CN103986203A - Storage battery and method for adjusting storage battery voltage by using quality factors - Google Patents
Storage battery and method for adjusting storage battery voltage by using quality factors Download PDFInfo
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- CN103986203A CN103986203A CN201410129533.XA CN201410129533A CN103986203A CN 103986203 A CN103986203 A CN 103986203A CN 201410129533 A CN201410129533 A CN 201410129533A CN 103986203 A CN103986203 A CN 103986203A
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- storage battery
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- list pond
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0024—Parallel/serial switching of connection of batteries to charge or load circuit
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for adjusting storage battery voltage by using quality factors. The storage battery comprises a plurality of single-cell storage batteries that are selectively connected and bridged to a storage battery group. In the method, the storage battery voltage is adjusted to expected nominal voltage through alternative control (15) of the plurality of single-cell storage batteries. Through center control signals and average connection time assigned to corresponding single-cell storage batteries by the center control signals on the basis of matching of a plurality of quality factors (G), each single-cell storage battery is connected. The plurality of quality factors (G) are respectively selected corresponding to current state of the single-cell storage batteries. The invention provides the storage battery which is provided with an adjusting electronic device used for implementing the method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of the battery tension that regulates storage battery, this storage battery comprises the multiple storage battery lists pond that optionally connects and be connected to batteries, wherein, by the control replacing in multiple storage battery lists pond, battery tension is adjusted in the method to the nominal voltage of expectation.In addition, the present invention relates to a kind of storage battery, its have at least one have multiple by control device connect and the batteries in the storage battery list pond of cross-over connection batteries, for obtain multiple storage battery lists pond operational factor acquisition device and for regulating the adjusting electronic installation of battery tension.
Background technology
In the future, be in static application or in the vehicle of for example motor vehicle driven by mixed power and motor vehicle, all will use more and more battery system.In order can to meet the requirement for voltage providing for various application and adjustable power to be provided, be connected in series more storage battery list pond, thereby form the batteries that battery tension is provided.The storage battery list pond that is also often connected in parallel extra in order to obtain high battery current.
Multiple storage batterys have been described in the application before applicant, and it has with batteries variable or adjustable battery tension.It,, by activating storage battery list pond or the battery module of some, makes its total voltage realize corresponding to the nominal value of the expectation for battery tension, wherein by deexcitation or cross-over connection other, unwanted multiple storage battery lists pond.In addition, implement the control of the multiple coupling circuits to multiple storage battery lists pond according to prior art by microcontroller, wherein, this microcontroller is conventionally isolated by electricity and then is communicated with central control device.This coupling circuit can pass through semiconductor switch, especially mosfet transistor and separately under drive circuit realize.Semiconductor switch can be placed in during half-bridge setting or full-bridge arrange.In addition, can be arranged for to each in individual coupling circuit the battery module of connecting single storage battery list pond or thering is multiple storage battery lists pond.Must notify each coupling circuit by communication interface or by signal transmission connection (communication bus) by central control device at this, whether should connect or cross-over connection storage battery list pond or battery module, or should connect which transistor and not connect which transistor.
The shortcoming of the method is the high communication cost of requirement, especially, reduce the quantity in multiple battery modules of connecting by coupling unit or multiple storage battery lists pond during when the meticulous voltage classification in order to realize battery tension, there is the degree with especially high in this communication cost.High communication cost especially based on to obtain enough robustnesss and the effectively requirement of battery system, multiple storage battery list ponds or multiple battery module conventionally must be located in real time and connect.
Summary of the invention
Propose a kind ofly for regulating the method for battery tension of storage battery according to invention, described storage battery comprises the multiple storage battery lists pond that optionally connects and be connected to batteries.In the method the control replacing by multiple storage battery lists pond just battery tension be adjusted to the nominal voltage of expectation.In addition, the coupling based on multiple quality factors by central control signal and central control signal is connected each storage battery list pond to distribute to be connected the average turn-on time in corresponding storage battery list pond, wherein, respectively corresponding to existing storage battery list pond state select multiple quality factors.
The storage battery with at least one batteries is provided in addition according to a further aspect of the invention, and this batteries has and multiplely connects and the storage battery list pond of cross-over connection batteries by control device.This storage battery also has the acquisition device of the operational factor for obtaining multiple storage battery lists pond and for regulating the adjusting electronic installation of battery tension.This adjusting electronic installation has the determining device of the quality factor for determined storage battery list pond by obtained operational factor and is provided for implementation basis method of the present invention.
A kind of motor vehicle is provided according to a further aspect in the invention, and it has motor and is set up the storage battery having according to invention, and this storage battery provides electric energy for motor.
Advantage of the present invention is to realize the significantly reduction of communications cost.This advantage especially realizes by the control of central control signal according to invention by multiple storage battery lists pond.The present invention simultaneously allows the high extensibility of storage battery, and this point is in addition by using quality factor according to the present invention to establish.This method realizes two stage controls, for controlling by using multiple quality factors preferably to implement local or single coupling, it is for example realized and regulates total battery tension, and will not be passed to central control device and/or analyze there about following decision by all unit voltages, which storage battery list pond should be switched to batteries and which storage battery list pond should be connected to batteries.In addition, owing to being only required to be the single parameter of match and regulate by quality factor, so can control single single pond in mode simply and easily.Can continue to be independent of the adjusting of battery tension according to task and carry out the calculating of quality factor, this causes high flexibility, speed and reliability.
According to preferred improvement of the present invention, draw each quality factor by computing function, this computing function is summarized respectively multiple operational factors in relevant storage battery list pond.This operational factor can for example summarize in charged state, ageing state, unit voltage, single pond temperature, single pond press, other operational factor of storage battery flow path direction and/or one or more.This operational factor can be for example current instant determine or upgrade with suitable interval.
Also can determine average charged state or average ageing state, make first to provide the mean value that is applicable to all storage battery list ponds.The information exchange of the single ageing state about comparing with average ageing state can be crossed subsequently to the corresponding higher or lower quality factor importing control procedure in specific storage battery list pond.For example, in the time that the battery temp in specific storage battery list pond or interior pressure change, by quality factor is specifically increased or reduced, multiple quality factors also can be individually and respectively according to circumstances, demand or behaviour in service ground upgrades and revises.
Realize storage battery operating and providing at any time and the index of the spendable availability for storage battery list pond by quality factor with this, wherein can minimize the assessing the cost of voltage-regulation of the script of storage battery.Therefore voltage-regulation can be adjusted current requirement is made a response with the fast reaction time, the fast-changing electric current demand of the motor for example connecting.
According to a kind of favourable execution mode, quality factor is defined as the number with negative sign or positive sign according to multiple values of each operational factor of summarizing for specific storage battery list pond respectively.In addition, preferably use dimensionless number for quality factor.Therefore further simplified the operability for the quality factor of further voltage-regulation.
The special execution mode regulation of one according to the present invention, if be defined as negative quality factor for specific storage battery list pond, reduce the turn-on time of distributing to so storage battery list pond, if and be defined as positive quality factor for specific storage battery list pond, distribute to so storage battery list pond turn-on time increase.Therefore can cancel further complicated calculating, for example, in drive circuit, it is according to actual probability of successful service comple control storage battery list to be regulated pond.
Specify according to one embodiment of the present invention, regulate the average turn-on time in storage battery list pond as the probability of successful service comple in probability window, it arranges around such nominal probability of successful service comple value, and this nominal probability of successful service comple value is corresponding to the current size of central control signal.
The voltage regulating device of central authorities is only controlled mean value, wherein to both direction, i.e. and the more direction of high probability and the direction of lower probability, coupling can be carried out partly and/or individually.
According to another embodiment of the invention standardization quality factor.For example this quality factor of standardization in this wise, makes the upper limit of probability window or lower limit corresponding to the quality factor with numerical value 1.
At this preferably, probability window arranges around nominal probability of successful service comple value symmetrically.
Relate to so at the same time the adjusting behavior that can control expectation under the state status in all storage battery lists pond especially goodly.
The symmetrical probability window of selecting to have such width in a kind of especially preferred execution mode of the present invention, makes the lower limit of probability window and the upper limit be no more than 0% or 100% probability critical value.
In addition, can guarantee at any time to carry out in effective range by limited large quality factor the adjustment of function according to this mode.
The present invention can apply multiple controlling mechanisms, wherein uses for all storage battery list ponds or the determined control signal of battery module.
Especially preferably, the adjusting of the present invention for implementing by means of the signal of pulse width modulation.Therefore in a kind of favourable execution mode, specify, the signal that uses pulse width modulation especially as central control signal for regulating battery tension, make the duty ratio (Duty-Cycle) of the signal of the pulse width modulation by respective weight determine average turn-on time or on-time or probability of successful service comple for each storage battery list pond.Alternatively or extraly specify the signal of pulse width modulation as the controlled quentity controlled variable in regulating loop for regulating battery tension.
Can realize connection and the disconnection in multiple storage battery lists pond in especially effective and simple mode by the signal that uses pulse width modulation like this, especially because probability of successful service comple can be determined by the duty ratio of the signal of pulse width modulation.Can particularly advantageously use multiple quality factors at this, for example, for coupling in storage battery list pond is mated predetermined duty ratio and therefore probability of successful service comple or turn-on time (average turn-on time) suitably.
In this embodiment, also can realize in special mode the effective adjusting to battery tension of the charged state that does not rely on multiple storage battery lists pond.This can be especially realizes for connecting storage battery by the signal that for example generates the pulse width modulation of the lower duty ratio of having of other by regulon in the case of the higher average charge state in multiple single ponds.
Storage battery according to the present invention is preferably lithium-ions battery.
Favourable improvement of the present invention provides hereinafter and illustrates in specification.
Brief description of the drawings
Explain embodiments of the invention by accompanying drawing below.Wherein:
Fig. 1 show according to one embodiment of the present invention for controlling the process flow diagram of consideration of operational factor in the storage battery list pond that can connect;
Fig. 2 shows according to the position with probability of successful service comple for specific storage battery list pond of one embodiment of the present invention and the schematic diagram of distribution;
Fig. 3 shows the schematic diagram that passes through existing quality factor change probability of successful service comple in storage battery list pond according to one embodiment of the present invention; And
Fig. 4 shows the schematic diagram that possible width is provided for probability of successful service comple window according to another embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Show process flow diagram at Fig. 1, the consideration principle of the current operational factor 11,12 being existed in this storage battery list pond in the time regulating the storage battery list pond that can connect by this process flow diagram is apparent.Here P1 represents to expect nominal probability of successful service comple or probability is given or average turn-on time of distributing, and its Electronic Control electronic installation that is passed to storage battery list pond or management of battery list pond as set-point regulates electronic installation.This also can be by regulating specific duty recently to implement.Probability is given or expect that nominal probability of successful service comple P1 is produced by the regulon (not shown) being placed in storage battery as central control signal.Expect that nominal probability of successful service comple P1 processes in step 13.This can be than weighting function.In step 13, process like this operational factor 11,12, for example charged state and the ageing state relevant with the operation in storage battery list pond.It can be the first operational factor 11, and this first operational factor is directly involved in storage battery list pond, for example, in the charged state in storage battery list pond or single pond temperature or single pond, presses.Also consider in addition the second operational factor 12 of storage battery, it generally measures or determines in other storage battery list pond or for storage battery, and equally the control to be performed in observed here storage battery list pond is exerted an influence.The operational factor 12 of storage battery can be for example the average charge state in all storage battery lists pond, sets up the observed charged state in storage battery list pond and the relation of average charge state on this basis according to this method.Export actual probability of successful service comple P2 as the result of the processing according to step 13, it is considered storage battery list pond state and passes through this actual probability of successful service comple working control storage battery list pond.
The actual probability of successful service comple P2 for each storage battery list pond obtaining in step 14 also by means of random algorithm processing.
Therefore can realize according to each actual probability of successful service comple P2 and generally control multiple storage battery lists pond, wherein realize the total voltage of storage battery by adjusting and the nominal probability of successful service comple P1 of expectation coordinates mutually.Ensure there will not be the unexpected synchronization in multiple storage battery lists pond, this synchronization meeting causes the undesirable voltage fluctuation in battery tension simultaneously.
In step 15, control each storage battery list pond and alternately switch on and off by specific actual probability of successful service comple P2, connecting with batteries or conducting ground cross-over connection.
Only show the basic general principle for the idioadaptation of the control probability of successful service comple in multiple storage battery lists pond according to the method for Fig. 1.Different measured and definite operational factor 11,12 according to the present invention for each storage battery list pond, such as single pond pressure, charged state, ageing state etc., be summarized as quality factor G by means of computing function in addition, wherein quality factor G for example, by respective standard, in +/-1.
Fig. 2 to 4 illustrates how determined quality factor affects nominal probability of successful service comple P1 in specific execution mode of the present invention below.
Shown in Fig. 2 for the schematic diagram of the position with nominal probability of successful service comple P1 in specific storage battery list pond and the distribution of probability of successful service comple P.Nominal probability of successful service comple P1, it is drawn by central control signal, for example adopts herein the value between 0% and 100%.On duty while being 0%, storage battery list pond always disconnect with cross-over connection, the lasting connection in contrary 100% value representation storage battery list pond.
In addition as shown in Figure 2, probability window 21 arranges around predetermined nominal probability of successful service comple P1, is wherein made as the right-hand member of probability window 21 or the upper limit 23 at+1 the probability of successful service comple P of quality factor G place for single single pond and is made as left end or the lower limit 22 of probability window for-1 quality factor G probability of successful service comple P.The single probability of successful service comple P in storage battery list pond from nominal probability of successful service comple P1 or from the value of the control signal corresponding to central to the right or be moved to the left, improves or reduces like this.The situation of the higher value that moves right to probability of successful service comple P is ad hoc clearly shown in Fig. 3.
Figure 4 illustrates schematic diagram, possible width 41 providing for probability of successful service comple window 21 is provided for it.Proposing probability window 21 according to the execution mode shown in Fig. 4 arranges around the predetermined probability of successful service comple P1 of the control device by central symmetrically.Width 41 at this probability window 21 is selected in this wise, makes its maximum reach 0% or 100%.Alternatively, especially can be by maximum constraint for the width 41 of the probability window 21 of average probability of successful service comple P.
The present invention is not limited to multiple storage batterys, and in the plurality of storage battery, multiple storage battery lists pond is by the signal controlling by specific duty ratio representation feature.
In addition, the present invention can also use in the following embodiments, wherein, multiple storage battery lists pond is by means of the nominal probability of successful service comple control of being especially equally scheduled to for all storage battery list ponds, its can be alternatively by means of quality function or quality factor G, according to each storage battery list, pond state weighting gets respectively.Preferably on each storage battery list pond, implement random function in this embodiment, for example, by microcontroller, so that storage battery list pond is connected or cross-over connection with probability that distributed, possibility weighting, based on nominal probability of successful service comple respectively.
Except the above-mentioned written disclosure of the present invention, also relate in the accompanying drawings diagrammatic representation of the present invention clearly to supplement this explanation at this.
Claims (10)
1. one kind for regulating the method for battery tension of storage battery, described storage battery comprises the multiple storage battery lists pond that optionally connects and be connected to batteries, wherein, in described method, by the control replacing (15) in described multiple storage battery lists pond, described battery tension is adjusted to the nominal voltage of expectation, it is characterized in that, the coupling based on multiple quality factors (G) of the control signal by central control signal and described central authorities is connected each storage battery list pond the average turn-on time in corresponding storage battery list pond to distribute to, wherein, respectively corresponding to existing storage battery list pond state select described multiple quality factor (G).
2. method according to claim 1, wherein, respectively by means of the computing function of multiple operational factors (11,12) of summarizing storage battery list pond, especially press by means of summarizing in charged state, ageing state, single pond temperature, single pond, other the computing function of operational factor of storage battery flow path direction and/or one or more determines each quality factor (G).
3. method according to claim 2, wherein, according to multiple values of the operational factor (11,12) of summarizing for specific storage battery list pond accordingly, quality factor (G) is defined as to the especially dimensionless number with negative sign or positive sign, wherein, in the time determining negative quality factor for specific storage battery list pond, reduce the described average turn-on time of distributing to described storage battery list pond, and in the time determining positive quality factor (G) for specific storage battery list pond, increase the described average turn-on time of distributing to described storage battery list pond.
4. according to the method described in any one in the claims, wherein, the described average turn-on time in storage battery list pond is corresponding to probability of successful service comple, within described probability of successful service comple is dispensed on probability window (21), described probability window arranges around such nominal probability of successful service comple value (P1), and described nominal probability of successful service comple value is corresponding to the current size of the control signal of described central authorities.
5. method according to claim 4, wherein, quality factor described in standardization (G), makes the lower limit (22) of described probability window (21) and the upper limit (23) corresponding to having the quality factor (G) of numerical value 1 and/or wherein around described nominal probability of successful service comple value (P1), described probability window (21) being set symmetrically.
6. method according to claim 5, wherein, described probability window (21) is symmetrical and arranges and have such width (41), make the upper limit (23) that the described lower limit (22) of described probability window (21) is not less than 0% probability critical value and described probability window (21) not higher than 100% probability critical value, and/or the described width (41) of wherein said probability window (21) is by the maximum constraint of being scheduled to.
7. according to the method described in any one in claim 1 to 6, wherein, use pulse width modulation signal especially as central control signal for regulating described battery tension, the duty ratio that makes the signal of the pulse width-modulated by respective weight is that each storage battery list pond is determined average turn-on time and/or the signal of described pulse width-modulated is used as the controlled quentity controlled variable in regulating loop, for regulating described battery tension.
8. according to the method described in any one in claim 1 to 6, wherein, in order to regulate described battery tension the value of nominal probability of successful service comple to be sent to multiple control circuits in each storage battery list pond, and implement respectively random function by means of described multiple control circuits, connect with the probability of successful service comple be scheduled to by means of described random function or cross-over connection described in each storage battery list pond.
9. a storage battery, it has at least one and has and multiplely connect and the batteries in the storage battery list pond of batteries described in cross-over connection by control device (15), for obtaining the operational factor (11 in described multiple storage battery lists pond, 12) acquisition device and for regulating the adjusting electronic installation of battery tension, it is characterized in that, described adjusting electronic installation has for the operational factor (11 by obtained, 12) determine described storage battery list pond quality factor (G) determining device and be arranged for implement according to the method described in any one in aforesaid right.
10. a motor vehicle, it comprise motor and according to claim 9, be used to described motor that the storage battery of electric energy is provided.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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DE102013202280.8 | 2013-02-13 | ||
DE201310202280 DE102013202280A1 (en) | 2013-02-13 | 2013-02-13 | Method for controlling battery voltage of battery of motor vehicle, involves connecting battery cell with respective battery cell assigned average duty by central control signal and quality factors based central control signals adjustments |
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CN103986203A true CN103986203A (en) | 2014-08-13 |
CN103986203B CN103986203B (en) | 2017-09-05 |
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DE (1) | DE102013202280A1 (en) |
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CN106663845A (en) * | 2014-07-07 | 2017-05-10 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | Method for controlling output voltage of battery system, and battery system configured for carrying out the method |
CN106663845B (en) * | 2014-07-07 | 2019-09-10 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | The method of output voltage for regulating cell system and the battery system for being configured to execution the method |
CN107210613A (en) * | 2015-01-14 | 2017-09-26 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | The switch on delay of the battery cell of essential safety |
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DE102013202280A1 (en) | 2014-08-14 |
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