CN104012787A - Method for preparing corn straw coarse feed by microbial beneficial living bacteria - Google Patents
Method for preparing corn straw coarse feed by microbial beneficial living bacteria Download PDFInfo
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- CN104012787A CN104012787A CN201410207513.XA CN201410207513A CN104012787A CN 104012787 A CN104012787 A CN 104012787A CN 201410207513 A CN201410207513 A CN 201410207513A CN 104012787 A CN104012787 A CN 104012787A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preparing corn straw coarse feed by microbial beneficial living bacteria. The method comprises the steps of (1) preparing microbial strains: respectively feeding two strains of bacillus subtilis, one strain of lactobacillus acidophilus, one strain of lactobacillus bulgaricus and one strain of rhodopseudomonas palustris onto corresponding culture mediums, culturing, carrying out expanding propagation, and mixing 20g of bacillus subtilis, 20g of lactobacillus acidophilus, 20g of lactobacillus bulgaricus and 20g of rhodopseudomonas palustris for later use; preparing 100g of cellulase; (2) preparing corn straw: flattening the corn straw, and drawing into hair shape with a wire drawing machine for later use; (3) preparing the corn straw coarse feed: putting 1000g of prepared corn straw into a fermentation container, and evenly spraying 5g of cellulase onto the corn straw; diluting microorganism with well water, then spraying onto the corn straw, and fermenting in an airtight way for 7-10 days; taking out the product, drying and packaging to obtain the corn straw coarse feed. The method is simple in technology and short in fermentation period, and is capable of saving a great deal of grain; the prepared biological straw feed is good in palatability, high in lactic acid content and more in beneficial bacteria.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to animal and fowl fodder technical field, be specifically related to a kind ofly utilize the useful viable bacteria of microorganism to prepare the method for maize straw roughage.
Background technology
China is large agricultural country, and agricultural crop straw output is large, distribution is wide, kind is many, is a kind of important living resources.According to statistics, China's stalk total output in 2010 is about 700,000,000 tons.But for a long time, these stalk resources are not but reasonably developed.Along with the transformation of mode of agriculture and the improvement of life in the countryside condition, it is serious that phenomenon is arbitrarily abandoned, burned to stalk, not only wasted resource but also contaminated environment.Therefore, accelerate to advance stalk comprehensive utilization, be conducive to alleviate resource constraint, alleviate environmental pressure, for solving stalk, burn in violation of rules and regulations problem, stable, Agro-ecology balance tool is of great significance.
The main component of stalk is cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, mainly concentrates in cell membrane.Cellulose.Hemicellulose can be utilized by the rumen microorganism of ruminant degraded, but because cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin closely combine, the digestibility of stalk is affected.Stalk is more ripe, and degree of lignification is higher, and the digestibility of stalk is just poorer, if unprocessed, is difficult to be applied in pig and poultry feed.
The stalk method for the preparation of feed processed at present mainly contains three kinds of ensiling, ammonification and biofermentations.Ensiling need be got its stem before crops maturation, take to reduce even to sacrifice grain yield as cost, and up-front investment is large, and in its feed, vitamin D content is extremely low; Ammoniation process can improve the crude protein content of feed, but due to this law technology have relatively high expectations (especially need with liquefied ammonia), and owing to containing unemployed ammonia in ammoniated forage, livestock searches for food and too much can cause ammonia poisoning, therefore itself there is potential toxicity, have in actual applications significant limitation.
In recent years, application modern biological project and bionics principle, utilize the production technology that microorganism ferments to prepare grain-saving type biological stalk (straw) feed to stalk well to be developed.But, due to the enough understanding lacking stalk structure and high-effective microorganism seed selection, utilize at present the straw feed that this technology is produced to have following subject matter:
(1) stalk lacks pretreatment or only adopts simple physical treatment to forge or pulverize as hand hay cutter before fermentation, can not effectively abolish stalk structure, and the degradation rate of cellulose and hemicellulose is low.Patent CN3105080 utilizes many culture united anaerobic fermentations to produce the method for stalk protein feed, and structure hand hay cutter is swaged into 3-5cm or is ground into 20 orders, and this grinding particle size is difficult to abolish stalk structure, can not make the nutritional labeling of stalk obtain larger raising.
(2) in fermentation, adopt the quantity of microorganism or kind too much, cause complex production process, fermentation period factory, control of product quality difficulty is large, and production efficiency is low.Patent CN98110370 discloses a kind of straw feed fermenting process, this technique relates to the multiple fermentative microorganisms such as lactic acid bacteria, yeast, bionical flora (aspergillus niger, aspergillus oryzae, the mould and Candida of wood), in 30-40 ° of fermentation, within 10-15 days, obtain fermented feed, complex process.
(3) fermentation employing microorganism does not possess the ability of degraded cellulose and hemicellulose, can not effectively improve the metabolic capability of stalk, and straw utilization rate is low.Patent CN200810016743 is dipped to by the stalk that is crushed to 2-3cm the 9h that ferments in Yeast Cultivation liquid, but yeast does not possess the enzyme system of degraded cellulose and hemicellulose.
(4) it is uncertain that fermentation adopts the security of microorganism, may have harmful bacteria or mould.The trichoderma reesei relating in the disclosed feed fermentation agent of patent CN200510066003 and patent CN201010261969 does not belong to Ministry of Agriculture's feed addictive catalogue, can not determine its security.
(5) made straw feed lactic acid content is low, and number of live bacteria of probiotics is low, and palatability is poor, and feeding effect is not good, and joint grain effect is not remarkable.
Summary of the invention
The above-mentioned defect that the application exists for straw feed preparation method in prior art, providing a kind of utilizes the useful viable bacteria of microorganism to prepare the method for maize straw roughage, this method technique is simple, fermentation period is short, the feed formula that is used for ruminant by the standby biology corn stalk of this legal system substitutes cereals grain, can save a large amount of grain, simultaneously, made biological stalk (straw) feed has obvious sour fragrance, good palatability, lactic acid content is high, beneficial bacterium is many, and cellulase activity is high, cellulose and hemicellulose degradation rate is high, security good.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
Utilize the useful viable bacteria of microorganism to prepare a method for maize straw roughage, comprise the following steps:
(1) preparation method of microorganism fungus kind
A, bacillus subtilis 2 strains that adopt the < < of Ministry of Agriculture feed addictive kind catalogue > > approval to use, lactobacillus acidophilus 1 strain, lactobacillus bulgaricus 1 strain, Rhodopseudomonas palustris 1 strain, and above-described 4 kinds of bacterial strains are joined and on special culture media separately, cultivated and to carry out 5 times of expansions numerous, expand numerous to stand-by after 100 kilograms;
B, by bacterial strain in steps A cultured above-mentioned 4 respectively get 20 grams stand-by after mixing;
C, 1000 grams of preparations of the cellulase of having bought are stand-by;
(2) preparation method of maize straw
D, the thread placement of hair of with spinning machine, the maize straw of flattening being pumped into 30-100 μ m again after harvested fresh corn stalk is first flattened are standby;
(3) preparation method of maize straw roughage
E, get 1000 grams of maize straws that step D prepares and put into round;
F, get 5 grams of cellulases in step C and it is evenly sprayed on the maize straw in step e;
G, the liquid spawn that step B is mixed add 5 times of well water dilutions and are evenly sprayed at afterwards on the maize straw in step F and carry out sealed fermenting, and fermentation time is 7-10 days;
H, the maize straw fermenting in step G is dried to moisture between 15%-25% from taking out in round;
I, the good fermented maize stalk of step H airing is granulated, be packaged into maize straw roughage.
The present invention utilizes microorganism fermented maize straw feed, according to modern germ theory, using gene engineering, molecular engineering, Fermentation Engineering, enzyme engineering, Animal nutrition balance theory, adopt solid deep layer static fermentation and dry technology, by animal nutritional need, produce microbial straw fermented feed again, to the development of straw animal and agricultural straw resource utilization highly significant.
The present invention utilizes the technological principle of microorganism fermented maize straw feed to be: utilize multiple-microorganism after the environment bottom fermentation of anaerobism is processed, crop material is carried out to composition degraded and Substance Transformation, make good palatability, the feed of the superiority such as digestibility is high, beneficial bacterium viable bacteria is many, security good, long shelf-life, thereby improve stalk self-value, reach smart with thick generation, the object of saving food.
The various bacterial classifications that relate in the present invention and enzyme effect in the present invention: cellulase can improve degraded and the conversion of fibrous matter in feedstuff, thereby is absorbed by animal, play an important role to improving conversion ratio and the digestibility of feed feed;
Bacillus subtilis can produce beta-glucan enzyme, protease and zytase during the fermentation, beta-glucan enzyme belongs to hemicellulose enzyme, can decompose the glucose polymer that β-glycosidic bond chain becomes, there is important hydrolysis, can make it be degraded into low molecular weight fraction, destroy plant cell wall construction, improve the activity of endogenous digestive ferment, reduce enteric microorganism, be beneficial to animal digesting and assimilating nutriment; Zytase can effectively be eliminated the anti-oxidant action of contained xylan, after plant cell wall destroys, zytase fully lignin degrading becomes low molecular weight fraction, be beneficial to digesting and assimilating of animal, improve breeding performonce fo animals, also can promote the trans-utilization rate of protein and the energy of feed simultaneously; Protease can become amino acid by proteolysis, and can change amino acid whose assimilation process, and the utilization rate of bacterium protein is improved again;
In addition, because fermentation process of the present invention is to carry out under closed environment, bacillus subtilis can consume rapidly the oxygen in closed environment, makes anaerobism lactic acid bacteria amount reproduction, produces lactic acid, suppresses the growth of harmful bacteria, reaches the object of long-term preservation.
Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bulgarian lactic acid bacterium are beneficial bacteriums, and these beneficial bacterium fermentations produce a large amount of lactic acid, and lactic acid itself is nutriment, has again the effect that suppresses other growth of microorganism in feed, and feed can be preserved for a long time; And these beneficial bacteriums produce during the fermentation, and acid is fragrant, fruital taste, has improved greatly palatability; And these beneficial bacteriums form fungus strain balance in animal intestinal, suppress the production of harmful bacteria, improved body immunity, prevent and treat intestines problem.
The interpolation of Rhodopseudomonas palustris is other bacterial classifications that add for balance, promotes the better fermentating breeding of microorganism.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: the present invention utilizes spinning machine to reel off raw silk from cocoons to maize straw, the hair that becomes 30-100 μ m is thread, and added appropriate cellulase and the useful microorganism of multiple safety is prepared microbial straw feed by fermenting under specifically fermentation process conditions, its straw feed of preparing has following characteristics:
1. can shorten the time of preparation of straw feed maturation, extend and store the shelf-life.Owing to can producing lactic acid in lactic bacteria useful reproductive process, when pH value is 4 left and right, whole acid environment can suppress germy growth, even inhibition is also received in the growth of lactic acid bacteria own, at this moment, reach a kind of balance, all microorganisms have all stopped activity, thereby reach the long-term object of preserving of stalk.In addition, the microorganism in the present invention and the effect of enzyme classes, can make whole stalk fermentation process greatly shorten, and fermentation time can be ripe at 7-10 days.
2. improve the palatability of straw feed, improved grazing speed, feed intake.Cellulase, beta-glucan enzyme and zytase can be by the ester bond of xylan chain and lignin polymers in cellulose by enzymolysis, and long-chain has become short chain, has increased the flexibility of product, and palatability has obtained good improvement.Because the effect of beneficial bacterium has produced sour perfume (or spice), fruital taste, also improved greatly palatability.Due to the effect of bacillus subtilis, the content of straw feed Glutamic Acid can increase several times, has increased to a great extent animal appetite simultaneously.
3. improve straw feed conversion ratio.In the present invention, use the raw enzyme classes of cellulase and producing bacillus subtilis that feed is well digested.
4. improve body immunity, prevent and treat intestines problem.In microorganism, contain a large amount of beneficial bacteriums, these beneficial bacteriums form fungus strain balance in animal intestinal, suppress harmful bacteria growth, prevent and treat intestines problem, and a large amount of beneficial bacteriums produce a kind of material and can improve immunity of organism and anti-stress ability in enteron aisle.
5. the microorganism fungus kind of pair stalk mixes after first cultivating respectively again, has met the different Production requirements of different strains, reaches best culture effect, has best activity.
The feed that the maize straw of processing through the present invention can significantly reduce ox, support ruminant, thereby reduction feed cost, the biological stalk (straw) feed lactic acid content made by the present invention is high, useful viable bacteria is many, cellulase activity is high, cellulose and hemicellulose degradation rate are good, and security is good, and production technology of the present invention is simple simultaneously.Fermentation time is short, has realized the efficient utilization of maize straw, has reduced raiser's feeding cost, has reduced the pollution of straw burning to environment simultaneously.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
Utilize the useful viable bacteria of microorganism to prepare a method for maize straw roughage, comprise the following steps:
(1) preparation method of microorganism fungus kind
A, bacillus subtilis 2 strains that adopt the < < of Ministry of Agriculture feed addictive kind catalogue > > approval to use, lactobacillus acidophilus 1 strain, lactobacillus bulgaricus 1 strain, Rhodopseudomonas palustris 1 strain, and above-described 4 kinds of bacterial strains are joined and on special culture media separately, cultivated and to carry out 5 times of expansions numerous, expand numerous to stand-by after 100 kilograms;
B, by bacterial strain in steps A cultured above-mentioned 4 respectively get 20 grams stand-by after mixing;
C, 1000 grams of preparations of the cellulase of having bought are stand-by;
(2) preparation method of maize straw
D, the thread placement of hair of with spinning machine, the maize straw of flattening being pumped into 30 μ m again after harvested fresh corn stalk is first flattened are standby;
(3) preparation method of maize straw roughage
E, get 1000 grams of maize straws that step D prepares and put into round;
F, get 5 grams of cellulases in step C and it is evenly sprayed on the maize straw in step e;
G, the liquid spawn that step B is mixed add 5 times of well water dilutions and are evenly sprayed at afterwards on the maize straw in step F and carry out sealed fermenting, and fermentation time is 7 days;
H, the maize straw fermenting in step G is dried to moisture between 25% from taking out in round;
I, the good fermented maize stalk of step H airing is granulated, be packaged into maize straw roughage.
Embodiment 2
Utilize the useful viable bacteria of microorganism to prepare a method for maize straw roughage, comprise the following steps:
(1) preparation method of microorganism fungus kind
A, bacillus subtilis 2 strains that adopt the < < of Ministry of Agriculture feed addictive kind catalogue > > approval to use, lactobacillus acidophilus 1 strain, lactobacillus bulgaricus 1 strain, Rhodopseudomonas palustris 1 strain, and above-described 4 kinds of bacterial strains are joined and on special culture media separately, cultivated and to carry out 5 times of expansions numerous, expand numerous to stand-by after 100 kilograms;
B, by bacterial strain in steps A cultured above-mentioned 4 respectively get 20 grams stand-by after mixing;
C, 1000 grams of preparations of the cellulase of having bought are stand-by;
(2) preparation method of maize straw
D, the thread placement of hair of with spinning machine, the maize straw of flattening being pumped into 100 μ m again after harvested fresh corn stalk is first flattened are standby;
(3) preparation method of maize straw roughage
E, get 1000 grams of maize straws that step D prepares and put into round;
F, get 5 grams of cellulases in step C and it is evenly sprayed on the maize straw in step e;
G, the liquid spawn that step B is mixed add 5 times of well water dilutions and are evenly sprayed at afterwards on the maize straw in step F and carry out sealed fermenting, and fermentation time is 10 days;
H, the maize straw fermenting in step G is dried to moisture between 15% from taking out in round;
I, the good fermented maize stalk of step H airing is granulated, be packaged into maize straw roughage.
Embodiment 3
Utilize the useful viable bacteria of microorganism to prepare a method for maize straw roughage, comprise the following steps:
(1) preparation method of microorganism fungus kind
A, bacillus subtilis 2 strains that adopt the < < of Ministry of Agriculture feed addictive kind catalogue > > approval to use, lactobacillus acidophilus 1 strain, lactobacillus bulgaricus 1 strain, Rhodopseudomonas palustris 1 strain, and above-described 4 kinds of bacterial strains are joined and on special culture media separately, cultivated and to carry out 5 times of expansions numerous, expand numerous to stand-by after 100 kilograms;
B, by bacterial strain in steps A cultured above-mentioned 4 respectively get 20 grams stand-by after mixing;
C, 1000 grams of preparations of the cellulase of having bought are stand-by;
(2) preparation method of maize straw
D, the thread placement of hair of with spinning machine, the maize straw of flattening being pumped into 60 μ m again after harvested fresh corn stalk is first flattened are standby;
(3) preparation method of maize straw roughage
E, get 1000 grams of maize straws that step D prepares and put into round;
F, get 5 grams of cellulases in step C and it is evenly sprayed on the maize straw in step e;
G, the liquid spawn that step B is mixed add 5 times of well water dilutions and are evenly sprayed at afterwards on the maize straw in step F and carry out sealed fermenting, and fermentation time is 8 days;
H, the maize straw fermenting in step G is dried to moisture between 20% from taking out in round;
I, the good fermented maize stalk of step H airing is granulated, be packaged into maize straw roughage.
Claims (1)
1. utilize the useful viable bacteria of microorganism to prepare a method for maize straw roughage, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) preparation method of microorganism fungus kind
A, bacillus subtilis 2 strains that adopt the < < of Ministry of Agriculture feed addictive kind catalogue > > approval to use, lactobacillus acidophilus 1 strain, lactobacillus bulgaricus 1 strain, Rhodopseudomonas palustris 1 strain, and above-described 4 kinds of bacterial strains are joined and on special culture media separately, cultivated and to carry out 5 times of expansions numerous, expand numerous to stand-by after 100 kilograms;
B, by bacterial strain in steps A cultured above-mentioned 4 respectively get 20 grams stand-by after mixing;
C, 1000 grams of preparations of the cellulase of having bought are stand-by;
(2) preparation method of maize straw
D, the thread placement of hair of with spinning machine, the maize straw of flattening being pumped into 30-100 μ m again after harvested fresh corn stalk is first flattened are standby;
(3) preparation method of maize straw roughage
E, get 1000 grams of maize straws that step D prepares and put into round;
F, get 5 grams of cellulases in step C and it is evenly sprayed on the maize straw in step e;
G, the liquid spawn that step B is mixed add 5 times of well water dilutions and are evenly sprayed at afterwards on the maize straw in step F and carry out sealed fermenting, and fermentation time is 7-10 days;
H, the maize straw fermenting in step G is dried to moisture between 15%-25% from taking out in round;
I, the good fermented maize stalk of step H airing is granulated, be packaged into maize straw roughage.
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| CN104397326A (en) * | 2014-11-24 | 2015-03-11 | 河南恒瑞源实业有限公司 | Preparation method for silage containing eucommia ulmoides fine powder |
| CN104996796A (en) * | 2015-07-09 | 2015-10-28 | 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所 | Supplementary feeding feed for yaks as well as preparation method and application of supplementary feeding feed |
| CN105861391A (en) * | 2016-06-02 | 2016-08-17 | 陕西国际商贸学院 | Normal temperature compound microbial fermentation agent |
| CN105994951A (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2016-10-12 | 赵乃明 | Method for preparing ecological feed from pig manure |
| CN106417916A (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2017-02-22 | 张元生 | Licking blocks for ruminants to lick and preparation method thereof |
| CN107235753A (en) * | 2017-06-09 | 2017-10-10 | 安徽赛澳生物工程有限公司 | A kind of biodegrading process of crop material |
| CN107509853A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2017-12-26 | 山西海洲生物科技有限公司 | Microorganism is beneficial to live bacteria concentrated forage and its production method |
| CN108299029A (en) * | 2018-03-01 | 2018-07-20 | 商丘职业技术学院 | A kind of maize straw quick rotting agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN108634111A (en) * | 2018-04-12 | 2018-10-12 | 西南民族大学 | The special preparation method for licking brick of Adult Yak warm season |
| CN110150462A (en) * | 2019-07-05 | 2019-08-23 | 刘洋 | A kind of production method and application of straw fermented feed |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104397326A (en) * | 2014-11-24 | 2015-03-11 | 河南恒瑞源实业有限公司 | Preparation method for silage containing eucommia ulmoides fine powder |
| CN104996796A (en) * | 2015-07-09 | 2015-10-28 | 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所 | Supplementary feeding feed for yaks as well as preparation method and application of supplementary feeding feed |
| CN104996796B (en) * | 2015-07-09 | 2018-07-06 | 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所 | A kind of yak supplementary feeding feed and preparation method and application |
| CN105861391A (en) * | 2016-06-02 | 2016-08-17 | 陕西国际商贸学院 | Normal temperature compound microbial fermentation agent |
| CN105994951A (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2016-10-12 | 赵乃明 | Method for preparing ecological feed from pig manure |
| CN106417916A (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2017-02-22 | 张元生 | Licking blocks for ruminants to lick and preparation method thereof |
| CN107235753A (en) * | 2017-06-09 | 2017-10-10 | 安徽赛澳生物工程有限公司 | A kind of biodegrading process of crop material |
| CN107509853A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2017-12-26 | 山西海洲生物科技有限公司 | Microorganism is beneficial to live bacteria concentrated forage and its production method |
| CN108299029A (en) * | 2018-03-01 | 2018-07-20 | 商丘职业技术学院 | A kind of maize straw quick rotting agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN108634111A (en) * | 2018-04-12 | 2018-10-12 | 西南民族大学 | The special preparation method for licking brick of Adult Yak warm season |
| CN110150462A (en) * | 2019-07-05 | 2019-08-23 | 刘洋 | A kind of production method and application of straw fermented feed |
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