CN104034287A - Elastic anisotropic metal matrix thermal barrier coating thickness ultrasonic measurement method - Google Patents
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Abstract
An elastic anisotropic metal matrix thermal barrier coating thickness ultrasonic measurement method belongs to the technical field of ultrasonic nondestructive testing. The elastic anisotropic metal matrix thermal barrier coating thickness ultrasonic measurement method achieves measurement of samples to be tested and reference samples through an ultrasonic pulse echo method C-scan thickness measuring system composed of an ultrasonic C-scan device, a water penetration focusing probe, a digital oscilloscope and a computer and comprises, for elastic anisotropic metal matrix thermal barrier coating sample ultrasonic echo signals, extracting all the delta gamma & gt: 0 in the elastic anisotropic metal matrix thermal barrier coating sample ultrasonic echo signals through a defined correction factor delta gamma, computing the normalization power spectrum Gm (f) of the elastic anisotropic metal matrix thermal barrier coating sample ultrasonic echo signals, reading the resonant frequency fn in the effective frequency band of the Gm (f), and substituting a known thermal barrier coating longitudinal wave velocity c into a sound pressure reflection factor power spectrum resonant frequency expression to achieve elastic anisotropic metal matrix thermal barrier coating thickness measurement. The elastic anisotropic metal matrix thermal barrier coating thickness ultrasonic measurement method effectively overcomes the problem that ultrasonic waveform distortion and dominant frequency migration due to elastic anisotropy of a matrix results in large errors of thermal barrier coating thickness measurement results.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of elastic anisotropy metallic matrix thermal barrier coating thickness ultrasonic measurement method, it belongs to the technical field of Ultrasonic NDT.
Background technology
The working temperature that adopts thermal barrier coating to improve the hot-end components such as engine blade is a kind of very cost-effective technological approaches, and thermal barrier coating thickness and homogeneity thereof directly have influence on final effect of heat insulation.In coating decoration and quality inspection process, require the thermal barrier coating thickness of spraying to reach criterion of acceptability at the scene.Thermal barrier coating thickness non-destructive testing method is the urgent engineering demand in this field accurately and reliably.
Existing multiple lossless detection method can be used for the measurement of thermal barrier coating thickness, mainly contains the methods such as eddy-current method, infrared method, microwave method and supercritical ultrasonics technology.Wherein eddy-current method is to carry out thickness measuring based on changing by coating thickness the Lift-off effect causing between probe and matrix, and thickness measuring result is subject to the impact of tack coat larger.Infrared method is under ultrared irradiation, to absorb the infrared ray of corresponding wavelength according to detected coating, and the absorbed intensity of analyzing and processing just can be carried out thickness measurement to coating, and the factor impacts such as thickness measuring precision exposure time, coating composition homogeneity are larger.Microwave method is before detection, to be preferably suitable for the sensitiveest wave band that coating detects, and by measuring the information of reflection wave reflection coefficient phase and then calculating coating thickness value, the method is still in the laboratory study stage.Ultrasonic method is measured thermal barrier coating thickness and is mainly comprised ultrasonic microscope, ultrasonic surface wave, three kinds of technology of ultrasonic pulse-echo.Ultrasonic microscope technology is to utilize high-frequency ultrasonic specimen material top layer and inner structure to be can't harm to the technology of micro-imaging, and its testing cost is high, detection system is complicated, while the method having relatively high expectations to coating surface flatness.The dispersion equation of ultrasonic surface wave technical basis sound wave in coating, by measuring coating phase velocities dispersion curve, then in conjunction with inversion technique, calculate coating thickness, due to thermal barrier coating thickness many at tens of microns to hundred micron dimensions, therefore the required surface wave frequency exciting is many in 40MHz-200MHz scope, at present over-borrowing helps laser to excite, however because optoacoustic conversion efficiency is low, a little less than echoed signal and the effects limit such as detection sensitivity is low its application.Traditional ultrasonic pulse-echo technology is utilized the path difference of coating front and back boundary reflection compressional wave or two adjacent resonance frequencies of corresponding frequency spectrum, realizes the measurement of coating thickness in conjunction with the longitudinal wave velocity of coating.Because longitudinal wave velocity is large, extremely short during the interior propagation sound of coating, the method detect thickness need to be greater than 40MHz bandwidth conventionally at the thermal barrier coating below hundred microns, causes thus ultrasonic radio-frequency component overdamp, wave form distortion etc., is difficult to carry out measurement.Lin Li etc. have proposed a kind of technology of ultrasonic longitudinal wave low-angle incident wave mode converted measurement thermal barrier coating thickness, in experiment, adopt the water logging point focusing probe of conventional dominant frequency 20MHz, the yttria PSZ (Y to thickness range 66～100 μ m that prepare on stainless steel base
2o
3partially stabilized zirconia, YSZ) coating carried out ultrasonic thickness measurement, and result is accurately and reliably.Yet, for take the metallic matrix thermal barrier coating sample that nickel base superalloy is representative, because matrix, in preparation process, dendritic segregation and recrystallization can occur, cause it to have elastic anisotropy, ultrasound wave can cause the phenomenons such as wave form distortion and frequency shift in communication process therein, and then causes that thermal barrier coating thickness measure is inaccurate.Above method all can not effectively solve the problem of this type of elastic anisotropy metallic matrix thermal barrier coating thickness nondestructive measurement.
Summary of the invention
By ultrasonic pulse-echo method C scanning thickness measuring system, the anisotropy of elastic anisotropy metallic matrix is characterized, and define the correction factor Δ γ of an elastic anisotropy metallic matrix thermal barrier coating thickness measuring, Δ γ=γ
ani-c-γ
iso-c.When Δ γ≤0, the elastic anisotropy of metallic matrix is larger on the impact of coating thickness measuring, is difficult to Measurement accuracy coating thickness; When Δ γ >0, metallic matrix elastic anisotropy is little on the impact of coating thickness measuring, extracts the Ultrasonic data of all Δ γ >0, and calculates its normalized power spectrum Gm (f); Read the resonance frequency f in Gm (f) effective band
n, in conjunction with known thermal barrier coating longitudinal wave velocity c, bring sound pressure reflection coefficient power spectrum resonance frequency expression formula into and can realize thermal barrier coating thickness measure; The method has overcome the larger problem of thermal barrier coating ultrasonic thickness measurement result error that metallic matrix elastic anisotropy causes.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: a kind of elastic anisotropy metallic matrix thermal barrier coating thickness ultrasonic measurement method, it is characterized in that: it adopts the common ultrasonic pulse-echo method C scanning thickness measuring system forming of ultrasonic C-scanning device, water logging point focusing probe, digital oscilloscope and a computing machine, respectively elastic anisotropy metallic matrix thermal barrier coating sample, elastically isotropic metallic matrix thermal barrier coating sample, elastic anisotropy metallic matrix sample are carried out to Ultrasonic Detection, concrete detecting step is as follows:
(1) first defined the correction factor Δ γ of an elastic anisotropy metallic matrix thermal barrier coating thickness measuring, expression formula is:
Δγ＝γ
ani-c-γ
iso-c (1)
γ wherein
ani-cultrasound echo signal power spectrum (hereinafter to be referred as " power spectrum ") the frequency shift coefficient that represents elastic anisotropy metallic matrix thermal barrier coating sample, γ
iso-cbefore and after representing coating, interface echo is interfered the power spectrum frequency shift coefficient causing; Use γ
anirepresent the power spectrum frequency shift coefficient that elastic anisotropy metallic matrix causes, the expression formula of γ is:
F wherein
ifor tested sample power spectrum dominant frequency, f
0initial spike power spectrum dominant frequency for water logging point focusing probe;
(2) calibrated ultrasonic pulse-echo method C scanning thickness measuring system, water logging point focusing probe is placed in to elastic anisotropy metallic matrix sample top, adjusting water immersion focusing probe makes Main beam axis vertical with specimen surface, acoustic beam focus is focused on to matrix surface, gather an initial spike as reference signal J, signal J is carried out to Fourier transform and obtain its power spectrum and read corresponding dominant frequency f
0and-effective band that 6dB is corresponding; Then acoustic beam focus is focused on to matrix bottom surface, the output gate locating of C scanning, in matrix Bottom echo position, is carried out to C scanning to whole matrix sample and detects; Gather echoed signal corresponding to the different grayscale position of C scanning result, and the matrix Bottom echo in intercept signal carries out Fourier transform, obtain its corresponding power spectrum M, statistics dominant frequency f
ani, according to formula (2), calculate the frequency shift coefficient gamma that each sampling point position is corresponding
ani;
(3) water logging point focusing probe is placed in to elastically isotropic metallic matrix thermal barrier coating reference coupon top, adjusts water logging point focusing probe and make Main beam axis vertical with specimen surface, acoustic beam focus is focused on to matrix bottom surface; The output gate locating of C scanning, in matrix Bottom echo position, is carried out to C scanning to whole sample and detects; Then in the different grayscale position of C scanning result, gather corresponding echoed signal, the matrix Bottom echo intercepting in all signals carries out Fourier transform, obtains its corresponding power spectrum M and adds up its corresponding dominant frequency f
iso-c, according to formula (2), calculate the frequency shift coefficient gamma that each sampling point position is corresponding
iso-c;
(4) water logging point focusing probe is placed in to elastic anisotropy metallic matrix thermal barrier coating sample top, the output gate locating equally C being scanned, in matrix Bottom echo position, carries out C scanning to whole sample and detects; Gather echoed signal corresponding to the different grayscale position of C scanning result, and intercept matrix Bottom echo and carry out Fourier transform, obtain its corresponding power spectrum M and add up its corresponding dominant frequency f
ani-c, according to formula (2), calculate the frequency shift coefficient gamma that each sampling point position is corresponding
ani-c; More resilient anisotropy metallic matrix thermal barrier coating sample diverse location γ
ani-cγ with corresponding thickness elastically isotropic metallic matrix thermal barrier coating sample
iso-cvalue; When Δ γ≤0, γ
ani-cbefore and after not only comprising coating, interface echo is interfered the frequency shift causing, also comprises the frequency shift γ that matrix elastic anisotropy causes
ani, now utilize normalization amplitude spectrum resonance frequency to carry out coating thickness measuring, resultant error is larger, and thickness measuring result is unreliable; When Δ γ >0, γ
ani-cbefore and after mainly comprising coating, interface echo is interfered the frequency shift causing, extracts the data of all Δ γ >0 and carries out coating thickness measuring;
(5) data of step (4) being extracted are carried out Fourier transform and be take signal J as benchmark is normalized, and obtain its normalized power spectrum Gm (f), read the resonant frequency value f in Gm (f) effective band
n, the longitudinal wave velocity c of known this thermal barrier coating, brings sound pressure reflection coefficient power spectrum resonance frequency expression formula (3) into:
By expression formula (3), can calculate corresponding coating thickness.
Effect of the present invention and benefit are: this invention is carried out respectively Ultrasonic Detection by ultrasonic pulse-echo method C scanning thickness measuring system to elastic anisotropy metallic matrix thermal barrier coating sample, elastically isotropic metallic matrix thermal barrier coating sample, elastic anisotropy metallic matrix sample.Correction factor Δ γ by definition, extract the ultrasonic echo data of all Δ γ of elastic anisotropy metallic matrix thermal barrier coating >0, and calculate its normalized power spectrum Gm (f), read the resonance frequency f in Gm (f) effective band
n, in conjunction with known thermal barrier coating longitudinal wave velocity c, bring sound pressure reflection coefficient power spectrum resonance frequency expression formula into and can realize thermal barrier coating thickness measure.The method has not only overcome the existing ultrasonic microscope for thermal barrier coating thickness measuring, ultrasonic surface wave, three kinds of technology of ultrasonic pulse-echo exist requires the deficiencies such as high detection frequency and hardware configuration, testing cost are high, system complex, and efficiently solves the larger problem of coating ultrasonic thickness measurement resultant error that metallic matrix elastic anisotropy causes.The method is low to detection system hardware requirement, easy to operate, and cost is low, applied widely, has larger economic benefit and social benefit.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, patent of the present invention is described further.
Fig. 1 is ultrasonic pulse-echo method C scanning thickness measuring system.
Fig. 2 is reference signal J time domain waveform and corresponding power spectrum.
Fig. 3 is the C scanning result of nickel base superalloy matrix sample.
Fig. 4 is power spectrum M and the dominant frequency coefficient of deviation γ of nickel base superalloy matrix sample
ani.
Fig. 5 is the C scanning result of the even stainless steel base YSZ coating sample of coating thickness 40～120 μ m.
Fig. 6 is the frequency shift coefficient gamma of the even stainless steel base YSZ coating sample of coating thickness 40～120 μ m
iso-c.
Fig. 7 is the C scanning result of nickel base superalloy matrix YSZ coating sample.
Fig. 8 is the dominant frequency coefficient of deviation γ of nickel base superalloy matrix YSZ coating sample
ani-c.
Fig. 9 is YSZ coating ultrasonic thickness measurement result and metallographic thickness measuring result.
Figure 10 is the electron scanning micrograph of YSZ coating sample cross
Figure 11 is YSZ coating ultrasonic thickness measurement error analysis.
In Fig. 1: 1, computing machine, 2, DPO4O32 digital oscilloscope sample, 3, ultrasonic C-scanning device, 4, water logging point focusing probe, 5, sample, 6, sample bench.
Embodiment
This elastic anisotropy metallic matrix thermal barrier coating thickness ultrasonic measurement method adopts the ultrasonic pulse-echo method C scanning thickness measuring system shown in Fig. 1, and it consists of jointly water logging point focusing probe, DPO4O32 digital oscilloscope and the computing machine of a SM-J38-300 ultrasonic C-scanning device, nominal 25MHz.Respectively the thick nickel base superalloy matrix YSZ coating sample of nominal 60 μ m, the even stainless steel base YSZ coating sample of coating thickness 40～120 μ m, nickel base superalloy matrix sample are measured, the measuring process that it adopts is as follows:
(1) calibrated ultrasonic pulse-echo method C scanning thickness measuring system, nominal 25MHz water logging point focusing probe is placed in to nickel base superalloy matrix sample top, adjusting water immersion focusing probe makes Main beam axis vertical with specimen surface, acoustic beam focus is focused on to matrix surface, gather an initial spike as reference signal J, see Fig. 2 (a).It is carried out to Fourier transform obtains its power spectrum and sees Fig. 2 (b), dominant frequency f
0=23.25MHz, the effective band that power spectrum-6dB is corresponding is 13.75MHz～33.0MHz.Then acoustic beam focus is focused on to matrix bottom surface, the output gate locating of C scanning, in matrix Bottom echo position, is carried out to C scanning to whole elastic anisotropy metallic matrix sample and detects, the results are shown in Figure 3; Gather echoed signal corresponding to the different grayscale position of C scanning result, and intercept matrix Bottom echo and carry out Fourier transform, obtain its corresponding power spectrum M, see Fig. 4 (a).The dominant frequency f of statistics power spectrum
ani, according to formula (2), calculate the frequency shift coefficient gamma that each sampling point position is corresponding
ani, as Fig. 4 (b).In figure, can find out the frequency shift coefficient gamma of nickel base superalloy matrix
animainly be distributed in-0.5～0 scope, matrix anisotropy causes that ultrasound wave dominant frequency is offset to low frequency.
(2) nominal 25MHz water logging point focusing probe is placed in to the even stainless steel base YSZ coating sample top of coating thickness 40～120 μ m, adjust water logging point focusing probe and make Main beam axis vertical with specimen surface, acoustic beam focus is focused on to even stainless steel base bottom surface; The output gate locating of C scanning, in matrix Bottom echo position, is carried out to C scanning to whole sample and detects, and result is as Fig. 5.Then gather echoed signal corresponding to the different grayscale position of C scanning result.Intercepting matrix Bottom echo carries out Fourier transform, obtains its corresponding power spectrum M and adds up its corresponding dominant frequency f
iso-c; According to formula (2), calculate the coating thickness fluctuation 10% frequency shift coefficient gamma causing
iso-cscope, is shown in Fig. 6.The thickness measuring scope that has provided 23.25MHz probe in figure is 40～90 μ m.The thickness measuring scope that adopting uses the same method has measured 15MHz probe is 60～120 μ m.Can find, the method adopts low-frequency probe can measure larger coating thickness, adopts high frequency probe can measure compared with shallow layer thickness, and the thickness measuring scope of other frequency probe need to be demarcated according to actual conditions.
(3) nominal 25MHz water logging point focusing probe is placed in to the nickel base superalloy matrix YSZ coating sample top that nominal 60 μ m are thick, the output gate locating equally C being scanned, in matrix Bottom echo position, carries out C scanning to whole sample and detects, and result is as Fig. 7.Gather echoed signal corresponding to arrow locations in Fig. 7, and intercept matrix Bottom echo and carry out Fourier transform, obtain its corresponding power spectrum M and add up its corresponding dominant frequency f
ani-c; According to formula (2), calculate its corresponding frequency shift coefficient gamma
ani-cscope, is shown in Fig. 8; Compare diverse location γ
ani-cwith the γ that in Fig. 6,60 μ m thickness are corresponding
iso-c(γ
iso-c=0) value.If Δ γ≤0, illustrates γ
ani-cbefore and after not only comprising YSZ coating, interface echo is interfered the frequency shift γ causing
iso-c, the γ that matrix anisotropy causes
anialso can not ignore, now utilize normalization amplitude spectrum resonance frequency to carry out coating thickness measuring, resultant error is larger; If Δ γ is >0, show γ
ani-cmainly from interface echo before and after YSZ coating, interfere the frequency shift γ causing
iso-c, the γ that matrix anisotropy causes
anican ignore, extract the data of all Δ γ >0 and carry out coating thickness measuring.
(4) data of step (3) being extracted are carried out Fourier transform and be take signal J as benchmark is normalized, and obtain its normalized power spectrum Gm (f), read Gm (f) resonant frequency value f
n, known this YSZ coating longitudinal wave velocity 4320m/s, brings sound pressure reflection coefficient power spectrum resonance frequency expression formula (3) into, can calculate corresponding YSZ coating thickness, sees Fig. 9.Then dissect sample, utilize metallographic method to determine YSZ coating thickness, the electron scanning micrograph of coating sample cross as shown in figure 10.Figure 11 has provided original ultrasonic method thickness measuring result and the rear ultrasonic method thickness measuring result absolute error corresponding with metallographic thickness measuring result of correction of the nickel base superalloy matrix YSZ coating sample of nominal thickness 60 μ m, the bounded absolute error of original ultrasonic method thickness measuring result is-10.89～98.5 μ m, statistical standard is poor is 29.3 μ m, and statistics relative error is 49.8%.After revising, the bounded absolute error of ultrasonic method thickness measuring result is-10.89～11.9 μ m, and statistical standard is poor is 5.07 μ m, and statistics relative error is 9.9%.
Claims (1)
1. an elastic anisotropy metallic matrix thermal barrier coating thickness ultrasonic measurement method, it is characterized in that: it adopts the common ultrasonic pulse-echo method C scanning thickness measuring system forming of ultrasonic C-scanning device, water logging point focusing probe, digital oscilloscope and a computing machine, respectively elastic anisotropy metallic matrix thermal barrier coating sample, elastically isotropic metallic matrix thermal barrier coating sample, elastic anisotropy metallic matrix sample are carried out to Ultrasonic Detection, concrete detecting step is as follows:
(1) first define the correction factor Δ γ of an elastic anisotropy metallic matrix thermal barrier coating thickness measuring, expression formula is:
Δγ＝γ
ani-c-γ
iso-c (1)
γ wherein
ani-cthe ultrasound echo signal power spectrum frequency shift coefficient that represents elastic anisotropy metallic matrix thermal barrier coating sample, hereinafter to be referred as " power spectrum frequency shift coefficient ", γ
iso-cbefore and after representing coating, interface echo is interfered the power spectrum frequency shift coefficient causing; Use γ
anirepresent the power spectrum frequency shift coefficient that elastic anisotropy metallic matrix causes, the expression formula of γ is:
F wherein
ifor tested sample power spectrum dominant frequency, f
0initial spike power spectrum dominant frequency for water logging point focusing probe;
(2) calibrated ultrasonic pulse-echo method C scanning thickness measuring system, water logging point focusing probe is placed in to elastic anisotropy metallic matrix sample top, adjusting water immersion focusing probe makes Main beam axis vertical with specimen surface, acoustic beam focus is focused on to matrix surface, gather an initial spike as reference signal J, signal J is carried out to Fourier transform and obtain its power spectrum and read corresponding dominant frequency f
0and-effective band that 6dB is corresponding; Then acoustic beam focus is focused on to matrix bottom surface, the output gate locating of C scanning, in matrix Bottom echo position, is carried out to C scanning to whole matrix sample and detects; Gather echoed signal corresponding to the different grayscale position of C scanning result, and the matrix Bottom echo in intercept signal carries out Fourier transform, obtain its corresponding power spectrum M, statistics dominant frequency f
ani, according to formula (2), calculate the frequency shift coefficient gamma that each sampling point position is corresponding
ani;
(3) water logging point focusing probe is placed in to elastically isotropic metallic matrix thermal barrier coating sample top, adjusts water logging point focusing probe and make Main beam axis vertical with specimen surface, acoustic beam focus is focused on to matrix bottom surface; The output gate locating of C scanning, in matrix Bottom echo position, is carried out to C scanning to whole sample and detects; Then in the different grayscale position of C scanning result, gather corresponding echoed signal, the matrix Bottom echo intercepting in all signals carries out Fourier transform, obtains its power spectrum M and adds up its corresponding dominant frequency f
iso-c, according to formula (2), calculate the frequency shift coefficient gamma that each sampling point position is corresponding
iso-c;
(4) water logging point focusing probe is placed in to elastic anisotropy metallic matrix thermal barrier coating sample top, the output gate locating equally C being scanned, in matrix Bottom echo position, carries out C scanning to whole sample and detects; Gather echoed signal corresponding to the different grayscale position of C scanning result, and intercept matrix Bottom echo and carry out Fourier transform, obtain its corresponding power spectrum M and add up its corresponding dominant frequency f
ani-c, according to formula (2), calculate the frequency shift coefficient gamma that each sampling point position is corresponding
ani-c; More resilient anisotropy metallic matrix thermal barrier coating sample diverse location γ
ani-cγ with corresponding thickness elastically isotropic metallic matrix thermal barrier coating sample
iso-cvalue; When Δ γ≤0, γ
ani-cbefore and after not only comprising coating, interface echo is interfered the frequency shift causing, also comprises the frequency shift γ that matrix elastic anisotropy causes
ani; When Δ γ >0, γ
ani-cbefore and after mainly comprising coating, interface echo is interfered the frequency shift causing, extracts the data of all Δ γ >0 and carries out coating thickness measuring;
(5) data of step (4) being extracted are carried out Fourier transform and be take signal J as benchmark is normalized, and obtain its normalized power spectrum Gm (f), read the resonant frequency value f in Gm (f) effective band
n, the longitudinal wave velocity c of known this thermal barrier coating, brings sound pressure reflection coefficient power spectrum resonance frequency expression formula (3) into:
By expression formula (3), calculate corresponding coating thickness.
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| CN105651215A (en) * | 2016-03-19 | 2016-06-08 | 大连理工大学 | Coating thickness measuring method under unknown ultrasonic velocity condition |
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| CN105651215A (en) * | 2016-03-19 | 2016-06-08 | 大连理工大学 | Coating thickness measuring method under unknown ultrasonic velocity condition |
| CN106205584A (en) * | 2016-07-06 | 2016-12-07 | 南京大学 | A kind of broadband noise elimination pipeline of Helmholtz resonator based on adjustable resonant frequency |
| CN107063143A (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-08-18 | 大连交通大学 | A kind of high-precision ultrasonic displacement measurement system |
| CN107063143B (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2019-07-19 | 大连交通大学 | A kind of high-precision ultrasonic displacement measurement system |
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| CN111947769A (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2020-11-17 | 核动力运行研究所 | Resonant wave frequency determination method and device |
| CN112305077A (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2021-02-02 | 洛阳轴承研究所有限公司 | Nondestructive testing method for bonding quality of bearing surface coating and matrix interface |
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