CN103987519A - 用在车辆或建筑物中的复合玻璃 - Google Patents
用在车辆或建筑物中的复合玻璃 Download PDFInfo
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- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
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- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
- C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
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- C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
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- B32B2605/00—Vehicles
- B32B2605/006—Transparent parts other than made from inorganic glass, e.g. polycarbonate glazings
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用在车辆或建筑物中的复合玻璃,其能够选择性反射日光波长光谱中的电磁辐射。在根据本发明的复合玻璃中存在光学多层体系,该多层体系具有日光总透射率TTs<40%、在可见光波长范围内的透射率Tvis>70%、在可见光波长范围内的反射率Rvis<12%。该多层体系具有根据用于反射的ASTM308(照明光源D65和标准观测者10°)测定的反射色为在光垂直入射时在由值为-5至5的Ra*和值为-25至-40的Rb*限定的颜色空间内。单独地或附加地,该复合玻璃具有根据用于透射和反射的ASTM308的反射色为在光垂直入射时在由值为-5至5的Ra*和值为-20至-40的Rb*限定的颜色空间(颜色盒)内。
Description
本发明涉及用在车辆或建筑物中的选择性反射日光波长光谱的电磁辐射的复合玻璃。为此使用光学上部分透明的多层体系。
这种多层体系用于有针对地选择性影响太阳发射的电磁辐射的透射及反射,并且由此通过本身已知的真空涂覆方法,特别是PVD方法,在对于电磁辐射透明的基材,如特别是玻璃或聚合物膜上形成为薄层。与此目的相关的是,尽可能大比例地反射不可见光范围(例如太阳能范围或近红外光谱范围)的辐射,使得透射的太阳能的比例最小。一个特殊的目的在于,将透过在上述载体上配备有这种多层体系的复合玻璃的允许透过的日光总透射率TTs(按照DIN ISO 13837,情形1计算)的值限制成最大为由太阳发射并到达地球表面的电磁辐射的40%。由此意在使室内或车辆内部的升温最小化并减小用以实现使位于室内或车内的人员感觉舒适的环境气候的能量消耗。然而,与此相反,尽可能高比例的在可见光范围内的辐射不应被反射,也尽可能地不被吸收,以至于太阳辐射的人眼可见的部分(Tvis,按照照明光源A和观测者2°的ASTM E 308计算,Rvis也按照相同的标准计算)可保留70%以上。这种对Tvis的要求对于在汽车玻璃中的应用是法律规定的。
为此,长期以来使用多层体系,其在基材(玻璃或塑料)上形成。在此,其可以是高和低折射率的介电材料层叠置形成的交替层体系。
也经常使用与薄介电层(氧化物和氮化物)交替的薄金属层。所述氧化物或氮化物应当具有在550nm波长下在1.8至2.5范围的光学折射率。
除了其它的反射金属(例如金或铜),对于金属层优选使用银或银合金(Ag-Au、Ag-Cu、Ag-Pd等),其具有对于这些应用而言非常好的光学特性。
除了影响选择性透射和反射从太阳发射的电磁辐射而外,还存在对车辆或建筑物中使用的玻璃的美学要求,这涉及光学色彩效果。例如,传统的光学多层体系在反射方面具有中性的或非显著的绿色或蓝色的色彩效果。然而,经常也期望获得匹配车辆或建筑的整体效果的其它色彩效果。
因此,本发明的目的在于,提供用在车辆或建筑物中的复合玻璃,其具有鲜艳的蓝色色彩效果并且实现TTs< 40%和优选具有高的视觉透射率Tvis> 70%。
根据本发明,此目的通过具有权利要求1的特征的复合玻璃实现。以从属权利要求中描述的特征可以实现有利的实施方案和扩展方案。
根据本发明的复合玻璃具有光学的多层体系,用所述多层体系可实现日光总透射率TTs < 40%、在可见光波长范围内的透射率Tvis > 70%、在可见光波长范围内的反射率Rvis < 12 %。该光学多层体系可以直接形成在玻璃表面或在光学透明的聚合物膜或者其它适当的载体材料上。经涂覆的聚合物膜或载体材料可用粘附力促进剂或促进粘附力的膜平面固定在玻璃表面上,或者被包围在两个能够由此彼此相连的玻璃板之间。
根据ISO 13837确定能量的透射率、例如日光总透射率TTs。
此外,所述复合玻璃具有反射色,其根据用于透射和反射的ASTM 308在光垂直入射时在由值为-5至5 的Ra*和值为-25至-40的 Rb*限定的颜色空间内,并且在此以照明光源D65和标准观测者10°测定反射色。
单独地或附加地,反射色可以在光入射角为60°时也位于由值为0至12的 Ra*和值为-20至-30的Rb*限定的颜色空间内,其中所述反射色在此用照明光源D65和标准观测者10°测定。
为测定反射色,可以使用分光光度计,其优选具有积分球,例如由Perkin Elmer公司以型号名称PE900可获得。
反射色可以在光垂直入射时围绕强度中心Ra* = 0、Rb* = -35在更小的颜色空间内在Ra*和Rb*的值各为±5、优选±2范围的一个或多个颜色空间内。
在光线入射角为60°时,反射色的值可以围绕强度中心Ra* = 7、Rb* = -25在Ra*和Rb*的值各为±5、优选±2的范围的一个或多个颜色空间内。
由于制造造成的层厚度变化(通常为各自目标层厚度的±2%)得出颜色空间的大小,该层厚度变化影响准确的颜色位置(Farblage)。
用于选择性反射日光波长光谱中的电磁辐射的光学多层体系可以形成有至少一层由银或银合金制成的层和至少一层介电层。银层或用银合金制成的层可以具有在5 nm至25 nm范围的层厚度,介电层可以具有5 nm至150 nm范围的层厚度。
如果银层或用银合金制成的层在两个表面上全面地各涂覆有种子层(seed layer)和覆盖层(cap layer)是有利的。
除了纯银之外,也可以使用包含极小比例的Au、Pd或Cu的银合金。以下将这些层通称为银层。在银合金中,所包含的其它金属的比例应当很小,尽可能保持小于2%。
一个光学多层体系或多个这种多层体系可以叠置形成于玻璃-或聚合物表面上。在此,可采用传统的真空覆覆方法,特别是PVD法,且特别有利地采用磁控管溅射。
为形成所述种子层和覆盖层,可以使用混合氧化物ZnO:X,其中X例如为Al2O3, Ga2O3、SnO2、In2O3或者MgO。所述种子层和/或覆盖层应具有5 nm至15 nm范围的层厚度,银层可以具有5 nm和25 nm之间的层厚度,优选为10 nm。
覆盖层也可以由薄的金属层-所谓的阻隔层-构成,其中阻隔层通常由Ti、NiCr 和Cu构成并且具有< 5 nm的层厚度。
有利地,存在形成从两侧包围所述多层体系的额外的介电层的可能性。
为了实现光学多银层体系,可以以覆覆步骤顺序沉积两个或更多个单银层体系,优选三个单银层体系。单银层体系可以是由介电层、薄的种子层、银层、覆盖层和最后的介电层构成的结构。
为了能够实现期望的光学特性,所述银层的厚度以及介电层的厚度应该匹配。
存在于这种多层体系中的介电层通常在550 nm的波长下具有n > 1.8的折射率和较小的吸收率,并且例如可以由In2O3构成。
形成在两个银层之间的可由覆盖层、介电层和种子层组成的介电层结构在光学过滤体系中具有介电间隔层的作用,用于界定光谱透射范围的位置以及复合玻璃的颜色感觉。使用介电材料作为种子层和覆盖层是有利的,因为种子层和覆盖层的厚度属于介电间隔层的层厚度并因此如其它介电材料一般引起相应的光学作用,因此它们对于整体的光学作用有贡献。
因此,在作为基材的PET膜上具有三层各被种子层和覆盖层以及介电层包围的银层的多层体系结构中并将如此涂覆的膜用于玻璃层压件中时可以保持透射的辐射的总比例TTS < 40 %、透射的可见光波长光谱中的辐射的比例Tvis > 70 %、反射的可见光波长光谱中的辐射的比例Rvis < 10 %。
对于光学多层体系的制造和参数如何用在本发明中的其它可能性和启示也可以从未公开的文献DE 10 2011 116 191获知,其公开内容通过引用全文并入本发明中。
以下意在示例性地对本发明进行更详细地说明。
附图中:
图1示出了在光垂直入射时在颜色空间内的反射色的图表;
图2示出了在60°角度下的光入射时在颜色空间内的反射色的图表;
图3以示意图形式示出了一个实施例,其中在多层体系结构中存在三个银层,每个银层各自具有种子层和覆盖层;以及
图4示出了用于安装根据本发明的具有嵌入复合玻璃中的塑料膜的多层体系的示意图。
图1中示出的图表给出了在光垂直入射时在颜色空间内的反射色。在此,反射色的各项数值如说明书的通用部分中所解释般测定。根据现有技术,相应于值为0至-5的Ra*和相应于值为-8至-4的Rb*的颜色空间是优选的。在此,具体得到的值以■标记。明显的是,其全部位于绿色区域内而仅一个示例性的值位于红色区域内。示出的色彩坐标是在市售复合玻璃(机动车挡风玻璃)中测定的。在此,其代表现有技术但全部都具有> 40%(> 45%)的TTS。
应遵循本发明的颜色空间在图表中在下部示出并且表征深蓝的反射色。也有两个在根据本发明的复合玻璃(见下文的实施例)上测定的以▲标记的具体值。
在图2中示出的图表中示出了相应于在60°和照明光源D65下的光入射的颜色空间和值。根据现有技术的具体值以□标记且根据本发明的反射色的具体值以△标记。
图3中示出的具有三个银层4的多层体系结构通过三个涂覆步骤在PET基材1上实现,所述银层各自形成在种子层3与覆盖层5之间。
由此,形成在基材1上的由In2O3构成的介电层2应具有20 nm至50 nm的层厚度,由In2O3构成的形成在覆盖层5和种子层3之间的介电层6应具有40 nm至150 nm范围的厚度。由In2O3构成的形成在远离基材1的外表面上的介电层7应具有20 nm至70 nm范围的厚度。所有的银层应具有7 nm至25 nm范围的厚度。
此外,由三个叠置形成的相应于本发明的多层体系构成的多层体系可以通过调整各个层厚度进一步被优化,以在玻璃层压件中实现TTs < 40 %、Tvis > 70 % 和Rvis < 10 %的特性。“玻璃层压件”的结构在图4中示出。在此,1是PET基材,8是根据本发明的具有三个银层的多层体系,9是PVB(聚乙烯醇缩丁醛)层,10是玻璃。
在图3中示出的实施例中,种子层3的层厚度保持为8 nm,覆盖层5的层厚度保持为7 nm。银层4具有以下厚度(从基材1开始):第一银层= 8.7 nm,第二银层= 16.9nm,和第三银层=13.7 nm。介电层由In2O3制成并且同样从基材1开始具有以下厚度:1. 由In2O3构成的层2= 24 nm,2. 由In2O3构成的层6= 76 nm,3. 由In2O3构成的层6= 90 nm,4. 由In2O3构成的层7= 32 nm。
以这种层体系,在“玻璃层压件”中得到下述值:
Tvis (A, 2°) = 72.4 %
Rvis (A, 2°) = 9.l %
TTS (ISO) = 38.1 %
Ra* (D65, 10°) 垂直= 0.7
Rb* (D65, 10°) 垂直 = -38.0
Ra* (D65, 10°) 光入射 60° = 9.5
Rb* (D65, 10°) 光入射60° = -25.5
Claims (6)
1.用于车辆或建筑物中的复合玻璃,在所述复合玻璃中存在光学多层体系,所述多层体系具有日光总透射率TTs < 40%、在可见光波长范围的透射率Tvis > 70%、在可见光波长范围的反射率Rvis < 12 %,并具有根据用于反射的ASTM 308(照明光源D65和标准观测者10°)测定的下述反射色:在光垂直入射时在由值为-5至5的 Ra*和值为-25至-40的Rb*限定的颜色空间内,和/或在光入射角为60°时在由值为0至12的 Ra*和值为-20至-30的Rb*限定的颜色空间内。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合玻璃,其特征在于,所述反射色在光垂直入射时围绕强度中心Ra* = 0、Rb* = -35在更小的颜色空间内在Ra*和Rb*的值各为±5范围的一个或多个颜色空间内。
3.根据权利要求1所述的复合玻璃,其特征在于,所述反射色在光线入射角为60°时围绕强度中心Ra* = 7、Rb* = -25在更小的颜色空间内在Ra*和Rb*的值各为±5范围的一个或多个颜色空间内。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的复合玻璃,其特征在于,形成具有至少一层由银或银合金构成的层和至少一层介电层的所述光学多层体系。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的复合玻璃,其特征在于,银层或由银合金构成的层具有5 nm至25 nm范围的层厚度,且介电层具有5 nm至150 nm范围的层厚度。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的复合玻璃,其特征在于,所述光学层体系优选包含三层被介电间隔层彼此分隔的银层。
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TWI577543B (zh) | 2013-12-30 | 2017-04-11 | 聖高拜塑膠製品公司 | 展現改良的光對太陽能增益熱比率的光學膜 |
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