051764 B CN104051764 B CN 104051764B
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- cell pack
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
- B60L58/32—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load
- B60L58/34—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load by heating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
- B60L58/31—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for starting of fuel cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04037—Electrical heating
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04268—Heating of fuel cells during the start-up of the fuel cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
- H01M8/04365—Temperature; Ambient temperature of other components of a fuel cell or fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04544—Voltage
- H01M8/04559—Voltage of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04895—Current
- H01M8/0491—Current of fuel cell stacks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04925—Power, energy, capacity or load
- H01M8/0494—Power, energy, capacity or load of fuel cell stacks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of apparatus and method for being used to heat fuel cell pack under cold start mode.The equipment includes fuel cell pack, boost converter and controller.The fuel cell pack drives vehicle.The boost converter includes the power switch for being thermally bonded to fuel cell pack.The controller is configured as receiving the signal of instruction temperature during vehicle launch and is compared temperature and predetermined temperature value.If the controller, which is additionally configured to temperature, is less than the predetermined temperature value, then activate power switch, so that power switch produces the heat for being applied on fuel cell pack and produces the voltage for driving power circuit, to enable the vehicle to start when fuel cell pack receives hot.
Description
This application claims the U.S. Provisional Application and 2013 for the Serial No. 61/794,728 submitted on March 15th, 2013
The rights and interests of the U.S. Patent application for the Serial No. 13/959,242 that on August is submitted for 5, the disclosure of the two U. S. applications
All it is incorporated herein by quoting.
Technical field
The embodiment disclosed herein relates generally to a kind of apparatus and method for being used to heat fuel cell pack.
Background technology
Gilchrist（Gilchrist）No. 2007/0292724 U.S. announce（" hereinafter referred to as ' 724 announce "）
In disclose a kind of fuel cell pack embodiment.' 724 disclose a kind of power supply system operated during cold state
System.Power-supply system includes fuel cell pack and electric power coversion system, can electrically operate fuel cell pack to produce direct current（DC）
Electric power, electric power coversion system are electrically connected to fuel cell pack, and operable electric power coversion system from fuel cell pack to receive
DC electric power.Power-supply system also includes at least one battery and controller, and at least one battery is electrically connected to electric power coversion system, and
And operable at least one battery is with least operable with control with electric power coversion system communicating battery DC electric power, controller
The operation of power-supply system, so as to which at least a certain amount of pulsating current is supplied into battery during cold state.
The content of the invention
A kind of equipment for being used to heat fuel cell pack under cold start mode is provided.The equipment includes fuel cell
Heap, boost converter and controller.The fuel cell pack drives vehicle.The boost converter includes being thermally bonded to fuel electricity
Chi Dui power switch.The controller is configured as receiving the signal of instruction temperature during vehicle launch and by temperature and in advance
Fixed temperature value is compared.If the controller, which is additionally configured to temperature, is less than the predetermined temperature value, activation electricity
Power switchs so that and power switch produces the heat for being applied to fuel cell pack and produces the voltage for driving power circuit,
To enable the vehicle to start when fuel cell pack receives hot.
The boost converter may also include the contactor for being operatively coupled to fuel cell pack.
The controller is also configured to disconnect the contact in the case where temperature is less than the predetermined temperature value
Device.
The controller is also configured to close the contact in the case where temperature is higher than the predetermined temperature value
Device.
The contactor can be configured as the load being sent to electric power from fuel cell pack in vehicle, to drive vehicle.
The power circuit may include：DC/DC converters, for receiving voltage, to drive cathode compressor and traction electricity
Motivation so that vehicle can start when fuel cell pack receives hot.
The voltage can be in 125V between 150V.
A kind of equipment for being used to heat fuel cell pack under cold start mode is provided.The equipment includes operationally tying
The controller of boost converter is closed, the boost converter includes power switch.The power switch is thermally bonded to fuel electricity
Chi Dui.The controller is configured as receiving the signal of instruction temperature during vehicle launch and by the temperature and predetermined temperature
Angle value is compared.If the controller, which is additionally configured to temperature, is less than the predetermined temperature value, power switch is activated,
So that power switch produces the heat for being applied to fuel cell pack and produces the voltage for driving power circuit, so that vehicle
It can be started when fuel cell pack receives hot.
The boost converter may also include the contactor for being operatively coupled to fuel cell pack.
The controller is also configured to disconnect the contact in the case where temperature is less than the predetermined temperature value
Device.
The controller is also configured to close the contact in the case where temperature is higher than the predetermined temperature value
Device.
The contactor can be configured as the load being sent to electric power from fuel cell pack in vehicle, to drive vehicle.
The power circuit may include：DC/DC converters, for receiving voltage, to drive cathode compressor and traction electricity
Motivation so that vehicle can start when fuel cell pack receives hot.
The voltage can be in 125V between 150V.
A kind of equipment including controller is provided.The controller is operatively coupled to boost converter, the boosting
Converter includes power switch.The controller is configured as receiving the signal of instruction temperature during vehicle launch, and such as
Temperature described in fruit is less than the predetermined temperature value, then activates power switch, to apply heat to fuel cell pack and produce use
In the voltage of driving power circuit, to enable the vehicle to start when fuel cell pack receives hot.
The boost converter may also include the contactor for being operatively coupled to fuel cell pack.
The controller is also configured to close the contact in the case where temperature is higher than the predetermined temperature value
Device.
The contactor can be configured as the load being sent to electric power from fuel cell pack in vehicle, to drive vehicle.
The power circuit may include：DC/DC converters, for receiving voltage, to drive cathode compressor and traction electricity
Motivation so that vehicle can start when fuel cell pack receives hot.
The voltage can be in 125V between 150V.
Brief description of the drawings
Embodiment of the disclosure is indicated with reference to the feature of claim.However, by below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings to various realities
Apply example to be described in detail, other features of these embodiments will become clearer and will be better understood when, accompanying drawing
In：
Fig. 1 depicts the first equipment for being used to heat fuel cell pack according to one embodiment；
Fig. 2 depicts to be used to set with the second of high voltage embodiment heating fuel cell pack according to one embodiment
It is standby；
Fig. 3 depicts to be used to set with the 3rd of low-voltage embodiment heating fuel cell pack the according to one embodiment
It is standby；
Fig. 4 is the diagram for depicting the various electrology characteristics relevant with fuel cell pack according to one embodiment.
Embodiment
As needed, it is disclosed the specific embodiment of the disclosure；It will be appreciated, however, that disclosed embodiment is only this
The example of invention, the present invention can realize according to various and alternative form.What accompanying drawing was not necessarily drawn to scale；Some are special
Sign may be exaggerated or reduce, to show the details of specific components.Therefore, concrete structure disclosed herein and feature are thin
Section should not be construed as limited to, and as just for instructing representativeness of the those skilled in the art alternatively using the present invention
Basis.
Embodiment of the disclosure generally provides multiple circuits or other electronic installations.Circuit or other electronic installations and
The all references for the function of being provided by each circuit and electronic installation is not intended to be limited to be merely contained in what this showed and described
Circuit and electronic installation.Although various circuits or other electronic installations can be given to distribute specific label, these labels are not
It is intended to the scope of the operation of limiting circuit and other electronic installations.Based on desired certain types of electronic embodiment, these
Circuit and other electronic installations can be combined with each other and/or separate in any way.It should be appreciated that any circuit disclosed herein
Or other electronic installations may include any amount of microprocessor, integrated circuit, storage device（For example, FLASH, arbitrary access
Memory (RAM), read-only storage (ROM), EPROM（EPROM）, the read-only storage of electrically erasable
Device（EEPROM）Or other suitable variants）And coordination with one another is to perform the software of operation disclosed herein.
In response to electrochemically changing oxygen and hydrogen, fuel cell pack produces electric power.Generally, fuel cell pack includes that
This multiple fuel cell combined, wherein, each fuel cell produces one of the total amount of the electric current provided by fuel cell pack
Point.Generally, the cold start of fuel cell pack may need outside dump（dump）Electric power（Electric power is such as dumped to water glycol
(WEG) in heater or in power-consuming pattern（power waste mode）It is lower to use traction motor（Or electric-powered system
System））.WEG heaters be used to heat fuel cell pack under cold start mode.In some embodiments, can be used at least
Two WEG heaters enable the cold start of fuel cell pack.Due to these being rarely employed in some cases, so this shape
Condition increases the weight of vehicle.When temperature is less than 5 DEG C, it usually needs the cold start operation relevant with fuel cell pack.
Whole heating of fuel cell pack may devote a tremendous amount of time under cold start mode.This situation may make to drive
The person of sailing can not simply start after the fuel cell pack cold start in vehicle（driveaway）Vehicle.Have attempted to one
A little methods carry out short circuit fuel cell pack, to heat fuel cell pack, and fuel cell pack are reconnected into vehicle bus, with
Just normal fuel cell heap operation is carried out after fuel cell pack is heated to desired temperature.This solution can be with
Cheap realization.However, because fuel cell pack is shorted, so vehicle can not possibly start under cold start mode.In order to disappear
Except the short circuit state, fuel cell pack must reach desired temperature.Once fuel cell pack reaches desired temperature, then
Vehicle can perform vehicle launch.
The embodiment disclosed herein can provide a kind of fuel cell boost converter（boost converter）, to help
Fuel cell piles up to be heated under cold start mode.Boost converter allow fuel cell pack output it voltage change into it is desired
Level, while keep optimum voltage in vehicle side.Cause during by using fuel cell stack current increase in fuel cell pack
Resistance increases and heat is produced on fuel cell pack（Increase used heat generation rate）.For normal fuel cell heap operation, formed
The contactor closure of a part for boost converter, so as to be used for the heating combustion under cold start mode around in boost converter
Expect the additional electronic device of battery pile.In order to heat fuel cell pack under cold start mode, contactor is controlled as disconnecting,
Additional electronic device on boost converter（For example, insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT)）It is switched to extract electric current,
So that fuel cell pack produces heat.When boost converter extracts electric current to heat fuel cell pack, this situation is to driving
Member provides the ability for starting vehicle.Below, it will these aspects and other side is more fully described.
Fig. 1 depicts the first equipment 10 for being used to heat fuel cell pack 12 according to one embodiment.First equipment 10
It may include boost converter 14, boost converter 14 is operably connected to multiple loads 16.First equipment 10 can be embodied in
In vehicle 13.Boost converter 14 includes contactor 18, inductor 20, diode 22 and switching device 24（Such as IGBT or its
Its suitable device）.In normal fuel cell activation situation（For example, vehicle 13 is when the external temperature of vehicle 13 is more than 5 DEG C
Start）Period, contactor 18 close so that fuel cell pack 12 provides electric power to load 16.When contactor 18 closes, from combustion
Electric current caused by material battery pile 12 flows through contactor 18, and bypasses inductor 20, diode 22 and switching device 24.
In cold start mode（For example, vehicle 13 starts when external temperature is less than 5 DEG C）Under, contactor 18 disconnects, and
Fuel cell pack 12 drives inductor 20, diode 22 and switching device 24.In this case, IGBT24 is in response to carrying out spontaneous combustion
Expect that the electric power of battery pile 12 produces heat.Transport the pipeline of cooling agent（It is not shown）It is placed near IGBT24 so that cooling agent
It is heated therefrom.The pipeline extends on fuel cell pack 12, and heated cooling agent is used to heat fuel cell pack 12.
In addition, IGBT24 driving loads 16.It should be appreciated that load 16 includes any amount for enabling the vehicle to drive and/or operating
Vehicle relevant device.Under cold start mode, IGBT24 can provide enough electric power to drive at least partly load 16 so that
Vehicle-start condition is possibly realized during the cold start of fuel cell pack 12.It will be discussed in more detail below.
Fig. 2 depicts to be used to set with the second of high voltage embodiment heating fuel cell pack 12 according to one embodiment
Standby 30.Second equipment 30 generally comprises fuel cell pack 12, boost converter 14, controller 32 and temperature sensor 33.It is logical
Often, temperature sensor 33 can the AD HOC based on fuel cell pack 12 be opened or closed come control contactor 18.For example, firing
In the case that material battery pile 12 is in normal fuel cell activation state, controller 32 can control contactor 18 to close, so as to
Allow electric power around the IGBT24 in boost converter 14 and additional circuit.In this case, various loads 16（Such as but
It is not limited to traction motor 34, air compressor（Or cathode compressor）36th, variable voltage load 38（For example, motor compressor
Motor or it is other can be in the suitable device for the electric pressing operation that 450V is changed to from 170V）, it is DC/DC converters 40, fixed
Voltage loads 42（For example, opened loop control induction conductivity））It can be powered with battery 44 by fuel cell pack 12.Controller 32 by with
It is set to during vehicle launch and the signal of the external temperature for indicating vehicle 13 is received from temperature sensor 33.If measurement
Temperature exceeds predetermined temperature levels, then controller 32 determines that vehicle 13 is in normal fuel cell activation state.This
In the case of, controller 32 closes contactor 18, to allow fuel cell pack 12 to the power supply of load 16.
In general, the second equipment 30 can be generally defined as high-voltage fuel cell stack embodiment.In this feelings
Under condition, fuel cell pack 12 provides enough electric currents to drive traction motor 34 and air compressor 36.For example, fuel cell
Heap 12 can will provide vehicle bus 35 for providing the electric current of 170V to voltage between 450V, with drive traction motor 34,
Air compressor 36 and variable voltage load 38.
Traction motor 34 is configured to enable vehicle 13 to be driven.Air compressor 36 is to being sent to fuel cell pack
12 air-flow is pressurized, to allow fuel cell pack 12 to produce electric current.In one example, air compressor 36 may need
At least 170V carrys out the operation of operating fuel cell heap.However, air compressor 36 may still provide enough pressurized airs, with
Fuel cell pack 12 is allowed to perform vehicle launch under the voltage less than 170V（For example, the local behaviour under cold start mode
Make）.Hereinafter, will be discussed in more detail.As noted above, fuel cell pack 12 receives air and hydrogen, and by described in
It is converted into electric current or electric power air and hydrogen gas electrochemical.
In normal fuel cell starting state（Normal fuel cell operation）Under, fuel cell pack 12 can produce and be stored in electricity
Electric power on pond 44.In addition, battery 44 can also power to the various loads 16 in vehicle 13.DC/DC converters 40 are arranged
For step-up/down converter（boost/buck converter）.For example, DC/DC converters 40 can be used as buck converter, and
So that the voltage provided from fuel cell pack 12 gradually reduces the voltage to be adapted for storage on battery 44, and for fixed electricity
Pressure load 42 uses.When DC/DC converters 40 are arranged to boost converter, may be such that from battery 44 provide voltage progressively
Rise, to drive traction motor 34, air compressor 36 and variable voltage load 38.
During vehicle launch, in controller 32 based on the information temperature received from temperature sensor 33 less than predetermined
Temperature value（For example, 5 DEG C）In the case of, controller 32 determines that fuel cell pack 12 undergoes cold start（For example, at vehicle
In cold start mode）.
If temperature drops to less than 5 DEG C, and vehicle 13 is started to be operated（For example, fuel cell pack 12 undergoes
Cold start）, then the control contactor 18 of controller 32 disconnect, so as to allow fuel cell pack 12 to inductor 20, the and of diode 22
Switching device 24 supplies electric power.The electric current of fuel cell pack 12 is provided in response to producing, IGBT24 provides heat with to fuel
Battery pile 12 is heated.In this case, IGBT24 provides enough electric power（Or sufficient voltage level）To activate DC/
DC converters 40.For example, DC/DC converters 40 may have the minimum operation voltage between 125V-150V.Boosting
Converter 14 combines DC/DC converters 40 to provide enough voltage（For example, at least 125V）And electric power, with operation load 16
（Including traction motor 34 and air compressor 36）, so as to perform vehicle launch under cold start mode.DC/DC converters 40
The voltage from battery 44 can be also raised, to drive traction motor 34 and air compressor 36, so as to allow driver can
Perform vehicle launch.
It should be appreciated that the ability that temperature starts vehicle for driver works.For example, temperature is lower, vehicle 13 is held
It is longer that row starts the time spent.For example, in the case where temperature is -15 DEG C, it may be necessary to spend about 20 seconds to 30
Second performs vehicle start operation.In another example, in the case where temperature is -40 DEG C, it may be necessary to spend about 1.5 points
Clock performs vehicle launch.Under cold start mode, the commonly provided enough heat of boost converter 14 is to heat fuel cell pack
12 and enough voltage is provided to drive the device on vehicle bus 35, to enable a driver to start vehicle.Once fuel
The temperature of battery pile 12 reaches predetermined level, then the control contactor 18 of controller 32 closes, so as to deactivate IGBT24.At that
When, increased voltage level is provided by fuel cell pack 12, to drive the various loads 16 on vehicle bus 35.
Fig. 3 depicts to be used to set with the 3rd of low-voltage embodiment heating fuel cell pack 12 the according to one embodiment
Standby 50.In general, the 3rd equipment 50 can generally be defined as low-voltage fuel cell pack embodiment.3rd equipment 50 is wrapped
The first DC/DC converters 52 and the 2nd DC/DC converters 54 are included, the 2nd DC/DC converters 54 are substituted on described in Fig. 2
DC/DC converters 40.In addition, for example, the 3rd equipment 50 includes additional vehicle bus load 38 '（For example, it is desired to come from vehicle
The load of the higher voltage of bus 35, such as traction motor 34）With the battery bus load 42 ' from battery 44（Example
Such as, the load of relatively low voltage is needed when compared with the voltage from vehicle bus 35（Such as compressor of air conditioner is electronic
Machine））.
Fuel cell pack 12 is generally configured lower than the voltage on the fuel cell pack 12 described in Fig. 2 to provide
Voltage（For example, 250V）.So, although contactor 18 closes under normal fuel cell operation pattern, the first DC/
DC converters 52 are used as boost converter, and 250V voltage is increased to the 350V to 400V on vehicle bus 35.Vehicle is total
Such elevated voltage on line 35 drives traction motor 34 and air compressor 36 in a normal operation mode.In addition,
Additional vehicle bus load 38 ' also utilizes 350V to the voltage between 400V.2nd DC/DC converters 54 are alternatively arranged as being depressured
Converter, and the voltage on vehicle bus 35 is gradually reduced to be adapted for storage on battery 44 and driving battery bus to load
42 ' voltage.
Under cold start mode, the control contactor 18 of controller 32 disconnects, with allow fuel cell pack 12 to inductor 20,
Diode 22 and IGBT24 power supplies.IGBT24 provides heat to fuel cell pack 12, to be heated to fuel cell pack 12.At this
In the case of kind, IGBT24 provides enough electric power（Or sufficient voltage level）, to activate the first DC/DC converters 52.First
DC/DC converters 52 can have the minimum operation voltage between 125V-150V.In this case, IGBT24 is carried
For the electric current for the voltage for providing minimum flow to the first DC/DC converters 52 enough so that the first DC/DC converters 52 can be carried out
Operation.Then, the first DC/DC converters 52 can raise the voltage from fuel cell pack 12, to drive the He of traction motor 34
Air compressor 36, so as to allow driver to be able to carry out vehicle launch.Then 2nd DC/DC converters 54 can be based on vehicle total
Voltage on line 35 is operated.In other words, when the first DC/DC converters 52 receive at least 125V voltage or some its
During its minimum voltage, the 2nd DC/DC converters 54 are turned by keeping constant voltage to drive on vehicle bus 35 from the first DC/DC
The output of parallel operation 52 provides the voltage on vehicle bus 35.
Fig. 4 is to depict the various electrology characteristics relevant with fuel cell pack 12 according to one embodiment（For example, along y
Axle）As the output current from fuel cell pack 12（Stack-I-terminal-gross）（For example, along x-axis）Function
Diagram 70.Diagram 70 show generally with the voltage at the terminal of fuel cell pack 12（Stack-U-terminal）It is corresponding
First waveform 72.Diagram 70 also show the power generally with sending vehicle 13 to（Stack-Pw-terminal）It is corresponding
Second waveform 74, the power are counted by the way that the voltage of fuel cell pack 12 is multiplied with the output current of fuel cell pack 12
Calculate.Diagram 70 also show generally with to the heat provided inside fuel cell pack 12（Stack-Pw-heat）It is corresponding
3rd waveform 76.
Generally as shown in point 82, first waveform 72 shows that fuel cell pack 12 is in open-circuit voltage（OCV）（Example
Such as, 250V）, IGBT24 is in 0% dutycycle.Second waveform 74 is shown when the voltage reduction of first waveform 72, with output
Electric current increase, send the power increase of vehicle 13 to.In this case, IGBT24 increases its dutycycle, causes output current
Increase, and cause the voltage at fuel cell pack 12 to reduce.When IGBT24 is in 100% dutycycle, output current is in most
Big value（For example, about 770A）, but the voltage of fuel cell pack 12 has descended to 0V.
Generally as point 84 shown in, this state instruction will with the heating of fuel cell pack 12 increased fuel cell
The maximum available power of heap 12（For example, the peak power of load 16 can be sent to from fuel cell pack 12）.In the second waveform 74
In, the power of vehicle is sent in about 675A（Corresponding to IGBT24 specific X dutycycles）Place reaches vehicle peak value, then
The power of transmission reduces.Generally as shown in point 86, when IGBT24 is in 100% dutycycle, the power drop of transmission is
Zero.Through the vertical line 90 of the 675A in x-axis and when IGBT24 is in specific X dutycycles and sends vehicle in diagram 70
It is corresponding that 13 power is in its Acrophase.For the equal-wattage for being sent to vehicle 13 that such as the second waveform 74 is showed, with
By the way that IGBT24 dutycycle is modulated into X from 0%（For example, in the left-hand operation fuel cell pack 12 of vertical line 90）Compare, lead to
Cross and IGBT24 dutycycle is modulated to 100% from X（For example, in the east side operation fuel cell pack 12 of vertical line 90）, fuel electricity
Chi Dui will produce more heat, as the 3rd waveform 76 shows.
Although exemplary embodiment is described above, do not mean that these embodiments describe the institute of the present invention
Possible form.More precisely, word used in the description is descriptive word rather than restricted word,
And should be understood that without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes can be carried out to it.Separately
Outside, the feature of the embodiment of various implementations can combine, to form the further embodiment of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of equipment for being used to heat fuel cell pack under cold start mode, the equipment include：
Fuel cell pack, for driving vehicle；
Boost converter, including for transmitting the power switching device of heat to fuel cell pack；
Controller, it is configured as：
The signal of instruction temperature is received during vehicle launch；
Temperature and predetermined temperature value are compared；
If temperature is less than the predetermined temperature value, connect power switching device so that power switching device in response to from
Fuel cell pack receives electric power and produces the heat for being delivered to fuel cell pack and produce the electricity for driving power circuit
Pressure, to enable the vehicle to start when fuel cell pack receives hot.
2. equipment according to claim 1, wherein, the boost converter also includes being operatively coupled to fuel cell
The contactor of heap.
3. equipment according to claim 2, wherein, the controller is additionally configured to be less than the predetermined temperature in temperature
The contactor is disconnected in the case of angle value.
4. equipment according to claim 2, wherein, the controller is additionally configured to be higher than the predetermined temperature in temperature
The contactor is closed in the case of angle value.
5. equipment according to claim 4, wherein, the contactor is configured as electric power being sent to from fuel cell pack
Load in vehicle, to drive vehicle.
6. equipment according to claim 1, wherein, the power circuit includes：DC/DC converters, for receiving voltage,
To drive cathode compressor and traction motor, to enable the vehicle to start when fuel cell pack receives hot.
7. equipment according to claim 6, wherein, the voltage is in 125V between 150V.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US201361794728P | 2013-03-15 | 2013-03-15 | |
| US61/794,728 | 2013-03-15 | ||
| US13/959,242 US10164273B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2013-08-05 | Apparatus and method for heating a fuel cell stack |
| US13/959,242 | 2013-08-05 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104051764A CN104051764A (en) | 2014-09-17 |
| CN104051764B true CN104051764B (en) | 2018-04-10 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201410099489.2A Active CN104051764B (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-03-17 | For heating the apparatus and method of fuel cell pack |
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Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| KR101628507B1 (en) * | 2014-10-29 | 2016-06-08 | 현대자동차주식회사 | Control method for starting of fuel cell vehicle |
| DE102018201233A1 (en) * | 2017-04-18 | 2018-10-18 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Motor vehicle with a fuel cell |
| CN108528234B (en) * | 2018-02-28 | 2021-08-13 | 深圳国氢新能源科技有限公司 | Fuel cell protection system and charging method thereof |
| KR20210044631A (en) * | 2019-10-15 | 2021-04-23 | 현대자동차주식회사 | Fuel cell vehicle and method for controlling generation for the same |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6358638B1 (en) * | 1999-12-22 | 2002-03-19 | General Motors Corporation | Cold start-up of a PEM fuel cell |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20060280977A1 (en) * | 2005-06-09 | 2006-12-14 | Denso Corporation | Fuel cell system |
| US20070292724A1 (en) * | 2006-06-16 | 2007-12-20 | Gilchrist Ian T | System and method to start a fuel cell stack during a cold-start condition |
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2014
- 2014-03-17 CN CN201410099489.2A patent/CN104051764B/en active Active
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6358638B1 (en) * | 1999-12-22 | 2002-03-19 | General Motors Corporation | Cold start-up of a PEM fuel cell |
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