CN104018086B - A kind of alloy material for gear - Google Patents
A kind of alloy material for gear Download PDFInfo
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- CN104018086B CN104018086B CN201410280546.7A CN201410280546A CN104018086B CN 104018086 B CN104018086 B CN 104018086B CN 201410280546 A CN201410280546 A CN 201410280546A CN 104018086 B CN104018086 B CN 104018086B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of high strength alloy.The component of described alloy and mass percent thereof are: the Cr of 1.0 ~ 1.5%, the Mo of 0.11 ~ 0.15%, the Zn of 5.0% ~ 13.0%, the Y of 7.0% ~ 15.0%, the Zr of 0.4 ~ 1.0%, and the Nb of 0.1 ~ 5.0%, Fe are surplus.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metallic substance and metallurgical technology field, be specifically related to a kind of high strength alloy and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
The traditional mode of production operation of automobile transmission gear comprises forge hot or the cold forging of material; Cooling (cooling under air cooling or room temperature); Thermal treatment (ISO annealing or normalizing) before processing; Machining (car or milling); Carburizing thermal treatment; Aftertreatment technology (grinding, honing).Cr alloy, Cr-Mo alloy and Ni-Cr-Mo steel alloy are widely used in the production of automobile transmission gear.Because the alloy steel material that major part is used as automobile transmission gear all uses after carburizing thermal treatment, so preferably select to be applicable to the alloy steel material of each operation, it is with low cost and can keep good physical behavior after heat treatment.That is, the alloy steel material of preferred automobile transmission gear has good forging property, machinability, physicals (such as, tired and impact property), and is easy to the production cost of acceptance.Such as, No. Hei9-201644, Japanese patent application and No. Hei4-88148 disclose a kind of Cr steel alloy and Cr-Mo steel alloy of economy, but due to tired and impact property is poor, mainly for the manufacture of the gear not carrying high-load.
On the other hand, although Ni-Cr-Mo steel alloy has obvious defect, the remarkable cost that the use of such as nickel brings improves and processing difficulties, and it is tired and impact property is very outstanding.Therefore, Ni-Cr-Mo alloy is widely used for producing the gear (Japanese Patent No.Hei9-296250 and Japanese Patent No.Sho63-235452) bearing relative high-load.Because the price of nickel is relatively low in Asia with Europe ratio in North America, the Engine Company in North America and Europe has used Ni-Cr-Mo steel alloy to produce automobile gear and axle.In the converted steel producing gear, molybdenum or nickel improve hardness, intensity and toughness as the alloying element added.But the price of nickel is high, and cause producing many problems owing to increasing the toughness of steel undeservedly when adding in steel.Such as, the machinability of nickel is poor, and the smooth finish of infringement tooth surface, reduces the work-ing life of machining tool and reduce productivity.
Therefore, need research and development a kind ofly to have outstanding hardness and machinability, economically feasible, and the chrome-moly steel of Ni-Cr-Mo steel alloy can be substituted.
Therefore, this two large system alloy is widely used in load assembly and is restricted.And want to put forward heavy alloyed intensity and by adding particle or fiber reinforcement improve alloy strength mutually, also can improve alloy by the preparation method that strong plastic deformation or powder metallurgy etc. are complicated slight.But above-mentioned two kinds of methods all cannot prepare large size alloy junction component, therefore its application is restricted.Adding the method that alloying element reinforced alloys is a kind of simple efficient and cost-effective practicality improving alloy strength, in high strength alloy performance history, improving the most general of intensity use by adding a large amount of alloying elements at present.In the various alloying elements improving alloy property, during multiple rare earth element conbined usage, strengthening effect is best.At present, the exploitation of high strength alloy is generally containing two kinds and two or more rare earth element.In addition, rare earth element has purification, degasification and deslagging effect in casting alloy, effectively can reduce the impact of gas, oxide compound and harmful element.Simultaneously, part rare earth element can refining alloy tissue or solid solution diffusion in intrinsic silicon with the mechanical property of reinforced alloys, rare earth compound can also be formed in a metal, these compounds produce segregation at the grain boundaries of alloy substrate, and then add dislocation desity, increase lattice distortion degree, thus reach the object of strengthening.Although adding of a large amount of rare earth element can put forward heavy alloyed intensity greatly, the consequent is that alloy material price comparison is high, and high rare earth alloy is widely applied and is restricted.Therefore exploitation has great importance without rare earth or containing the high strength alloy of a small amount of rare earth element.
Summary of the invention
For prior art Problems existing, the invention provides a kind of high strength alloy and preparation method thereof, this processing method cost is low and simple and easy to do, and the alloy of acquisition has higher intensity, makes this type of alloy have the mechanical property more superior than traditional commerce alloy.
A kind of high strength alloy provided by the invention, each component and mass percent thereof are: the Cr of 1.0 ~ 1.5%, the Mo of 0.11 ~ 0.15%, the Zn of 5.0% ~ 13.0%, the Y of 7.0% ~ 15.0%, the Zr of 0.4 ~ 1.0%, and the Nb of 0.1 ~ 5.0%, Fe are surplus.
The preparation method of a kind of high strength alloy provided by the invention, it mainly comprises following step:
(1) Fe, Cr, Mo, Zn, Y, Nb and Zr are pressed ingredient composition according to claim 1, wherein Fe, Cr, Mo and Zn add with the form of technical pure Fe, pure Cr, pure Mo and pure Zn, and Y, Nb and Zr add with the form of Fe-25 (or 50) wt.%Y, Zn-30wt.%Nb and Fe-30wt.%Zr master alloy respectively;
(2) (1) Raw in claim 1 is placed in baking oven respectively and carries out preheating, preheating temperature is 150 ~ 200 DEG C, and warm up time is 2 ~ 3h;
(3) smelting furnace is warming up to 1000 ~ 1100 DEG C, pure Fe and the Fe-Y master alloy of preheating is put into smelting furnace melt, need in melting process to pass into shielding gas and insulating covering agent, after above-mentioned raw materials all melts, adopt agitator alloy liquid to stir 5 ~ 10min and make its Homogeneous phase mixing, then remove the slag on aluminium alloy surface;
(4) add metal M o by above-mentioned aluminium alloy, stir after master alloy melts completely, add Fe-Zr and Zn-Nb master alloy in batches after aluminium alloy is warming up to 1100 ~ 1200 DEG C further, and fully stir; Aluminium alloy temperature is down to 720 ~ 740 DEG C and adds pure Cr and pure Zn, after pure Cr and pure Zn melts completely; Adopt Ar gas and solvent alloy liquid to carry out refining treatment, melt is cast through stirring and leaving standstill 30 ~ 60min 700 ~ 720 DEG C of insulations after skimming;
(5) by the ingot blank of casting, the resistance-type process furnace put into recirculating air carries out two-step homogenization process, and Homogenization Treatments system is: after 350 ~ 400 DEG C of insulation 5 ~ 8h, be warming up to 500 ~ 530 DEG C of insulation 10 ~ 15h;
(6) ingot blank after homogenizing is carried out surperficial turning, ingot blank diameter and length are worked into and match with extrusion machine internal diameter of the container and length; The ingot blank processed is put into process furnace and is heated to 340 ~ 420 DEG C, insulation 5 ~ 10h;
(7) container ingot blank heated being put into prior preheating extrudes, and extrusion speed is 1.0 ~ 5.0m/min, and container preheating temperature is 320 ~ 400 DEG C, and extrusion ratio is 10 ~ 50:1, obtains extruded bars;
(8) extruded bars of acquisition is carried out two-stage time effect process, its process system is: after 120 ~ 160 DEG C of insulation 3 ~ 8h, be warming up to 180 ~ 220 DEG C of insulation 30 ~ 80h, air cooling, obtained high-strength alloy material.
Described casting adopts the cunning continuous casing of low frequency electromagnetic.
Described shielding gas is SF
6+ CO
2+ Ar mixed gas, SF
6: CO
2: Ar volume ratio is 0.5:40:50.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) high strength alloy of the present invention rare earth element compared with other high strength alloys is less, and raw materials is easy to obtain, and cost is low, and cost performance is high, is easy to scale operation.
(2) present invention process is simple, and equipment used is conventional general-purpose equipment, is easy to transplant and operation, and cost is low, obviously can improve the low problem of alloy strength, can solve alloy limits its an application difficult problem because intensity is low, also can expand the Application Areas of alloy.
(3) Alloy At Room Temperature tensile property provided by the invention is: tensile strength Rm is 1910 ~ 2050MPa, yield strength Rp0.2 is 1750 ~ 1880MPa.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below by embodiment.It should be understood that embodiments of the invention are for illustration of the present invention instead of limitation of the present invention.Essence according to the present invention all belongs to the scope of protection of present invention to the simple modifications that the present invention carries out.
In the present embodiment, Fe, Cr, Mo and Zn add with steel ingot (99.95%), chromium ingot (99.99%), molybdenum ingot (99.99%) and zinc ingot metal (99.95%) respectively, Y, Nb and Zr all adopt the form of master alloy to add, and each master alloy composition massfraction is respectively: Fe-25 (or 50) %Y, Zn-30%Nb and Fe-30%Zr.
Shielding gas used in alloy casting process in the present embodiment is SF
6+ CO
2+ Ar mixed gas, SF
6: CO
2: Ar volume ratio is 0.5:40:50.
According to the standard of GB GB/T228-2002, room-temperature mechanical property test is carried out to the various alloy material of the present embodiment gained.
embodiment 1:
The composition (mass percent) of alloy is: Cr content is 1.0%, Mo content be 0.12%, Zn content be 7.0%, Y content be 15.0%, Zr content be 0.8%, Nb content be 1.2%, Fe is surplus.Insulating covering agent each component used in alloy melting process in the present embodiment and weight part thereof are 4 grams of sulphur, 225 grams of diatomite, 200 grams of boric acid, silicon sol 71 grams, and insulating covering agent accounts for 1.0% of alloy melt gross weight; Refining agent each component and mass percent thereof are 750 grams of CaCl
2, 1350 grams of KCl, 150 grams of CaF
2, 750 grams of BaCl
2mixture, refining agent accounts for 6.0% of alloy melt gross weight.
Weigh up the corresponding ingot metal of total amount 50Kg and master alloy by mentioned component, and load weighted ingot metal and master alloy to be put into temperature be the preheating that 200 DEG C of baking ovens carry out 3h;
First preheated steel ingot and Fe-25 (or 50) %Y master alloy being put into preheating temperature is that the smelting furnace of 1000 DEG C melts, need in melting process to pass into shielding gas and insulating covering agent, after above-mentioned raw materials fusing, adopt agitator alloy liquid to stir 10min, remove the slag on aluminium alloy surface and spread insulating covering agent protected in its surface;
In the melt in smelting furnace, add metal M o, stir after master alloy melts completely, add Fe-Zr and Zn-Nb master alloy in batches after aluminium alloy is warming up to 1200 DEG C further, and fully stir; Aluminium alloy temperature is down to 720 DEG C and adds pure Cr and pure Zn, after pure Cr and pure Zn melts completely, Ar gas and solvent alloy liquid is adopted to carry out refining treatment, melt carries out the cunning continuous casting of low frequency electromagnetic through stirring and leaving standstill 50min 700 DEG C of insulations after skimming, protected with shielding gas in castingprocesses, obtained the ingot blank that diameter is 200mm;
By the ingot blank of preparation, the resistance-type process furnace put into recirculating air carries out two-step homogenization process, and Homogenization Treatments system is: after 380 DEG C of insulation 6h, be warming up to 530 DEG C of insulation 15h;
Ingot blank after homogenizing is carried out surperficial turning, and the ingot blank added by car is put into process furnace and is heated to 400 DEG C of insulation 10h and puts into indirect extrusion machine and extrude, and container temperature is 380 DEG C, and extrusion ratio is 50:1, and extrusion speed is 1.5m/min.Carry out two-stage time effect process to the bar that extruding obtains, its process system is: after 160 DEG C of insulation 3h, be warming up to 220 DEG C of insulation 30h, air cooling.Be processed into standard tensile specimen to the bar of above-mentioned preparation according to national standard, Instron8032 drawing machine carries out room temperature tensile, draw speed is 2mm/min.
Alloy that the present embodiment obtains records gained alloy through X diffraction experiment and belongs to hexagonal system, and unit cell parameters is a=322.87pm, b=320.65pm, c=515.81pm, α=90 °, β=90 °, γ=120 °.
The present embodiment obtains Alloy At Room Temperature tensile property: tensile strength Rm is 2050MPa, and yield strength Rp0.2 is 1860MPa.
embodiment 2:
The composition (mass percent) of alloy is: Cr content is 1.0%, Mo content be 0.11%, Zn content be 13.0%, Y content be 7.0%, Zr content be 1.0%, Nb content be 2.0%, Fe is surplus.Insulating covering agent each component used in alloy melting process in the present embodiment and weight part thereof are 7.5 grams of sulphur, 450 grams of diatomite, 225 grams of boric acid, aluminum phosphate 67.5 grams, and insulating covering agent accounts for 1.5% of alloy melt gross weight; Refining agent each component and mass percent thereof are 750 grams of CaCl
2, 1000 grams of KCl, 125 grams of CaF
2, 625 grams of BaCl
2mixture, refining agent accounts for 5.0% of alloy melt gross weight.
Weigh up the corresponding ingot metal of total amount 50Kg and master alloy by mentioned component, and load weighted ingot metal and master alloy to be put into temperature be the preheating that 180 DEG C of baking ovens carry out 2.5h;
First preheated steel ingot and Fe-25 (or 50) %Y master alloy being put into preheating temperature is that the smelting furnace of 1100 DEG C melts, need in melting process to pass into shielding gas and insulating covering agent, after above-mentioned raw materials fusing, adopt agitator alloy liquid to stir 8min, remove the slag on aluminium alloy surface and spread insulating covering agent protected in its surface;
In the melt in smelting furnace, add metal M o, stir after master alloy melts completely, add Fe-Zr and Zn-Nb master alloy in batches after aluminium alloy is warming up to 1200 DEG C further, and fully stir; Aluminium alloy temperature is down to 730 DEG C and adds pure Cr and pure Zn, after pure Cr and pure Zn melts completely, Ar gas and solvent alloy liquid is adopted to carry out refining treatment, melt carries out the cunning continuous casting of low frequency electromagnetic through stirring and leaving standstill 60min 710 DEG C of insulations after skimming, protected with shielding gas in castingprocesses, obtained the ingot blank that diameter is 165mm;
By the ingot blank of preparation, the resistance-type process furnace put into recirculating air carries out two-step homogenization process, and Homogenization Treatments system is: after 400 DEG C of insulation 5h, be warming up to 520 DEG C of insulation 15h;
Ingot blank after homogenizing is carried out surperficial turning, and the ingot blank added by car is put into process furnace and is heated to 420 DEG C of insulation 8h and puts into indirect extrusion machine and extrude, and container temperature is 400 DEG C, and extrusion ratio is 20:1, and extrusion speed is 5m/min.Carry out two-stage time effect process to the bar that extruding obtains, its process system is: after 120 DEG C of insulation 8h, be warming up to 200 DEG C of insulation 80h, air cooling.Be processed into standard tensile specimen to the bar of above-mentioned preparation according to national standard, Instron8032 drawing machine carries out room temperature tensile, draw speed is 2mm/min.
Alloy that the present embodiment obtains records gained alloy through X diffraction experiment and belongs to hexagonal system, and unit cell parameters is a=336.26pm, b=336.23pm, c=495.61pm, α=90 °, β=90 °, γ=120 °.
The present embodiment obtains Alloy At Room Temperature tensile property: tensile strength Rm is 2035MPa, and yield strength Rp0.2 is 1880MPa.
embodiment 3:
The composition (mass percent) of alloy is: Cr content is 1.4%, Mo content be 0.14%, Zn content be 7.0%, Y content be 11.0%, Zr content be 0.4%, Nb content be 0.3%, Fe is surplus.Insulating covering agent each component used in alloy melting process in the present embodiment and weight part thereof are 14 grams of sulphur, 840 grams of diatomite, 420 grams of boric acid, silicon sol 126 grams, and insulating covering agent accounts for 2.0% of alloy melt gross weight; Refining agent each component and mass percent thereof are 1400 grams of CaCl
2, 2520 grams of KCl, 280 grams of CaF
2, 1400 grams of BaCl
2mixture, refining agent accounts for 8.0% of alloy melt gross weight.
Weigh up the corresponding ingot metal of total amount 70Kg and master alloy by mentioned component, and load weighted ingot metal and master alloy to be put into temperature be the preheating that 150 DEG C of baking ovens carry out 3h;
First preheated steel ingot and Fe-25 (or 50) %Y master alloy being put into preheating temperature is that the smelting furnace of 1080 DEG C melts, need in melting process to pass into shielding gas and insulating covering agent, after above-mentioned raw materials fusing, adopt agitator alloy liquid to stir 8min, remove the slag on aluminium alloy surface and spread insulating covering agent protected in its surface;
In the melt in smelting furnace, add metal M o, stir after master alloy melts completely, add Fe-Zr and Zn-Nb master alloy in batches after aluminium alloy is warming up to 1200 DEG C further, and fully stir; Aluminium alloy temperature is down to 720 DEG C and adds pure Cr and pure Zn, after pure Cr and pure Zn melts completely, Ar gas and solvent alloy liquid is adopted to carry out refining treatment, melt carries out the cunning continuous casting of low frequency electromagnetic through stirring and leaving standstill 30min 720 DEG C of insulations after skimming, protected with shielding gas in castingprocesses, obtained the ingot blank that diameter is 300mm;
By the ingot blank of preparation, the resistance-type process furnace put into recirculating air carries out two-step homogenization process, and Homogenization Treatments system is: after 300 DEG C of insulation 8h, be warming up to 500 DEG C of insulation 15h;
Ingot blank after homogenizing is carried out surperficial turning, and the ingot blank added by car is put into process furnace and is heated to 420 DEG C of insulation 8h and puts into indirect extrusion machine and extrude, and container temperature is 400 DEG C, and extrusion ratio is 20:1, and extrusion speed is 3m/min.Carry out two-stage time effect process to the bar that extruding obtains, its process system is: after 120 DEG C of insulation 8h, be warming up to 200 DEG C of insulation 80h, air cooling.Be processed into standard tensile specimen to the bar of above-mentioned preparation according to national standard, Instron8032 drawing machine carries out room temperature tensile, draw speed is 2mm/min.
The present embodiment obtains Alloy At Room Temperature tensile property: tensile strength Rm is 1960MPa, and yield strength Rp0.2 is 1790MPa.
embodiment 4:
The composition (mass percent) of alloy is: Cr content is 1.4%, Mo content be 0.13%, Zn content be 10.0%, Y content be 13.0%, Zr content be 0.5%, Nb content be 0.6%, Fe is surplus.Insulating covering agent each component used in alloy melting process in the present embodiment and weight part thereof are 45 grams of sulphur, 1650 diatomite, 750 grams of boric acid, silicon sol 255 grams, and insulating covering agent accounts for 2.0% of alloy melt gross weight; Refining agent each component and mass percent thereof are 2835 grams of CaCl
2, 5250 grams of KCl, 315 grams of CaF
2, 2100 grams of BaCl
2mixture, refining agent accounts for 7.0% of alloy melt gross weight.
Weigh up the corresponding ingot metal of total amount 150Kg and master alloy by mentioned component, and load weighted ingot metal and master alloy to be put into temperature be the preheating that 180 DEG C of baking ovens carry out 2h;
First preheated steel ingot and Fe-25 (or 50) %Y master alloy being put into preheating temperature is that the smelting furnace of 1100 DEG C melts, need in melting process to pass into shielding gas and insulating covering agent, after above-mentioned raw materials fusing, adopt agitator alloy liquid to stir 10min, remove the slag on aluminium alloy surface and spread insulating covering agent protected in its surface;
In the melt in smelting furnace, add metal M o, stir after master alloy melts completely, add Fe-Zr and Zn-Nb master alloy in batches after aluminium alloy is warming up to 1200 DEG C further, and fully stir; Aluminium alloy temperature is down to 740 DEG C and adds pure Cr and pure Zn, after pure Cr and pure Zn melts completely, Ar gas and solvent alloy liquid is adopted to carry out refining treatment, melt carries out the cunning continuous casting of low frequency electromagnetic through stirring and leaving standstill 60min 700 DEG C of insulations after skimming, protected with shielding gas in castingprocesses, obtained the ingot blank that diameter is 400mm;
By the ingot blank of preparation, the resistance-type process furnace put into recirculating air carries out two-step homogenization process, and Homogenization Treatments system is: after 350 DEG C of insulation 6h, be warming up to 520 DEG C of insulation 15h;
Ingot blank after homogenizing is carried out surperficial turning, and the ingot blank added by car is put into process furnace and is heated to 420 DEG C of insulation 10h and puts into indirect extrusion machine and extrude, and container temperature is 400 DEG C, and extrusion ratio is 50:1, and extrusion speed is 1m/min.Carry out two-stage time effect process to the bar that extruding obtains, its process system is: after 160 DEG C of insulation 3h, be warming up to 220 DEG C of insulation 50h, air cooling.Be processed into standard tensile specimen to the bar of above-mentioned preparation according to national standard, Instron8032 drawing machine carries out room temperature tensile, draw speed is 2mm/min.
The present embodiment obtains Alloy At Room Temperature tensile property: tensile strength Rm is 1980MPa, and yield strength Rp0.2 is 1830MPa.
Claims (1)
1. a high strength alloy, is characterized in that in alloy, each component and mass percent thereof are: Cr content is 1.0%, Mo content is 0.12%, Zn content is 7.0%, Y content be 15.0%, Zr content is 0.8%, Nb content is 1.2%, Fe is surplus, and unit cell parameters is a=322.87pm, b=320.65pm, c=515.81pm, α=90 °, β=90 °, γ=120 °.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410280546.7A CN104018086B (en) | 2014-06-21 | 2014-06-21 | A kind of alloy material for gear |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410280546.7A CN104018086B (en) | 2014-06-21 | 2014-06-21 | A kind of alloy material for gear |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4204888A (en) * | 1975-05-19 | 1980-05-27 | The Foundation: The Research Institute Of Electric And Magnetic Alloys | High damping capacity alloy |
| JP2769136B2 (en) * | 1995-10-11 | 1998-06-25 | トーア・スチール株式会社 | Low distortion type steel material for carburized hardened gears |
| CN103451566A (en) * | 2013-08-02 | 2013-12-18 | 安徽三联泵业股份有限公司 | High-strength stainless steel material for pump shafts and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN103614614A (en) * | 2013-11-25 | 2014-03-05 | 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司 | Lanthanum-iron alloy for rare earth steel production |
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