CN104003454B - Porous oxidation cobalt nanowire and preparation method thereof and application - Google Patents

Porous oxidation cobalt nanowire and preparation method thereof and application Download PDF

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CN104003454B
CN104003454B CN201410218728.1A CN201410218728A CN104003454B CN 104003454 B CN104003454 B CN 104003454B CN 201410218728 A CN201410218728 A CN 201410218728A CN 104003454 B CN104003454 B CN 104003454B
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nano wire
gas sensor
cobaltosic oxide
temperature
cobalt
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CN104003454A (en
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宋卫国
窦智峰
曹昌燕
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Institute of Chemistry CAS
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of porous oxidation cobalt nanowire and preparation method thereof and application.The method preparing cobaltosic oxide nano line provided by the invention, hydro-thermal reaction is carried out after comprising the steps: soluble inorganic cobalt salt, inorganic fluoride salt, alkali source and water to mix, collect flocks after completion of the reaction to calcine, obtain described cobaltosic oxide nano line.Surperficial Fluorin doped one dimension porous oxidation cobalt nanowire provided by the invention, has novel structure uniqueness, adaptability to raw materials is wide, cost is low, method is simple and safe, is easy to the advantages such as suitability for industrialized production.Air-sensitive prison (inspection) that it can be widely used in CO (carbon monoxide converter) gas inflammable, explosive, poisonous in environment is surveyed, and has wide application space.

Description

Porous oxidation cobalt nanowire and preparation method thereof and application
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of nanometer material technology, relate to a kind of porous oxidation cobalt nanowire and preparation method thereof and application.
Background technology
One-dimensional nano structure material, because it has higher table body ratio, the more physics characteristic exposing avtive spot and excellence, has broad application prospects in the field such as the energy, environment.The one dimension porous surface fluorine-ion-doped cobaltosic oxide nano line that the present invention relates to has had both the good physics advantage of one-dimensional material and porous material specific surface area is large, expose the many chemical advantages of avtive spot.This one dimension vesicular structure, is very beneficial for gas molecule and spreads at material surface, promotes that surface reaction is carried out; Simultaneously, by introducing fluorine-ion-doped at material surface, can improve the electron transport ability of material, promote that chemical signal is to electrical signal transmission, the realization of above 2 plays a key effect to the low temperature air-sensitive performance improving MOS type gas sensitive.This is because gas sensing complicated mechanism, influence factor are more, should fully take into account when carrying out design of material, good gas sensitive not only will have the chemical propertys such as good surface catalysis, surface reaction, also should have the physics characteristics such as suitable semiconductor energy level structure and electroconductibility simultaneously.The structure report of this kind of fluorine-ion-doped porous cobaltosic oxide nano line is there is not yet in current document.
Physicochemical property are stable, preparation cost is low owing to having for MOS type gas sensor, applied range, be easy to the plurality of advantages such as integrated, since its Successful commercial application first, it has been one of the study hotspot in gas sensitive research and development field always.Co3O4 nanometer material is the p-type semiconductor transition metal oxide material (E of a quasi-representative g≈ 1.48eV ~ 2.19eV), because having superior catalytic performance and good electric property, more and more come into one's own in gas sensing field.Such as, but at present, also there is the deficiency similar with other MOS type gas sensitive when tricobalt tetroxide is used as gas sensitive, response sensitivity is low, poor selectivity, working temperature are more high.This is because most metal-oxide semiconductor (MOS) resistivity under room temperature or nearly room temperature condition (is often greater than 10 very greatly on the one hand 8Ω cm), relatively little resistance change not easily detects; On the other hand, a lot of sensitive material only has surface at a higher temperature could produce abundant, effective active specy, causes surface conductivity to change.But, higher working temperature requires additional heating system in actual applications to maintain its best working order, this not only can increase energy consumption and use cost, simultaneously, when as the source of the gas monitoring element such as inflammable, explosive, the gas sensor of high heat itself can become potential initiating source, and use has the impact that low the working temperature even gas sensor of working and room temperature not only can effectively reduce or avoid above-mentioned unfavorable factor, and lower working temperature is highly beneficial to the selectivity improving gas sensitive.Therefore, the high-performance gas sensitive that developing low-cost preparation has a low working temperature has great practical significance.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of porous oxidation cobalt nanowire and preparation method thereof and application.
The method preparing cobaltosic oxide nano line provided by the invention, comprises the steps:
Carry out hydro-thermal reaction after soluble inorganic cobalt salt, inorganic fluoride salt, alkali source and water being mixed, collect flocks after completion of the reaction and calcine, obtain described cobaltosic oxide nano line.
In aforesaid method, described soluble inorganic cobalt salt is selected from least one in cobalt chloride, Jing Ti/Bao Pian COBALT NITRATE CRYSTALS/FLAKES and rose vitriol;
Described inorganic fluoride salt is Sodium Fluoride, Neutral ammonium fluoride or Potassium monofluoride;
Described alkali source is urea, sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate.
The mol ratio of described soluble cobalt, inorganic fluoride salt, alkali source is 1:1:1, and the mol ratio of described soluble cobalt and water is 1:3000 ~ 4000, is specially 1:3556;
In described hydro-thermal reaction step, temperature is 120-160 DEG C, and be specially 120 DEG C, 140 DEG C, 150 DEG C or 160 DEG C, the reaction times is 2-12 hour, is specially 2 hours, 4 hours, 8 hours or 12 hours.
In described calcining step, calcining temperature is 300-500 DEG C, be specially 300 DEG C, 350 DEG C, 400 DEG C or 450 DEG C, rising to by room temperature the temperature rise rate calcining temperature used is 1-5 DEG C/min, be specially 1 DEG C/min, 2 DEG C/min or 4 DEG C/min, time is 1-3 hour, is specially 1 hour, 2 hours or 3 hours.
In addition, the cobaltosic oxide nano line prepared according to the method described above, also belongs to protection scope of the present invention.Wherein, described nano wire is one dimension vesicular structure; The specific surface area of described nano wire is 60-20m 2/ g, is specially 45m 2/ g; The diameter of described nano wire is 50-150nm, is specially 100nm; The aperture of described nano wire mesopore is 2-50nm, is specially 3-30nm.
In addition, the cobaltosic oxide nano line that the invention described above provides, at the application prepared in gas sensor and the gas sensor containing this cobaltosic oxide nano line, also belongs to protection scope of the present invention.Wherein, described gas sensor is the gas sensor to carbon monoxide sensitivity; The working temperature of described gas sensor is not more than 100 DEG C, is nearly room temperature (T op≤ 100 DEG C).
The present invention utilizes the cheap cobalt salt of solubility, fluorinated inorganic salt and organic or inorganic alkali (salt) to be main raw material, has obtained a kind of nano-cobaltic-cobaltous oxide material with one dimension vesicular structure by hydro-thermal-solid-phase thermal process integrated process.
The method has the following advantages: one is cheaper starting materials, can realize the preparation of porous oxidation cobalt nanowire gas sensitive under relatively simple gentle experiment condition, this makes the choice of raw material very large, and actually operating is flexible and changeable, and method is simple, safety, cost are low, is easy to suitability for industrialized production; Two is that the porous oxidation cobalt nanowire prepared has larger specific surface area and specific one dimension vesicular structure, be very beneficial for the carrying out of detected gas molecular diffusion and surface reaction, be very beneficial for transporting of surface charge simultaneously, its nearly room temperature air-sensitive response performance is far superior to commercial oxidation cobalt, and there is the air-sensitive response selectivity of height, be particularly useful for carbon monoxide gas sensor.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is porous oxidation cobalt nanowire XRD figure spectrum obtained by embodiment 1.
Fig. 2 is porous oxidation cobalt nanowire SEM detection figure obtained by embodiment 1.
Fig. 3 is porous oxidation cobalt nanowire TEM detection figure obtained by embodiment 1.
Fig. 4 is porous oxidation cobalt nanowire HRTEM detection figure obtained by embodiment 1.
Fig. 5 is porous oxidation cobalt nanowire XPS spectrum figure obtained by embodiment 1
Fig. 6 is porous oxidation cobalt nanowire nitrogen Adsorption and desorption isotherms obtained by embodiment 1.
Fig. 7 is porous oxidation cobalt nanowire pore size distribution curve obtained by embodiment 1.
Fig. 8 is porous oxidation cobalt nanowire response-operational temperature curve obtained by embodiment 1.
Fig. 9 is porous oxidation cobalt nanowire CO gas concentration response dynamics scope curve obtained by embodiment 1.
Figure 10 is porous oxidation cobalt nanowire H obtained by embodiment 1 2gas concentration response dynamics scope curve.
Figure 11 is porous oxidation cobalt nanowire XRD figure spectrum obtained by embodiment 2.
Figure 12 is porous oxidation cobalt nanowire SEM detection figure obtained by embodiment 2.
Figure 13 is porous oxidation cobalt nanowire TEM detection figure obtained by embodiment 2.
Figure 14 is porous oxidation cobalt nanowire nitrogen Adsorption and desorption isotherms obtained by embodiment 2.
Figure 15 is porous oxidation cobalt nanowire pore size distribution curve obtained by embodiment 2.
Figure 16 is porous oxidation cobalt nanowire XRD figure spectrum obtained by embodiment 3.
Figure 17 is porous oxidation cobalt nanowire SEM detection figure obtained by embodiment 3.
Figure 18 is porous oxidation cobalt nanowire TEM detection figure obtained by embodiment 3.
Figure 19 is porous oxidation cobalt nanowire nitrogen Adsorption and desorption isotherms obtained by embodiment 3.
Figure 20 is porous oxidation cobalt nanowire pore size distribution curve obtained by embodiment 3.
Figure 21 is porous oxidation cobalt nanowire XRD figure spectrum obtained by embodiment 4.
Figure 22 is porous oxidation cobalt nanowire SEM detection figure obtained by embodiment 4.
Figure 23 is porous oxidation cobalt nanowire TEM detection figure obtained by embodiment 4.
Figure 24 is porous oxidation cobalt nanowire nitrogen Adsorption and desorption isotherms obtained by embodiment 4.
Figure 25 is porous oxidation cobalt nanowire pore size distribution curve obtained by embodiment 4.
Embodiment
The experimental technique used in following embodiment if no special instructions, is ordinary method.
Material used in following embodiment, reagent etc., if no special instructions, all can obtain from commercial channels.
In following embodiment, JEOL6701F type scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and JEOLJEM2100 type high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) is adopted to observe material sign pattern and microtexture;
RigakuD/max-2500 type x-ray powder diffraction instrument characterizes its crystalline structure;
Adopt XPS test material surface-element composition;
QuantachromeAutosorb-1 type specific surface area and pore distribution analyser is adopted to characterize its pore structure.
Adopt the air-sensitive performance of drop-coating assess sample, concrete grammar is as follows:
With pipettor measure ultrasonic disperse evenly after the aqueous dispersion 10 μ L of 40mg/mL embodiment gained cobaltosic oxide nano line, even dropping is on sensing sample platform, after volatilization is done naturally, static more than 12h in air at room temperature, after complete drying, above-mentioned sample table moved in gas sensing system and prepare to test, working temperature is by the online control of heating resistor, and CO gas concentration is by the online automatic control of mass type digital flowmeter.
Embodiment 1: take cobalt chloride as cobalt source
1.25mmol cobalt chloride, 1.25mmol urea are dissolved and is scattered in 40ml deionized water, as solution A;
Being dissolved by 1.25mmol Sodium Fluoride is scattered in 40ml deionized water, as solution B.
After solution A and solution B are mixed, be transferred in 100ml water heating kettle, leave standstill 12 hours in 120 DEG C.
After naturally cooling, pale pink flocks product after the reaction of centrifugation gained, washes with water several times, dry in 100 DEG C of baking ovens, gained dried powder is slowly warming up to 300 DEG C with the temperature rise rate of 1 DEG C/min in retort furnace, and calcining at constant temperature 3 hours, obtain product after naturally cooling.
Product is accredited as Emission in Cubic tricobalt tetroxide (as shown in Figure 1) through x-ray powder diffraction instrument;
With SEM (as shown in Figure 2) and TEM (as shown in Figure 3) to its morphology characterization, can find out that products therefrom is one dimension vesicular structure, the diameter of nano wire is about 100nm.
Further HRTEM characterizes (as shown in Figure 4), can clearly be seen that, one dimension porous nano line surface is containing a large amount of defect, step, hole etc.
XPS characterization result shows there is obvious fluorine element characteristic peak (as shown in Figure 5).
Utilize nitrogen adsorption methods to carry out pore texture sign (as shown in Figure 6) to it, record its BET method specific surface area and reach 56m 2/ g, utilizes BJH method to carry out characterizing (as shown in Figure 7) to its pore size distribution, and result display aperture mainly concentrates between 3 ~ 30nm.
Adopt a coating method that this sample is made gas sensitive device, gas sensing performance test has been carried out to CO gas, under the working temperature of result display resulting materials near 100 DEG C, best air-sensitive performance can be shown.(as shown in Figure 8), from its gas concentration responding range curve (as shown in Figure 9), in 10ppm ~ 200ppm concentration range, higher response sensitivity is shown to CO (carbon monoxide converter) gas, and under same condition, air-sensitive test (as shown in Figure 10) is carried out to hydrogen, then show very weak air-sensitive performance, show that this method gained gas sensitive has better air-sensitive response selectivity to CO.
Embodiment 2: take Jing Ti/Bao Pian COBALT NITRATE CRYSTALS/FLAKES as cobalt source
1.25mmol Jing Ti/Bao Pian COBALT NITRATE CRYSTALS/FLAKES and 1.25mmol urea being dissolved is scattered in 40ml deionized water, as solution A;
1.25mmol Sodium Fluoride dissolves and is scattered in 40ml deionized water, as solution B.
After solution A and solution B are mixed, be transferred in 100ml water heating kettle, in 150 DEG C of Water Under thermal responses 2 hours.After naturally cooling, pale pink flocks product after the reaction of centrifugation gained, wash with water several times, dry in 100 DEG C of baking ovens, gained dried powder is slowly warming up to 350 DEG C with the temperature rise rate of 2 DEG C/min in retort furnace, and calcining at constant temperature is after 2 hours, naturally cooling obtains products therefrom.
X-ray powder diffraction spectrogram identical with embodiment 1 (as shown in figure 11);
To its morphology characterization, can find out that it is also the one dimension porous nano line structure that diameter is about 100nm with SEM and TEM (respectively as shown in Figure 12 and Figure 13).
Utilize nitrogen adsorption methods to carry out pore texture sign (Figure 14) to it, recording its BET method specific surface area is 45m 2/ g, utilizes BJH method to carry out characterizing (Figure 15) to its pore size distribution, and result display aperture mainly concentrates between 8 ~ 30nm.
The gas sensing performance test results of CO gas and embodiment 1, without substantive difference, repeat no more herein.
Embodiment 3: inorganic carbonate sodium makes alkali source
1.25mmol cobalt chloride, 1.25mmol anhydrous sodium carbonate are dissolved and be scattered in 40ml deionized water, as solution A;
1.25mmol Sodium Fluoride dissolves and is scattered in 40ml deionized water, as solution B.
After solution A and solution B are mixed, be transferred in 100ml water heating kettle, leave standstill 4 hours in 140 DEG C.After naturally cooling, pale pink flocks product after the reaction of centrifugation gained, washes with water several times, dry in 100 DEG C of baking ovens, gained dried powder is slowly warming up to 400 DEG C with the temperature rise rate of 4 DEG C/min in retort furnace, and calcining at constant temperature is after 1 hour, and naturally cooling obtains product.
X-ray powder diffraction spectrogram identical with embodiment 1 (as shown in figure 16);
With SEM and TEM (respectively as shown in Figure 17 and Figure 18) to its morphology characterization, its products therefrom can be found out also to be diameter be the one dimension porous nano line structure of 100nm.
Utilize nitrogen adsorption methods to carry out pore texture sign (as Figure 19) to it, recording its BET method specific surface area is 32m 2/ g, utilizes BJH method to carry out characterizing (as Figure 20) to its pore size distribution, and result display aperture mainly concentrates between 10 ~ 45nm.
The gas sensing performance test results of CO gas and embodiment 1, without substantive difference, repeat no more herein.
Embodiment 4: using Neutral ammonium fluoride as fluorine source
1.25mmol Jing Ti/Bao Pian COBALT NITRATE CRYSTALS/FLAKES, 1.25mmol urea are dissolved and is scattered in 40ml deionized water, as solution A;
1.25mmol Neutral ammonium fluoride dissolves and is scattered in 40ml deionized water, as solution B.
After solution A and solution B are mixed, be transferred in 100ml water heating kettle, leave standstill 2 hours in 160 DEG C.After naturally cooling, pale pink flocks product after the reaction of centrifugation gained, washes with water several times, dry in 100 DEG C of baking ovens, gained dried powder is slowly warming up to 450 DEG C with the temperature rise rate of 4 DEG C/min in retort furnace, and calcining at constant temperature is after 1 hour, and naturally cooling obtains product.
Carry out pattern and structural characterization (respectively as shown in Figure 21, Figure 22 and Figure 23) to products therefrom, result display products therefrom is substantially the same manner as Example 2.
Utilize nitrogen adsorption methods to carry out pore texture sign (as Figure 24) to it, record its BET method specific surface area and reach 21m 2/ g, utilizes BJH method to carry out characterizing (as Figure 25) to its pore size distribution, and result display aperture mainly concentrates between 3 ~ 40nm.
The gas sensing performance test results of CO gas and embodiment 1, without substantive difference, repeat no more herein.

Claims (7)

1. prepare a method for cobaltosic oxide nano line, comprise the steps:
Carry out hydro-thermal reaction after soluble inorganic cobalt salt, inorganic fluoride salt, alkali source and water being mixed, calcine after collecting flocks drying after completion of the reaction, obtain described cobaltosic oxide nano line;
Described nano wire is one dimension vesicular structure;
The specific surface area of described nano wire is 60-20m 2/ g;
The diameter of described nano wire is 50-150nm;
The aperture of described nano wire mesopore is 2-50nm;
The mol ratio of described soluble cobalt, inorganic fluoride salt, alkali source is 1:1:1, and the mol ratio of described soluble cobalt and water is 1:3000 ~ 4000;
In described hydro-thermal reaction step, temperature is 120-160 DEG C, and the time is 2-12 hour;
In described calcining step, temperature is 300-500 DEG C, and rising to by room temperature the temperature rise rate calcining temperature used is 1-5 DEG C/min, and the time is 1-3 hour.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described soluble inorganic cobalt salt is selected from least one in cobalt chloride, Jing Ti/Bao Pian COBALT NITRATE CRYSTALS/FLAKES and rose vitriol;
Described inorganic fluoride salt is Sodium Fluoride, Neutral ammonium fluoride or Potassium monofluoride;
Described alkali source is urea, sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
In described calcining step, rising to by room temperature the temperature rise rate calcining temperature used is 4 DEG C/min.
4. the cobaltosic oxide nano line for preparing of the arbitrary described method of claim 1-3; Described nano wire is one dimension vesicular structure;
The specific surface area of described nano wire is 60-20m 2/ g;
The diameter of described nano wire is 50-150nm;
The aperture of described nano wire mesopore is 2-50nm.
5. cobaltosic oxide nano line according to claim 4, is characterized in that: the specific surface area of described nano wire is 45m 2/ g;
The diameter of described nano wire is 100nm;
The aperture of described nano wire mesopore is 3-30nm.
6. the application in gas sensor prepared by cobaltosic oxide nano line described in claim 4 or 5;
Described gas sensor is the gas sensor to carbon monoxide sensitivity;
The working temperature of described gas sensor is not more than 100 DEG C.
7. the gas sensor containing cobaltosic oxide nano line described in claim 4 or 5; Described gas sensor is the gas sensor to carbon monoxide sensitivity;
The working temperature of described gas sensor is not more than 100 DEG C.
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CN104966834A (en) * 2015-07-15 2015-10-07 扬州大学 Preparation method of squid-tentacle-shaped tricobalt tetraoxide lithium battery negative electrode material
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CN110871074A (en) * 2018-08-29 2020-03-10 天津大学 Porous nanosheet-based NiCo2O4Nanotube for high efficiency catalytic elimination of soot
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