CN104025907B - A kind of Hime mushroom cultivation method - Google Patents
A kind of Hime mushroom cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to Hime mushroom cultivating technology field, especially a kind of Hime mushroom cultivation method, utilized by the combination of Chinese medicine slag and edible fungi leftovers, and then instead of the higher culture medium raw material of the costs such as corn flour, the cultivation cost of Hime mushroom is reduced greatly, also make the Chinese medicine slag as waste discharge be fully utilized simultaneously, avoid environmental pollution; By control and the adjustment of planting technique and culture technique parameter, then in conjunction with the collocation of nutrient component, such that the Hime mushroom mycelia that plants is pure white, sturdy, to send out bacterium fast, contaminated rate is low, and Hime massee fruiting bodies is large, delicate, plump.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Hime mushroom cultivating technology field, especially a kind of Hime mushroom cultivation method.
Background technology
Ji mushroom is the saprophytic edible fungi that a kind of adaptability is very strong, distribution is wide, wild mushroom is many, and in late autumn, even early summer, a small bundle of straw, etc. for silkworms to spin cocoons on was born on the dry and decayed timber of the broad-leaved trees such as poplar, elm, Chinese scholartree, or a small bundle of straw, etc. for silkworms to spin cocoons on is born in the withered part of the tree that lives, and can make full use of the active ingredient in dry and decayed timber and composts or fertilisers of cultivating.Edible mushroom is nutritious because of it, delicious flavour and extremely common people favor.Edible mushroom is not only direct-edible, also can be used as the additive of various food as food such as soya-bean milk, bread, noodles and beverages, or makes multiple medicine and health products by processing refinement, thus, has very wide market prospects to the cultivation of Ji mushroom.
Meanwhile, as the edible mushroom of the upper kind of Ji mushroom, be the food of nutritious, the delicious flavour produced for raw material with farm-forestry crop stalk, branch the like waste.The cellulose that edible mushroom utilizes plant husbandry to produce, lignin provide mycoprotein, simultaneously for plant husbandry provides organic manure, for aquaculture provides feed for the mankind.Mushroom industry has become the important component part of agriculture ternary circulation economy, in Agricultural recycling economy, have unique effect.Therefore, development mushroom industry has been subject to the attention of government, carries out large-scale development, as developing agricultural recycling economy, guides the important measures that peasant builds up the family fortunes.
But according to edible fungi of china association statistics, China's edible mushroom gross yield and total export volume leap to the first in the world, and along with the development of fungus growing technique, planting material shortage is more and more serious.Research for the planting material of edible mushroom is extensively proposed, particularly thrown away by as discarded object at the dregs of a decoction of current traditional Chinese medicine pharmaceutical factory through extracting active ingredient, this both caused the wasting of resources, under causing again the prerequisite of environmental pollution, a large amount of Research Literatures and many researchers have all dropped into this field.
If the patent No. is 201010127250.3, " utilizing discarded Chinese medicine slag to produce composts or fertilisers of cultivating mushroom and preparation method thereof " discloses one and utilizes Chinese medicine slag to prepare composts or fertilisers of cultivating mushroom and method thereof.
And for example the patent No. is " utilizing Chinese medicine slag to produce the method for culture medium of edible fungus " composts or fertilisers of cultivating disclosing edible mushroom of 200610068623.8 and preparation method thereof.
For another example the patent No. be 200510104524.6 " taking Chinese medicine slag as the production method of the culture medium of edible fungus of raw material " disclose the raw material and method thereof that Chinese medicine slag prepared as culture medium of edible fungus.
Therefore, from above prior art, at present for Chinese medicine slag as composts or fertilisers of cultivating mushroom, the research of medium frequently occurs, but also can as can be seen from above prior art document, great majority adopt Chinese medicine slag to be all the general character based on edible mushroom as the research of composts or fertilisers of cultivating mushroom or culture medium raw material, and the edible mushroom that some life habits are more special is difficult to be suitable for, particularly for the cultivation of Hime mushroom, but it is a kind of relatively suitable also not occur, and adopt Chinese medicine slag as raw material, and the research controlling the production of the technology collocation property in whole Hime mushroom plantation process occurs, the present invention is in order to better promote the fast development of Hime mushroom industry for this reason, for the growth characteristics of Hime mushroom, in conjunction with existing composts or fertilisers of cultivating or medium, through years of researches and exploration, cultivation for Hime mushroom provides a kind of new approaches.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem existed in prior art, the invention provides the cultivation method of a kind of Hime mushroom, have with discarded mixing Chinese medicine slag be major ingredient, edible fungi leftovers and sorghum husk be the manufacturing condition of auxiliary material cultivation Ji mushroom, Study of Traditional Chinese Medicine slag and edible fungi leftovers plantation Ji mushroom, reduce Hime mushroom production cost, improve Hime mushroom cultivation benefit, Chinese medicine slag and sorghum husk discarded object are got utilization, promotes the development of circular agriculture, avoid the features such as environmental pollution.
Be achieved particular by following technical scheme:
A kind of Hime mushroom cultivation method, comprises the following steps:
(1) raw material prepares: choose Chinese medicine slag, and Chinese medicine slag to be placed in rotating speed be that the dewaterer of 800r/min carries out rotation dehydration, when dehydration is 20-30% to water content, be placed in cracker, be ground into 70-80 object particle, and adopt order number to be that 70 object sieves carry out process of sieving, plus mateial is placed in cracker, proceed to pulverize and sieve process, undersize is that Chinese medicine slag is just expected, stand-by; Choose edible fungi leftovers, adopted the sterile water steam of 90-110 DEG C, carry out sterilization treatment 10-20min under 110kPa after, stand-by; Choose sorghum husk, be placed in cracker and pulverize and sieve and be processed into 80-100 order, stand-by; Select corncob, be placed in cracker and pulverize and sieve and be processed into 80-100 order, stand-by;
(2) mixing and stirring: by step 1) the raw material mix handled well, obtain cultivation just material, the pH value that the quicklime of gross weight 1-2% regulates nutrition just to expect is 9.5-10.2 to adopt cultivation just to expect again, the weight portion of its Raw is that Chinese medicine slag just expects 40-50 part, edible fungi leftovers 20-30 part, sorghum husk 20-30 part and corncob 5-10 part, the concrete distribution of raw material is, first Chinese medicine slag is just expected and edible fungi leftovers, sorghum husk and corn flour mix according to proportioning, obtain cultivation just material, admix the quicklime of 0.85-2.4 part again, add water and be adjusted to hand and grab cultivation when just expecting, watermark can be seen, but till not having water droplet to produce,
(3) heap fermentation: by step 2) cultivation for preparing just expects to build up the stockpile of wide 1-1.5m, high 0.9-1.1m, and after heap is built up, adopt breather line low to heap from heap top, the oblique distance every 20cm inserts a breather pipe, and insertion depth is 30cm, and dark to 0.5m to the low vertically slotting breather pipe of heap from heap top, often heap cultivation just expects that the breather line amount inserted is 13, and the diameter of breather line is 1cm, straw in covering, watering to moisture is 60-75%, and to maintain room temperature be after 25 DEG C, just expect to carry out hyperthermic treatment to cultivation, make to cultivate just material fermentation heap and be warming up to 60 DEG C in 48 hours, the temperature maintaining 60 DEG C carried out fermentation after 24 hours, fermentation heap is turned over and throws process, turning over and throwing frequency is 40 times/h, turn over after throwing 30min, continue mulching straw, just expect to carry out moisturizing process to cultivation, adjustment temperature is after 25 DEG C, continue to carry out hyperthermic treatment to the first stockpile of cultivation, and make the first stockpile of cultivation be warming up to 60 DEG C in 2-3 hour, after maintaining 24 hours fermentation, after proceeding to turn over throwing process, moisturizing process again, repeat to turn over and throw after fermentation process 5-10 days, continuing holding temperature is that 60 DEG C of fermentations are after 24 hours, just expect to turn over throwing and moisturizing process to fermentation cultivation, the moisture of adjustment fermentation planting material is 60-70%, in coffee-like, there is fragranced, during tack-free and high resilience, obtain composts or fertilisers of cultivating just finished product,
(4) pack sterilizing: by step 3) composts or fertilisers of cultivating that obtains just finished product load in polyethylene plastic bag, often packed enter 3kg, and move in high-temperature sterilization pot, adopt temperature to be that the steam of 130-180 DEG C carries out high-temperature sterilization process, obtain composts or fertilisers of cultivating bag;
(5) inoculation management: by step 4) under the composts or fertilisers of cultivating bag that obtains is cooled to normal temperature, and carry out two ends inoculation process in the gnotobasis that vacuum is 0.121MPa, often hold inoculum concentration to be the bacterial strain of the 5-10% of composts or fertilisers of cultivating bag, carry out equivalent inoculation; Being placed on constant temperature is again in the environment of 15-25 DEG C, keeps moisture to be that 60-70% cultivates; When Hime mushroom grows out, adjustment moisture is 80-90%, and control temperature is 15-25 DEG C, continues to cultivate; When Hime mushroom until 90% enters sporophore growth period, adopt solar radiation process, and guarantee that sunlight can not direct projection Hime massee fruiting bodies; And keeping ambient moisture content to be 80-90%, temperature is at 15-25 DEG C, adopts fan to accelerate air flowing, the velocity of rotation of fan is 25-30r/min, continuing to cultivate, when Hime mushroom is ripe, staying greatly little principle according to adopting, Hime mushroom is plucked, and must not sprinkle water before gathering, after gathering, moisturizing process is carried out to the Hime mushroom cultivated in bag, water conservation isothermal holding is carried out to the Hime mushroom of gathering, the plantation of Hime mushroom can be completed.
Described step 3) in moisturizing process be that the lime water of employing 0.5% carries out moisturizing process.
Described step 5) in moisturizing process be adopt sterile distilled water carry out moisturizing process.
The weight portion of described raw material be Chinese medicine slag just expect 45 parts, edible fungi leftovers 25 parts, sorghum husk 25 parts and corncob 8 parts.
The concrete distribution of described raw material is, first Chinese medicine slag is just expected in agitator, to adopt mixing speed to be after the mixing speed of 30r/min carries out being uniformly mixed 20min with edible fungi leftovers according to proportioning, sorghum husk and corn flour being added in agitator according to mixing speed according to proportioning is successively that 40r/min carries out being uniformly mixed 30min again, obtain cultivation just material, the mixing speed adjusting agitator is again the lime water that 55r/min adds that the quicklime of 2 parts and water are mixed with 1% while stirring, be adjusted to hand and grab cultivation when just expecting, watermark can be seen, but till not having water droplet to produce.
Compared with prior art, technique effect of the present invention is embodied in:
1. utilized by the combination of Chinese medicine slag and edible fungi leftovers, and then instead of the higher culture medium raw material of the costs such as corn flour, the cultivation cost of Hime mushroom is reduced greatly, also makes the Chinese medicine slag as waste discharge be fully utilized simultaneously, avoid environmental pollution.
2. by control and the adjustment of planting technique and culture technique parameter, then in conjunction with the collocation of nutrient component, such that the Hime mushroom mycelia that plants is pure white, sturdy, to send out bacterium fast, contaminated rate is low, and Hime massee fruiting bodies is large, delicate, plump.
3. by the adjustment of technique, reduce technology difficulty and shorten cultivation cycle, be suitable for the production of scale, sent by the Hime mushroom sample produced product quality inspection to detect institute to detect simultaneously, the content of beary metal such as arsenic, lead, mercury are all lower than national edible mushroom sanitary standard, and hexachlorcyclohexane, dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane etc. do not detect, meet national edible mushroom sanitary standard (GB7096-2003).
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with concrete embodiment, further restriction is done to technical scheme of the present invention, but claimed scope is not only confined to done description.
Embodiment 1
A kind of Hime mushroom cultivation method, comprises the following steps:
(1) raw material prepares: choose Chinese medicine slag, and Chinese medicine slag to be placed in rotating speed be that the dewaterer of 800r/min carries out rotation dehydration, when dehydration is 30% to water content, be placed in cracker, be ground into 80 object particles, and adopt order number to be that 70 object sieves carry out process of sieving, plus mateial is placed in cracker, proceed to pulverize and sieve process, undersize is that Chinese medicine slag is just expected, stand-by; Choose edible fungi leftovers, adopted the sterile water steam of 110 DEG C, carry out sterilization treatment 20min under 110kPa after, stand-by; Choose sorghum husk, be placed in cracker and pulverize and sieve and be processed into 100 orders, stand-by; Select corncob, be placed in cracker and pulverize and sieve and be processed into 100 orders, stand-by;
(2) mixing and stirring: by step 1) the raw material mix handled well, obtain cultivation just material, the pH value that the quicklime of gross weight 2% regulates nutrition just to expect is 10.2 to adopt cultivation just to expect again, the weight portion of its Raw is that Chinese medicine slag just expects 50kg, edible fungi leftovers 30kg, sorghum husk 30kg and corncob 10kg, the concrete distribution of raw material is, first Chinese medicine slag is just expected and edible fungi leftovers, sorghum husk and corn flour mix according to proportioning, obtain cultivation just material, admix the quicklime of 2.4kg again, add water and be adjusted to hand and grab cultivation when just expecting, watermark can be seen, but till not having water droplet to produce,
(3) heap fermentation: by step 2) cultivation for preparing just expects to build up the stockpile of wide 1.5m, high 1.1m, and after being built up by heap, adopt breather line low to heap from heap top, the oblique distance every 20cm inserts a breather pipe, and insertion depth is 30cm, and dark to 0.5m to the low vertically slotting breather pipe of heap from heap top, often heap cultivation just expects that the breather line amount inserted is 13, and the diameter of breather line is 1cm, straw in covering, watering to moisture is 75%, and to maintain room temperature be after 25 DEG C, just expect to carry out hyperthermic treatment to cultivation, make to cultivate just material fermentation heap and be warming up to 60 DEG C in 48 hours, the temperature maintaining 60 DEG C carried out fermentation after 24 hours, fermentation heap is turned over and throws process, turning over and throwing frequency is 40 times/h, turn over after throwing 30min, continue mulching straw, just expect to carry out moisturizing process to cultivation, adjustment temperature is after 25 DEG C, continue to carry out hyperthermic treatment to the first stockpile of cultivation, and make the first stockpile of cultivation be warming up to 60 DEG C in 2-3 hour, after maintaining 24 hours fermentation, after proceeding to turn over throwing process, moisturizing process again, repeat to turn over and throw fermentation process after 10 days, continuing holding temperature is that 60 DEG C of fermentations are after 24 hours, just expect to turn over throwing and moisturizing process to fermentation cultivation, the moisture of adjustment fermentation planting material is 70%, in coffee-like, there is fragranced, during tack-free and high resilience, obtain composts or fertilisers of cultivating just finished product,
(4) pack sterilizing: by step 3) composts or fertilisers of cultivating that obtains just finished product load in polyethylene plastic bag, often packed enter 3kg, and move in high-temperature sterilization pot, adopt temperature to be that the steam of 180 DEG C carries out high-temperature sterilization process, obtain composts or fertilisers of cultivating bag;
(5) inoculation management: by step 4) under the composts or fertilisers of cultivating bag that obtains is cooled to normal temperature, and carry out two ends inoculation process in the gnotobasis that vacuum is 0.121MPa, often hold inoculum concentration to be the bacterial strain of 10% of composts or fertilisers of cultivating bag, carry out equivalent inoculation; Being placed on constant temperature is again in the environment of 25 DEG C, keeps moisture to be 70% to cultivate; When Hime mushroom grows out, adjustment moisture is 90%, and control temperature is 25 DEG C, continues to cultivate; When Hime mushroom until 90% enters sporophore growth period, adopt solar radiation process, and guarantee that sunlight can not direct projection Hime massee fruiting bodies; And keeping ambient moisture content to be 90%, temperature is at 25 DEG C, adopts fan to accelerate air flowing, the velocity of rotation of fan is 30r/min, continuing to cultivate, when Hime mushroom is ripe, staying greatly little principle according to adopting, Hime mushroom is plucked, and must not sprinkle water before gathering, after gathering, moisturizing process is carried out to the Hime mushroom cultivated in bag, water conservation isothermal holding is carried out to the Hime mushroom of gathering, the plantation of Hime mushroom can be completed.
Described step 3) in moisturizing process be that the lime water of employing 0.5% carries out moisturizing process.
Described step 5) in moisturizing process be adopt sterile distilled water carry out moisturizing process.
Embodiment 2
A kind of Hime mushroom cultivation method, comprises the following steps:
(1) raw material prepares: choose Chinese medicine slag, and Chinese medicine slag to be placed in rotating speed be that the dewaterer of 800r/min carries out rotation dehydration, when dehydration is 20% to water content, be placed in cracker, be ground into 70 object particles, and adopt order number to be that 70 object sieves carry out process of sieving, plus mateial is placed in cracker, proceed to pulverize and sieve process, undersize is that Chinese medicine slag is just expected, stand-by; Choose edible fungi leftovers, adopted the sterile water steam of 90 DEG C, carry out sterilization treatment 10min under 110kPa after, stand-by; Choose sorghum husk, be placed in cracker and pulverize and sieve and be processed into 80 orders, stand-by; Select corncob, be placed in cracker and pulverize and sieve and be processed into 80 orders, stand-by;
(2) mixing and stirring: by step 1) the raw material mix handled well, obtain cultivation just material, the pH value that the quicklime of gross weight 1% regulates nutrition just to expect is 9.5 to adopt cultivation just to expect again, the weight portion of its Raw is that Chinese medicine slag just expects 40kg, edible fungi leftovers 20kg, sorghum husk 20kg and corncob 5kg, the concrete distribution of raw material is, first Chinese medicine slag is just expected and edible fungi leftovers, sorghum husk and corn flour mix according to proportioning, obtain cultivation just material, admix the quicklime of 0.85kg again, add water and be adjusted to hand and grab cultivation when just expecting, watermark can be seen, but till not having water droplet to produce,
(3) heap fermentation: by step 2) cultivation for preparing just expects to build up the stockpile of wide 1m, high 0.9m, and after being built up by heap, adopt breather line low to heap from heap top, the oblique distance every 20cm inserts a breather pipe, and insertion depth is 30cm, and dark to 0.5m to the low vertically slotting breather pipe of heap from heap top, often heap cultivation just expects that the breather line amount inserted is 13, and the diameter of breather line is 1cm, straw in covering, watering to moisture is 60%, and to maintain room temperature be after 25 DEG C, just expect to carry out hyperthermic treatment to cultivation, make to cultivate just material fermentation heap and be warming up to 60 DEG C in 48 hours, the temperature maintaining 60 DEG C carried out fermentation after 24 hours, fermentation heap is turned over and throws process, turning over and throwing frequency is 40 times/h, turn over after throwing 30min, continue mulching straw, just expect to carry out moisturizing process to cultivation, adjustment temperature is after 25 DEG C, continue to carry out hyperthermic treatment to the first stockpile of cultivation, and make the first stockpile of cultivation be warming up to 60 DEG C in 2 hours, after maintaining 24 hours fermentation, after proceeding to turn over throwing process, moisturizing process again, repeat to turn over and throw fermentation process after 5 days, continuing holding temperature is that 60 DEG C of fermentations are after 24 hours, just expect to turn over throwing and moisturizing process to fermentation cultivation, the moisture of adjustment fermentation planting material is 60%, in coffee-like, there is fragranced, during tack-free and high resilience, obtain composts or fertilisers of cultivating just finished product,
(4) pack sterilizing: by step 3) composts or fertilisers of cultivating that obtains just finished product load in polyethylene plastic bag, often packed enter 3kg, and move in high-temperature sterilization pot, adopt temperature to be that the steam of 130 DEG C carries out high-temperature sterilization process, obtain composts or fertilisers of cultivating bag;
(5) inoculation management: by step 4) under the composts or fertilisers of cultivating bag that obtains is cooled to normal temperature, and carry out two ends inoculation process in the gnotobasis that vacuum is 0.121MPa, often hold inoculum concentration to be the bacterial strain of 5% of composts or fertilisers of cultivating bag, carry out equivalent inoculation; Being placed on constant temperature is again in the environment of 15 DEG C, keeps moisture to be 60% to cultivate; When Hime mushroom grows out, adjustment moisture is 80%, and control temperature is 15 DEG C, continues to cultivate; When Hime mushroom until 90% enters sporophore growth period, adopt solar radiation process, and guarantee that sunlight can not direct projection Hime massee fruiting bodies; And keeping ambient moisture content to be 80%, temperature is at 15 DEG C, adopts fan to accelerate air flowing, the velocity of rotation of fan is 25r/min, continuing to cultivate, when Hime mushroom is ripe, staying greatly little principle according to adopting, Hime mushroom is plucked, and must not sprinkle water before gathering, after gathering, moisturizing process is carried out to the Hime mushroom cultivated in bag, water conservation isothermal holding is carried out to the Hime mushroom of gathering, the plantation of Hime mushroom can be completed.
Described step 3) in moisturizing process be that the lime water of employing 0.5% carries out moisturizing process.
Described step 5) in moisturizing process be adopt sterile distilled water carry out moisturizing process.
Embodiment 3
A kind of Hime mushroom cultivation method, comprises the following steps:
(1) raw material prepares: choose Chinese medicine slag, and Chinese medicine slag to be placed in rotating speed be that the dewaterer of 800r/min carries out rotation dehydration, when dehydration is 25% to water content, be placed in cracker, be ground into 75 object particles, and adopt order number to be that 70 object sieves carry out process of sieving, plus mateial is placed in cracker, proceed to pulverize and sieve process, undersize is that Chinese medicine slag is just expected, stand-by; Choose edible fungi leftovers, adopted the sterile water steam of 100 DEG C, carry out sterilization treatment 15min under 110kPa after, stand-by; Choose sorghum husk, be placed in cracker and pulverize and sieve and be processed into 90 orders, stand-by; Select corncob, be placed in cracker and pulverize and sieve and be processed into 90 orders, stand-by;
(2) mixing and stirring: by step 1) the raw material mix handled well, obtain cultivation just material, the pH value that the quicklime of gross weight 1.5% regulates nutrition just to expect is 10 to adopt cultivation just to expect again, and the weight portion of wherein said raw material is that Chinese medicine slag just expects 45kg, edible fungi leftovers 25kg, sorghum husk 25kg and corncob 8kg;
The concrete distribution of described raw material is, first Chinese medicine slag is just expected in agitator, to adopt mixing speed to be after the mixing speed of 30r/min carries out being uniformly mixed 20min with edible fungi leftovers according to proportioning, sorghum husk and corn flour being added in agitator according to mixing speed according to proportioning is successively that 40r/min carries out being uniformly mixed 30min again, obtain cultivation just material, the mixing speed adjusting agitator is again the lime water that 55r/min adds that the quicklime of 2 parts and water are mixed with 1% while stirring, be adjusted to hand and grab cultivation when just expecting, watermark can be seen, but till not having water droplet to produce,
(3) heap fermentation: by step 2) cultivation for preparing just expects to build up the stockpile of wide 1.2m, high 1m, and after being built up by heap, adopt breather line low to heap from heap top, the oblique distance every 20cm inserts a breather pipe, and insertion depth is 30cm, and dark to 0.5m to the low vertically slotting breather pipe of heap from heap top, often heap cultivation just expects that the breather line amount inserted is 13, and the diameter of breather line is 1cm, straw in covering, watering to moisture is 68%, and to maintain room temperature be after 25 DEG C, just expect to carry out hyperthermic treatment to cultivation, make to cultivate just material fermentation heap and be warming up to 60 DEG C in 48 hours, the temperature maintaining 60 DEG C carried out fermentation after 24 hours, fermentation heap is turned over and throws process, turning over and throwing frequency is 40 times/h, turn over after throwing 30min, continue mulching straw, just expect to carry out moisturizing process to cultivation, adjustment temperature is after 25 DEG C, continue to carry out hyperthermic treatment to the first stockpile of cultivation, and make the first stockpile of cultivation be warming up to 60 DEG C in 2.5 hours, after maintaining 24 hours fermentation, after proceeding to turn over throwing process, moisturizing process again, repeat to turn over and throw fermentation process after 8 days, continuing holding temperature is that 60 DEG C of fermentations are after 24 hours, just expect to turn over throwing and moisturizing process to fermentation cultivation, the moisture of adjustment fermentation planting material is 65%, in coffee-like, there is fragranced, during tack-free and high resilience, obtain composts or fertilisers of cultivating just finished product,
(4) pack sterilizing: by step 3) composts or fertilisers of cultivating that obtains just finished product load in polyethylene plastic bag, often packed enter 3kg, and move in high-temperature sterilization pot, adopt temperature to be that the steam of 150 DEG C carries out high-temperature sterilization process, obtain composts or fertilisers of cultivating bag;
(5) inoculation management: by step 4) under the composts or fertilisers of cultivating bag that obtains is cooled to normal temperature, and carry out two ends inoculation process in the gnotobasis that vacuum is 0.121MPa, often hold inoculum concentration to be the bacterial strain of 8% of composts or fertilisers of cultivating bag, carry out equivalent inoculation; Being placed on constant temperature is again in the environment of 20 DEG C, keeps moisture to be 65% to cultivate; When Hime mushroom grows out, adjustment moisture is 85%, and control temperature is 20 DEG C, continues to cultivate; When Hime mushroom until 90% enters sporophore growth period, adopt solar radiation process, and guarantee that sunlight can not direct projection Hime massee fruiting bodies; And keeping ambient moisture content to be 85%, temperature is at 20 DEG C, adopts fan to accelerate air flowing, the velocity of rotation of fan is 28r/min, continuing to cultivate, when Hime mushroom is ripe, staying greatly little principle according to adopting, Hime mushroom is plucked, and must not sprinkle water before gathering, after gathering, moisturizing process is carried out to the Hime mushroom cultivated in bag, water conservation isothermal holding is carried out to the Hime mushroom of gathering, the plantation of Hime mushroom can be completed.
Described step 3) in moisturizing process be that the lime water of employing 0.5% carries out moisturizing process.
Described step 5) in moisturizing process be adopt sterile distilled water carry out moisturizing process.
Test example:
The growing state of test example 1 grinding particle size and the different mycelia of material water content
Adopt the embodiment of the present invention 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3 and adopt raw material components material of the present invention to carry out traditional preparation scheme and be prepared, not sieve process, add water content and reach more than 98%, carry out the cultivation of Hime mushroom, its result shows below shown in table 1:
Table 1 embodiment of the present invention 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3 are sieved process composts or fertilisers of cultivating control suitable moisture and material of the present invention preparation scheme is traditionally prepared, not sieve process, add moisture reach 98% or moisture traditionally add, its technique effect produced is:
| Grinding particle size | Material water content | |
| Embodiment 1 | Grow fast, neat, sturdy | Growth comparatively fast, more neatly, more sturdy, close |
| Embodiment 2 | Grow fast, neat, sturdy | Growth comparatively fast, more neat, sturdy, close |
| Embodiment 3 | Grow fast, neat, sturdy | Grow fast, neat, sturdy, close |
| Contrast | Grow fast, irregular, do not strengthen | Slower, weak, irregular |
Can obviously be found out by the data in table 1, whether grinding particle size evenly has obvious impact for the advantage of mycelial growth, and material water content is higher, and mycelial growth is poor; Material water content is lower, and mycelial growth is also poor, and when having material water content rather moderate only, mycelial growth can be made comparatively excellent, and growth rate is very fast, can significantly shorten the cultural hypha cycle.
The impact that test example 2 strain inoculation mode difference is brought
Table 2 is based on embodiment 3, different from the different impact brought of mycelial growth situation on strain inoculation mode
Can be drawn by table 2, the cultivation cycle of two ends inoculation method is obviously short than the cultivation cycle of one end inoculation method, and the mycelia of producing is comparatively excellent.
The edible mushroom sample Middle nutrition composition of test example 3 this law cultivation and micronutrient levels comparative experiments
Control group adopt the patent No. be 200510104524.6 " taking Chinese medicine slag as the production method of the culture medium of edible fungus of raw material " prepare medium, cultural method traditionally carries out the cultivation of Hime mushroom; Experimental group adopts the cultivation method of the embodiment of the present invention 3 to cultivate Hime mushroom, and carries out detection comparative analysis to the nutrient component of the Hime mushroom that two kinds of methods cultivate out and trace element, its result as shown in Table 3 and Table 4:
Table 3: nutrient component
Table 4: trace element
As can be seen from Table 3, crude protein content of the present invention is apparently higher than the crude protein content of control group, and its ash content is starkly lower than contrast, and fat is lower, and moisture is on the low side, and visible product rich in nutrition content of the present invention, can provide multiple nutrients material for human body.
As can be seen from Table 4, the micro elements needed by human such as iron content of the present invention, calcium, magnesium, manganese, zinc are more, and the heavy metal elements such as cupric are less, can bring abundant nutrient component and necessary trace element to human body; Its quality visible is more excellent.
Claims (3)
1. a Hime mushroom cultivation method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) raw material prepares: choose Chinese medicine slag, and Chinese medicine slag to be placed in rotating speed be that the dewaterer of 800r/min carries out rotation dehydration, when dehydration is 20-30% to water content, be placed in cracker, be ground into 70-80 object particle, and adopt order number to be that 70 object sieves carry out process of sieving, plus mateial is placed in cracker, proceed to pulverize and sieve process, undersize is that Chinese medicine slag is just expected, stand-by; Choose edible fungi leftovers, adopted the sterile water steam of 90-110 DEG C, carry out sterilization treatment 10-20min under 110kPa after, stand-by; Choose sorghum husk, be placed in cracker and pulverize and sieve and be processed into 80-100 order, stand-by; Select corncob, be placed in cracker and pulverize and sieve and be processed into 80-100 order, stand-by;
(2) mixing and stirring: by step 1) the raw material mix handled well, obtain cultivation just material, the pH value that the quicklime of gross weight 1-2% regulates nutrition just to expect is 9.5-10.2 to adopt cultivation just to expect again, the weight portion of its Raw is that Chinese medicine slag just expects 40-50 part, edible fungi leftovers 20-30 part, sorghum husk 20-30 part and corncob 5-10 part, the concrete distribution of raw material is, first Chinese medicine slag is just expected and edible fungi leftovers, sorghum husk and corn flour mix according to proportioning, obtain cultivation just material, admix the quicklime of 0.85-2.4 part again, add water and be adjusted to hand and grab cultivation when just expecting, watermark can be seen, but till not having water droplet to produce,
(3) heap fermentation: by step 2) cultivation for preparing just expects to build up the stockpile of wide 1-1.5m, high 0.9-1.1m, and after heap is built up, adopt breather line low to heap from heap top, the oblique distance every 20cm inserts a breather pipe, and insertion depth is 30cm, and dark to 0.5m to the low vertically slotting breather pipe of heap from heap top, often heap cultivation just expects that the breather line amount inserted is 13, and the diameter of breather line is 1cm, straw in covering, watering to moisture is 60-75%, and to maintain room temperature be after 25 DEG C, just expect to carry out hyperthermic treatment to cultivation, make to cultivate just material fermentation heap and be warming up to 60 DEG C in 48 hours, the temperature maintaining 60 DEG C carried out fermentation after 24 hours, fermentation heap is turned over and throws process, turning over and throwing frequency is 40 times/h, turn over after throwing 30min, continue mulching straw, just expect to carry out moisturizing process to cultivation, adjustment temperature is after 25 DEG C, continue to carry out hyperthermic treatment to the first stockpile of cultivation, and make the first stockpile of cultivation be warming up to 60 DEG C in 2-3 hour, after maintaining 24 hours fermentation, after proceeding to turn over throwing process, moisturizing process again, repeat to turn over and throw after fermentation process 5-10 days, continuing holding temperature is that 60 DEG C of fermentations are after 24 hours, just expect to turn over throwing and moisturizing process to fermentation cultivation, the moisture of adjustment fermentation planting material is 60-70%, in coffee-like, there is fragranced, during tack-free and high resilience, obtain composts or fertilisers of cultivating just finished product,
(4) pack sterilizing: by step 3) composts or fertilisers of cultivating that obtains just finished product load in polyethylene plastic bag, often packed enter 3kg, and move in high-temperature sterilization pot, adopt temperature to be that the steam of 130-180 DEG C carries out high-temperature sterilization process, obtain composts or fertilisers of cultivating bag;
(5) inoculation management: by step 4) under the composts or fertilisers of cultivating bag that obtains is cooled to normal temperature, and carry out two ends inoculation process in the gnotobasis that vacuum is 0.121MPa, often hold inoculum concentration to be the bacterial strain of the 5-10% of composts or fertilisers of cultivating bag, carry out equivalent inoculation; Being placed on constant temperature is again in the environment of 15-25 DEG C, keeps moisture to be that 60-70% cultivates; When Hime mushroom grows out, adjustment moisture is 80-90%, and control temperature is 15-25 DEG C, continues to cultivate; When Hime mushroom until 90% enters sporophore growth period, adopt solar radiation process, and guarantee that sunlight can not direct projection Hime massee fruiting bodies; And keeping ambient moisture content to be 80-90%, temperature is at 15-25 DEG C, adopts fan to accelerate air flowing, the velocity of rotation of fan is 25-30r/min, continuing to cultivate, when Hime mushroom is ripe, staying greatly little principle according to adopting, Hime mushroom is plucked, and must not sprinkle water before gathering, after gathering, moisturizing process is carried out to the Hime mushroom cultivated in bag, water conservation isothermal holding is carried out to the Hime mushroom of gathering, the plantation of Hime mushroom can be completed; Described step 3) in moisturizing process be that the lime water of employing 0.5% carries out moisturizing process; Described step 5) in moisturizing process be adopt sterile distilled water carry out moisturizing process.
2. Hime mushroom cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the weight portion of described raw material be Chinese medicine slag just expect 45 parts, edible fungi leftovers 25 parts, sorghum husk 25 parts and corncob 8 parts.
3. Hime mushroom cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the concrete distribution of described raw material is, first Chinese medicine slag is just expected in agitator, to adopt mixing speed to be after the mixing speed of 30r/min carries out being uniformly mixed 20min with edible fungi leftovers according to proportioning, sorghum husk and corn flour being added in agitator according to mixing speed according to proportioning is successively that 40r/min carries out being uniformly mixed 30min again, obtain cultivation just material, the mixing speed adjusting agitator is again the lime water that 55r/min adds that the quicklime of 2 parts and water are mixed with 1% while stirring, be adjusted to hand and grab cultivation when just expecting, watermark can be seen, but till not having water droplet to produce.
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