CN104049073A - Compacted clay impervious structure cracking failure simulation test system under environmental gradient action - Google Patents
Compacted clay impervious structure cracking failure simulation test system under environmental gradient action Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a compacted clay impervious structure cracking failure simulation test system under an environmental gradient action and belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering. The simulation system comprises an air supply device, a drying system, a temperature control system, a penetration testing system and a humidity control system. The simulation system can dynamically regulate the temperature, humidity and air pressure according to actual working conditions, simulate the environmental gradient under actual conditions, monitor the crack evolution process in real time and perform quantitative evaluation on the cracked soil sample structure. The system is high in sealing property and high in reliability and can be used for experimental study of soil sample crack structures and gas permeability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to compacted cohesive soil leakage preventing structure Cracking Failure simulation experiment system under a kind of environmental gradient effect, belong to Geotechnical Engineering field.
Background technology
Environmental gradient, as thermograde, moist gradient, barometric gradient etc., acting on the inhomogeneous deformation that rock soil medium causes is the one of the main reasons that geotechnical engineering structure destroys.This problem is particularly outstanding in Solid Waste Landfills compacted cohesive soil leakage preventing structure.As the major project structure of Closure of landfill site covering system, compacted cohesive soil leakage preventing structure is in landfill yard top layer, and top directly contacts with atmosphere, is subject to atmosphere drying and watering cycle, freeze thawing circulating effect obvious, and bottom contacts with junk-heap body.In garbage degradation process, can produce a large amount of gas and heat.Make on the one hand compacted cohesive soil leakage preventing structure bottom be in the hot environment of 50 ~ 70 ° of C, and top approaches normal temperature, temperature contrast is larger; The gas that garbage degradation produces on the other hand also makes the air pressure of bottom apparently higher than top.The environmental difference that refuse landfill is inside and outside, causes the huge environmental gradient of the inner formation of compacted cohesive soil leakage preventing structure, causes compacted cohesive soil inside configuration generation inhomogeneous deformation, and in drawing zone, forms a large amount of macroscopic fractures.Once landfill compaction clay leakage preventing structure cracking, will provide direct channel for rainwater infiltration and internal gas volatilization, cause serious Geological Hazard and problem of environmental pollution.
Researching and developing compacted cohesive soil leakage preventing structure Cracking Failure simulation experiment system and corresponding method for testing and analyzing under a set of environmental gradient effect, is one of key scientific problems disclosing compacted cohesive soil leakage preventing structure Cracking Failure mechanism under environmental gradient effect.Its key problem is how to realize the dynamic regulation of environmental gradient, the real-time monitoring of compacted cohesive soil cracking process and the quantitative evaluation of permeance property.The similar device occurring in the market, China Patent Publication No. CN201984041U, open day on September 21st, 2011, denomination of invention is the pick-up unit in clay crack under the coupling of a kind of temperature-current, China Patent Publication No. CN202949783U, open day on May 29th, 2013, denomination of invention be a kind of for soil-vegetation-atmosphere Continuum, be the artificial climate system of model test, factor all just at one end controls environment, do not consider the environmental difference at compacted cohesive soil two ends under actual condition, impact that can not fine simulated environment gradient, also cannot directly to soil sample after ftractureing, carry out quantitative evaluation, China Patent Publication No. CN103344748A, open day on October 9th, 2013, denomination of invention is soil deformation and water translocation characteristic test device and method under thermograde effect, though can control different temperature to soil sample two ends, the environmental factor of controlling is comparatively single.
Therefore, there is no at present existing instrument and equipment and can directly apply to compacted cohesive soil leakage preventing structure Cracking Failure simulation under environmental gradient effect, be badly in need of research and development a set of equipment to the simulation of compacted cohesive soil leakage preventing structure Cracking Failure and correlation parameter test analysis under environmental gradient effect, for compacted cohesive soil leakage preventing structure Cracking Failure mechanism research under environmental gradient effect provides parameter support.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned existing problems, the object of the present invention is to provide compacted cohesive soil leakage preventing structure Cracking Failure simulation experiment system under a kind of environmental gradient effect.For achieving the above object, technical solution of the present invention is:
Compacted cohesive soil leakage preventing structure Cracking Failure simulation experiment system under a kind of environmental gradient effect, described simulation system is by feeder, drying system, temperature control system, penetration testing system, moisture control system forms, temperature control system is by thermal current amount controller, hot gas collection chamber, vortex tube chamber, cold air collection chamber, cold air flow controller forms, vortex tube chamber interior is provided with the vortex tube that two more parallels connect, the air intake opening of thermal current amount controller is connected with the gas outlet of hot gas collection chamber by soft air-guide pipe, vortex tube two ends in vortex tube chamber are connected with the air intake opening of cold air collection chamber with the air intake opening of hot gas collection chamber by soft air-guide pipe respectively, the gas outlet of cold air collection chamber is connected with the air intake opening of cold air flow controller by soft air-guide pipe, penetration testing system is by thermal convection chamber, sample chamber, cold convection cell forms, top, sample chamber is fixed by bolts in the groove of cold convection cell bottom, bottom, sample chamber is fixed by bolts in the groove at top, thermal convection chamber, sample chamber and cold convection cell, the binding site of thermal convection chamber is equipped with O-ring seal, bottom, thermal convection chamber is provided with lower piston, the piston head of lower piston is placed in the draw-in groove of bottom, thermal convection chamber, between the inwall of the piston head of lower piston and thermal convection chamber, be provided with O-ring seal, connection bottom, the piston rod one end hydraulic system of lower piston, on the symmetrical side of thermal convection chamber, have mounting hole, in mounting hole, be respectively equipped with temperature sensor, humidity sensor, one side outer wall of thermal convection chamber is provided with bottom blowdown valve, bottom blowdown valve is positioned at humidity sensor below, the inside of sample chamber is provided with rubber bag tank and porous plate, porous plate is positioned at the binding site of sample chamber and thermal convection chamber, and perpendicular to sample chamber sidewall, rubber bag tank is shape ringwise, be positioned at the top of porous plate, the outer wall of sample chamber is provided with confined pressure gas bleed valve and confined pressure sensor, cold convection cell top is provided with upper piston, between upper piston and cold convection cell inwall, be provided with O-ring seal, connection top, the piston rod one end hydraulic system of upper piston, on the symmetrical side of cold convection cell, have mounting hole, in mounting hole, be respectively equipped with temperature sensor and humidity sensor, the outer wall of cold convection cell is provided with top blowdown valve, top blowdown valve is positioned at humidity sensor top, the piston head of upper piston is hollow shape, piston head inside is provided with digital imaging system, connection top, the piston rod one end hydraulic system of upper piston, direction along piston head to top hydraulic system on piston rod is provided with flow switching valve successively, flowmeter, infiltration switch valve, moisture control system is by humidity controller, water tank, precipitation stop valve forms, the water inlet of humidity controller is connected with the water delivering orifice of water tank by aqueduct, the gas outlet of feeder is connected with the air intake opening of drying system by soft air-guide pipe, the gas outlet of drying system is connected with soft air-guide pipe, and be connected with the air intake opening of vortex tube chamber and the air intake opening of humidity controller respectively by T-valve, the gas outlet of thermal current amount controller is communicated with the piston rod of lower piston by soft air-guide pipe, the gas outlet of cold air flow controller connects soft air-guide pipe, and be communicated with piston rod and the rubber bag tank of upper piston respectively by T-valve, the water delivering orifice of humidity controller is communicated with cold convection cell and thermal convection chamber respectively by aqueduct.
Described soft air-guide pipe outer wall is equipped with thermal insulation material.
Soft air-guide pipe between drying system and humidity controller is provided with humidity stop valve, soft air-guide pipe between thermal current amount controller and lower piston is provided with hot gas stop valve, soft air-guide pipe between cold air flow controller and sample chamber is provided with confined pressure gas stop valve, soft air-guide pipe between cold air flow controller and upper piston is provided with cold air stop valve, and the aqueduct between humidity controller and water tank is provided with precipitation stop valve.
The piston rod of upper piston and lower piston, piston head inner hollow, the surface of piston head is provided with pore.Infiltration switch valve is communicated with the piston rod of upper piston.
Owing to having adopted above technical scheme, the present invention can simulate thermograde, moist gradient and the barometric gradient in actual condition.By vortex tube chamber, can produce hot and cold two kinds of gases, adopt the mode of gaseous exchange to control the different temperature in soil sample two ends, and temprature control unit directly do not contact with soil sample, be conducive to migration and the evaporation of soil sample internal moisture.Moisture in water tank is under the effect of high speed compression gas, with vaporific two convection cells, the different humidity in control soil sample two ends of entering.Top blowdown valve, bottom blowdown valve can be according to the air pressure automatic vents of setting.Digital imaging system can be monitored in real time to the cracking process of soil sample.In addition, the present invention can carry out gas permeation test to the soil sample after cracking, evaluates the variation of soil sample inner structure by mensurated gas composition infiltration coefficient.Multiplex aqueous medium during current indoor test clay infiltration coefficient, and soil sample needs first saturated.But it is closed that the crack in soil sample can occur in saturated and process of osmosis, impact that can not effective evaluation crack.The present invention can avoid this problem with gas as permeating medium, and the glutinousness of gas is little, more responsive to micromechanism.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail.
See accompanying drawing.
Compacted cohesive soil leakage preventing structure Cracking Failure simulation experiment system under a kind of environmental gradient effect, described simulation system is comprised of feeder 1, drying system 2, temperature control system 8, penetration testing system 15, moisture control system 24, feeder 1 produces high speed compression gas, after drying system 2 is dry, enters respectively temperature control system 8 and moisture control system 24.
Temperature control system 8 consists of thermal current amount controller 3, hot gas collection chamber 4, vortex tube chamber 5, cold air collection chamber 6, cold air flow controller 7,5 inside, vortex tube chamber are provided with the vortex tube that two more parallels connect, and can determine according to actual needs the number of vortex tube.The air intake opening of thermal current amount controller 3 is connected with the gas outlet of hot gas collection chamber 4 by soft air-guide pipe, vortex tube two ends in vortex tube chamber 5 are connected with the air intake opening of cold air collection chamber 6 with the air intake opening of hot gas collection chamber 4 by soft air-guide pipe respectively, and the gas outlet of cold air collection chamber 6 is connected with the air intake opening of cold air flow controller 7 by soft air-guide pipe.The dry gas that enters vortex tube chamber 5 produces hot and cold two kinds of gases through each vortex tube, and cold air collects and enters cold air collection chamber 6, finally enters cold convection cell 19, and hot gas collects and enters hot gas collection chamber 4, finally enters thermal convection chamber 32.The outer wall of two collection chambers is equipped with thermal insulation material.Cold air flow controller 7 and thermal current amount controller 3 regulate respectively the flow of cold air and hot gas according to the temperature of setting.
Penetration testing system 15 consists of thermal convection chamber 32, sample chamber 22, cold convection cell 19.22 tops, sample chamber are fixed by bolts in the groove of cold convection cell 19 bottoms, and 22 bottoms, sample chamber are fixed by bolts in the groove at 32 tops, thermal convection chamber, and the binding site of sample chamber 22 and cold convection cell 19, thermal convection chamber 32 is equipped with O-ring seal.The outer wall of two convection cells and sample chamber is equipped with thermal insulation material.32 bottoms, thermal convection chamber are provided with lower piston 33, the piston head of lower piston 33 is placed in the draw-in groove of 32 bottoms, thermal convection chamber, between the inwall of piston head and thermal convection chamber 32, be provided with O-ring seal, connection bottom, piston rod one end hydraulic system 34, hydraulic system 34 is by the movement of piston rod control piston head, the hot gas being produced by temperature control system 8 enters the cavity of piston rod and piston head inside by soft air-guide pipe, finally enter thermal convection chamber 32, in the mode of convection current to soil sample bottom temperature control, on the symmetrical side of thermal convection chamber 32, have mounting hole, in mounting hole, be respectively equipped with temperature sensor 35, humidity sensor 29, humidity sensor 29 feeds back to humidity controller 27 by indoor humidity, temperature sensor 35 by indoor temperature feedback to thermal current amount controller 3, one side outer wall of thermal convection chamber 32 is provided with bottom blowdown valve 30, bottom blowdown valve 30 is positioned at humidity sensor 29 belows, and be communicated with thermal convection chamber 32, according to the air pressure of setting, blowdown valve automatic vent.The inside of sample chamber 22 is provided with rubber bag tank 23 and porous plate 31, porous plate 31 is positioned at the binding site of sample chamber 22 and thermal convection chamber 32, and perpendicular to sample chamber 22 sidewalls, between the inwall of porous plate 31 edges and sample chamber 22, be provided with O-ring seal, rubber bag tank 23 is shape ringwise, be positioned at the top of porous plate 31, the outer wall of sample chamber 22 is provided with confined pressure gas bleed valve 28 and confined pressure sensor 38, all the sidewall through sample chamber 22 is communicated with rubber bag tank 23, confined pressure sensor 38 feeds back to cold air flow controller 7 by the air pressure in capsule, gas in rubber bag tank 23 can be discharged by confined pressure gas bleed valve 28, cold air enters rubber bag tank 23 by soft air-guide pipe confined pressure is provided.Cold convection cell 19 tops are provided with upper piston 18, between piston head and cold convection cell 19 inwalls, be provided with O-ring seal, on the symmetrical side of cold convection cell 19, have mounting hole, in mounting hole, be respectively equipped with temperature sensor 11 and humidity sensor 21, temperature sensor 11 by indoor temperature feedback to cold air flow controller 7, humidity sensor 21 feeds back to humidity controller 27 by indoor humidity, the outer wall of cold convection cell 19 is provided with top blowdown valve 20, top blowdown valve 20 is positioned at humidity sensor 21 tops, and be communicated with cold convection cell 19, according to the air pressure of setting, blowdown valve automatic vent, the piston head of upper piston 18 is hollow shape, piston head inside is provided with digital imaging system 17, digital imaging system 17 is provided with over cap, during use, over cap is opened, variation to soil sample top is monitored in real time, connection top, the piston rod one end hydraulic system 13 of upper piston 18, top hydraulic system 13 is by the movement of piston rod regulating piston head, the cold air being produced by temperature control system 8 enters the cavity of piston rod and piston head by soft air-guide pipe, finally enter cold convection cell 19, direction along piston head to top hydraulic system 13 on piston rod is provided with flow switching valve 12 successively, flowmeter 16, infiltration switch valve 14, flowmeter 16 shows by total flow and the flow velocity of gas, infiltration switch valve 14 is communicated with piston rod.
Moisture control system 24 consists of humidity controller 27, water tank 25, precipitation stop valve 26, the water inlet of humidity controller 27 is connected with the water delivering orifice of water tank 25 by aqueduct, the moisture flowing out from water tank 25 under the effect of high speed compression gas with vaporific two convection cells that enter, according to the humidity of setting, humidity controller 27 regulates the water smoke flow that enters two convection cells.
The gas outlet of feeder 1 is connected with the air intake opening of drying system 2 by soft air-guide pipe, the gas outlet of drying system 2 is connected with soft air-guide pipe, and be connected with the air intake opening of humidity controller 27 with the air intake opening of vortex tube chamber 5 respectively by T-valve, the gas outlet of thermal current amount controller 3 is communicated with the piston rod of lower piston 33 by soft air-guide pipe, the gas outlet of cold air flow controller 7 connects soft air-guide pipe, and be communicated with piston rod and the rubber bag tank 23 of upper piston 18 respectively by T-valve, the gas outlet of humidity controller 27 is communicated with cold convection cell 19 and thermal convection chamber 32 respectively by soft air-guide pipe.
Described soft air-guide pipe outer wall is equipped with thermal insulation material.
The soft air-guide pipe that described drying system 2 and humidity controller are 27 is provided with humidity stop valve 36, the soft air-guide pipe that thermal current amount controller 3 and lower piston are 33 is provided with hot gas stop valve 37, the soft air-guide pipe that cold air flow controller 7 and sample chamber are 22 is provided with confined pressure gas stop valve 9, the soft air-guide pipe that cold air flow controller 7 and upper piston are 18 is provided with cold air stop valve 10, and the aqueduct that humidity controller 27 and water tank are 25 is provided with precipitation stop valve 26.
The piston rod of upper piston 18 and lower piston 33, piston head inner hollow, the surface of piston head is provided with pore.
The principle of work of equipment of the present invention is as follows:
Before test, first with calorifier, ready pyrocondensation belt is preheated to 60-70 ° of C, be enclosed within the cylindrical soil sample preparing, from centre position along hoop homogeneous heating, make pyrocondensation belt evenly shrink and be adjacent to soil sample, after recovering normal temperature again, top and bottom put rubber ring, porous plate 31 is placed in the groove at 32 tops, thermal convection chamber, then puts ready soil sample, put sample chamber 22.Open the over cap of digital imaging system 17; cold convection cell 19 is installed; utilize top hydraulic system 13 that the piston head of upper piston 18 is moved to correct position, with bolt, fix the binding site of sample chamber 22 and cold convection cell 19, thermal convection chamber 32, finally connect each soft air-guide pipe.
After installing, set temperature, humidity, the air pressure of two convection cells, close flow stop valve 12, infiltration switch valve 14, confined pressure gas stop valve 9, precipitation stop valve 26 and confined pressure gas bleed valve 28, cold air stop valve 10, hot gas stop valve 37 and humidity stop valve 36 are transferred to suitable aperture, open after feeder switch, then precipitation stop valve 26 is transferred to suitable aperture.Under the condition setting, the variation on 17 pairs of soil sample tops of digital imaging system is monitored.
Soil sample is carried out before gas permeation test, first close switch, cold air stop valve 10, hot gas stop valve 37, humidity stop valve 36, precipitation stop valve 26 and the flow switching valve 12 of feeder 1, confined pressure gas stop valve 9 is transferred to suitable aperture.Open the switch of feeder 1, when the air pressure in rubber bag tank 23 reaches setting value, close the switch of confined pressure gas stop valve 9 and feeder 1.Utilize top hydraulic system 13 to move the piston head of upper piston 18; make it shift out cold convection cell 19; close the over cap of digital imaging system 17; the piston head of mobile upper piston 18 is until contact with soil sample top again; then utilize bottom hydraulic system 34 to move the piston head of lower piston 33, until contact with porous plate 31.Hot gas stop valve 37 and cold air stop valve 10 are transferred to suitable aperture, open the switch of infiltration switch valve 14, flow switching valve 12 and feeder 1, after gas flow rate is stable, reads confined pressure, admission pressure, time and go out airshed.Regulate hot gas stop valve 37 to change admission pressure, after flow speed stability, read again above-mentioned each amount, calculate the gas permeability coefficient under this confined pressure.After having tested under a certain confined pressure, regulate confined pressure gas stop valve 9 to change confined pressure, repeat this process.
After being completed, close the switch of feeder 1, open the gas that confined pressure gas bleed valve 28 is discharged in rubber bag tank 23.The piston head of mobile two pistons is to penetration testing system 15 two ends respectively; close flow switching valve 12, infiltration switch valve 14, confined pressure gas stop valve 9 and confined pressure gas bleed valve 28; cold air stop valve 10, hot gas stop valve 37, humidity stop valve 36 are transferred to suitable aperture; open the over cap of feeder 1 switch and digital imaging system 17; continue to observe in the variation of lower soil sample that imposes a condition, for test next time is prepared.
Claims (4)
1. compacted cohesive soil leakage preventing structure Cracking Failure simulation experiment system under an environmental gradient effect, it is characterized in that: described simulation system is by feeder (1), drying system (2), temperature control system (8), penetration testing system (15), moisture control system (24) forms, temperature control system (8) is by thermal current amount controller (3), hot gas collection chamber (4), vortex tube chamber (5), cold air collection chamber (6), cold air flow controller (7) forms, inside, vortex tube chamber (5) is provided with the vortex tube that two more parallels connect, the air intake opening of thermal current amount controller (3) is connected with the gas outlet of hot gas collection chamber (4) by soft air-guide pipe, vortex tube two ends in vortex tube chamber (5) are connected with the air intake opening of cold air collection chamber (6) with the air intake opening of hot gas collection chamber (4) by soft air-guide pipe respectively, the gas outlet of cold air collection chamber (6) is connected with the air intake opening of cold air flow controller (7) by soft air-guide pipe, penetration testing system (15) is by thermal convection chamber (32), sample chamber (22), cold convection cell (19) forms, top, sample chamber (22) is fixed by bolts in the groove of cold convection cell (19) bottom, bottom, sample chamber (22) is fixed by bolts in the groove at top, thermal convection chamber (32), sample chamber (22) and cold convection cell (19), the binding site of thermal convection chamber (32) is equipped with O-ring seal, bottom, thermal convection chamber (32) is provided with lower piston (33), the piston head of lower piston (33) is placed in the draw-in groove of bottom, thermal convection chamber (32), between the inwall of the piston head of lower piston (33) and thermal convection chamber (32), be provided with O-ring seal, connection bottom, the piston rod one end hydraulic system (34) of lower piston (33), on the symmetrical side of thermal convection chamber (32), have mounting hole, in mounting hole, be respectively equipped with temperature sensor (35), humidity sensor (29), one side outer wall of thermal convection chamber (32) is provided with bottom blowdown valve (30), bottom blowdown valve (30) is positioned at humidity sensor (29) below, the inside of sample chamber (22) is provided with rubber bag tank (23) and porous plate (31), porous plate (31) is positioned at the binding site of sample chamber (22) and thermal convection chamber (32), and perpendicular to sample chamber (22) sidewall, rubber bag tank (23) ringwise, be positioned at the top of porous plate (31), the outer wall of sample chamber (22) is provided with confined pressure gas bleed valve (28) and confined pressure sensor (38), cold convection cell (19) top is provided with upper piston (18), between upper piston (18) and cold convection cell (19) inwall, be provided with O-ring seal, on the symmetrical side of cold convection cell (19), have mounting hole, in mounting hole, be respectively equipped with temperature sensor (11) and humidity sensor (21), the outer wall of cold convection cell (19) is provided with top blowdown valve (20), top blowdown valve (20) is positioned at humidity sensor (21) top, the piston head of upper piston (18) is hollow shape, piston head inside is provided with digital imaging system (17), connection top, the piston rod one end hydraulic system (13) of upper piston (18), direction along piston head to top hydraulic system (13) on piston rod is provided with flow switching valve (12) successively, flowmeter (16), infiltration switch valve (14), moisture control system (24) is by humidity controller (27), water tank (25), precipitation stop valve (26) forms, the water inlet of humidity controller (27) is connected with the water delivering orifice of water tank (25) by aqueduct, the gas outlet of feeder (1) is connected with the air intake opening of drying system (2) by soft air-guide pipe, the gas outlet of drying system (2) is connected with soft air-guide pipe, and be connected with the air intake opening of humidity controller (27) with the air intake opening of vortex tube chamber (5) respectively by T-valve, the gas outlet of thermal current amount controller (3) is communicated with the piston rod of lower piston (33) by soft air-guide pipe, the gas outlet of cold air flow controller (7) connects soft air-guide pipe, and be communicated with piston rod and the rubber bag tank (23) of upper piston (18) respectively by T-valve, the water delivering orifice of humidity controller (27) is communicated with cold convection cell (19) and thermal convection chamber (32) respectively by aqueduct.
2. compacted cohesive soil leakage preventing structure Cracking Failure simulation experiment system under a kind of environmental gradient effect as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described soft air-guide pipe outer wall is equipped with thermal insulation material.
3. compacted cohesive soil leakage preventing structure Cracking Failure simulation experiment system under a kind of environmental gradient effect as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the soft air-guide pipe between drying system (2) and humidity controller (27) is provided with humidity stop valve (36), soft air-guide pipe between thermal current amount controller (3) and lower piston (33) is provided with hot gas stop valve (37), soft air-guide pipe between cold air flow controller (7) and sample chamber (22) is provided with confined pressure gas stop valve (9), soft air-guide pipe between cold air flow controller (7) and upper piston (18) is provided with cold air stop valve (10), aqueduct between humidity controller (27) and water tank (25) is provided with precipitation stop valve (26).
4. compacted cohesive soil leakage preventing structure Cracking Failure simulation experiment system under a kind of environmental gradient effect as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the piston rod of upper piston (18) and lower piston (33), the inner all hollow of piston head, the surface of piston head is equipped with pore, and infiltration switch valve (14) is communicated with the piston rod of upper piston (18).
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