CN104034625B - One-dimensional heat and moisture transmission characteristic parameter measurement testing stand - Google Patents
One-dimensional heat and moisture transmission characteristic parameter measurement testing stand Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of one-dimensional moisture transmission characteristic parameter measurement testing stand。Over dry chamber gas handling system in the present invention includes blower fan, drainage screen, semiconductor chilling plate and water-collecting tray。Nitrogen feed system includes nitrogen cylinder, nitrogen inlet valve, nitrogen inlet duct road, deionization water tank, nitrogen inlet pipeline, nitrogen outlet pipeline。Ultrasonic humidifying system includes deionized water inlet channel, water tank, ultrasonator, deionized water outlet conduit and blow-off line；Sample fixing device, between constant temperature and humidity chamber, over dry chamber, including sample location-plate, has elastic waterproof insulation material, tested porous media, open and close type injection port, the fixing plate of humidity sensor, porous media sample longitudinal direction Telescopic sliding can compress voussoir。The present invention individually effectively can control the ambient temperature of both sides, sample one-dimensional direction respectively, and ensures that hygroscopic water upwards can be transmitted at nearly one-dimensional square。
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the wet physical property measurement apparatus field of porous media heat, relate to a kind of one-dimensional heat-moisture transfer testing stand, particularly a kind of guarantee that in building porous material, hygroscopic water carries out the testing stand of one-dimensional heat-moisture transfer。
Background technology
At present when architectural exterior-protecting construction being carried out type selecting and design, except consider its can provide one safely, keep out the primary condition of unfavorable external environment except, be more need to consider the relation (such as Indoor Thermal Environment) between building enclosure internal medium and human body comfort。Therefore under the premise considering building enclosure Thermal-Wet Properties, appropriate design architectural exterior-protecting construction is just particularly important。The imperfection theoretical yet with wet environment and the complexity of porous media itself, about the measurement of the heat and moisture transmission characteristic parameter of porous construction material, not yet have standardization at present and parameter have the measurement device that accuracy controls。Scarcity based on current basic architecture material property parameter, and along with more and more New Building Materials continue to bring out, design convenient and swift, energy-conserving and environment-protective, can the testing stand of the accurate one-dimensional heat-moisture transfer physical measurement of porous construction material of temperature and humidity control just be particularly important。
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of testing stand measuring the one-dimensional heat and moisture transmission characteristic of porous media, to make up in the technical deficiency measuring the one-dimensional heat-moisture transfer physical property of porous media, meets test and the needs produced。
The present invention includes constant temperature and humidity chamber, over dry chamber, sample fixing device, over dry cavity gas handling system, ultrasonic humidifying system and nitrogen feed system。
Described over dry chamber gas handling system includes blower fan, drainage screen, semiconductor chilling plate and water-collecting tray。Blower fan is positioned at the porch of gas handling system, and fan outlet has one layer of drainage screen, and the outlet section of drainage screen is connected with one end of condensate dryer, and wherein condensate dryer is made up of four chip semiconductor cooling pieces, and the arrangement in staggered arrangement between semiconductor chilling plate；It is provided with a water-collecting tray bottom condensate dryer, water-collecting tray is furnished with hygroscopic material。The other end of condensate dryer is connected with dry gas return path air inlet, and dry gas return path is provided with heating and cooling heat exchanger, and the gas outlet of dry gas return path is connected with over dry chamber。It is furnished with a fan, fan just reflux section to the dry gas return path of the type that extends out in wall center, over dry intracavity portion。
Described nitrogen feed system includes nitrogen cylinder, nitrogen inlet valve, nitrogen inlet duct road, deionization water tank, nitrogen inlet pipeline, nitrogen outlet pipeline。Being provided with a nitrogen inlet valve between nitrogen cylinder and nitrogen inlet duct road, nitrogen flow passes through nitrogen inlet valve by being performed manually by control。Nitrogen inlet duct road afterbody is connected to an outer enlarging, need to ensure that in water tank, the water surface did not have the outer enlarging in nitrogen inlet duct road during plant running；Nitrogen inlet pipeline one end is again provided with an outer enlarging, need to ensure during plant running that in water tank, the water surface did not have the outer enlarging of nitrogen inlet pipeline, the other end of nitrogen inlet pipeline is connected with constant temperature and humidity cavity, and nitrogen inlet pipeline porch is provided with a Unidirectional air inlet valve；The other side in constant temperature and humidity chamber is provided with nitrogen outlet pipeline。
Described ultrasonic humidifying system includes deionized water inlet channel, water tank, ultrasonator, deionized water outlet conduit and blow-off line。Ultrasonic humidifying system is provided with two ultrasonators, and both of which is positioned under the waterline of water tank, and water tank is positioned at constant temperature and humidity cavity, and the deionized water inlet channel of water tank is connected with external deionizing water machine, it is provided that water source。The ground, side of water tank is provided with blow-off pipe, and the top of blow-off pipe homonymy is provided with deionized water outlet conduit。
Described sample fixing device, between constant temperature and humidity chamber, over dry chamber, including sample location-plate, has elastic waterproof insulation material, tested porous media, open and close type injection port, the fixing plate of humidity sensor, porous media sample longitudinal direction Telescopic sliding can compress voussoir。Can open by horizontal axis by open and close type injection port, it is simple to the placement of tested porous media and the fixing plate of sample and replacing。Sample location-plate is then placed in bottom tested porous media, and with tested porous media both sides have elastic waterproof insulation material close contact。Tested porous media top and bottom are provided with the fixing plate of humidity sensor, and wherein the fixing plate of the humidity sensor at top is fixed by porous media sample longitudinal direction Telescopic sliding compression voussoir, and the fixing plate of the humidity sensor of bottom is fixed by sample location-plate；Humidity sensor is separately fixed on the fixing plate of humidity sensor。
Being equipped with thermocouple temperature measurement point at wall center, cavity top, over dry chamber and four peripheral wall surfaces centers, arrange semiconductor refrigerating plate in the close center of constant temperature and humidity chamber four peripheral wall surfaces and have thermocouple temperature measurement point, in constant temperature and humidity chamber, central authorities are provided with hot plate；The signal of described thermocouple temperature measurement point exports, the output of the signal of humidity sensor is all connected with PID temperature and humidity controller input, and PID temperature and humidity controller outfan is connected with hot plate, semiconductor chilling plate and ultrasonator signal。
The present invention can provide a kind of new equipment for the measurement of porous construction material heat and moisture coupling transfer characterisitic parameter, it is self adaptive good to the size of sample, and individually effectively can control the ambient temperature of both sides, sample one-dimensional direction respectively, and ensure that hygroscopic water upwards can be transmitted at nearly one-dimensional square, for analyzing humidity, temperature the research of porous construction material heat and moisture coupling transfer influence of characteristic parameter degree provided the technical support of science, and can be that the research of porous media material provides the foundation physical measurement data。This test platform structure is simple, convenient operation, the feature that safety is high, it is simple to promote the use of。
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is present configuration schematic diagram。
Wherein, being designated in figure: blower fan 1, drainage screen 2, air inlet pipeline 3, water-collecting tray 4, semiconductor chilling plate 5, one-way cock 6, hot plate 7, semiconductor chilling plate 8, return 9, fan 10, over dry cavity 11, over dry chamber thermocouple 12, PID temperature and humidity controller and data collecting system 13, wet transmission terminates measuring moisture sensor 14, plate 15 fixed by humidity sensor, can open and close type injection port 16, there is certain elastic waterproof insulation material 17, wet transmission origination side humidity sensor 18, sample location-plate 19, semiconductor refrigerating plate 20, constant temperature and humidity cavity 21, nitrogen outlet pipeline 22, ultrasonator 23, deionized water outlet conduit 24, blow-off pipe valve 25, blow-off line 26, deionized water inlet channel 27, water tank 28, constant temperature and humidity chamber thermocouple 29, hot plate 30, tested porous media 31, longitudinal Telescopic sliding compresses voussoir 32, nitrogen inlet pipeline 33, deionization water tank 34, nitrogen inlet duct road 35, nitrogen inlet valve 36, nitrogen cylinder 37。
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention designs for carrying out porous construction material heat-moisture transfer physical parameter testing research, mainly provide a kind of convenient energy-conservation and safe testing stand, for the water vapour penetration amount of accurate survey calculation porous material, equivalent water vapor diffusion coefficient and water vapor diffusion resistance coefficient。
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail。
The present invention provides a kind of testing stand measuring the one-dimensional heat and moisture transmission characteristic of porous media, to make up in the technical deficiency measuring the one-dimensional heat-moisture transfer physical property of porous media, meets test and the needs produced。
The modular construction feature of the hot testing stand of the one-dimensional heat-moisture transfer of the present invention includes over dry chamber gas handling system, nitrogen feed system, ultrasonic humidifying system, temperature and humidity control system, sample fixing device。
Over dry chamber gas handling system includes blower fan 1, drainage screen 2, semiconductor chilling plate 5, water-collecting tray 4, pipeline 3。Blower fan is positioned at the porch of gas handling system, fan outlet will with one layer of drainage screen, and the outlet section of drainage screen is connected with condensate dryer, and wherein condensate dryer is made up of 4 chip semiconductor cooling pieces, and the arrangement in staggered arrangement between semiconductor chilling plate, strengthen the condensation dry run of hygroscopic water in inlet gas；In addition, a water-collecting tray it is provided with bottom condensate dryer, when the semiconductor chilling plate that the gas with certain humidity is arranged by insert row, steam will be met and cold be condensed thereon, and fall to water-collecting tray under gravity, being furnished with highly hygroscopic material in water-collecting tray, to prevent whereabouts moisture from turning again in dry gas, and water-collecting tray can take out as required voluntarily。The other end of condensate dryer is connected with dry gas return path, and dry gas return path is provided with heating and cooling heat exchanger, and the opposite side of return 9 is then connected with over dry chamber。In over dry chamber 11, internal wall center is furnished with a fan 10, and fan is just to the reflux section extending out type return, and the dry gas inlet section of return and gas backheat section are equipped with one-way cock 6
Described nitrogen feed system includes nitrogen cylinder 37, nitrogen inlet valve 36, nitrogen inlet duct road 35, deionization water tank 34, nitrogen inlet pipeline 33, nitrogen outlet pipeline。After nitrogen is passed into by admission line, enter deionization water tank, and carry a small amount of hygroscopic water by nitrogen inlet pipeline entrance constant temperature and humidity chamber。Nitrogen flow passes through nitrogen inlet valve by being performed manually by control。
Described ultrasonic humidifying system includes deionized water inlet channel 27, water tank 28, ultrasonator 23, deionized water outlet conduit 24, blow-off line 26, ultrasonator makes water spatter a certain amount of steam of generation of primering by the higher-order of oscillation, makes the relative humidity that the maintenance of liquid level space above is certain。Inlet channel is connected with external deionizing water machine, provides water source for humidification system。
Described temperature and humidity control system includes over dry chamber gas temperature control module and constant temperature and humidity chamber temperature and humidity control module。Over dry chamber gas temperature control module includes fan 10, hot plate 7, one-way cock 6, over dry chamber thermocouple 12, wet transmission end measuring moisture sensor 14。Described constant temperature and humidity chamber temperature and humidity control module includes fan, hot plate 30, constant temperature and humidity chamber thermocouple 29, wet transmission origination side humidity sensor 18。Transmission starting side humiture measuring point 18 and transmission terminate side humiture measuring point 14 and are evenly arranged 4 humidity sensors respectively along tested porous media sample horizontal direction, and humidity sensor is fixed by the fixing plate on tested sample surface。There are the five Ge Mian centers in over dry chamber to be respectively distributed a thermocouple and carry out thermometric, each face of climatic chamber surrounding is respectively distributed two thermocouples and carries out thermometric。Thermocouple in two modules is all connected with PID temperature and humidity controller with humidity sensor, and the output signal of Temperature Humidity Sensor is received and return the control signal to hot plate, semiconductor chilling plate and ultrasonator by PID temperature and humidity controller。When over dry cavity temperature exceedes design temperature, PID controller return signal, hot plate 7 stops heating, cold of quasiconductor system 8 is started working and is produced cold, make gas in pipelines temperature reduce by heat convection, and brought into cavity by intracavity fan, simultaneously, a part of intracavity gas is again back to heat exchanger from one-way flow pipeline under the effect of fan, forms the heat-exchanging loop of an one-way flow。
Described sample fixing device includes sample location-plate 19, has certain elastic waterproof insulation material 17, tested porous media 31, open and close type injection port 16, the fixing plate 15 of humidity sensor, porous media sample longitudinal direction Telescopic sliding can compress voussoir 32。Can open by horizontal axis by open and close type injection port, it is simple to the placement of tested sample and the fixing plate of sample and replacing。Tested porous media sample and sample location-plate are overlap joint, the fixing plate of sample can carry out selection of dimension according to the size of tested sample, and the cavity surrounding fixing tested porous media sample exists one layer and has certain elastic waterproof insulation material, in close contact state between waterproof insulation material and tested sample；For better tested sample longitudinally effectively being fixed, there is longitudinal Telescopic sliding and compress voussoir in device。The setting that waterproof insulation material compresses voussoir with longitudinal Telescopic sliding can effectively prevent the gas of constant temperature and humidity intracavity from leaking into over dry chamber, to ensure that hygroscopic water carries out one-dimensional biography in sample and wets。For accurately measuring the relative humidity on tested porous media surface, it is in close contact between humidity sensor and sample。Humidity sensor is separately fixed on the fixing plate of humidity sensor, when carrying out sample and changing, can be taken out by related for fixing for the humidity sensor plate humidity sensor being fixed on above。Additionally, the fixing plate of humidity sensor is except playing fixing humidity sensor, also act as the effect in isolation over dry chamber and constant temperature and humidity chamber。
This testing stand operation principle and process:
Slowly deionized water is injected evenly by deionized water pipeline 27 to water tank 28 before carrying out test, ready for testing, when injecting deionized water water level and being too high, can be discharged by deionized water outlet conduit 24。For getting rid of other gases interference to result of the test in test box body, before testing, by arranging PID temperature and humidity controller 13, semiconductor chilling plate 5 and hot plate 7 is made to be in opening, and stablize 10 minutes, then opening blower fan 1, gas entered drainage screen 2 and is entered condensation drying device by admission line 3 and make the hygroscopic water in gas condense on semiconductor chilling plate, and coagulating liq will be fallen to water-collecting tray 4 by semiconductor chilling plate 5 under gravity。Gas after dried, in succession by hot plate 7, enters over dry chamber 11 after heated, and is blown into the unidirectional circuit pipeline 9 with one-way cock 6 backheat again by intracavity fan 10, and this process continues to keep 20 minutes, to reduce the humidity in over dry chamber 11。
Before testing, nitrogen is made to be introduced deionization water tank 34 by nitrogen inlet duct road 35 by opening the nitrogen inlet valve 36 on nitrogen cylinder 37, now deionized water upper box part cavity is the nitrogen with certain humidity, have again nitrogen inlet pipeline 33 all with introduce constant temperature and humidity chamber 21, and discharged by the nitrogen outlet pipeline 22 with one-way cock, and keep this process to continue 10 minutes, to ensure that constant temperature and humidity chamber 21 exists without other gases。Then control to open constant temperature and humidity cavity internal fan by PID temperature and humidity controller, and set temperature and the temperature in constant temperature and humidity chamber, the humidity in required over dry chamber when testing, wherein, the humiture of two cavitys by being monitored thermocouple 12,29 and the humidity sensor 14,18 of two cavitys respectively by PID temperature and humidity controller。When the temperature in over dry chamber is higher than design temperature, control semiconductor chilling plate 8 by PID temperature and humidity controller and open thus intracavity gas temperature is lowered the temperature, when the temperature in over dry chamber is lower than design temperature, control semiconductor chilling plate by PID temperature and humidity controller to close, and control to open hot plate 7, make gas temperature increase and reach design temperature。In like manner, for constant temperature and humidity cavity, when constant temperature and humidity cavity humidity is too low, PID temperature and humidity controller controls ultrasonator 23 and opens, starting humidification, when humidity exceedes default humidity, controller controls ultrasonator and cuts out, the semiconductor chilling plate 20 simultaneously controlling to be in vertically layout is opened, and makes steam condense thereon and fall to water tank；When constant temperature and humidity cavity temperature is lower than design temperature, controller then can control hot plate 30 and open, and coordinates unlatching ultrasonator suitably to increase intracavity humidity simultaneously, and PID temperature and humidity controller Display panel temperature fluctuation is less than 3 DEG C, when moisture fluctuation is less than 5%RH, represent that internal medium is basicly stable。
Opening can open and close type injection port 16, put into suitable sample location-plate 19, place into the porous media sample 31 having customized size in advance, and adjust longitudinal Telescopic sliding compression voussoir 32, the fixing plate 15 of upper and lower two pieces of humidity sensors is made well to contact sample and make telescopic waterproof insulation material 17 compress sample, shutting injection port, data collecting system 13 starts to gather the temperature and humidity data of sample top and bottom and record is stored in external computer simultaneously。
Every 12 hours, take out tested sample, put into the sealing bag of known quality, and weigh its quality, the meansigma methods that the mass change value of continuous five times change less than this five inferior quality before and after sample 5% time, it is believed that now sample steam spread reached steady statue。The quality of sample when sample mass and steam diffusion reach to balance before now can obtaining humidification。
Vapor permeation amount for tested sample, formula (1) can be calculated, its unit is。
(1)
WhereinFor the mass change of adjacent twice tested sample, unit is；For the interval time of adjacent twice measurement, unit is s；For sample and the effective contact area in constant temperature and humidity chamber, unit is cm2。
For the water vapor diffusion coefficient of tested sample, formula (2) can be calculated, its unit is。
(2)
WhereinFor the thickness of tested sample, unit is mm；P is steam side pressure, and unit is Pa, its acquisition of can passing through to table look-up。
After test has carried out a period of time, the incrustation scale that produces due to longtime running and change sample etc. and introduce the impurity in water tank and can pass through to open blow-off pipe valve 25 and discharged by blow-off line 26。
Claims (1)
1. one-dimensional heat and moisture transmission characteristic parameter measurement testing stand, including constant temperature and humidity chamber, over dry chamber, sample fixing device, over dry cavity gas handling system, ultrasonic humidifying system and nitrogen feed system, it is characterised in that:
Described over dry chamber gas handling system includes blower fan, drainage screen, semiconductor chilling plate and water-collecting tray；Blower fan is positioned at the porch of gas handling system, and fan outlet has one layer of drainage screen, and the port of export of drainage screen is connected with one end of condensate dryer, and wherein condensate dryer is made up of four chip semiconductor cooling pieces, and the arrangement in staggered arrangement between semiconductor chilling plate；It is provided with a water-collecting tray bottom condensate dryer, water-collecting tray is furnished with hygroscopic material；The other end of condensate dryer is connected with dry gas return path air inlet, and dry gas return path is provided with heating and cooling heat exchanger, and the gas outlet of dry gas return path is connected with over dry chamber；It is furnished with a fan, fan just backflow end to the dry gas return path of the type that extends out in wall center, over dry intracavity portion；
Described nitrogen feed system includes nitrogen cylinder, nitrogen inlet valve, nitrogen inlet duct road, deionization water tank, nitrogen inlet pipeline, nitrogen outlet pipeline；Being provided with a nitrogen inlet valve between nitrogen cylinder and nitrogen inlet duct road, nitrogen flow passes through nitrogen inlet valve by being performed manually by control；Nitrogen inlet duct road afterbody is connected to an outer enlarging, need to ensure that in water tank, the water surface did not have the outer enlarging in nitrogen inlet duct road during plant running；Nitrogen inlet pipeline one end is again provided with an outer enlarging, need to ensure during plant running that in water tank, the water surface did not have the outer enlarging of nitrogen inlet pipeline, the other end of nitrogen inlet pipeline is connected with constant temperature and humidity cavity, and nitrogen inlet pipeline porch is provided with a Unidirectional air inlet valve；The other side in constant temperature and humidity chamber is provided with nitrogen outlet pipeline；
Described ultrasonic humidifying system includes deionized water inlet channel, water tank, ultrasonator, deionized water outlet conduit and blow-off line；Ultrasonic humidifying system is provided with two ultrasonators, and both of which is positioned under the waterline of water tank, and water tank is positioned at constant temperature and humidity cavity, and the deionized water inlet channel of water tank is connected with external deionizing water machine, it is provided that water source；The bottom surface, side of water tank is provided with blow-off pipe, and the top of blow-off pipe homonymy is provided with deionized water outlet conduit；
Described sample fixing device, between constant temperature and humidity chamber, over dry chamber, including sample location-plate, has elastic waterproof insulation material, tested porous media, open and close type injection port, the fixing plate of humidity sensor, porous media sample longitudinal direction Telescopic sliding can compress voussoir；Can open by horizontal axis by open and close type injection port, it is simple to the placement of tested porous media and the fixing plate of sample and replacing；Sample location-plate is then placed in bottom tested porous media, and with tested porous media both sides have elastic waterproof insulation material close contact；Tested porous media top and bottom are provided with the fixing plate of humidity sensor, and wherein the fixing plate of the humidity sensor at top is fixed by porous media sample longitudinal direction Telescopic sliding compression voussoir, and the fixing plate of the humidity sensor of bottom is fixed by sample location-plate；Humidity sensor is separately fixed on the fixing plate of humidity sensor；
Being equipped with thermocouple temperature measurement point at wall center, cavity top, over dry chamber and four peripheral wall surfaces centers, arrange semiconductor chilling plate and thermocouple temperature measurement point in the close center of constant temperature and humidity chamber four peripheral wall surfaces, in constant temperature and humidity chamber, central authorities are provided with hot plate；The signal of described thermocouple temperature measurement point exports, the output of the signal of humidity sensor is all connected with PID temperature and humidity controller input, and PID temperature and humidity controller outfan is connected with hot plate, semiconductor chilling plate and ultrasonator signal。
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