CN103995781A - Method for generating component testing use cases based on model - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for generating component testing use cases based on a model, and belongs to the technical field of software testing, wherein the method is suitable for generating component units and regression testing use cases based on the design model. The method mainly includes the steps of firstly, describing component function logic and data objects based on the XML; secondly, setting up a mapping table of the data objects from the platform irrelative form to the platform related form; thirdly, completing the process of automatically converting the platform irrelative testing use cases to the platform related testing use cases and generating the use cases based on the mapping table. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the use cases are generated based on the design model and mapping of the data objects, the capacity for tracking and backtracking the process of generating the use cases as required during software testing is improved, the automation degree in the testing use case generation process is increased, the capacity and efficiency of flexibly responding to the software frequently-changing requirement during software testing are improved, and the method has good application and popularization value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to software testing technology field, specifically a kind of member (unit) method for generating test case based on model.
Background technology
In recent ten years, software size constantly expands, and the complicacy of software constantly increases, and Application development environ-ment, the development scheme etc. of software all changing being widely used as component technology.Under the overall background of this " variation ", user is also improving for the requirement of software quality.Therefore,, as a kind of effective means that improves software quality, software testing technology also needs to adapt to and development.Statistics shows: in software test expense, approximately 40% puts in test data, comprises the generation of test case and the inspection of test result.In addition, the automaticity of test process also has direct impact for the efficiency of the practice of test.
Along with the application maturation of modeling technique (especially UML), the test based on model becomes a kind of method being widely used in practice.Here " model " can be to design a model, and can be also the special test model creating.In the method, descriptor (generally including workflow and traffic flow information) based on model produces test case data, and by implementation of test cases with check/assessment test result to find potential trouble spot in software.
It is the basis of Experience of Software Testing Work that test case generates, and which kind of method of testing all relates to this problem.At present, although existing a variety of method for generating test case,, they still have very large distance apart from practical application.This is also one of principal element restricting at present software testing technology development.And in the world in some advanced Software Testing Tool, conventionally all avoid the automatic Generating Problems of test case, or a kind of automanual test case generating mode is provided at the most.Therefore, be engaged in both at home and abroad in the enterprise of software test, mostly adopt artificial or computer-assisted way generating test use case, their shortcoming is:
(1) test case generate need to spend a large amount of expenses (personnel, time etc.), and automaticity and efficiency low;
(2) variation of software logic can not be directly reflected in the renewal of test use cases, and the cost of realizing " as required " maintenance is high;
(3) although some Core Generators have reached robotization to a certain degree, realize too complexity, have relatively high expectations for user's professional technique.
In recent decades, along with software quality problem becomes increasingly conspicuous, the cost of software test and maintenance is more and more higher, and workload is also increasing.Statistics shows, at home and abroad, tests and substantially reaches 50% of software development total expenses, and sometimes even up to more than 80%, and wherein quite a few is the expense of artificial generation and maintenance work.
The automatic generation of test case is one of target of pursuing of software testing technology always.Although domestic and international many scientists pay very big effort for this reason,, correlative study achievement also has larger distance to application in practice smoothly.In addition, along with the development of component technology, if can be for the variation of member version " as required " generating test use case, all there is very important theory and realistic meaning for the quality etc. that improves member regression test efficiency, software systems based on member.
Summary of the invention
Technical assignment of the present invention is for above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, and a kind of component testing case generation method based on model is provided.The method can be according to given Software Design Model, express and carry out semantic automatic analysis for its function logic, and generate satisfactory test case set by the model conversion method of data object, improve test case " as required " generative process in software test tracking, recall ability, can increase substantially efficiency and automaticity that test case generates.
This invention is intended to by generating with data object Mapping implementation test case based on designing a model,
Technical assignment of the present invention is realized in the following manner: a kind of component testing case generation method based on model, is characterized in comprising the following steps:
Step 1: design a model according to selected UML, establishment can be described the XML document of member function logic (workflow);
Step 2: the status data comprising in analytical work stream and the data object comprising thereof, create data object semantic description table, the platform independence semantic feature of specified data object;
Step 3: according to definite target platform, analyze and grammar property, semantic span and the constraint clear and definite and data object that target platform is bound; Create on this basis platform independence to the relevant data object value mapping table of platform;
Step 4: traversal is described the XML document of member function logic, the workflow set that automatically produces counterpart member function logic;
Step 5: the data object semantic description table based on creating in step 2, the workflow set generating in conversion spread step four, the generating platform test case set that has nothing to do;
Step 6: the platform independence based on creating in step 3, to the relevant data object value mapping table of platform, carries out the conversion of data object for the platform independence test case set generating in step 5, generates the test case set relevant to target platform.
As preferably, step 1, based on the uml diagram having created, the XML of manual creation reflection member function logic describes document:
While creating XML document, according to each workflow in corresponding uml diagram, employing semanteme clearly XML label is translated and is described: adopt the respective element in predefined tag element descriptive model, comprise start node, end node, intermediate node, branch node, cyclic node, aggregation node and parallel node, and record and semantic annotations by Label_Config document.
Described tag element can be by user's self-defining and expansion.
Described component design model can be that third party creates, or the self-designed uml diagram of user, in order to clearly to describe the function logic of certain section of member---and corresponding different uml diagrams.
Step 2, according to each workflow in uml diagram, the status data that clearly mark each node wherein comprises, and the semantic description table NodeDescribeTable of manual creation data object:
The Expressive Features of described node state data comprises: state StatesBeforeExecution, input data set InputData and expection output data set ExpectOutputData before node NodeNo, execution;
Based on the Expressive Features of node state data, determine the set of data objects DataObjectSet comprising in each status data, wherein, the Expressive Features of each data object DataObject is: data object name ObjectName, characteristic attribute set ObjectAttributes.
Step 3, in object-oriented platform and step 2, analyze the set of data objects obtaining, based on established data object codomain and about beam analysis and automatically generate the concrete mapping status value of data object under target platform, and create on this basis data object by platform independence to the relevant value mapping table PItoPSMapTable of platform:
Wherein, the platform association attributes feature of data object comprises: parameter list paraList, and parameter value territory valueDomain, state valid data state(comprises bool type, true: valid data; False: invalid data), by codomain and the about beam analysis of data object under target platform, generate corresponding mapping object, and record its exceptional value set and normal value set.
Step 4, program pass is described the XML document of member function logic, generates test path set TestPaths corresponding to workflow, and its basic implementation is:
(1) start node S set tarts non-NULL, obtains a start node, obtains its child nodes according to the method for level traversal, and generates the set of paths of this start node to child nodes;
(2) if a child nodes is end node, turn to (5); If the non-end node of child nodes, this path temporarily deposits Temps set in; Until all child nodes of current start node are disposed;
(3) if temporary path set Temps is not empty, to each temporary path in Temps set, obtain the child nodes of its tail node, then turn to (2); Otherwise, turn to down (4);
(4) the workflow traversal that current start node starts is complete, if start node is empty in conjunction with Starts, turns to down (5), otherwise, turn to (1), continue to carry out;
(5) this respective path deposits TestPaths set in, generates test path set TestPaths.
Step 5, data object description list (comprising that the front state of execution, input data set close and expect that output data set closes) based on creating in step 2, each in test path set TestPaths can be changed and expand by execution route, the test case set PiTestCases that generating platform is irrelevant, basic implementation is as follows:
(1) if test path set TestPaths non-NULL, obtaining one can execution route;
(2) obtain current start node that can execution route, the node semantic description table NodeDescribeTable creating in query steps two, replaces this node with its corresponding status data Expressive Features (comprise carry out front state, input data set closes and expects that output data set closes);
(3) order obtains the next node in path, the node semantic description table NodeDescribeTable creating in query steps two, replaces this node with its corresponding status data Expressive Features (comprise carry out front state, input data set closes and expects that output data set closes);
Repeat (3), continue to process subsequent node, until all subsequent node are disposed, and the test case that conversion is generated deposits set PITestCases in;
Repeat (1)-(3), until all paths are converted and are disposed in test path set TestPaths, and the final irrelevant test case set PITestCases of generating platform.
Step 6, platform independence based on creating in step 3 is to the relevant data object value mapping table PItoPSMapTable of platform, the test case set PITestCases of the platform independence generating in treatment step five successively, by the relevant test case set PSTestCases of data conversion process automatic Generation Platform, basic implementation is as follows:
(1) if set PITestCases non-NULL is obtained a platform independence test case PiTC, and turn to down (2); Otherwise, be disposed;
(2) obtain the first data object in PiTC, the platform independence creating in query steps three is to the relevant data objects of value mapping table PItoPSMapTable of platform, with the data object in its corresponding platform correlation behavior data description feature (before carrying out, state, input data set close and expect that output data set closes) replacement PiTC
(2) step can be described as in refinement:
A) obtain first data object in PiTC; If without data object to be processed, turn to (3);
B) inquiry PItoPSMapTable, obtains its normal value set and exceptional value set, recording exceptional value number NUM, and normal value number only remembers 1;
C) copy NUM+1 PiTC backup, replace respectively NUM the first data object in backup PiTC by NUM exceptional value data, and rear replacement NUM test case PiTC ' deposited in and gather PSTestCases;
D) from normal value set, normal value of random selection is replaced a backup PiTC, and test case PiTC ' after this replacement is temporarily deposited in to PsTemp set;
E) from PsTemp, appoint and get a PiTC ', if get next data object, PiTC ' replaces current PiTC, and turns to A); If PsTemp is empty, turn to (3);
(3) turn to (1), continue to process next PiTC;
Repeat (1)-(3), until all platform independence test cases are processed complete in set PITestCases, and the final relevant test case set PSTestCases of generating platform.
Method of the present invention is on component design model basis, and the mapping of refining of the member function logical description form based on XML and the platform independence of data object, platform associated description form, realizes the automatic generation of member unit test case data.Compared with prior art there is following outstanding beneficial effect:
(1) same data object is the description form that platform independence is relevant with platform under different phase, and refining mapping between them is described and configured by database bivariate table, and process implementation is simple, easy to understand and use.
(2) by the relevant test case of platform can reversely date back to platform independence test case and can execution route source, this contributes to implement test case validation verification based on feedback and the correctness assessment of model.
(3) only need to be simple and easy to the XML content of use and the renewal of related tables, can complete the test case generation work for member different editions.Effectively improve the efficiency of member regression test, different editions component testing.
Brief description of the drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is the data object meta-model of platform independence in the inventive method;
Accompanying drawing 2 is data object meta-models that in the inventive method, platform is relevant;
Accompanying drawing 3 be in the inventive method platform independence to the generation schematic diagram of platform dependence test use-case.
Embodiment
A kind of component testing case generation method based on model of the present invention is described in detail below with specific embodiment with reference to Figure of description.
Embodiment:
In component testing case generation method based on model of the present invention, the data object meta-model of platform independence as shown in Figure 1, as shown in Figure 2, the conversion claimed process between the data object of platform independence two kind forms relevant to platform as shown in Figure 3 for the relevant data object meta-model of platform.Its specific implementation process comprises the following steps:
Step 1: based on the uml diagram having created, the XML of manual creation reflection member function logic describes document:
While creating XML document, according to each workflow in corresponding uml diagram, employing semanteme clearly XML label is translated and is described.Adopt the element in the corresponding descriptive model of predefined tag element, comprise start node, end node, intermediate node, branch node, cyclic node, aggregation node, parallel node etc.Tag element can be by user's self-defining and expansion.All tag element all record and semantic tagger by Label_Config document.
Step 2: according to each workflow in uml diagram, the status data that clearly mark each node wherein comprises, and the semantic description table NodeDescribeTable of manual creation data object:
The Expressive Features of described node state data comprises: state StatesBeforeExecution, input data set InputData and expection output data set ExpectOutputData before node NodeNo, execution;
Based on the Expressive Features of node state data, determine the set of data objects DataObjectSet comprising in each status data, wherein, the Expressive Features of each data object DataObject is: data object name ObjectName, characteristic attribute set ObjectAttributes.
Step 3: analyze the set of data objects obtaining in object-oriented platform and step 2, based on established data object codomain and about beam analysis and automatically generate the concrete mapping status value of data object under target platform, and create on this basis data object by platform independence to the relevant value mapping table PItoPSMapTable of platform:
Wherein, the platform association attributes feature of data object comprises: parameter list paraList, and parameter value territory valueDomain, state valid data state(comprises bool type, true: valid data; False: invalid data), by codomain and the about beam analysis of data object under target platform, generate corresponding mapping object, and record its exceptional value set and normal value set.
Step 4: traversal is described the XML document of member function logic, the workflow set that automatically produces counterpart member function logic
Its basic implementation is:
(1) start node S set tarts non-NULL, obtains a start node, obtains its child nodes according to the method for level traversal, and generates the set of paths of this start node to child nodes;
(2) if a child nodes is end node, turn to (5); If the non-end node of child nodes, this path temporarily deposits Temps set in; Until all child nodes of current start node are disposed;
(3) if temporary path set Temps is not empty, to each temporary path in Temps set, obtain the child nodes of its tail node, then turn to (2); Otherwise, turn to down (4);
(4) the workflow traversal that current start node starts is complete, if start node is empty in conjunction with Starts, turns to down (5), otherwise, turn to (1), continue to carry out;
(5) this respective path deposits TestPaths set in, generates test path set TestPaths.
Step 5: the data object description list (comprising that the front state of execution, input data set close and expect that output data set closes) based on creating in step 2, each in test path set TestPaths can be changed and expand by execution route to the test case set PiTestCases that generating platform is irrelevant.
Basic implementation is as follows:
(1) if test path set TestPaths non-NULL, obtaining one can execution route;
(2) obtain current start node that can execution route, the node semantic description table NodeDescribeTable creating in query steps two, replaces this node with its corresponding status data Expressive Features (comprise carry out front state, input data set closes and expects that output data set closes);
(3) order obtains the next node in path, the node semantic description table NodeDescribeTable creating in query steps two, replaces this node with its corresponding status data Expressive Features (comprise carry out front state, input data set closes and expects that output data set closes);
Repeat (3), continue to process subsequent node, until all subsequent node are disposed, and the test case that conversion is generated deposits set PITestCases in;
Repeat (1)-(3), until all paths are converted and are disposed in test path set TestPaths, and the final irrelevant test case set PITestCases of generating platform.
Step 6: the platform independence based on creating in step 3 is to the relevant data object value mapping table PItoPSMapTable of platform, the test case set PITestCases of the platform independence generating in treatment step five successively, by the relevant test case set PSTestCases of data conversion process automatic Generation Platform, basic implementation is as follows:
(1) if set PITestCases non-NULL is obtained a platform independence test case PiTC, and turn to down (2); Otherwise, be disposed;
(2) obtain the first data object in PiTC, the platform independence creating in query steps three is to the relevant data objects of value mapping table PItoPSMapTable of platform, with the data object in its corresponding platform correlation behavior data description feature (before carrying out, state, input data set close and expect that output data set closes) replacement PiTC
(2) step can be described as in refinement:
A) obtain first data object in PiTC; If without data object to be processed, turn to (3);
B) inquiry PItoPSMapTable, obtains its normal value set and exceptional value set, recording exceptional value number NUM, and normal value number only remembers 1;
C) copy NUM+1 PiTC backup, replace respectively NUM the first data object in backup PiTC by NUM exceptional value data, and rear replacement NUM test case PiTC ' deposited in and gather PSTestCases;
D) from normal value set, normal value of random selection is replaced a backup PiTC, and test case PiTC ' after this replacement is temporarily deposited in to PsTemp set;
E) from PsTemp, appoint and get a PiTC ', if get next data object, PiTC ' replaces current PiTC, and turns to A); If PsTemp is empty, turn to (3);
(3) turn to (1), continue to process next PiTC;
Repeat (1)-(3), until all platform independence test cases are processed complete in set PITestCases, and the final relevant test case set PSTestCases of generating platform.
Claims (7)
1. the component testing case generation method based on model, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
Step 1: design a model according to selected UML, establishment can be described the XML document of member function logic;
Step 2: the status data comprising in analytical work stream and the data object comprising thereof, create data object semantic description table, the platform independence semantic feature of specified data object;
Step 3: according to definite target platform, analyze and grammar property, semantic span and the constraint clear and definite and data object that target platform is bound; Create on this basis platform independence to the relevant data object value mapping table of platform;
Step 4: traversal is described the XML document of member function logic, the workflow set that automatically produces counterpart member function logic;
Step 5: the data object semantic description table based on creating in step 2, the workflow set generating in conversion spread step four, the generating platform test case set that has nothing to do;
Step 6: the platform independence based on creating in step 3, to the relevant data object value mapping table of platform, carries out the conversion of data object for the platform independence test case set generating in step 5, generates the test case set relevant to target platform.
2. the component testing case generation method based on model according to claim 1, is characterized in that in step 1, and based on the uml diagram having created, the XML of manual creation reflection member function logic describes document:
While creating XML document, according to each workflow in corresponding uml diagram, employing semanteme clearly XML label is translated and is described, adopt the respective element in predefined tag element descriptive model, comprise start node, end node, intermediate node, branch node, cyclic node, aggregation node and parallel node, and record and semantic annotations by Label_Config document.
3. the component testing case generation method based on model according to claim 1, it is characterized in that in step 2, according to each workflow in uml diagram, the status data that clearly mark each node wherein comprises, and the semantic description table NodeDescribeTable of manual creation data object:
The Expressive Features of described node state data comprises: state StatesBeforeExecution, input data set InputData and expection output data set ExpectOutputData before node NodeNo, execution;
Based on the Expressive Features of node state data, determine the set of data objects DataObjectSet comprising in each status data, wherein, the Expressive Features of each data object DataObject is: data object name ObjectName, characteristic attribute set ObjectAttributes.
4. the component testing case generation method based on model according to claim 1, it is characterized in that in step 3, in object-oriented platform and step 2, analyze the set of data objects obtaining, based on established data object codomain and about beam analysis and automatically generate the concrete mapping status value of data object under target platform, and create on this basis data object by platform independence to the relevant value mapping table PItoPSMapTable of platform:
Wherein, the platform association attributes feature of data object comprises: parameter list paraList, parameter value territory valueDomain, state valid data state, by codomain and the about beam analysis of data object under target platform, generate corresponding mapping object, and record its exceptional value set and normal value set.
5. the component testing case generation method based on model according to claim 1, it is characterized in that in step 4, program pass is described the XML document of member function logic, generates test path set TestPaths corresponding to workflow, and its basic implementation is:
(1) start node S set tarts non-NULL, obtains a start node, obtains its child nodes according to the method for level traversal, and generates the set of paths of this start node to child nodes;
(2) if a child nodes is end node, turn to (5); If the non-end node of child nodes, this path temporarily deposits Temps set in; Until all child nodes of current start node are disposed;
(3) if temporary path set Temps is not empty, to each temporary path in Temps set, obtain the child nodes of its tail node, then turn to (2); Otherwise, turn to down (4);
(4) the workflow traversal that current start node starts is complete, if start node is empty in conjunction with Starts, turns to down (5), otherwise, turn to (1), continue to carry out;
(5) this respective path deposits TestPaths set in, generates test path set TestPaths.
6. the component testing case generation method based on model according to claim 1, it is characterized in that in step 5, data object description list based on creating in step 2, each in test path set TestPaths can be changed and expand by execution route, the test case set PiTestCases that generating platform is irrelevant, basic implementation is as follows:
(1) if test path set TestPaths non-NULL, obtaining one can execution route;
(2) obtain current start node that can execution route, the node semantic description table NodeDescribeTable creating in query steps two, replaces this node with its corresponding status data Expressive Features;
(3) order obtains the next node in path, and the node semantic description table NodeDescribeTable creating in query steps two replaces this node with its corresponding status data Expressive Features;
Repeat (3), continue to process subsequent node, until all subsequent node are disposed, and the test case that conversion is generated deposits set PITestCases in;
Repeat (1)-(3), until all paths are converted and are disposed in test path set TestPaths, and the final irrelevant test case set PITestCases of generating platform.
7. the component testing case generation method based on model according to claim 1, it is characterized in that in step 6, platform independence based on creating in step 3 is to the relevant data object value mapping table PItoPSMapTable of platform, the test case set PITestCases of the platform independence generating in treatment step five successively, by the relevant test case set PSTestCases of data conversion process automatic Generation Platform, basic implementation is as follows:
(1) if set PITestCases non-NULL is obtained a platform independence test case PiTC, and turn to down (2); Otherwise, be disposed;
(2) obtain the first data object in PiTC, the platform independence creating in query steps three is to the relevant data objects of value mapping table PItoPSMapTable of platform, replace the data object in PiTC by its corresponding platform correlation behavior data description feature, concrete steps comprise:
A) obtain first data object in PiTC; If without data object to be processed, turn to (3);
B) inquiry PItoPSMapTable, obtains its normal value set and exceptional value set, recording exceptional value number NUM, and normal value number only remembers 1;
C) copy NUM+1 PiTC backup, replace respectively NUM the first data object in backup PiTC by NUM exceptional value data, and rear replacement NUM test case PiTC ' deposited in and gather PSTestCases;
D) from normal value set, normal value of random selection is replaced a backup PiTC, and test case PiTC ' after this replacement is temporarily deposited in to PsTemp set;
E) from PsTemp, appoint and get a PiTC ', if get next data object, PiTC ' replaces current PiTC, and turns to A); If PsTemp is empty, turn to (3);
(3) turn to (1), continue to process next PiTC;
Repeat (1)-(3), until all platform independence test cases are processed complete in set PITestCases, and the final relevant test case set PSTestCases of generating platform.
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