Summary of the invention
The present invention is based on following object, propose a kind ofly for monitoring the method for brake system of the brake equipment with a plurality of brake system of guideway vehicle, described method can be implemented on relatively low cost ground in the situation that of protection wheel and rail system.
The solution of described object is according to the invention reside in for monitoring the method for brake system of the brake equipment of guideway vehicle, wherein by obtaining deceleration measurand, detects the deceleration of guideway vehicle and coordinates by obtaining the power that power conjunction measuring variable detects between wheel and track; In the situation that little deceleration measurand and normal power conjunction measuring variable produce error notification signal.
The major advantage of the method according to this invention is, only when the brake system that in fact will monitor is damaged or be disturbed, just produces error notification signal, makes to only have the brake system that at this moment for example activates sand blast-apparatus just motivatedly and/or access other.Therefore, in the method according to the invention, save ground and dispose sand, this allows relatively little sand blast-apparatus and protection wheel and rail system.
According to the present invention, another solution of above-mentioned task is a kind of for monitoring the method for the brake system with at least one brake actuator of the brake equipment with a plurality of brake system of guideway vehicle, the braking force that wherein detects the deceleration of guideway vehicle and measure at least one brake actuator by obtaining deceleration measurand; In the situation that little deceleration measurand and little braking force produce error notification signal.Brake actuator is preferably electro-motor.
In fact whether the described embodiment of the method according to this invention is favourable, especially owing to there is no other brake system of demand working at this, but first checks: the too small deceleration damage owing to the brake system of monitoring with great probability.In addition, also draw in said embodiment the advantage describing in detail hereinbefore.
In the method according to the invention, the deceleration of guideway vehicle can detect in a different manner.In order realizing as far as possible accurately, to detect, according to measured deceleration actual value and default deceleration theoretical value, to form the poor actual value of slowing down, the poor actual value of described deceleration and deceleration difference limen value are compared to form the poor intermediate value of slowing down; In the situation that being greater than tolerance value, the poor intermediate value of slowing down produces error notification signal.
Especially in the brake system of the brake equipment of the guideway vehicle for high-speed range, be regarded as advantageously, according to the measured speed actual value of guideway vehicle, change deceleration theoretical value.
In order not all to obtain error notification signal when the low situation lower railway vehicle parking of moving velocity at every turn, advantageously the speed actual value of guideway vehicle and velocity limit value are compared; At speed actual value, lower than velocity limit value in the situation that, stop and form error notification signal.
As an alternative, can measure in an advantageous manner the speed actual value of guideway vehicle and itself and velocity limit value are compared, and lower than velocity limit value in the situation that, can improve deceleration difference limen value at speed actual value.
In the method according to the invention, the power between wheel and track coordinates and can detect in a different manner.Be regarded as especially advantageously, in order to detect power between wheel and track, coordinate, at least one wheels of guideway vehicle, measure slip actual value and itself and default slip threshold value are compared; In the situation that slip actual value is greater than slip threshold value, the difference limen value of slowing down accordingly forms power conjunction measuring variable.
At this, when deceleration difference limen value increases in the situation that slip actual value is greater than slip threshold value according to the wheels of quantification, be advantageously used in raising accuracy of detection.
Also can be advantageously, for the power detecting between wheel and track coordinates, on at least one wheels of guideway vehicle, determine that the power in wheel rail contact part coordinates actual value and coordinates threshold value to compare with default power it, and in the situation that power coordinates actual value to be less than power cooperation threshold value, the difference limen value of slowing down accordingly forms power conjunction measuring variable.
At this, also advantageously, deceleration difference limen value increases in the situation that power coordinates actual value to be less than power cooperation threshold value according to the wheels of quantification.
In order to check, do not produce any driving effect thering is brake actuator possibility described in the brake system of brake actuator at all, advantageously in thering is the brake system of at least one brake actuator, the deceleration measurement signal of guideway vehicle and velocity measurement variable are checked about its symbol in the method according to the invention, and in the situation that symbol is identical, produce immediately spurious signal for connecting other brake system.
In the method according to the invention, in order to detect deceleration and velocity measurement variable, use the sensor of different embodiments.Especially advantageously, use inertial sensor group (Inertialsensorpakets).This is particularly useful for following situation: should determine the speed of guideway vehicle and the symbol of deceleration.
When detecting the braking force of brake actuator, described power can be measured in a different manner in the method according to the invention.Therefore, seem advantageously, braking force is measured by means of power measurement and/or torque measurement on the axletree being associated with brake actuator of guideway vehicle and is carried out.
But also advantageously, braking force is measured and can be carried out on the deformable body being reversibly out of shape by braking by means of sensor.
Braking force is measured also and can in electric actuator, advantageously by measuring electric current and voltage, be undertaken.
Further processing to measured braking force advantageously becomes, make to form the poor actual value of power according to measured power actual value and default power theoretical value, by the poor intermediate value of formation power by the poor actual value of power with power difference limen value compares and generation power shortage signal in the situation that the poor intermediate value of power is greater than tolerance value.
In the guideway vehicle of high-speed range especially, can advantageously, according to the speed actual value of the measurement of guideway vehicle, change power theoretical value.
Also can advantageously, according to the rotating speed of the wheels that are connected with brake actuator, change power theoretical value.
The present invention is also based on following object; propose a kind of for monitoring the device of brake system of the brake equipment with a plurality of brake system of guideway vehicle; by described device, to the monitoring of brake system, can in the situation that protecting wheel and rail system, carry out at low cost.
In order to solve described object, according to the present invention, device is for monitoring the brake system of the brake equipment with a plurality of brake system of guideway vehicle, and described device has: for the measuring mechanism of the deceleration of guideway vehicle; The measuring equipment coordinating for the power between wheel and track; With the apparatus for evaluating that is arranged on measuring mechanism and measuring equipment downstream, in the deceleration of guideway vehicle, the power between little and wheel and track coordinates normal situation to issue the notification signal that makes mistake to described apparatus for evaluating.
Therefore, can according to meaning realize the advantage having described in detail hereinbefore for the method according to this invention.
Another solution of problem presented above is that described device has for monitoring the device of the brake system with at least one brake actuator of the brake equipment with a plurality of brake system of guideway vehicle: for the measuring mechanism of the deceleration of guideway vehicle; The measurement mechanism that is used for the braking force of at least one brake actuator; With the apparatus for evaluating that is arranged on the downstream of measuring mechanism and measurement mechanism, described apparatus for evaluating issues in the situation little and that braking force is little of slowing down the notification signal that makes mistake.
Therefore, can realize as identical for there is the method that the brake system of at least one brake actuator proposes for monitoring hereinbefore.
In device according to the present invention, measuring mechanism can differently form.Especially advantageously, measuring mechanism is configured to, make described measuring mechanism form the poor actual value of deceleration as deceleration measurand according to measured deceleration actual value and default deceleration theoretical value, using slowing down, poor actual value compares to form the poor intermediate value of deceleration and in the situation that the poor intermediate value of slowing down is greater than tolerance value, produces error notification signal with the deceleration difference limen value as power conjunction measuring variable.
About detection speed, also device according to the present invention can be implemented in a different manner.Seem advantageously, testing agency is arranged on to the upstream of apparatus for evaluating, in described testing agency by the speed actual value of guideway vehicle and velocity limit value compares and described testing agency is issued to apparatus for evaluating by prevention signal in the situation that speed actual value is less than velocity limit value, by described prevention signal, in apparatus for evaluating, stop and form error notification signal.
For fear of output error notification signal all at every turn not when the track vehicle parking, measuring mechanism advantageously has evaluation stage (Auswertestufe) at input side, described evaluation stage is connected in the mouth of inertial sensor group and is configured to its input end, makes described evaluation stage at the velocity measurement variable that not affected by acceleration due to gravity and centrifugal acceleration of its mouth output track vehicle.Inertial sensor group is for example known from http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inertialsensor.
In addition, advantageously, evaluation stage is also connected with measuring equipment and by its velocity measurement variable, causes there at outgoing side, makes to occur the increase of deceleration difference limen value in the situation that speed actual value is less than velocity limit value.
As an alternative, also consider: when speed is less than default threshold value, can too small deceleration actual value is not carried out and be checked.
By device according to the present invention, the power that can detect in a different manner between wheel and track coordinates; To this known multiple possibility.Advantageously, in device according to the present invention, at least one wheels that is engaged in guideway vehicle in order to detect power between wheel and track are provided with slip actual value and measure level, in described slip actual value, measure in level and measured slip actual value and default slip threshold value to be compared and described slip actual value is measured a grade increase that causes corresponding deceleration difference limen value in the situation that slip actual value is greater than slip threshold value.
In this article, also advantageously, have the counting machine of quantity that is greater than the wheels of slip threshold value for measuring slip actual value, described counting machine is greater than the wheels of the slip threshold value quantity of measuring according to slip actual value produces for increasing the signal of deceleration difference limen value.
In addition, seem advantageously, for the power detecting between wheel and track coordinates, on at least one wheels of guideway vehicle, be provided with the measurement level that coordinates actual value for power at wheel rail contact part, described measurement level is configured to for power being coordinated actual value coordinates threshold value to compare with default power and forming corresponding deceleration difference limen value for be less than power cooperation threshold value in power cooperation actual value in the situation that.
According in the described embodiment of device of the present invention, advantageously there is counting stage, described counting stage detection power coordinate actual value be less than power coordinate threshold value wheels quantity and according to power, coordinate actual value to be less than power to coordinate the quantity of measuring of the wheels of threshold value to send for increasing the count signal of deceleration difference limen value.
In order directly to check the damage of brake system in the device with brake actuator according to the present invention, advantageously, according to the provided upstream of the measurement mechanism of device of the present invention, be equipped with at least one power/torque measurement device, described power/torque measurement device is placed on the axletree being associated with brake actuator of guideway vehicle.
Especially advantageously, measurement mechanism and apparatus for evaluating are configured to, make it according to measured braking force actual value and default braking force theoretical value, form the poor actual value of braking force, by form the poor intermediate value of braking force by the poor actual value of braking force with braking force difference limen value compares and produce braking force shortage signal (LF) in the situation that the poor intermediate value of braking force is greater than tolerance value.
But, also can be advantageously, the deformable body being reversibly out of shape by braking is provided with for measuring the sensor of braking force.
As an alternative or addedly, advantageously, in electric actuator, described electric actuator can be associated with electric current and voltage measurement mechanism in order to measure braking force.
In addition, be regarded as advantageously, be provided with quick-make level, described quick-make level is loaded with and slows down proportional measurand and be loaded with the proportional measurand of speed of guideway vehicle and be configured at input side, makes described quick-make level to measurand, about its symbol, check and in the situation that symbol is identical, produce immediately spurious signal for connecting other brake system.This quick-make level is not only favourable in this article, and conventionally can be advantageously utilised in each for monitoring the device of brake system, wherein except slowing down, also detects the speed of guideway vehicle.
To this, advantageously, be provided with inertial sensor group, by described inertial sensor group, determine the speed of guideway vehicle and the size of deceleration and symbol.
The specific embodiment
Shown in Figure 1 for monitoring the device of brake system of the brake equipment of the guideway vehicle not illustrating, as chief component, comprise: for detection of the measuring mechanism 1 of the deceleration of guideway vehicle; The measuring equipment 2 coordinating for detection of the power between wheel and track in guideway vehicle; With apparatus for evaluating 3, described apparatus for evaluating issues in the situation with comparing under normal circumstances the normal power cooperation between little deceleration and wheel and track of guideway vehicle the notification signal BF that makes mistake.
Measuring mechanism 1 comprises inertial sensor group 1A, and described inertial sensor group has the acceleration sensor not being shown specifically, and described acceleration sensor is parallel to the vehicle longitudinal axis of guideway vehicle.By the described acceleration sensor of inertial sensor group 1A, measure deceleration actual value a
x.On inertial sensor group 1A or on its acceleration sensor, be connected with absolute value shaper 4, described absolute value shaper forms the absolute value of measured deceleration actual value and forms the mouth of phase at described absolute value and produces positive deceleration actual value d
ist.Downstream in absolute value shaper 4 is provided with again subtracter 5, and described subtracter is also loaded with deceleration theoretical value d
soll.So on the mouth of subtracter 5 and then also on the mouth 6 of measuring mechanism 1, produce the poor actual value Δ d that slows down
ist.
Measuring equipment 2 comprises rotating speed detector 7, by described rotating speed detector, measures rotational speed omega
1, ω
2, ω
n, wherein different axletree rotating speeds is corresponding to the wheels of the different braking of guideway vehicle.The axletree tachometric survey variable obtaining is like this flowed to element 8, and described element is measured the quantity k of the wheels with power cooperation little between wheel and track.Described element 8 is also loaded with the measurand v corresponding to the moving velocity of guideway vehicle, described measurand with hereinafter in greater detail mode obtain.The axletree rotating speed of utilize radius of wheel actual value in element 8, measuring and moving velocity v determine the actual value of the slip between wheel and track for each wheels of brake system effect.When corresponding slip actual value surpasses predeterminable slip threshold value, that the wheels that are associated are considered to slide and coordinate braking with low power.By being added, element 8 is measured the quantity k of the wheels with little power cooperation and described value is passed to nonlinear assembly 9.Nonlinear assembly 9 is determined positive deceleration difference limen value Δ d according to the quantity k of the wheels that slide by means of monotone increasing function
soll.This represents, along with the quantity k of the wheels that slide increases, and deceleration difference limen value Δ d
sollincrease.Therefore, according to meaning, for theory slow down and actual deceleration between the tolerance of permission of difference increase.Because the described power of tolerance coordinates relevant coupling, can suppose with high probability, error notification signal is in fact only in the situation that the brake system of using of guideway vehicle is damaged occurs.Deceleration difference limen value Δ d
sollon the mouth 10 of measuring equipment 2, occur.
The apparatus for evaluating 3 that is arranged on the downstream of measuring mechanism 1 and measuring equipment 2 has another subtracter 11 at input side, and poor actual value Δ d will slow down
istby measuring mechanism 1 and deceleration difference limen value Δ d
sollby measuring equipment 2, once flow to described subtracter; So, there is the poor intermediate value Δ d that slows down in the input end at another subtracter 11
zw.When the mouth of another subtracter 11 is greater than zero, by the two point assembly 12 that is arranged on downstream, logical signal LD is placed in to high level on its mouth.The high level of signal LD illustrates the too small deceleration of whole guideway vehicle and therefore represents undermoderated signal LD.If the mouth of another subtracter 11 is less than zero, logical signal remains in low level so.
Undermoderated signal LD flows to and door 13, and other logical signal LV, BRt and DS flow to described and door.For these four signals cause the error notification M signal LB of logic on the mouth with door 13, must meet other the condition being described in more detail below.
First, must really there is brake request, because described brake request signals braking procedure well afoot.This brake request represents by the low level of logical signal BR, by described logical signal, loads dead time assembly 14.By described dead time assembly 14, signal BR is postponed with the time length of setting up braking force of needs; Result is the output signal BRt with high level of dead time assembly 14.
To the monitoring of the braking effect of the brake system that will monitor only at limit moving velocity v
grenzon suitably carry out.To this, first from the sensor signal of inertial sensor group 1A, by the suitable assessment in evaluation stage 15A, obtain the measurand of moving velocity v.According to vehicle, in which direction, travel, the symbol of the measurand of moving velocity v can be positive or negative, thus measurand is flowed to another absolute value shaper 16.In described absolute value shaper 16, form positive moving velocity actual value v
ist, described moving velocity actual value by means of additional subtracter 17 from positive moving velocity limit v
grenzin deduct; Absolute value shaper 16 and additional subtracter 17 together form testing agency 15 together with evaluation stage 15A.As long as moving velocity actual value is less than moving velocity limit v
grenz, the mouth of additional subtracter be just greater than zero and another two point assembly 18 using its logic output signal as stoping signal LV to switch to high level.
In the illustrated embodiment, in addition, should guarantee, the actr not illustrating being made as for braking of the brake system that monitor does not demonstrate driving effect.The assessment element 19 that is arranged on downstream is measured, speed v with deceleration a
xsymbol whether be different.Only, when this is this situation, additional element 19 outputs have the logical signal DS of high level.
If have whole signal LD, LV, BRt and the DS of high level be positioned at simultaneously with door 13 on, so describedly produce a signal LB with door, described signal flows to or door 20.On described or door 20, at input side, also have another and door 21 signal NB, described another is loaded with logical signal DS and is loaded with signal BRt by dead time level 14 by another element 19 with door.
By another and door 21, check, whether the brake system that check demonstrates driving effect.If this is this situation, signal DS has high level so, and in the situation that signal BRt is high level equally, another is placed in high level with the logical signal NB of the output of door 21.
Therefore, two logical signal LB and NB signal respectively the damage of monitored brake system, make by or door 20 logical signal BF is exported as error notification signal.The brake system that at least one is different to used brake system the high level in the situation that by error notification signal BF activates.
Shown in figure 2 evaluation stage 15A on the one hand input side with according to the inertial sensor group 1A of Fig. 1, be connected and be loaded with in addition stop signal ST, when guideway vehicle stops, described stop signal is placed in to high level.At input side, evaluation stage 15A is provided with two disconnectors 30 and 31, by described disconnector by six signal a
x, a
y, a
zand ω
x, ω
yand ω
zfirst be divided into three acceleration signal a
x, a
yand a
zand three tach signal ω
x, ω
yand ω
z.The measurement axis that belongs to the sensor of acceleration signal ax is parallel to the longitudinal axis of guideway vehicle at this.Sensor signal has respectively deviation mistake, cross sensitivity mistake (Querempfindlichkeitsfehler), temperature-responsive, measurement noise etc.In shim element 32, the in the situation that of acceleration signal, these mistakes are compensated according to known method.Identical content occurs in additional shim element 33 in the situation that of tach signal.Downstream in two shim elements 32 and 33 arranges inverting element 34, in described inverting element according to known method, for example via calculate Eulerian angles by the acceleration due to gravity vector of inertial system in sensor coordinate system.The vector of conversion is for utilizing adder 35 to compensate the component of the measured acceleration signal of being included in of acceleration due to gravity, and described adder is also connected in shim element 32.
At input side, for the element 36 of measuring centrifugal acceleration, be also connected with the mouth of additional shim element 33, in described element, according to known method, measure the component in acceleration signal that is included in of centrifugal acceleration.For measuring the downstream of the element 36 of centrifugal acceleration, another adder 37 is being set, described adder is also connected with the mouth of adder 35 with another input end.Therefore, on the mouth of another subtracter 37, there is the acceleration signal of compensation acceleration due to gravity and centnifugal force acceleration/accel.
Be arranged on the switch 38 in downstream of another adder by the acceleration signal guiding integrator 39 of compensation, in the downstream of described integrator, additional disconnector 40 be set.The first signal of being selected by described disconnector 40 is moving velocity v.
When guideway vehicle stops, by the mechanism not illustrating, logic stop signal ST is placed in to high level.Once carry out described signaling, by switch 38, the acceleration/accel of compensation be placed in to zero by means of element 41 so.Similarly, via the RESET input RS of integrator 39, time integral is placed in to zero, realizes thus the time integral of drift or the calibration of moving velocity.
In inverting element 34, can comprise integrator, by means of the acceleration due to gravity vector after described integrator computational transformation.Integrator is placed in new initial value in the situation that logic stop signal ST is high level, and described initial value can depend on measured acceleration signal a
x, a
y, a
zcurrency.
Most of consistent with the embodiment according to Fig. 1 according to the embodiment of Fig. 3, therefore for the identical Reference numeral of consistent certain applications.At this, be no longer provided with measuring equipment, or rather, preset regularly deceleration difference limen value signal Δ d
soll.But, in the downstream of power sensor 50, measurement mechanism 49 being set, described power sensor is connected in the mode not illustrating with the brake system that will monitor with at least one brake actuator.
By means of sensor 50, in the present embodiment, carry out the measurement of power f for determining the braking effect of the brake actuator not illustrating on the axletree associated with it of guideway vehicle.Because the measurand corresponding to power f comprises symbol, so first described measurand is fed to absolute value shaper 51, described absolute value shaper forms positive power actual value f
ist.Positive power actual value f
istfrom predeterminable positive power theoretical value f
sollin by means of subtracter 52, deduct.At this, power theoretical value f
sollcan be also for example that described brake actuator preferably can be configured to electro-motor for adjusting the absolute value of the theoretical value of brake actuator.When power actual value is less than power theoretical value, the poor actual value Δ of power f
istequal zero.From the poor actual value Δ of power f
istin by means of another subtracter 53, deduct positive power difference limen value Δ f
soll.Power difference limen value Δ f
sollrepresent the tolerance for the permission of the difference between theoretical power and actual forces.Be on duty while surpassing tolerance, that is to say, when the signal on the mouth of subtracter 53 is greater than zero, by two point assembly 54, logical signal LF is placed in to high level.When not surpassing tolerance, logical signal LF remains in low level.Therefore, the high level of logical signal LF illustrates too small effect brake actuator or electro-motor, and this is owing to the damage of brake actuator.So, by means of this with according to comparing with assembly 13 of Fig. 1, have amount to 5 input ends with assembly 55, error notification signal BF with according to the embodiment of Fig. 1, compare the mouth of the relative slight apparatus for evaluating 56 changing only on produce.
Hypothesis in the illustrated embodiment, when brake actuator or electro-motor demonstrate braking effect, due to the installation direction of brake actuator or electro-motor, the symbol of moving velocity v and power f is different all the time.By means of assessment element 19, these two symbols are compared to each other.Only, in the situation that symbol is different, the logical signal DS on the mouth of two point assembly 19 obtains high level.Therefore, in logical signal DS embodiment shown in Figure 3, signal brake actuator or the electro-motor for braking, and the not driven actr of representative only in its embodiment shown in Figure 1.Further processing signals DS in an identical manner in two embodiment.
According in the embodiment of Fig. 4, device according to the present invention is simplified further with comparing according to the embodiment of Fig. 3 still, wherein with according to the consistent part of the part of Fig. 3 is provided with identical Reference numeral.According to the embodiment of Fig. 4, in the situation that be not enough according to the parts 4 and 5 of the measuring mechanism 1 of Fig. 3, make only still by inertial sensor group 1A, to be formed at this measuring mechanism.Apparatus for evaluating 57 does not need according to the element 11 and 12 of the apparatus for evaluating 56 of Fig. 3.Therefore, there is not logical signal LD.Therefore, omit in the present embodiment the standard for the too small total reduction that may be caused by the damage of used brake system of guideway vehicle.Correspondingly, there are four input ends with door 58 be enough.