CN1040187C - 纤维强化塑料结构的改进 - Google Patents
纤维强化塑料结构的改进 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种可透气的板状结构包括占5%~50%重量的、其长度为5~50毫米的加强纤维,和占50%~95重量的完全或大体上未固结的粒状非交联弹性材料,其特征在于纤维和弹性混合物被粘结成一种可透气的结构。
Description
本发明涉及到板状纤维结构,特别涉及到那种在纤维强化橡胶或橡胶类材料或制品的生产中所使用的板状纤维结构。本发明也涉及到制造这些材料的加工方法。
众所周知的纤维强化橡胶制品,它的一般的制造方法是将未硫化的或热塑性橡胶板与纤维进行层压;或是用橡胶浆浸渍纤维,之后胶凝;或是在混合过程中,将非常短的纤维混入橡胶混合物中。
采用上述前两种方法制成的板不能轻易地形成复合型,而第三种方法由于在混合过程中,短纤维的长度得到进一步地粉碎,使得制成的板的强化不显著。
本发明的目的之一是提供一种合成纤维和橡胶或橡胶类材料,用在纤维强化物品的压制过程中,这种材料克服或是减少了上述公知方法和材料的缺点。
按照本发明,一种可透气的板状结构,以重量计算,包括5%~50%的强化纤维和50%~95%的完全或大体上未固结的粒状非交联弹性材料,强化纤维的长度大约为5~50毫米,在该结构中纤维和弹性化合物粘结成可透气的结构。然后,可透气结构可任意地固结。这种结构可取得有益的效果,如:当强化纤维重量为6%时,将强化纤维板与非强化板相比较,其扯裂强度为非强化板的两倍。
纤维最好是单个离散的纤维,因此,当使用玻璃纤维时,如果所接收来的玻璃纤维是呈切断的纤维束形式,那么在结构形成以前,要将纤维束分解成单个纤维。
其它的强化纤维可以从所属技术领域普通技术人员所公知的强化纤维的大范围内选择,用以增加益处,例如尼龙,聚酯,粘胶以及纤维,比如象以Kevlar和Nomex商标出售的芳酰胺纤维。出于经济的目的或是为了赋予某种特性,在板中可加入填充剂。
可采用的粒状非交联弹性材料包括天然橡胶、合成橡胶如腈橡胶、丁苯橡胶和同样也是热塑性的弹性体,如苯乙稀嵌段共聚物、聚烯配料、多聚氨酯橡胶和共聚多酯。
利用弹性材料所具有的热特性,可以实现粘结。当结构被充分加热时,将引起弹性化合物表面至邻近的微粒和纤维熔融。当然,必须注意,要确保加热条件不引起弹性材料的热分解或是橡胶的硫化作用。
另一种方法是,在结构的制造过程中,可以加入对弹性材料隋性的粘结剂,以实现粘结。实现粘结时的温度低于导致结构中的弹性材料固结的温度的任何粘结剂均可使用。适用的粘合剂包括羧甲基纤维素和淀粉。
单个的纤维不能短于5毫米,因为对于最终压制的发明产品,短纤维不能充分地强化物品。但是纤维也不能长于50毫米,因为在纤维结构的最佳制造过程中,长纤维不易处理。
玻璃纤维的直径最好是小于或等于13微米,直径大于13微米的玻璃纤维将不能在压制后有效地强化塑性基体,虽然纺织纤维并没有这样的限制。
弹性材料最好是呈微粒的形式。尽管不需要过分细的粉末,但是粗于约1.5毫米的如粗砂或细稻谷那样的微粒是不能令人满意的,因为这样粗的微粒在压制过程中不能充分地流动以产生均匀的结构。
由于结构是可渗透的,因此它能够由热风渗透来预热。在某种意义上,这项技术使得整个结构有可能快速均匀地加热,但不能获得层压纤维和橡胶板。
最好是控制粘结量来粘合化合物,同时仍然保持足够的柔软性以使该结构能被卷绕。在卷绕的状态下,在连续地预加热和模压过程中,它可以被模塑机快速地传送。另一方面,为达到最小的材料浪费,可将成型件从该结构板上切割、压制或冲压下来,并将其送到呈某种形状的模具I中,使压制的物品具有最少的溢料,这些溢料可被去除和清除掉。剩余的材料可以通过成型加工而重复使用,所以不论是纤维结构的模塑者还是制造者都将不会面临着需要处理废料的问题。
如果使用橡胶,那么如果需要的话可以在模塑后将其硫化。
换言之,粘结量可以是这样,即:生产一种刚性的、但仍可透气的板,这样将能满足压制机的要求。这是靠调节弹性的熔融量,或是调节粘合剂的量来实现的,弹性体也是热塑性物质,粘合剂是为获得所需效果而施加的。调节取决于所使用的弹性体或粘结剂的种类。
另一方面,本发明提供了一个制造可渗透的板状纤维结构的加工方法。该方法包括形成一块坯料,它具有5%~50%重量的、长度为5~50毫米的单个纤维,50%~95%重量的、完全或大体上未固结的粒状非交联弹性材料,然后处理坯料,使得纤维和弹性材料粘结在一起。
坯料的形成最好采用如英国专利1129757和1329409所述的加工方法,这两篇文献涉及到造纸机械中制造纤维板的方法。这种加工方法使板中的单个纤维分布非常均匀,即使这些纤维比那些能用普通的造纸机械来加工的纤维长得多。
当然,形成坯料的其它技术在某种情况下也能使用。例如,结构的形成可采用很低稠度的纤维和弹性粉末以及粘合剂的分散相,采用向上倾斜网(uphill wire)的造纸机来形成结构板。换言之,可借助于Rotiformer(商标)形成坯。
形成纤维和弹性粉末的坯料也可以采用英国专利,专利号为1424682所描述的干敷设的技术来实现。在这种情况下,当坯料形成后,可采用喷雾的方式将粘合剂喷到坯料上,或是将坯料浸入粘合剂中,再将坯料取出。
当然,在坯料形成后,采用下述方式加以处理:施加粘合剂或是在坯料包含热塑性弹性体的情况下进行加热,以实现粘结,而坯料中的弹性微粒基本上没有固结。稍加检测可以确保所生成的结构具有恒定厚度。当然压力和温度必须小于压实坯料时的压力和温度。
在仅仅准备给用户加工固结板,并且纤维结构的弹性含量全部为热塑性的弹性材料时,可将该结构切割成所需要的长度之后,在压力作用下,将其加热和冷却以实现固结。
参照附图,本发明将得到进一步地描述:
图1是按照本发明的纤维结构的部分横断面图;
图2是图1所示的纤维结构的局部放大视图;
图3是实现本发明最佳加工方法的设备的侧视图;
图4是实现附加的加工步骤的设备的侧视图。
首先参照图1和图2,其示出了未压实的纤维结构,它包括纤维1,由粘合剂将纤维1在它们的交叉点2上粘结在一起,以便形成骨架结构,在该骨架结构的空隙内弹性微粒状材料3也由粘合剂粘信住。
这种纤维一般是长为12毫米、直径为11微米的玻璃纤维,粘合剂是淀粉,弹性材料是粒状弹性体。
参照图3,其示出了按照本发明最佳方法制造纤维结构的设备10。长网型造纸机的湿端包括一个带分散液12的网前箱11,分散液12由发泡含水介质中的玻璃纤维和粒状弹性粒子组成。可适用的发泡剂是由在水中浓度为0.8%的十二烷基苯磺酸钠组成
借助于吸水箱16,在长网13上脱水后,形成由内部分散有弹性微粒的游离的玻璃纤维坯料。坯料17从长网线13上小心地传送到由辊子19张紧的一条短的循环线网带18上。网带18在喷雾器20的下方运载坯料17,喷雾器20施加液态粘合剂,借助于公知设计的幕帘式涂布机来供给粘合剂。然后,坯料17被传送到绕着辊子22张紧的不锈钢循环输送带21上,输送带21使坯料通过干燥孔道23。这样,多余的水分被去掉,粘合剂将纤维粘结在一起。在干燥孔道的端部,坯料17经过一对辊子24,辊子24的作用是控制和测量最终纤维结构厚度,而不施加压力。之后,将最终得到的板材沿着箭头25的方向取出并卷绕。
用于固结由上述方法生产的材料的装置如图4所示,当弹性化合物也是热塑性物质时可以使用该装置。图4示出了一个连续的钢带型的热压机(Sandik输送有限公司生产)。该压机用于固结直接从辊子24上接收来的材料或是用于固结已被卷绕了的尚未固结的材料。图4中压机用30表示,一对循环传送钢带31每个都由一对旋转滚轮32和33支撑。一对带子31之间分开的距离从入口34到出口35逐渐减小,并形成了一个通道,将坯料(未示出)从右向左输送通过该通道。滚轮32和33之间具有六个辊链36a、36b和36c,它们邻近带子31成对地排列于通道的相对侧。低部的链36a、36b和36c被紧固住,而上部的链36a、36b、和36c被相应地安装并连接到液压柱塞37上。由此可见,每对链36a、36b和36c用于引导和保持带31在适当位置,并且当坯料被传送通过通道时,每对链36a、36b和36c也用于固结坯料。在链36b和36c之间,有两个设置在通道相对侧、邻近带31的压轧辊38,低辊由液压千斤顶39支撑。这些辊38进一步有助于坯料的固结。在链组36a和36b内有加热台板40a和40b,它们加热带31并依次加热坯料,同时在链36c内设置有冷却台板40c。
通过下面的例子本发明进一步的优点将更加显而易见。
例1
两块板分别是由如英国专利,专利号为1129757和1329409所述的使用泡沫浮选晶粒(Denver设备公司制造)的方法制得,两篇文献中所述的泡沫分散液是由7立升水和15立方厘米发泡剂(十二烷基苯硫酸钠)和下列材料的组成,大约操纵晶粒1分钟,即生成大约含67%空气的分散液。
加入到分散液中的材料是:
100克长为12毫米、直径为11微米的单个玻璃纤维,
288克具有热塑性特点并以Du Pont的HYTREL 5556商标出售的聚脂弹性体,
9克以IRGAFOS 168商标出售的抗氧剂,
3克以NORGUARD 445商标出售的抗氧剂,
在施加到泡沫浮选晶粒中之前,将抗氧剂与聚酯弹性体在食品混合器中混合。
将泡沫分散液传送到标准的实验制板设备上并排水,然后将生成的坯料在110℃温度下,在热炉内干燥4小时。
然后,把用上述方法生成的两块坯料一起放置在热台板压机的聚四氟乙烯清洁合板之间,热台板压机带有设置在坯料之间的热电偶。然后加压直到温度达到220℃。之后稍微减小压力,直到弹性体在台板之间开始微微地流动。接着,去热并冷却压机。冷却后,从压机上拿下所形成的两层板并对其进行检测。
例2重复例1的生产步骤,但形成三层板,三层板的组分如下:
1、100克长的12毫米、直径为11微米的单个玻璃纤维;
2、240克以通用电器公司(Ceneral Electric Co)的VALOX 315商标出售的热塑性聚酯;
3、58克具有热塑性特点、以Du Pont 的HYTREL5556商标出售的聚酯弹性体;
1克以IRGAFOS 68商标出售的抗氧剂:
1克以NCRGUARO 445商标出售的抗氧剂。
在施加到泡沫浮选晶粒中之前,将抗氧剂与聚酯弹性体在食品混合器内混合。
例3
重复例1的生产步骤,但是3.3担尼尔、12毫米长的聚酯纤维代替玻璃纤维。
由例1、2和3生产的样品的试验结果见表1。
在下面的例子中,继续采用例1的加工工艺,但是压机温度为200℃,其它的变化如下所述。
例4
所形成的两层板,每层都包含下列物质替代在例1中给定的组分。
1、50克1.7担尼尔、12毫米长的聚酯纤维;
2、150克具有热塑性特点、以ALCRYN R 1201-60A商标出售的卤化聚烯弹性体。
例5
由例4所述的方法形成两层板,但100克ALCRYN 由供给到每层的100克聚丙烯替代。
例6
两层板由例1中的方法形成,但第一层由150克聚丙烯粉末代替HYTREL,第二层由150克ALCRYN代替HYTREL。
对由例4、5和6所生成的板进行试验,试验和结果见表2。
例7
使用例1所述的设备和一般的加工工艺制成的板包括一个具有各种不同的粉末状热塑性弹性体的强化纤维范围,详细的内容和结果见表3。
例8
使用例1所述的设备和一般的加工工艺制成的板,包括粉状橡胶中的强化纤维。在橡胶成粉末之前,已经先将橡胶与专有的硫化的/起延迟作用的纯胶混合,这些板的详细内容和结果见表4。
表1 强化纤维Hytrel的物理特性
冲击试验
例 | 成分 | 弯曲模数MPA | 峰值弯曲强度MPA | 峰值能量J | 断裂能量J | 峰值力N | 抗拉强度极限带切口的 带切口的MPA MPA | 断裂延延伸率% |
1 | 25%重量的玻璃纤维75%重量的Hytrel | 2830(440) | 77(5.3) | 2.1 | 0.3 | 1030 | 61(5.1) 70(3.9) | 3.4(0.1) |
2 | 25%重量的玻璃纤维60%重量的Valox31515%重量的Hytrel | 4780(300) | 142(79) | 3.1 | 8.1 | 980 | 86(8.5) 125(38) | 3.7(1.3) |
3 | 25%重量的聚脂纤维75%重量的Hytrel | 13 | 19 | 2930 | 47(4.4) 55(4.4) | 43(7.8) |
标准偏差写在数字后的括号内,可加以参考。
表2
例 | 弯曲模量MPa | 冲击试验 | 极限抗拉强度 | 断裂延伸率% | 扯裂强度N | 弹性模量MPa | ||||
峰值能量J | 断裂能量J | 最大力N | 有切口MPa | 无切口MPa | ||||||
5 | 2820 | 3.8 | 15.4 | 1550 | ||||||
6A6B | Alcryn面朝上(side up)聚丙烯面朝上(side up) | 15401590 | 5.95.1 | 18.413.2 | 1560149 | |||||
4 | 16 | 15 | 6 | 86 | 570 |
表3 固结后的强化纤维的热塑性弹性板
热塑性弹性体 | Santoprene 201-55 | Alcryn R1201 | Desmopan 786 | Desmopan 150 | |||||
强化纤维 | 无 | 5%Vol6mmKevlar | 1.0%Vol18mm,1.7dt聚脂 | 无 | 16%Vol6mm,3d尼龙 | 无 | 5%Vol6mmKevlar | 无 | 10%Vol13mm,11μ玻璃纤维 |
板的克重(g/m) | - | 1607 | 1233 | - | 1847 | - | 1746 | - | 1754 |
DIN扯裂强度(N/mm) | 7 | 29 | 15 | 15 | 78 | 55 | 114 | 102 | 163 |
抗拉强度(MPa) | 4.2 | 4.0 | 2.3 | 8 | 13 | 9 | 33 | 15 | 28 |
断裂伸度(%) | 430 | 292 | 180 | 568 | 39 | 450 | 12 | 400 | 15 |
回跳硬度(A)(D) | 559 | -- | 8319 | 5512 | 8330 | -- | -- | 9653 | 9660 |
Santoprene - Monsanto 生产的“热塑性橡胶”
Alcryn - Dupont 生产的热塑性聚烯弹性体
Desmopan - Bayer 生产的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体
表4
固结和硫化后的强化纤维橡胶板
橡胶类型 | 自然橡胶 | 丁苯橡胶 | ||||
强化纤维 | 无 | 10%Vol10mm,3d尼龙 | 4.5%Vol13mm,11μ玻璃纤维 | 无 | 10%Vol10mm,3d尼龙 | 4.5%Vol13mm,11μ玻璃纤维 |
平均抗拉强度(MPa)平均断裂伸度(%) | 6.6733 | 13.236 | 10.08 | 3.0740 | 14.736 | 9.04 |
Claims (8)
1.一种可模制而又透气的板状纤维结构的制造方法,该方法包括制备一种泡沫水分散液,其中含长度为5-50毫米的5-50%(重量)的单个分散的增强纤维和50-95%(重量)的完全或基本上未固结的粒径小于1.5毫米的非交联的粒状弹性材料,展开并在一台长网造纸机上***泡沫水分散液以形成纤维网膜和颗粒材料,经加热或用粘合剂处理该网膜使粒状弹性材料和纤维粘结在一起并保持分离颗粒的形式或颗粒与纤维和/或所得板状结构中的其它颗粒粘结在一起,所说的弹性材料是热塑性合成树脂材料或与独有的延迟硫化作用的硫化剂化合的粉末状橡胶。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中颗粒状弹性材料是天然橡胶,合成橡胶或丁苯橡胶。
3.权利要求1的方法,其中弹性材料是苯乙烯嵌段共聚物,聚烯烃共混物,聚氨酯和共聚酯。
4.权利要求1的方法,其中采用空气加热以提供粘结。
5.权利要求1的方法,其中的粘合剂是羧甲基纤维素或淀粉。
6.权利要求1的方法,其中纤维的直径不大于13微米。
7.权利要求1的方法,其中的板材继续加热并模制成预定形状。
8.权利要求1-7的任一方法,其中包括加热纤维结构并在压力下冷却至固结。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB8705954 | 1987-03-13 | ||
GB878705954A GB8705954D0 (en) | 1987-03-13 | 1987-03-13 | Plastics structures |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN88101863A CN88101863A (zh) | 1988-10-26 |
CN1040187C true CN1040187C (zh) | 1998-10-14 |
Family
ID=10613879
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN88101863A Expired - Lifetime CN1040187C (zh) | 1987-03-13 | 1988-03-12 | 纤维强化塑料结构的改进 |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4981636A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0283195B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2655161B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR950004159B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1040187C (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE105347T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU615178B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR8801097A (zh) |
DE (1) | DE3889368T2 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2051832T3 (zh) |
FI (1) | FI96515C (zh) |
GB (1) | GB8705954D0 (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA881687B (zh) |
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GB8818425D0 (en) * | 1988-08-03 | 1988-09-07 | Wiggins Teape Group Ltd | Plastics material |
AU1739301A (en) * | 1999-11-01 | 2001-05-14 | Leopack B.V. | Moulded fibre products comprising modified starch and process for producing the same |
DE10206127A1 (de) * | 2002-02-14 | 2003-09-04 | Wacker Polymer Systems Gmbh | Verfahren zur Kaltverpressung von partikulären Materialien |
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US8007893B2 (en) * | 2003-03-31 | 2011-08-30 | Ocv Intellectual Capital, Llc | Reinforcement structures and processes for manufacturing same |
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-
1987
- 1987-03-13 GB GB878705954A patent/GB8705954D0/en active Pending
-
1988
- 1988-03-09 DE DE3889368T patent/DE3889368T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-03-09 EP EP88302020A patent/EP0283195B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-03-09 ZA ZA881687A patent/ZA881687B/xx unknown
- 1988-03-09 FI FI881098A patent/FI96515C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-03-09 AT AT8888302020T patent/ATE105347T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-03-09 ES ES88302020T patent/ES2051832T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-03-10 AU AU12863/88A patent/AU615178B2/en not_active Expired
- 1988-03-11 US US07/167,100 patent/US4981636A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-03-11 KR KR1019880002566A patent/KR950004159B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-03-11 BR BR8801097A patent/BR8801097A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-03-12 JP JP63059215A patent/JP2655161B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-03-12 CN CN88101863A patent/CN1040187C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR950004159B1 (ko) | 1995-04-27 |
JP2655161B2 (ja) | 1997-09-17 |
FI881098A (fi) | 1988-09-14 |
ES2051832T3 (es) | 1994-07-01 |
DE3889368T2 (de) | 1994-09-08 |
FI96515B (fi) | 1996-03-29 |
BR8801097A (pt) | 1988-10-18 |
EP0283195B1 (en) | 1994-05-04 |
US4981636A (en) | 1991-01-01 |
FI881098A0 (fi) | 1988-03-09 |
ATE105347T1 (de) | 1994-05-15 |
FI96515C (fi) | 1996-07-10 |
CN88101863A (zh) | 1988-10-26 |
GB8705954D0 (en) | 1987-04-15 |
ZA881687B (en) | 1989-02-22 |
JPS63264959A (ja) | 1988-11-01 |
KR880011392A (ko) | 1988-10-28 |
AU615178B2 (en) | 1991-09-26 |
EP0283195A1 (en) | 1988-09-21 |
DE3889368D1 (de) | 1994-06-09 |
AU1286388A (en) | 1988-09-15 |
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