CN104012289A - Cultivation method of tea tree bonsai with multicolor bud leaves - Google Patents
Cultivation method of tea tree bonsai with multicolor bud leaves Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a cultivation method of a tea tree bonsai with multiple forms, and in particular relates to a method for making a tea tree bonsai with a graceful tree shape and bud leaves with different colors and shapes growing on a same plant. The method comprises the steps of selecting an old tea tree which grows for more than 15 years and has graceful branches as tree stock; trimming according to the nature form of the tea tree while only reserving molding backbone branches; grafting tea tree branch tips with bud leaves with different colors and shapes onto a stump at different levels and in different regions in a bark inserting method and a side grafting method; and trimming and coiling to obtain the straight trunk type, inclined trunk type, horizontal trunk type, curved trunk type or cliff type tea tree bonsai with the graceful tree shape, wherein the tea tree bonsai has rich leaf colors and shapes. After the cultivation method is used, the ornamental value of the tea tree bonsai can be improved; the tea culture is combined with the bonsai art, so that the unique love of people for the tea tree can be met, and the aesthetic demand of the people for the bonsai can be met. The tea tree bonsai with multiple forms develops a new way for the development and transmission of tea culture, provides a new perspective for the depth development of tea tree resources, is a new growth point of tea industry and can bring good economic benefits to the tea industry.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to potted landscape breeding method, be specifically related to the breeding method of the various tea tree potted landscape of a kind of form.
Background technology
Tea tree is one of important economic crops, has very high ornamental value.Many people are the people in tea industry particularly, tea is had to unique love knot, the market potential that tea tree potted landscape tool is larger.Though the nearly more than ten years have many people to propose the application of tea tree ornamental value in gardens and potted plant, potted landscape, specifically how to apply in potted landscape, study very few.The variety source of tea tree is abundant, various, the easy breeding of form, rudiment power are strong, can flowers and fruits with reward, be suitable for making potted landscape, there is high ornamental value.
At present, the cultivation of tea tree potted landscape is mainly directly to excavate old tea tree stake to plant in basin, be trimmed to potted landscape, or starts to plant, cultivates, is trimmed to potted landscape from tea shoot juvenile stage.Before a kind of method be that to excavate stem be slightly 5-10cm, branching morphogenesis is better, selects the old half dry and decayed old tea tree even of limb, according to modeling requirement, cuts off the unnecessary twigs and branches and root system, goes up basin.According to the natural form of tea tree, by pruning, cultivate postforming.Although tea tree is applicable to making potted landscape on the whole, its ornamental value is also high, but it is with respect to the vegetable material of other making potted landscape, there is some self defect, as larger in blade, general with respect to other potted landscape material ornamental value, this is also why China finds and find existing 4000 or the five thousand years history of tea, but never using one of its reason as potted landscape material.A kind of rear method of making tea tree potted landscape is to make of tea trees such as strange song, purple cuckoo, Cold boiled chicken hats, carries out cuttage then by pruning, carry out moulding with the brachyplast of tea tree.This method does not have well to solve tea tree due to the character of the botany characteristic of the problem of suitable for making potted landscape not too itself yet.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: for above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of breeding method of polychrome bud-leaf tea tree potted landscape is provided, by the scion of the different tea tree breed of several tea shoot leaf colors by different level, subregion grafting is in the right and wrong tangible old tea tree stake of branch, by pruning, the bundle of coiling, do tea tree and carry out moulding again, produce the tea tree potted landscape of different patterns, the tea tree potted landscape that forms rich color, tree-like grace, greatly improves the ornamental value of tea tree.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of breeding method of polychrome bud-leaf tea tree potted landscape, and the method step is as follows:
(1) stub is selected: the old tea tree of choosing 15 years above form suitable for making potted landscapes of life makes stub, according to the natural form of old tea tree stake, design determines that tea tree potted landscape will be made into straight dry type, oblique dry type, sleeping dry type, bent dry type or steep cliff formula, according to design, wipe out other limb and branches and leaves again, only retain moulding skeleton branch, wipe out wound and smear consolidant.
(2) excavate stub: at 1.5 meters of excavations of stub diameter, the degree of depth is 0.8-1.2 rice, and Xiang Tuqiu tiltedly digs bottom, cuts off axial root system, digs out old tea tree stake; Keep native ball place soil not loose, reduce the damage that tea tree is absorbed to root, keep absorbing the quantity of root, finally with straw rope, native ball is fixed.Excavate stub and all can carry out the whole year, be December, January and February the best period of excavating.
(3) upper basin: the old tea tree stake of digging is back carried out to root finishing, brush on root wound with the naphthalene acid solution of 200-300ppm concentration, in the potter's clay basin of the suitable size of then planting, irrigate with the naphthalene acid solution of 15-20ppm concentration after planting; In above-mentioned potter's clay basin, be covered with successively from top to bottom brick and tile, humus soil, river sand and tea place soil, the volume ratio of brick and tile particle, humus soil, river sand and tea place soil is 1:2:2:2.
(4) stub management: water and fertilizer management and the extermination of disease and insect pest (by prior art, lower same) of carrying out stub.
(5) crooked branch: after stub recovers growing way, adopt sawmilling wedge method to carry out bending to part branch, first determine and need crooked region and camber, in crooked region, saw several timber wedges, crooked after taking-up timber wedge, with slow with one's hands slow crooked branch, to required camber, then with wire, fix.After bending completes, with brown skin or cotton, wound is pricked and tied up.
(6) grafting: after branch recovers growing way, the old tea tree stake of take is stock, choose annotinous branch semi-lignified, robust growth that special tea tree breed that bud-leaf color is different becomes to set top age, without damage by disease and insect, the full branch of bud, be scion, grafting method that adopt to insert skin and side grafting by different level subregional grafting on the moulding skeleton branch of old tea tree stake, grafting bar colligation for grafting mouth, then bagging;
(7) managing after grafting: after grafting survival, bag taking, solution is tied up, and except tiller, carries out the control of rich water quality management and damage by disease and insect; Will the mending and connect in time of grafting failure.
(8) pruning: visualize the design drawing of potted landscape according to the backbone of tea tree and branch, according to design, branch is pruned, coils to prick and carry out moulding, make straight dry type, the oblique tea tree potted landscape of dry type, sleeping dry type, bent dry type or steep cliff formula.
Tea tree has many special kinds, and it has unique bud-leaf color and leaf form, and the bud-leaf color of the tea tree of mentioning in the present invention has purple, white, yellow and pattern; Bud as purple in having of violet, purple cuckoo, sun are admired purple bamboo shoot, purple bud Buddha's hand etc.; There are gold bud, golden chrysanthemum, a yellow leaf narcissus etc. in yellow system; The having the white tea in Anji, print snow-white tea, four and understand tea etc. of white color system; There is a Hua Yue in pattern system.Leaf have ellipse, avette, lanceolar, a fan-shaped and incomplete shape.
The present invention by the scion of the different tea tree breed of several tea shoot color adopt insert skin grafting method by different level, subregional grafting is in the right and wrong tangible old tea tree stake of the same branch of form, make same plant grow the bud-leaf of different colours, leaf look abundant made up tea tree and made the large shortcoming of potted landscape Leaf simultaneously; Again according to the natural form of old tea tree stake, by pruning, coil to prick, tea tree is carried out to moulding, produce straight dry type, oblique dry type, sleeping dry type, bent dry type or the tea tree potted landscape of steep cliff formula, form the tea tree potted landscape of rich color, tree-like grace, make up root, the too dull defect of stem of tea tree, greatly improved the ornamental value of tea tree potted landscape., tea culture is combined with penjing art, the chromatic beauty of tea tree stake, tree-like U.S., promoted the aesthetic value of special tea tree potted landscape meanwhile.
Breeding method of the present invention, not only there is the feature that cultivation period is short, cost is low, and effectively made up the defect that tea tree is made potted landscape, solved and selected stock base footpath thicker, the inaesthetic technical problem of tea tree potted landscape, create chromatic beauty, formal beauty improves the ornamental value of polychrome bud-leaf tea bonsai.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the form after the present invention prunes the old tea tree stake of selecting, and has indicated branch and has wanted crooked position.
Fig. 2 is the form after stub branch bending of the present invention, has shown the grafting point of selecting, wants grafting method and has wanted scion seeds.
Wherein: a and b represent grafting point, a represents to insert pico farad, b represents side grafting method, and B represents purple bud, and C represents gold bud, and D represents the white tea in Anji.
Fig. 3 is the figure that old tea tree stake of the present invention is coiled after pricking.
Fig. 4 is the formed tea tree potted landscape of the embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein: A is the branch of tea branch stake, be green; B is purple bud branch, is purple; C is gold bud branch, is yellow; D is the white tea branch in Anji, and bud-leaf is white spring, fades to green.
Embodiment
Following examples are only done further and are described in detail incubation step of the present invention, not limitation of the invention.
(1) stub is selected: the old tea tree stake of selection is 16 years raw stubs, according to the natural form of stub, is trimmed to soil top stub form in the basin shown in Fig. 1.
(2) excavate stub: at 1.5 meters of excavations of stub diameter, the degree of depth is 0.8 meter, and Xiang Tuqiu tiltedly digs bottom, cuts off axial root system, digs out old tea tree stake, keeps place soil not loose as far as possible, finally with straw rope, native ball is fixed.The stub digging is positioned over shady and cool place and shelters from heat or light, and sprays a small amount of moisture and on tea tree, carries out moisturizing.
(3) upper basin: select basin body to be about the potter's clay basin of tree crown 1/2, be covered with successively from bottom to up brick and tile particle, humus soil, river sand and tea place soil in potter's clay basin, the volume ratio of brick and tile particle, humus soil, river sand and tea place soil is 1:2:2:2.The old tea tree stake of digging is back carried out to root pruning, rotten of tea tree, long main root are wiped out, retain as much as possible fibrous root; With the naphthalene acid solution of 250ppm concentration, brush on root wound, in the potter's clay basin of then planting, after planting, with the naphthalene acid solution of 18ppm concentration, irrigate;
(4) stub management: when soil surface whiting or blade is micro-waters when sagging permeablely, the time of watering is every mornings 8 point-10 points, and be best 5 o'clock to 7 o'clock afternoon, carries out water and fertilizer management and the extermination of disease and insect pest (being existing routine techniques) of stub.
(5) crooked branch: after stub recovers growing way, to the branch at the 1-3 position in Fig. 1, adopt sawmilling wedge method to carry out bending, first determine and need crooked region and camber, in crooked region, saw several timber wedges, crooked after taking-up timber wedge, with slow with one's hands slow crooked branch, to required camber, then with wire, fix.After bending completes, with brown skin or cotton, wound is pricked and tied up, the stub form after bending is shown in Fig. 2.
(6) grafting: cultivate after crooked and carry out grafting half a year, adopt skin grafting and the side grafting method of inserting.The old tea tree stake of take is stock, choose the position of grafting point and see Fig. 2, the purple bud of clip, gold bud are scion with the annotinous branch that the white tea in Anji becomes to set top age, guarantee branch semi-lignified, robust growth, full without damage by disease and insect and bud, by the position shown in Fig. 2, use respectively slotting pico farad and the grafting of side grafting method on old tea tree.The form of scion is bud one leaf (leaf is full leaf) or bud two leaves (second leaf cuts off half), the upper end of scion, from the about 0.5cm of bud, cuts flat upper end, and brachyplast Lower Half is whittled into the inclined wedge-shaped of long 3-5cm, first cutter is goed deep into xylem approximately 1/2 place, then splay to tip forward.In scion reverse side left and right, respectively cut a cutter, length is short, in 1.5cm left and right, scion is fined away.At the smooth place of stock bark, indulging standardized cutter, deeply reach xylem, then insert scion, is that both sides form layer alignment, and white 0.5cm is stayed in scion, connects 50cm of rear use, the wide plastic strip colligation for 1.5 times of diameter of stock, interface, wound face is bound and is tied up sternly, then bagging.
(7) managing after grafting: 1) mend and to connect: every 15 days, grafting situation is observed will the mending and connect in time of grafting failure after grafting.2) except sprouting, solution ties up: after grafting survival, it is stable that scion has become in about 25 days, and young sprout is germinated elongation, when young sprout grows to bag top, in time hole cut off in bag top, allows the growth of young sprout nature broken bag, can unpacking after young sprout is aging.Its backsight interface healing state is removed film strip in good time.Carry out the control of rich water quality management and damage by disease and insect simultaneously.
(8) pruning: tea tree carries out bud picking, pinching, priming leaf, wound branch when vegetative period, carries out the short mode of cutting, bounce back, pruning off while stopping the term and carries out shaping.After grafting survival, when newly slightly growing 20cm left and right, start sizing, the branch of tea tree is soft, and according to design bundles of coiling, the attitude of formation Fig. 3, finally forms the tea tree potted landscape shown in Fig. 4.
Claims (5)
1. the breeding method of the various tea tree potted landscape of a form, is characterized in that, the method step is as follows:
(1) stub is selected: choose life in 15 years and make potted landscape with the old tea tree of upper branch grace, according to the natural form of tea tree stake, limb and branches and leaves are pruned, only retain moulding skeleton branch;
(2) excavate stub: dig out old tea tree stake, keep native ball place soil not loose, and with straw rope, native ball is fixed;
(3) upper basin: the old tea tree stake of digging is back carried out to root finishing, brush on root wound with the naphthalene acid solution of 200-300ppm concentration, in the potter's clay basin of then planting, irrigate with the naphthalene acid solution of 15-20ppm concentration after planting;
(4) stub management: water and fertilizer management and the extermination of disease and insect pest of carrying out stub;
(5) crooked branch: after stub recovers growing way, adopt sawmilling wedge method to carry out bending to part branch, after bending completes, with brown skin or cotton, wound is pricked and tied up;
(6) grafting: after branch recovers growing way, the old tea tree stake of take is stock, choose bud-leaf color and leaf different special tea tree breed the annotinous branch semi-lignified that becomes to set age top, robust growth, without damage by disease and insect, the full branch of bud, be scion, grafting method that adopt to insert skin and side grafting by different level subregional grafting on the moulding skeleton branch of old tea tree stake, grafting bar colligation for grafting mouth, then bagging;
(7) managing after grafting: after grafting survival, bag taking, solution is tied up, and except tiller, carries out the control of rich water quality management and damage by disease and insect;
(8) pruning: visualize the design drawing of potted landscape according to the backbone of tea tree and branch, according to design, branch is pruned, coils to prick and carry out moulding, produce tea tree potted landscape.
2. the breeding method of the various tea tree potted landscape of a kind of form as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, while excavating stub in described step (2), be that the degree of depth is 0.8-1.2 rice at 1.5 meters of excavations of stub diameter, Xiang Tuqiu tiltedly digs bottom, cut off axial root system, dig out old tea tree stake.
3. the breeding method of a kind of polychrome bud-leaf tea tree potted landscape as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in potter's clay basin, be covered with successively from top to bottom brick and tile particle, humus soil, river sand and tea place soil in described step (3), the volume ratio of brick and tile, humus soil, river sand and tea place soil is 1:2:2:2.
4. the breeding method of a kind of polychrome bud-leaf tea tree potted landscape as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the bud-leaf color of the special tea tree breed in described step (6) is purple, white, yellow and pattern; Leaf is oval, avette, lanceolar, fan-shaped and incomplete shape.
5. the breeding method of a kind of polychrome bud-leaf tea tree potted landscape as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the tea tree potted landscape in described step (8) is the tea tree potted landscape of straight dry type, oblique dry type, sleeping dry type, bent dry type or steep cliff formula.
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| CN105519368A (en) * | 2014-09-09 | 2016-04-27 | 刘江丽 | Method for shaping plant bonsai by binding foreign objects in creation of plant bonsai |
| CN104542007A (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2015-04-29 | 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 | One-year forming type fortunella venosa potted plant quick production technique |
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| CN105248063A (en) * | 2015-09-07 | 2016-01-20 | 李戴 | Bauhinia purpurea L withering regermination miniascape cultivation technology |
| CN105210684A (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2016-01-06 | 张掖市林业科学研究院 | A kind of dimorphism double-colored view elm engrafting and cultivating method |
| CN105638299A (en) * | 2016-01-12 | 2016-06-08 | 信阳市农业科学院 | Tea tree seedling potting matrix soil and potting method |
| CN105532281A (en) * | 2016-02-18 | 2016-05-04 | 陈建业 | Effort-saving quick trimming technology for tree bonsai by utilizing chemical agent |
| CN105532362A (en) * | 2016-02-18 | 2016-05-04 | 陈建业 | Labor-saving fast tree bonsai trimming technology |
| CN106688579A (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2017-05-24 | 太原城市职业技术学院 | Interior micro-bonsai cultivation method |
| CN109699431A (en) * | 2019-03-05 | 2019-05-03 | 广东省农业科学院茶叶研究所 | The preparation method of yellow or albino tea tree potted landscape |
| CN110122136A (en) * | 2019-04-18 | 2019-08-16 | 安徽省农业科学院茶叶研究所 | A kind of method and its application of each colour system tea tree breed mixed planting |
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| CN113207531A (en) * | 2021-05-07 | 2021-08-06 | 广东省农业科学院茶叶研究所 | Grafting method for multicolor landscape tea trees |
| CN114731923A (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2022-07-12 | 唐山职业技术学院 | Method for improving transplanting survival rate of wild old stumps and manufacturing bonsai by wild old stumps |
| CN117223570A (en) * | 2023-10-11 | 2023-12-15 | 江苏省林业科学研究院 | Method for modeling trunk of ulmus pumila bonsai |
| CN117223570B (en) * | 2023-10-11 | 2024-03-01 | 江苏省林业科学研究院 | Method for modeling trunk of ulmus pumila bonsai |
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