CN104016328B - A kind of preparation method of nitrogenous carbon nanotube - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of nitrogenous carbon nanotube Download PDFInfo
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- CN104016328B CN104016328B CN201310064115.2A CN201310064115A CN104016328B CN 104016328 B CN104016328 B CN 104016328B CN 201310064115 A CN201310064115 A CN 201310064115A CN 104016328 B CN104016328 B CN 104016328B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of nitrogenous carbon nanotube and preparation method thereof.Concrete preparation process is as follows: under solvent thermal system, with Zn
2+, Fe
2+for common metal ion, with the organoligand coordination of imidazoles, synthesis imidazoles polymer nanocomposite ball.This ball is mixed (mass ratio of Dicyanodiamide and imidazoles polymer globules is adjustable within the scope of 2.5-20) from the Dicyanodiamide of different amount or by simple imidazoles polymer nanocomposite ball, at N
2atmosphere, carbonization 3-4h under 700 ° of C-900 ° of C, obtains solid material.Then with chloroazotic acid and nitric acid removing Metal Zn, Fe, and then it is adjustable within the scope of 30-800nm to obtain pipe diameter, the N doping multi-walled carbon nano-tubes that N doping amount is adjustable within the scope of 4-12%.The method technique is simple, low for equipment requirements, and power consumption is few, and reaction process is simple and easy to control; The caliber of carbon nanotube is adjustable; Nitrogen in carbon pipe be evenly distributed and content is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to nitrating graphitization nano carbon material and synthetic method thereof, specifically a kind of nitrogenous carbon nanotube and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
The doping of nitrogen is the strong means of one changing carbon material character, and the application of carbon material has been extended to microelectronic industry by catalytic field by it.The carbon nanotube of N doping, as a kind of important nitrating carbon material, causes the extensive concern of people.The carbon nanotube of N doping has good electric transmission effect, and it is at lithium ion battery, field emmision material, support of the catalyst, ultracapacitor, gas sensor, and especially the field such as fuel battery negative pole oxygen reduction reaction eelctro-catalyst has widespread use.At present, the preparation method of nitrogen-doped carbon nanometer pipe is mainly divided into: " CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) method " (CVD), " arc discharge method ", " laser steaming process ", " thermal decomposition method of phthalocyanines complex compound " etc.A kind of wherein the most frequently used method is: " CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) method ", nitrogen-doped carbon nanometer pipe material (the ChemicalPhysicsLetters of a lot of different tube diameters, different nitrogen content has been prepared by the method, 2002, the 359th volume, 115-120 page; Carbon, 1997, the 35th volume, 195-201 page; ChemicalCommunications, 2003, the 20th volume, 2542-2543 page; Carbon, 2004, the 42nd volume, 2625-2633 page; ChemicalPhysicsLetters, 2003, the 380th volume, 347-351 page; ChemicalPhysicsLetters, 2004, the 396th volume, 167-173 page; Carbon, 2009, the 47th volume, 30-37 page; JournalofPhysicalChemistryB, 2005, the 109th volume, 15769-15774 page; NanoscaleResearchLetters, 2009, the 4th volume, 197-203 page; Science, 2009, the 323rd volume, 760-764 page; The patent No.: CN102790224A).The method mainly uses for reference the preparation method of gas-phase growth of carbon fibre, with CH
4, C
2h
2be unstripped gas Deng hydrocarbon gas, and the nitrogenous inorganic or organic molecule such as ammonia, benzylamine, acetonitrile, pyridine is nitrogenous source, pyrolytic decomposition under the effect of the catalyzer such as transition metal Fe, Co, Ni, obtained nitrogen doped carbon nanotube.But the method step is various, high to equipment requirements, security is not high, mainly come from the following aspects: CVD technique is strict to catalyst requirement, the catalyzer such as Fe, Co, Ni need according to suitable proportional load on the carrier with regular duct, and carbon source small molecules used in carbon pipe process of growth is inflammable, and nitrogenous source ammonia etc. has very strong pungency, also needs carbon pipe and catalyst separating after having reacted; " laser evaporization method " utilizes laser beam energy to make carbon target (graphite target) or evaporate containing the Tan Ba localized hyperthermia of catalyzer, form graphite scrap and be rolled into carbon nanotube (ChineseJournalofInorganicChemistry, 2008, the 24th volume, 1237-1241 page); " arc discharge method " is under arc-over, under nitrogen and helium atmosphere, and the graphite be vaporized for catalyst with Ni/Y etc. and obtain nitrogen doped carbon nanotube (Science, the 278th volume, 653-655 page in 1997; MaterialsLetters, 2004, the 58th volume, 2878-2881 page; AsianJournalofChemistry, the 2010,22nd volume, 245-252 page; JournalofNon-CrystallineSolids, 2002, the 299th volume, 874-879 page; PhysicalReviewB, 2007, the 75th volume, the 195429th page; The patent No.: CN101450799); The equipment that " laser evaporization method " and " arc discharge method " prepares carbon nanotube is very complicated, expensive, and output is very little, and therefore preparation cost is high; " thermal decomposition method of phthalocyanines complex compound " is by phthalocyanines complex compound synthetic in advance at high temperature direct thermo-cracking (Small, 2005, the 1st volume, 798-801 page), but this method is only applicable to several isolated system, and the nitrogen doped carbon nanotube very heterogeneity of synthesis.In addition, the caliber of the carbon nanotube prepared by our method can be adjusted to 30nm from 800nm, and nitrogen content can be adjusted to 12% from 4%.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide one simply controlled, prepare nitrogenous carbon nanotube and preparation method thereof by direct solid phase cleavage method.Method of the present invention can effectively to overcome in existing technology of preparing the high request of equipment, big energy-consuming, wayward, the shortcoming such as yield poorly.
For achieving the above object, the present invention under solvent thermal system, with Zn
2+, Fe
2+for common metal ion, with the organoligand coordination of imidazoles, synthesis imidazoles polymer nanocomposite ball.This ball is mixed (mass ratio of polymer with nitrogen monomer and imidazoles polymer globules is adjustable within the scope of 2.5-20) from the polymer with nitrogen monomer of different amount or by simple imidazoles polymer nanocomposite ball, at N
2atmosphere, carbonization 3-4h under 700 ° of C-900 ° of C, obtains solid material.Then remove Metal Zn, Fe with chloroazotic acid, and then it is adjustable in 30-800nm scope to obtain pipe diameter, the N doping multi-walled carbon nano-tubes that N doping amount is adjustable within the scope of 4-12%, the distribution of nitrogen in carbon material is homogeneous.
Specifically can operate as follows:
(1) under agitation, in the DMF solution containing imidazoles organic ligand, add the DMF solution being dissolved with metal zinc salt, ferrous salt, wherein, the mol ratio of each component is: zinc salt: ferrous salt: imidazoles organic ligand: DMF=5:1:5.5:1600-1800; Room temperature continues to stir half an hour, and transferred in crystallizing kettle subsequently and seal, crystallization 48h under 140-150 ° of C, centrifugal after being cooled to room temperature, dry 24-36h under 80-100 ° of C, has obtained imidazoles polymer materials;
(2) be dispersed in by imidazoles polymer materials in the organic solution being dissolved with appropriate polymer with nitrogen monomer, stirring at room temperature 1.5-2h, is spin-dried for subsequently under 65-70 ° of C, obtained imidazoles polymkeric substance and the mixed uniformly solid phase prod of polymer with nitrogen monomer;
(3) by obtained imidazoles polymkeric substance and the mixed uniformly solid phase prod of polymer with nitrogen monomer or simple imidazoles polymer materials carbonization 3-4h under noble gas atmosphere 700-900 ° C, and use acid treatment 20min-4h, neutrality is washed till subsequently with deionized water, at the dry 24-36h of 100-120 ° of C, obtained product of the present invention.
The nitrogen content of prepared nitrogen doped carbon nanotube is adjustable within the scope of 4-12%, and caliber size is adjustable within the scope of 30-800nm.Described imidazoles organic ligand is glyoxal ethyline; Described metal zinc salt is Zn (NO
3)
2, metal ferrous salt is FeSO
4; Described polymer with nitrogen monomer is Dicyanodiamide (DCDA); Described inert atmosphere is nitrogen atmosphere; Described appropriate polymer with nitrogen monomer is polymer with nitrogen monomer: imidazoles polymer materials (mass ratio) is within the scope of 2.5-20.
Preparation method's tool of the present invention has the following advantages:
1. materials synthesis takes the method for direct solid phase cracking, and simple, reactant is cheap and easy to get, and productive rate is higher, is suitable for large-scale industrial production;
2. reaction unit is simple and easy, and reaction process does not relate to inflammable micromolecular use, is easy to control, and security is high;
3. reaction process is not added extra gaseous state organic nitrogen source or is used ammonia, more environmental protection;
4. temperature of reaction is lower, less energy consumption;
Material tool prepared by the present invention has the following advantages:
1. the nitrogen content of the carbon nanotube of preparation is adjustable;
2. the caliber of the carbon nanotube of preparation is adjustable;
3. the nitrogen in the carbon nanotube prepared is evenly distributed;
4. the carbon nanotube of the high nitrogen content of preparation, caliber is less and homogeneous;
5., containing a large amount of nitrogen species in the carbon nanotube of the high nitrogen content prepared, in fuel cell oxygen reduction reaction, there is potential application prospect;
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is scanning electronic microscope (SEM) photo of Zn-Fe-ZIFs in embodiment 1;
Fig. 2 is scanning electronic microscope (SEM) photo of products obtained therefrom in embodiment 1;
Fig. 3 is the XPS spectrum figure of the N1s of products obtained therefrom in embodiment 1;
Fig. 4 is high-resolution-ration transmission electric-lens (HRTEM) photo of products obtained therefrom in embodiment 1;
Fig. 5 is scanning electronic microscope (SEM) photo of products obtained therefrom in embodiment 2;
Fig. 6 is the XPS spectrum figure of the N1s of products obtained therefrom in embodiment 2;
Fig. 7 is transmission electron microscope (TEM) photo of products obtained therefrom in embodiment 2;
Fig. 8 is scanning electronic microscope (SEM) photo of products obtained therefrom in embodiment 3;
Fig. 9 is the XPS spectrum figure of the N1s of products obtained therefrom in embodiment 3;
Figure 10 is transmission electron microscope (TEM) photo of products obtained therefrom in embodiment 3;
Figure 11 is scanning electronic microscope (SEM) photo of products obtained therefrom in embodiment 4;
Figure 12 is the XPS spectrum figure of the N1s of products obtained therefrom in embodiment 4;
Figure 13 is transmission electron microscope (TEM) photo of products obtained therefrom in embodiment 4;
Figure 14 is scanning electronic microscope (SEM) photo of products obtained therefrom in embodiment 5;
Figure 15 is the XPS spectrum figure of the N1s of products obtained therefrom in embodiment 5;
Figure 16 is transmission electron microscope (TEM) photo of products obtained therefrom in embodiment 5;
Figure 17 is products obtained therefrom and Pt/C linear sweep voltammetry curve in the basic conditions (rotating speed is 1600rpm) in embodiment 5.
Embodiment
In order to further illustrate the present invention, enumerate following embodiment, but it does not limit the invention scope that each accessory claim defines.
Embodiment 1
Under stirring at room temperature condition, add in the DMF solution containing glyoxal ethyline and be dissolved with configuration metal ions Zn (NO
3)
2, FeSO
4dMF solution, room temperature continue stir half an hour, transferred in crystallizing kettle subsequently and sealed, crystallization 48h under 140 ° of C, centrifugal after being cooled to room temperature, dry 24h under 100 ° of C, obtained imidazoles polymer materials, SEM result shows that it is the micron ball of uniform particle diameter, good dispersity (Fig. 1); In a nitrogen atmosphere, Zn-Fe-ZIFs ball is put into tube furnace, carbonization 4h under 900 ° of C; The product of carbonization is added in chloroazotic acid, centrifugal after stirring at room temperature 4h; Neutrality is washed till, 100 ° of dry 24h of C, thus obtained product with deionized water.SEM result shows that the product obtained is the carbon nanotube (Fig. 2) of size at 50-800nm.It can be 401.8eV that the XPS result of the N1s of the product obtained shows that the nitrogen in carbon nanotube contains that three kinds of existence: greying N(combine), it can be 400.1eV that pyroles N(combines), pyridines N(combination can be 398.7eV) (Fig. 3).High-resolution-ration transmission electric-lens shows that the product obtained has the carbonization structure of high-sequential, and the spacing of lattice fringe spacing and graphitized carbon (002) crystal face fits like a glove (Fig. 4), and the nitrogen content of elemental analysis product is 4%.
Embodiment 2
Adopt the preparation process of embodiment 1, be with its difference, before tube furnace carbonization put into by imidazoles polymer materials, first be dispersed in and be dissolved with (1.5M) in the DMF solution of Dicyanodiamide, regulate the amount of Dicyanodiamide, the mass ratio of Dicyanodiamide and imidazoles polymer materials is made to be 2.5, stirring at room temperature 2 hours, be spin-dried for subsequently, carbonization 3h under tube furnace carbonization 700 ° of C put in a nitrogen atmosphere by the solid obtained, and carbonized product is dispersed in chloroazotic acid, stirring at room temperature 20min, neutrality is washed till, 100 ° of dry 24h of C, thus obtained product with deionized water.SEM result shows that the product obtained is the carbon nanotube (Fig. 5) of size at 30-150nm.TEM result show the product pattern obtained be Bamboo-shaped and pipe built with metal nanoparticle (Fig. 6), it can be 401.8eV that the XPS result of the N1s of the product obtained shows that the nitrogen in carbon nanotube contains that three kinds of existence: greying N(combine), it can be 400.1eV that pyroles N(combines), it can be 398.7eV that pyridines N(combines) (Fig. 7), the nitrogen content of elemental analysis product is 12.3%.
Embodiment 3
Adopt the preparation process of embodiment 2, be with its difference, regulate the amount of Dicyanodiamide, make the mass ratio of Dicyanodiamide and imidazoles polymer materials be 5, all the other building-up processes are identical.SEM result shows that the product obtained is the carbon nanotube (Fig. 8) of size at 30-100nm.TEM result show the product pattern obtained be Bamboo-shaped and pipe built with metal nanoparticle (Fig. 9), it can be 401.8eV that the XPS result of the N1s of the product obtained shows that the nitrogen in carbon nanotube contains that three kinds of existence: greying N(combine), it can be 400.1eV that pyroles N(combines), it can be 398.7eV that pyridines N(combines) (Figure 10), the nitrogen content of elemental analysis product is 10.7%.
Embodiment 4
Adopt the preparation process of embodiment 2, be with its difference, regulate the amount of Dicyanodiamide, make the mass ratio of Dicyanodiamide and imidazoles polymer materials be 10, all the other building-up processes are identical.SEM result shows that the product obtained is the carbon nanotube (Figure 11) of size at 30-50nm.TEM result show the product pattern obtained be Bamboo-shaped and pipe built with metal nanoparticle (Figure 12), it can be 401.8eV that the XPS result of the N1s of the product obtained shows that the nitrogen in carbon nanotube contains that three kinds of existence: greying N(combine), it can be 400.1eV that pyroles N(combines), it can be 398.7eV that pyridines N(combines) (Figure 13), the nitrogen content of elemental analysis product is 9.7%.
Embodiment 5
Adopt the preparation process of embodiment 2, be with its difference, regulate the amount of Dicyanodiamide, make the mass ratio of Dicyanodiamide and imidazoles polymer materials be 20, all the other building-up processes are identical.SEM result shows that the product obtained is the carbon nanotube (Figure 14) of size at 30-50nm.TEM result show the product pattern obtained be Bamboo-shaped and pipe built with metal nanoparticle (Figure 15), it can be 401.8eV that the XPS result of the N1s of the product obtained shows that the nitrogen in carbon nanotube contains that three kinds of existence: greying N(combine), it can be 400.1eV that pyroles N(combines), it can be 398.7eV that pyridines N(combines) (Figure 16), the nitrogen content of elemental analysis product is 12.3%, this product is used in the oxygen reduction reaction of fuel cell as eelctro-catalyst, linear sweep voltammetry curve (Figure 17) result under alkaline condition shows that this product has very high catalytic activity, half-wave potential relative saturation mercurous chloride electrode is-0.183V, exceed commercialization Pt/C(-0.19V), and limit current density also exceeds much than commercialization Pt/C.
The present invention relates to nitrating carbon material, specifically a kind of preparation method of nitrogen doped carbon nanotube.Under solvent thermal system, with Zn
2+, Fe
2+for common metal ion, with the organoligand coordination of imidazoles, synthesis imidazoles polymer nanocomposite ball.Mixed from the Dicyanodiamide of different amount (mass ratio of Dicyanodiamide and imidazoles polymer globules is adjustable within the scope of 0-20) by imidazoles polymer nanocomposite ball, in noble gas atmosphere, carbonization 3-4h under 700 ° of C-900 ° of C, obtains solid material.Then with acid removing Metal Zn, Fe, and then it is adjustable in 30-800nm scope to obtain pipe size, the N doping multi-walled carbon nano-tubes that N doping amount is adjustable within the scope of 4-12%.The method synthesis technique is simple, low for equipment requirements, and power consumption is few, and reaction process is simple and easy to control, and security is high; The carbon nanotube sizes of synthesis is adjustable; Nitrogen being evenly distributed and the plurality of advantages such as content is adjustable in carbon pipe.
Claims (7)
1. a preparation method for nitrogenous carbon nanotube, is characterized in that comprising following preparation process:
(1) under agitation, the DMF solution being dissolved with metal zinc salt, ferrous salt is added in the DMF solution containing imidazoles organic ligand, wherein, the mol ratio of each component is zinc salt: ferrous salt: imidazoles organic ligand: DMF=5:1:5.5:1600-1800;
Room temperature continues to stir 20-40min, and transferred in crystallizing kettle subsequently and seal, crystallization 48h at 140-150 DEG C, centrifugal after being cooled to room temperature, dry 24-36h at 80-100 DEG C, has obtained imidazoles polymer materials;
(2) be dispersed in by imidazoles polymer materials in the organic solution being dissolved with appropriate polymer with nitrogen monomer, stirring at room temperature 1.5-2h, is spin-dried for subsequently at 65-70 DEG C, obtained imidazoles polymkeric substance and the mixed uniformly solid phase prod of polymer with nitrogen monomer;
(3) by obtained imidazoles polymkeric substance and the mixed uniformly solid phase prod of polymer with nitrogen monomer carbonization 3-4h at inert atmosphere 700-900 DEG C, and use acid treatment 20min-4h, neutrality is washed till subsequently with deionized water, at 100-120 DEG C of dry 24-36h, obtained required product;
Above-mentioned imidazoles organic ligand is glyoxal ethyline;
Above-mentioned polymer with nitrogen monomer is Dicyanodiamide (DCDA).
2. a preparation method for nitrogenous carbon nanotube, is characterized in that comprising following preparation process:
(1) under agitation, the DMF solution being dissolved with metal zinc salt, ferrous salt is added in the DMF solution containing imidazoles organic ligand, wherein, the mol ratio of each component is: zinc salt: ferrous salt: imidazoles organic ligand: DMF=5:1:5.5:1600-1800; Described imidazoles organic ligand is glyoxal ethyline;
Room temperature continues to stir 20-40min, and transferred in crystallizing kettle subsequently and seal, crystallization 48h at 140-150 DEG C, centrifugal after being cooled to room temperature, dry 24-36h at 80-100 DEG C, has obtained imidazoles polymer materials;
(2) by obtained imidazoles polymer materials carbonization 3-4h at inert atmosphere 700-900 DEG C, and use acid treatment 20min-4h, be washed till neutrality with deionized water subsequently, at 100-120 DEG C of dry 24-36h, obtained required product.
3. preparation method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described metal zinc salt is Zn (NO
3)
2, metal ferrous salt is FeSO
4.
4. preparation method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described inert atmosphere is nitrogen atmosphere.
5. preparation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: referring in right amount in described appropriate polymer with nitrogen monomer, and the mass ratio of polymer with nitrogen monomer and imidazoles polymer materials is 2.5-20.
6. preparation method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described acid is chloroazotic acid, chloroazotic acid be by mass concentration be 36.5% hydrochloric acid and mass concentration be 65% nitric acid by volume 3:1 mix, acid treatment temperature is 25 DEG C.
7. preparation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described organic solution is DMF (dimethyl formamide) solution, and polymer with nitrogen monomer concentration in organic solution is 0.125g/mL.
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| CN105618789A (en) * | 2014-10-29 | 2016-06-01 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Preparation method of nitrogen-doped carbon nano tube packaging cobalt nanoparticles |
| CN104555986B (en) * | 2015-01-06 | 2016-06-08 | 武汉大学 | A kind of preparation method of carbon nano-tube based on solid phase pyrolysis |
| CN105084339B (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2017-06-16 | 中国科学技术大学 | N doping multi-walled carbon nano-tubes and preparation method thereof |
| CN105110315A (en) * | 2015-07-28 | 2015-12-02 | 大连理工大学 | Method for synthesis of double-casing layer carbon nanometer hollow polyhedron by metal-organic framework as template |
| CN106876728B (en) * | 2017-02-14 | 2020-01-03 | 中国科学技术大学 | High-density transition metal monoatomic load graphene-based catalyst and preparation method thereof |
| CN106865527B (en) * | 2017-04-14 | 2019-03-01 | 中国科学技术大学 | A kind of synthetic method and application of carbon nanomaterial |
| CN109956463B (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2022-07-05 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Carbon nano tube and preparation method thereof |
| CN109675632A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-04-26 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of carbon-based ZIF composite catalyst and preparation method thereof and the application in electro-catalysis reduction carbon dioxide reaction |
| CN111994894B (en) * | 2020-07-29 | 2023-07-04 | 广西大学 | Preparation method of nitrogen-doped aerogel carbon micro-tube |
| CN112014440B (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2022-02-01 | 西南大学 | Preparation method and application of platinum nitrogen doped CNT (carbon nanotube) and doped CNT sensor |
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