CN104046788B - The method for reducing old oxide in aluminium casting - Google Patents

The method for reducing old oxide in aluminium casting Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104046788B
CN104046788B CN201410094450.1A CN201410094450A CN104046788B CN 104046788 B CN104046788 B CN 104046788B CN 201410094450 A CN201410094450 A CN 201410094450A CN 104046788 B CN104046788 B CN 104046788B
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furnace charge
solder flux
melt
bath
flux
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CN104046788A (en
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Q.王
D.A.杰勒德
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent

Abstract

The method for reducing the aluminum oxide carried secretly in aluminium casting.This method includes preheating furnace charge to remove moisture removal and pollutant.Then it is coated on one layer of solder flux on all Free Surfaces of furnace charge.Melt bath of the furnace charge formation suitable for the liquid aluminium of casting is then melted in stove.Welding flux layer removes native oxide film from furnace charge surface, and provides covering solder flux to protect melt bath to avoid oxidation.

Description

The method for reducing old oxide in aluminium casting
The cross reference of related application
The right for the U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/789,016 submitted this application claims on March 15th, 2013.
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for reducing oxide in liquid metal, relate more specifically to reduce aluminium casting（aluminum casting）In old aluminum oxide（old aluminum oxide）Methods and techniques.
Background of invention
When aluminium alloy is exposed to oxygenous atmosphere, oxidation film is formed on aluminium alloy.Especially, aluminium is easily in sky Aoxidized in the presence of gas (equation (1)), or moisture (equation (2 and 3)), in the aluminium gold metal surface of any exposure, including liquid and solid Thin, firm oxide film is quickly formed on body surface face,.When the surface of aluminium is exposed to aerobic environment, particularly exist At elevated temperature, aluminium has very high intrinsic oxidation potentiality（inherent potential for oxidation） (Al2O3)。
4Al + 3O2 → 2Al2O3 (1)
3H2O + 2Al → Al2O3 + 3H2 (2)
H2 → 2[H]Melt (3)。
Because aluminum oxide is that thermodynamics is extremely stable, it is typically found in all aluminium alloys.Therefore, appoint What furnace charge（furnace charge）The aluminum oxide of inevitable amount containing typical coating form.In filling out for casting process Mould（mold filling）Period, when the Free Surface ingress of air of melt front and particularly when liquid melts speed produces whirlpool During stream, other aluminum oxide is formed.It is referred to as oxide pre-existing in the melting furnace of " old oxide ", and is referred to as " new oxide（young oxides）" mold filling during often create a difference between those oxides for producing.Campbell, J., Castings, Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, 2003；Q.G. Wang, C.J. Davidson, J.R. Griffiths, and P.N. Crepeau, " Oxide Films, Pores and The Fatigue Lives of Cast Aluminum Alloys ", Metall.Mater.Trans. 37B volume (2006), 887-895 pages.
" old " oxide formed before and during melting can suspend in the melt and migrate to casting.Oxide is led Various downstream problems are caused, unless taken special precautionary measures.For example, the oxide of entrainment is it is believed that improve melt viscosity and apparent Surface tension, thus reduces mobility and negatively affects casting feed.
In addition, being fully recognized that the mechanical performance that there is oxide in aluminium alloy to aluminium casting, particularly fatigability Can be harmful.Oxidation film is reported as the second largest most common source of initiation fatigue cracking in aluminium casting.Except reduction Outside mechanical performance, oxidation causes to consume important aluminium.
Aluminium alloy melting and it is remelted in, a large amount of aluminium slags are produced on molten aluminium metal that may be in stove.Molten During melting technique, average 4~5% charging is lost due to oxidation in stove.When skimming aluminium slag from liquid melts surface, remove Up to 90% material be free aluminum metal.Therefore, the slag in aluminium melting operation includes a large amount of aluminum metals.
The slag that liquid melts surface is skimmed from stove Slow cooling generally on casting floor surface.It is free in slag Aluminum metal due to thermit reaction, i.e. aluminum metal and huge virgin melt surface exothermic oxidation and be further lost.Typical case About 2% aluminum metal is lost due to cooling per minute in ground, slag.Therefore, initially with about 80% aluminum metal slag due to The loss of thermit reaction, will be reduced to about 40% to 60% aluminum metal.
For the oxide in final aluminium casting product is minimized and finally removed, it is generally desirable to reduce feeding mold Liquid metal in old oxide.
Although old oxide is removed from melted metal has strong actual demand, still and it is unreported can The method or technique leaned on.
Summary of the invention
It is open to reduce the method for carrying aluminum oxide in aluminium casting secretly according to one embodiment of the invention.This method bag Preheating furnace charge is included to remove moisture and pollutant.This method further comprises being coated with furnace charge with one layer of solder flux before melting furnace charge Free Surface.Subsequent furnace charge is melted in stove forms the melt bath with bath surface.
It is open to reduce the method for carrying aluminum oxide in aluminium casting secretly according to another embodiment of the invention.This method Including charge preheating is gone into moisture removal and other pollutants at least about 150 DEG C.By furnace charge also with one layer of solder flux it is all from Thickness is applied on surface at least about 1 mm.The solder flux includes the NaCl and KCl of equimolar ratio, and Li, Ca or Mg Chloride；Mg, Na or K sulfate；Or combinations thereof.Subsequent furnace charge is melted in stove forms molten with bath surface Body is bathed.According to this method, in addition to being introduced from flux covering, other solder flux is not injected in melt bath.
It is open to reduce the method for carrying aluminum oxide in aluminium casting secretly according to another embodiment of the invention.This method Including by charge preheating to about 150 DEG C to about 500 DEG C.It is real in the rotary kiln that oxygen content is maintained at 1 volume % to 2 volume % oxygen Now preheat.This method further comprises that it is about 1 mm to about 2 mm that furnace charge Free Surface is applied into thickness with one layer of solder flux.Should Solder flux includes about 30.8 wt% NaCl, about 39.2 wt% KCl, about 5.0 wt% CaCl2, about 5.0 wt% LiCl, about 5.0 wt% MgCl2, about 5.0 wt% Na2SO4, about 7.5 wt% K2SO4About 2.5 wt% MgSO4.Subsequent furnace charge exists Melting forms the melt bath with bath surface in stove.According to this method, in addition to being introduced from flux covering, not in melt Other solder flux is injected in bath.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to reduce the aluminum oxide in the liquid aluminium for casting, and therefore reduce in casting The potentiality of the aluminum oxide of entrainment.According to the invention description summarized herein, other purposes of the invention will be evident.
The present invention also includes following aspect：
1. reducing the method for the aluminum oxide carried secretly in aluminium casting, this method is included：
Preheat furnace charge；
Furnace charge Free Surface is coated with one layer of solder flux；With
The furnace charge in stove is set to melt to form the melt bath with bath surface.
2. the method for aspect 1, wherein by immersing and being realized in melt flux bath and be coated with furnace charge certainly with one layer of solder flux furnace charge By surface.
3. the method for aspect 1, wherein the flux covering is at least about 1 mm thick.
4. the method for aspect 1, wherein the flux covering is about 1 mm to about 2 mm thick.
5. the method for aspect 1, wherein by charge preheating at least about 150 DEG C.
6. the method for aspect 5, wherein preheating the furnace charge using the hot flue gases of melting furnace.
7. the method for aspect 5, wherein preheating the furnace charge in rotary kiln.
8. the method for aspect 7, wherein rotary kiln are control climates, oxygen content is less than any organic pollution on aluminium Combustion limits.
9. the method for aspect 8, wherein the oxygen content keeps below 6 volume % oxygen.
10. the method for aspect 1, wherein stove are side well stove.
11. the method for aspect 1, wherein this method further comprise making solder float to bath surface and form covering weldering Agent.
12. the method for aspect 1, wherein this method do not include injecting solder flux in melt bath.
13. the method for aspect 1, wherein the solder flux includes the NaCl and KCl of equimolar ratio.
14. the method for aspect 13, wherein the solder flux includes about 30.8 wt% NaCl.
15. the method for aspect 13, wherein the solder flux further includes Li, Ca or Mg chloride；Na or K sulfuric acid Salt；Or combinations thereof.
16. the method for aspect 13, wherein the solder flux further includes at least 0.5 wt% CaCl2、LiCl、MgCl2、 MgSO4、Na2SO4、K2SO4Or combinations thereof.
17. the method for aspect 13, wherein the solder flux further includes 4.0-6.0 wt% CaCl2, 4.0-6.0 wt% LiCl, 4.0-6.0 wt% MgCl2, 4.0-6.0 wt% Na2SO4, 6.5-8.5 wt% K2SO4With 2.0-3.0 wt%'s MgSO4。
18. reducing the method for the aluminum oxide carried secretly in aluminium casting, this method includes preheating furnace charge, is applied with one layer of solder flux Cloth furnace charge Free Surface, and make the furnace charge in stove melt to form the melt bath with bath surface, wherein
By charge preheating at least about 150 DEG C；
Flux covering is at least about 1 mm thick；
The solder flux includes the NaCl and KCl of equimolar ratio, and Li, Ca or Mg chloride；Na or K sulfate； Or combinations thereof；With
This method does not include injecting solder flux in melt bath.
19. the method for aspect 18, wherein the solder flux includes 29.8-31.8 wt% NaCl, 38.2-40.2 wt%'s KCl, and 4.0-6.0 wt% CaCl2, 4.0-6.0 wt% LiCl, 4.0-6.0 wt% MgCl2, 4.0-6.0 wt%'s Na2SO4, 6.5-8.5 wt% K2SO4With 2.0-3.0 wt% MgSO4。
20. reducing the method for the aluminum oxide carried secretly in aluminium casting, this method includes preheating furnace charge, is applied with one layer of solder flux Cloth furnace charge Free Surface, and make the furnace charge in stove melt to form the melt bath with bath surface, wherein
By charge preheating to about 150 DEG C to about 500 in the rotary kiln that oxygen content is maintained at 1 volume % to 2 volume % oxygen ℃；
Flux covering is about 1 mm to about 2 mm thick；
The solder flux includes about 30.8 wt% NaCl, about 39.2 wt% KCl, about 5.0 wt% CaCl2, about 5.0 wt% LiCl, about 5.0 wt% MgCl2, about 5.0 wt% Na2SO4, about 7.5 wt% K2SO4About 2.5 wt% MgSO4；With
This method does not include injecting solder flux in melt bath.
The brief description of some views of accompanying drawing
When reading in conjunction with the following drawings, the described further below of particular embodiment of the invention may be better understood, Wherein similar structures are represented with similar reference numeral, and wherein：
Figure 1A is the schematic diagram that aluminum oxide removes technique (detachment process) before aluminium is melted；
Figure 1B is the schematic diagram that aluminum oxide removes technique during aluminium is melted；
Fig. 1 C are the schematic diagram that aluminum oxide removes technique after aluminium is melted；With
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram for acting on aluminium liquid drop and the interfacial tension in aluminum oxide substrate.
Describe in detail
Referring initially to Fig. 1, illustrate to reduce the embodiment of the method for entrainment aluminum oxide in aluminium casting.Because its thermodynamics It is extremely stable, so aluminum oxide 110 is typically found in all aluminium alloys.Therefore, any furnace charge 100, such as ingot and Foundry scrap（casting scrap）, by the aluminum oxide 110 of the inevitable amount containing typical coating form, therefore structure Into xenolith source (exogenous inclusion source).To remove surface aluminum oxide 110 from furnace charge 100 and being particularly Them is easily floated to bath surface, by simply immersing furnace charge in melt flux bath, solid-state is coated with welding flux layer 120 Furnace charge surface.
The method for reducing entrainment aluminum oxide in aluminium casting includes preheating furnace charge 100, and furnace charge is coated with welding flux layer 120, and Melt bath of the furnace charge formation with bath surface is melted in stove.Old aluminum oxide 110 for melting before and during formed that A bit.Many old aluminum oxides 110 in liquid metal for example reclaim cast gate from dirty furnace charge 100（recycled gating）, rising head（riser）And foundry scrap.To reduce the aluminum oxide 110 for entering final casting product from furnace charge 100, Furnace charge Free Surface is coated with welding flux layer 120.The welding flux layer 120 of coating, which not only may assist in, to be added to after liquid aluminium from stove Material 100 peels off aluminum oxide 110, and the oxide peeled off can be promoted to be floated to melt bath surface.It is floated to bath surface Residue effectively solder flux be used as covering solder flux, with during melting further protection liquid melts avoid continue aoxidize.
In one embodiment, before furnace charge 100 is immersed in solder bath, furnace charge 100 is preheated.Heating makes moisture It is dried, and removes from charging other volatile matters.Go moisture removal and volatile component to alleviate the risk exploded in stove, and prevent Only absorb the hydrogen formed when hot aluminium contact wetting and form slag.
Container, plate washer are come from when furnace charge 100 is included（siding）During with the aluminium wastes of other coated products, the preparation of furnace charge Preferably include paint removal, varnish, machine oil and other pollutants.In one embodiment, remove and thermally realize.Especially Ground, in one embodiment, preheating and pollutant removal can be realized by heated by natural gas.It is preferred that, the heating flue of melting furnace Gas is used for pre-processing and preheating furnace charge 100.But, the thermal source of replacement, including new fuel are contemplated in one embodiment, are used To pre-process and preheat furnace charge 100.
Moisture removal, volatile component, paint, varnish, machine oil and other pollutants are removed by heating furnace charge come real from furnace charge 100 It is existing.In one embodiment, furnace charge 100 is preheating at least about 150 DEG C.More specifically, in one embodiment, furnace charge 100 are preheated to about 150 DEG C to about 500 DEG C.
In one embodiment, furnace charge 100 is removed into removing coating in hypoxemia, controlled atmosphere rotary kiln.Hot gas enters kiln Central tube, flowed parallel to furnace charge 100, and the organic matter in evaporation kiln in furnace charge.Oxygen in kiln has kept below unit The Flammability limits divided, it is to avoid the burning in kiln.In one embodiment, the oxygen content in rotary kiln is preferably maintained below 6 bodies Product % oxygen.In one embodiment, oxygen content is maintained at 1 volume % to 2 volume % oxygen.
In the embodiment of the method for entrainment aluminum oxide in reducing aluminium casting, bathed by the way that furnace charge is immersed into melt flux In, it is coated with furnace charge 100 with welding flux layer 120.The welding flux layer 120 of the pickle behavior formation covering all surface of furnace charge 100.
In one embodiment, the welding flux layer 120 on the surface of furnace charge 100 is at least about 1 mm thick.Solder flux on furnace charge 100 The thickness of layer 120 depends on the time that charge-temperature and furnace charge when furnace charge immerses solder bath are immersed in liquid flux.Another In one embodiment, the welding flux layer 120 on the surface of furnace charge 100 is about 1 mm to about 2 mm thick.
During the progress melting process of furnace charge 100 is loaded in stove, energy can be lost.If low temperature loading batch furnace （batch furnace）, then melting operation becomes inefficent, because whole body of heater must be heated together with metal.But, In one embodiment, it is contemplated that be that furnace charge 100 is melted using batch furnace.On the contrary, continuous working furnace relative with batch furnace Efficiency is provided, does not need other energy to carry out heating furnace in each melting cycle.But, load hot stove need to open fire door or Bell so that amount of heat is scattered and disappeared due to hot gas convection current and radiation.In one embodiment, it is contemplated to load furnace charge 100 Technology and system that thermal losses is minimized by period.For example, in one embodiment, using side well stove (side well Furnace) heat and melt furnace charge 100.In the well stove of side, thermal losses is minimized, because during the charging of stove circulation, Molten metal circulates through charging well and returned in siege and reheated.In one embodiment, furnace charge 100 is immersed molten Melt and melted in bath, so reduce the oxidation loss of metal.
In one embodiment, when melting furnace charge 100 with welding flux layer 120, excessive solder float is made to melt table Face and the covering solder flux for forming melt bath.Exposed to air so that aluminium forms aluminum oxide, therefore before solder flux is not covered with Put, the hot surface of melt bath will be with air reaction and forming aluminum oxide.
In one embodiment, in addition to being introduced from flux covering 120, other solder flux is not introduced in melt bath. Generally solder flux is injected in melt bath to remove the oxide of liquid metal with specific time interval.As with welding flux layer 120 Form introduces the result of solder flux, and the oxide of liquid metal is eliminated.Excessive available solder float from welding flux layer 120 is extremely Assemble the bath surface of oxide in process.In addition, excessive available solder flux is reinstated with the oxidation film one removed from furnace charge Make covering solder flux, further protection melt bath avoids continuing to aoxidize.
Welding flux layer 120 helps to remove oxide from furnace charge 100 and liquid metal.Aluminum oxide 110, free aluminum metal and salt Surface and interface phenomenon between compound (solder flux) plays an important role in oxide is removed during melting from aluminium.Alumina The important function of surface and interface phenomenon between thing 110, free aluminum and salt compound, is because interface performance consumingly influences The speed of any reaction occurred across involved each phase.To remove the aluminum oxide 110 in liquid metal, it is necessary to destroy first With at least partly remove the oxidation film that adheres on aluminium so that solder flux can contact the interface between aluminum oxide film and aluminium.
Oxidation film remove mechanism can be between molten aluminum and aluminum oxide film 110 interfacial tension explain.In order to The summation of the interfacial tension of removal aluminum oxide film 110, molten aluminum/fuse salt and aluminum oxide film/fuse salt should be less than molten Interfacial tension between molten aluminum and oxidation film.This relation is showed in equation (4).
(4)。
Thermodynamically, this standard is from unmet.But based on interface turbulent phenomenon, it is believed that removed in aluminum oxide The starting stage gone, salt penetrates into fresh aluminium surface via the crackle 130 in aluminum oxide film 110 first.Because lower floor It is more that aluminum ratio aluminum oxide film 110 expands, and these crackles 130 are formed during heating furnace charge 100.The liquid aluminium of melting inclines To in being changed into spherical, the salt in welding flux layer 120 starts to occur with fresh aluminium via the crackle 130 in aluminum oxide film 110 Chemical reaction.
When the fuse salt in welding flux layer 120 is with fresh reactive aluminum, surface active element, such as sodium and potassium may be inhaled Receive in aluminium surface, cause the interfacial tension between aluminium and salt to reduce.Because due to the skewness of small gap (crackle) 130 Even, whole surface that the absorption of salt ion such as sodium and potassium is dripped along aluminium liquid is simultaneously uneven, so there is concentration ladder along surface Degree.The concentration gradient causes aluminium liquid to tend to rotate due to Interface Moving.Movement is peeling effect, and it is by al oxide layer 110 separate with liquid aluminium.For example, in equimolar NaCl-KCl salt systems, the interfacial tension between aluminium and salt is 710 mN/ M, but when NaF is added in the system, the value is reduced to 450 mN/m.Liquid aluminium is by towards wherein between aluminium and salt Higher (710 mN/m in this case) region rotation of interfacial tension, causes the gross energy of whole system relatively low.
Referring to Fig. 2, there is aluminium liquid drop on the flat oxidation film in fuse salt.Three interfacial tensions act on wet aluminium Drop.Aluminium liquid drips the Presence of an interface power (γ between aluminum oxide film 210Al/ oxides).There is another interface between aluminium and salt 220 Power (γAl/ salt).Finally, there is the 3rd interfacial force (γ between aluminum oxide and salt 230Salt/oxide).When acquisition is by equation (5) table During the equilibrium condition shown, these three interfacial tensions have relation.
(5)。
Contact angle (θ) is measuring for wettability, is between the tangent line at three-phase line of contact and solid-oxide interface Angle.Assuming that dripping the thin-oxide film of peels off area (S) from aluminium liquid, make drop that there is the area (S) contacted with salt, system (Δ G Gibbs free) is provided by equation (6).
(6)。
The combination of equation (5) and equation (6) can be rewritten as equation (7).
(7)。
In order to from aluminium drop separation oxidation film, or in other words to dried aluminium liquid drop, the freedom of system from oxidation film It should can reduce.This point can by reduce aluminium/salt or oxide/salt interfacial tension or improve aluminium/oxide interface tension force come Realize.If the interfacial tension rise between oxide and aluminium, Gibbs free is changed into negative, oxidation film is removed more certainly Hair.But, such as it can determine that the removal of oxidation film is not spontaneous, because the interfacial tension between aluminium and salt with equation (7) It can not possibly be negative.Therefore, alap reduction γAl/ saltValue, and increase contact angle θ as big as possible.
In one embodiment, welding flux layer 120 includes the NaCl and KCl of equimolar ratio.For example, in an embodiment party In case, NaCl and about 39.2 wt%s of the solder flux comprising about 30.8 wt% NaCl, and include the residue of other compositions.
In one embodiment, solder flux includes the NaCl and KCl of equimolar ratio, and Li, Ca, Mg chloride or Combinations thereof.Non-limiting example includes the NaCl and KCl of equimolar ratio, and LiCl and CaCl2；Equimolar ratio NaCl and KCl, and MgCl2And CaCl2；With the NaCl and KCl of equimolar ratio, and LiCl, CaCl2, and MgCl2With CaCl2。
In one embodiment, solder flux comprising equimolar ratio NaCl and KCl potassium and Na, K sulfate or it Combination.Non-limiting example includes the NaCl and KCl of equimolar ratio, and K2SO4；The NaCl and KCl of equimolar ratio, And Na2SO4；With the NaCl and KCl of equimolar ratio, and K2SO4And Na2SO4。
In one embodiment, solder flux includes the NaCl and KCl of equimolar ratio, and CaCl2、LiCl、MgCl2、 MgSO4、Na2SO4、K2SO4Or combinations thereof.Non-limiting example includes the NaCl and KCl of equimolar ratio, and Na2SO4、 LiCl and CaCl2；The NaCl and KCl of equimolar ratio, and MgCl2And K2SO4；With the NaCl and KCl of equimolar ratio, with And LiCl, CaCl2, and MgSO4、K2SO4、Na2SO4、MgCl2And CaCl2。
In one embodiment, solder flux preferably comprises the NaCl and KCl of equimolar ratio, and at least 0.5 wt% CaCl2、LiCl、MgCl2、MgSO4、Na2SO4、K2SO4Or combinations thereof.Solder flux more preferably includes the NaCl of equimolar ratio And KCl, and at least 10 wt% CaCl2、LiCl、MgCl2、MgSO4、Na2SO4、K2SO4Or combinations thereof.Solder flux is more excellent Choosing includes the NaCl and KCl of equimolar ratio, and at least 20 wt% CaCl2、LiCl、MgCl2、MgSO4、Na2SO4、K2SO4 Or combinations thereof.
In one embodiment, solder flux preferably comprises the NaCl and KCl of equimolar ratio, and 4.0-6.0 wt% CaCl2, 4.0-6.0 wt% LiCl, 4.0-6.0 wt% MgCl2, 4.0-6.0 wt% Na2SO4, 6.5-8.5 wt%'s K2SO4With 2.0-3.0 wt% MgSO4.In one embodiment, solder flux more preferably includes 29.8-31.8 wt% NaCl, 38.2-40.2 wt% KCl, and 4.0-6.0 wt% CaCl2, 4.0-6.0 wt% LiCl, 4.0-6.0 wt%'s MgCl2, 4.0-6.0 wt% Na2SO4, 6.5-8.5 wt% K2SO4With 2.0-3.0 wt% MgSO4.The solder flux is more preferably wrapped NaCl containing about 30.8 wt%, about 39.2 wt% KCl, about 5.0 wt% CaCl2, about 5.0 wt% LiCl, about 5.0 wt% MgCl2, about 5.0 wt% Na2SO4, about 7.5 wt% K2SO4About 2.5 wt% MgSO4。
It should be noted that the term of similar " preferably ", " usual " and " typically " is not intended to limit claimed invention herein Scope, or be not used to represent that some features are crucial, necessary for the structure or function of claimed invention Or it is even important.On the contrary, these terms are intended merely to prominent can be used in the particular embodiment of the present invention or can not The feature alternatively or additionally used.
In order to describe and define the purpose of the present invention, it should be noted that term " about " is used for representing intrinsic uncertainty herein, It may be attributed to any quantitative comparison, value, measurement, or other expressions.Within a context, term " about " is also used for representing herein On the premise of the basic function for not causing in question theme changes, quantificational expression may exist with specified reference substance The degree of difference.In this connection, it is used for representing to be attributed to any quantitative comparison, value, measurement, or other expressions is intrinsic Uncertainty, be related in practice can the slightly element of inaccurate summary something or the distribution of feature, but in theory will be expected The accurate correspondence of display or performance.
In detail and the present invention has been described with reference to its particular embodiment, it is clear that will not departing from appended right On the premise of seeking the scope of the invention defined, various modifications and variations are possible.More specifically, although some of the invention Aspect is considered as preferred or particularly advantageous herein, it is contemplated that the present invention is not necessarily limited in these preferred inventions Hold.

Claims (15)

1. reducing the method for the aluminum oxide carried secretly in aluminium casting, this method is included：
Preheat furnace charge；
Furnace charge Free Surface is coated with one layer of solder flux；With
The furnace charge in stove is set to melt to form the melt bath with bath surface；
Wherein described solder flux includes the NaCl and KCl of equimolar ratio；With
Wherein described solder flux includes 29.8-31.8 wt% NaCl, 38.2-40.2 wt% KCl, 4.0-6.0 wt%'s CaCl2, 4.0-6.0 wt% LiCl, 4.0-6.0 wt% MgCl2, 4.0-6.0 wt% Na2SO4, 6.5-8.5 wt%'s K2SO4With 2.0-3.0 wt% MgSO4。
2. the method for claim 1 wherein realized by the way that furnace charge is immersed in melt flux bath with one layer of solder flux coating furnace charge certainly By surface.
3. the method for claim 1 wherein the flux covering is at least 1 mm thick.
4. the method for claim 1 wherein the flux covering is 1 mm to 2 mm thick.
5. the method for claim 1 wherein by charge preheating at least 150 DEG C.
6. the method for claim 5, wherein preheating the furnace charge using the hot flue gases of melting furnace.
7. the method for claim 5, wherein preheating the furnace charge in rotary kiln.
8. the method for claim 7, wherein rotary kiln are control climates, combustion of the oxygen content less than any organic pollution on aluminium Burn the limit.
9. the method for claim 8, wherein the oxygen content keeps below 6 volume % oxygen.
10. the method for claim 1 wherein stove is side well stove.
11. the method for claim 1 wherein this method further comprises making solder float to bath surface and forms covering weldering Agent.
12. the method for claim 1 wherein this method does not include injecting solder flux in melt bath.
13. the method for claim 1 wherein the solder flux includes 30.8 wt% NaCl.
14. reducing the method for the aluminum oxide carried secretly in aluminium casting, this method includes preheating furnace charge, and furnace charge is coated with one layer of solder flux Free Surface, and make the furnace charge in stove melt to form the melt bath with bath surface, wherein
By charge preheating at least 150 DEG C；
Flux covering is at least 1 mm thick；
The solder flux includes the NaCl and KCl of equimolar ratio, and wherein described solder flux includes 29.8-31.8 wt% NaCl, 38.2-40.2 wt% KCl, 4.0-6.0 wt% CaCl2, 4.0-6.0 wt% LiCl, 4.0-6.0 wt% MgCl2, 4.0-6.0 wt% Na2SO4, 6.5-8.5 wt% K2SO4With 2.0-3.0 wt% MgSO4；With
This method does not include injecting solder flux in melt bath.
15. reducing the method for the aluminum oxide carried secretly in aluminium casting, this method includes preheating furnace charge, and furnace charge is coated with one layer of solder flux Free Surface, and make the furnace charge in stove melt to form the melt bath with bath surface, wherein
By charge preheating to 150 DEG C to 500 DEG C in the rotary kiln that oxygen content is maintained at 1 volume % to 2 volume % oxygen；
Flux covering is 1 mm to 2 mm thick；
The solder flux includes 30.8 wt% NaCl, 39.2 wt% KCl, 5.0 wt% CaCl2, 5.0 wt% LiCl, 5.0 Wt% MgCl2, 5.0 wt% Na2SO4, 7.5 wt% K2SO4With 2.5 wt% MgSO4；With
This method does not include injecting solder flux in melt bath.
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US201361789016P 2013-03-15 2013-03-15
US61/789016 2013-03-15
US14/174,240 US9574252B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2014-02-06 Methods of reducing old oxides in aluminum castings
US14/174240 2014-02-06

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