CN103984025A - Electromagnetic type vibroseis parallel stimulation collecting and mixing record separating method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an electromagnetic type vibroseis parallel stimulation collecting and mixing record separating method. The method comprises the steps that focus points and an observing system are designed according to a common single focus collecting method, and the number n of vertical stacking times is determined through the experiment to serve as the number of focuses of parallel stimulation; n electromagnetic type vibroseises are arranged on the n focus points along a measuring line, the initial phase and stimulation delay encoding is carried out on scanning signals, the n focuses can be stimulated n times nearly at the same time, and n mixing records are obtained; the n focuses are integrally moved to the subsequent n focus points along the measuring line, and parallel stimulation continues to be carried out. Compared with an existing common single focus collecting method, if n focus parallel stimulation is utilized, a same number of focus points are collected, the work finishing time is 1/n of the working finishing time of the common single focus collecting method, and in other words, the production efficiency is improved by n times. Production efficiency is greatly improved, effective signals in the obtained single focus records are clear, and waveforms are consistent. The vibroseis earthquake exploring working efficiency can be improved, and the construction cost of the field earthquake exploring is greatly reduced.

Description

Parallel the exciting of electromagnetic type vibroseis gathers and hybrid recording separation method

Technical field:

The present invention relates to a kind of seismic prospecting data collecting and preprocess method method, relate in particular to parallel the exciting of electromagnetic type vibroseis and gather and hybrid recording separation method.

Background technology:

Electromagnetic type vibroseis because parameter is controlled, the advantage such as safety and environmental protection, signal band be wide, in high-resolution Vibroseis seismic prospecting, obtained applying all the more widely.Conventional Seismic Exploration with Vibrator adopts the method for single focus point-by-point excitation seismic event, i.e. serial excites.Because the focus sweep signal time is longer, and each gun excitation must wait for that complete could the beginning of last gun excitation carries out, and production efficiency is lower.Parallel shooting techniques supports that many focus excite at different focal points simultaneously, within the time that originally excites a focus, excites many focus simultaneously, has improved production efficiency, has reduced construction cost.But excite the record obtaining to be different from single focus seismologic record that serial excites due to parallel, wherein mix the interference from the seismic signal of other focus, therefore also must use hybrid recording separation method, single focus record of isolating corresponding each focal point from hybrid recording, could be used for common seismic data processing.

Summary of the invention:

The object of the present invention is to provide parallel the exciting of a kind of electromagnetic type vibroseis to gather and hybrid recording separation method.

For the parallel acquisition method that excites, first in exploration area, design focal point and recording geometry according to routine list focus acquisition method, determine vertical stacking fold n by testing, as the parallel focus number of units exciting.Then arrange n platform electromagnetic type vibroseis along survey line at n focal point, sweep signal is carried out initial phase and excite postponing coding, n platform focus is excited n time closely simultaneously, obtain n hybrid recording.Finally along survey line, n platform focus integrated moving to n focal point place subsequently continued to parallel exciting, until complete acquisition tasks.

Separate for hybrid recording, first set up Simultaneous Equations in conjunction with hybrid recording and each focus different scanning signal, obtain the transition function between each focal point and wave detector array, act on the sweep signal of each focus with the each single focus record of initial gross separation; Then, by cross-correlation detection, obtain the seismologic record that contains wavelet; Carry out again time shift calibration, vertical stack to eliminate the random delay interference of other focus record, finally from hybrid recording, isolate single focus seismologic record of corresponding each focal point.

Main advantage of the present invention is first to take the hybrid recording to not relevant to separate, and has ensured integrality and the fidelity of data.By time shift calibration and vertical stack, further weaken other focus and disturb subsequently, realize hybrid recording and separate.

Object of the present invention realizes in the following manner:

Parallel the exciting of electromagnetic type vibroseis gathers and hybrid recording separation method, comprises the following steps:

A, in perform region, single focus serial acquisition method design focal point position and recording geometry, establish the focus of layout and count as m routinely, position number is 1～No. m, wave detector full array reception, seismograph is set to Pulse Source drainage pattern, i.e. the not relevant seismologic record of record;

B, at o ₁point is put 1 electromagnetic type vibroseis and is carried out vertical stack test, determines vertical stacking fold n according to routine list focus seismic data acquisition method, chooses n as parallel explosive source number of units simultaneously;

Described parallel exciting method, refers to along exploration survey line n platform vibroseis is arranged on 1～n focal point, forms a focus array, completes parallel acquisition one time.

The implication of a described parallel acquisition is that n platform focus excites n time closely simultaneously, obtains n seismologic record, and wherein each seismologic record is the mixing seismologic record that comprises multiple seismic source information.

C, focus sweep signal is set is respectively s _q,j(t), wherein q represents focal point position number, q ∈ { 1,2 ... m}, the parallel sequence number, j ∈ { 1,2 of exciting of j representative ... n}, i.e. s _q,j(t) representative is arranged in the sweep signal of focus employing in the time of the j time parallel exciting of q focal point, when each focus excites at every turn, introduces firing time and postpones Δ t _q,j, each focus excites closely simultaneously; In the fm control signal of focus, introduce initial phase σ simultaneously _q,j,

$s_{q,j}(t-\mathrm{\Δ}{t}_{q,j})=\cos [2\mathrm{\π}(f_1+\frac{f_2-f_2}{2T})t+{\mathrm{\σ}}_{q,j}],0\≤t\≤T,$

Wherein f ₁represent sweep signal original frequency, f ₂represent that sweep signal stops frequency, T is sweep time, σ _q,jwith Δ t _q,jthe initial phase of the focus that representative is arranged in q focal point respectively in the time of the j time parallel exciting with excite delay, get σ _q,jbe the random value between 0～360 °, get Δ t _q,jit is the random value between 0～1 second;

D, a parallel acquisition finish, focus array entirety is mobile n focal point position backward, be that n platform focus moves to n+1～2n focal point place simultaneously, the method to set up of sweep signal is consistent with step c, proceed parallel exciting, and complete parallel acquisition for the second time, similarly, until complete the parallel acquisition work of whole piece survey line;

E, above-mentioned steps a～d are called that electromagnetic type vibroseis is parallel to be excited and gatherer process, in hybrid recording due to parallel acquisition acquisition, there is the phase mutual interference of each focus record, cannot be directly used in the processing of common seismic data processing, therefore also must separate hybrid recording.First n the hybrid recording 1～n focal point parallel acquisition being obtained separates, and concrete represents the hybrid recording set that a time parallel acquisition obtains, i.e. R={R with R ₁, R ₂r _n, wherein R _jbe j record.Represent parallel focus sweep signal set with S, $S=\left\{\begin{array}{cccc}{s}_{\mathrm{1,1}},& s_{2.1}& ...& s_{n,1}\\ s_{\mathrm{1,2}},& s_{\mathrm{2,2}}& ...& s_{n,2}\\ & .& & \\ & .& & \\ & .& & \\ s_{1,n},& s_{2,n}& ...& s_{n,n}\end{array}\right\}.$ For parallel acquisition process, S and R are respectively input and output process, exist wherein " * " represents convolution, h _qrepresent the transition function between q focal point and wave detector array;

F, by j ∈ { 1,2 ... n}, by j substitution respectively, obtains n equation, and Simultaneous Equations, obtains:

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{R}_1=s_{\mathrm{1,1}}*h_1+s_{\mathrm{2,1}}*h_2+...s_{n,1}*h_n\\ R_2=s_{\mathrm{1,2}}*h_1+s_{\mathrm{2,2}}*h_2+...s_{n,2}*h_n\\ .\\ .\\ .\\ R_n=s_{1,n}*h_1+s_{2,n}*h_2+...s_{n,n}*h_n\end{array}\right.,$ Due to S and R known, obtain h so can solve ₁～h _n, with set, h is expressed as h={h ₁, h ₂... h _n;

G, by each the element s in S _q,jwith corresponding h _qcarry out convolution, obtain r _q,j=s _q,j* h _q, from hybrid recording R, initial gross separation goes out n × n single focus and records r _q,j, with set, r is expressed as $r=\left\{\begin{array}{cccc}{r}_{\mathrm{1,1}},& r_{\mathrm{2,1}}& ...& r_{n,1}\\ r_{\mathrm{1,2}},& r_{\mathrm{2,2}}& ...& r_{n,2}\\ & .& & \\ & .& & \\ & .& & \\ r_{1,n},& r_{2,n}& ...& r_{n,n}\end{array}\right\};$

H, by each the element r in r _q,jwith corresponding sweep signal s _q,jcarry out simple crosscorrelation, obtain the seismologic record that acquisition contains wavelet.With set, y is expressed as $y=\left\{\begin{array}{cccc}{y}_{\mathrm{1,1}},& y_{\mathrm{2,1}}& ...& y_{n,1}\\ y_{\mathrm{1,2}},& y_{\mathrm{2,2}}& ...& y_{n,2}\\ & .& & \\ & .& & \\ & .& & \\ y_{1,n},& y_{2,n}& ...& y_{n,n}\end{array}\right\},$ Wherein, " " represent simple crosscorrelation;

I, to each the element y in y _q,jwith time shift amount Δ t _q,jcarry out time shift calibration, obtain y' _q,j, with set, y' is expressed as $y^{\′}=\left\{\begin{array}{cccc}{y}_{\mathrm{1,1}}^{\′},& y_{\mathrm{2,1}}^{\′},& ...& y_{n,1}^{\′}\\ y_{\mathrm{1,2}}^{\′},& y_{\mathrm{2,2}}^{\′}& ...& y_{n,2}^{\′}\\ & .& & \\ & .& & \\ & .& & \\ y_{1,n}^{\′},& y_{2,n}^{\′}& ...& y_{n,n}^{\′}\end{array}\right\};$

J, in y', to the vertical stack of the difference record of same focal point, obtain with set, u is expressed as u={u ₁, u ₂u _n, being the single focus record that separates the 1～n focal point obtaining, the record that so far completes a parallel acquisition hybrid recording separates, and similarly, can separate the single focus seismologic record that obtains whole m focal point.

Beneficial effect: through experiment, the electromagnetic type vibroseis the present invention relates to walks abreast and excites acquisition method can increase substantially production efficiency than routine list focus acquisition method.Complete the survey line of equal length, complete the focal point collection of similar number, if adopt, n platform focus is parallel excites, and the time of finishing the work is about the 1/n of conventional single focus acquisition method, and production efficiency has improved n doubly.In the single focus record obtaining, useful signal is clear, consistent with the routine list focus acquisition and recording waveform of comparing.Improve Seismic Exploration with Vibrator work efficiency, greatly reduce field seismic prospecting construction cost.

Brief description of the drawings:

The parallel collection schematic diagram that excites of accompanying drawing 1 electromagnetic type vibroseis

The parallel hybrid recording that excites of accompanying drawing 2a electromagnetic type vibroseis

The focus record of No. 1 focal point separating in accompanying drawing 2b hybrid recording

The focus record of No. 1 focal point of the conventional single focus serial acquisition of accompanying drawing 2c

Embodiment:

Be described in further detail below in conjunction with drawings and Examples:

To simulate by finite difference method, the electromagnetic type vibroseis obtaining is parallel excites hybrid recording as example, illustrates that controlled parallel the exciting of electromagnetic type related to the present invention gathers and hybrid recording separation method, comprises following order and step:

A, in perform region, single focus acquisition method design focal point position and recording geometry routinely.64 focal points are set altogether, and position number is 1～No. 64, lays altogether 178 road wave detector full array receptions.Seismograph is set to Pulse Source drainage pattern, i.e. the not relevant seismologic record of record;

B, put 1 electromagnetic type vibroseis at No. 1 focal point and carry out vertical stack test, according to routine list focus seismic data acquisition method, determine that vertical stacking fold is 2, choose the 2 parallel explosive source number of units as the present invention's application simultaneously;

C, edge exploration survey line are placed in two electromagnetic type vibroseiss on 1～No. 2 focal point, form a focus array, make two focus excite twice closely simultaneously, complete parallel acquisition one time, obtain hybrid recording R ₁and R ₂.Focus sweep signal s is set _q,j(t), $s_{q,j}(t-\mathrm{\Δ}{t}_{q,j})=\cos [2\mathrm{\π}(f_1+\frac{f_2-f_2}{2T})t+{\mathrm{\σ}}_{q,j}],0\≤t\≤T.$ Wherein, f ₁=10Hz, f ₂=500Hz, T=6S, for R ₁and R ₂, q ∈ { 1,2}, j ∈ { 1,2}, σ _1,1=0 °, σ _1,2=90 °, σ _2,1=120 °, σ _2,2=180 °, Δ t _1,1=0S, Δ t _1,2=0S, Δ t _2,1=0.127S, Δ t _2,2=0.906S;

D, carry out integrated moving taking focus array as unit subsequently, two focus move to focal point place 3～No. 4 simultaneously, the setting of sweep signal is consistent with c, continue to walk abreast and excite and gather, and complete parallel acquisition for the second time, similarly, until move to focal point 63～No. 64, complete the parallel acquisition work of whole piece survey line;

E, first two hybrid recordings that 1～No. 2 focal point parallel acquisition is obtained separate, and concrete represent the hybrid recording set that a time parallel acquisition obtains, i.e. R={R with R ₁, R ₂, represent the sweep signal set of two focus in twice parallel exciting with S, $S=\left\{\begin{array}{c}{s}_{\mathrm{1,1}},s_{\mathrm{2,1}}\\ s_{\mathrm{1,2}},s_{\mathrm{2,2}}\end{array}\right\},$ For parallel acquisition process, exist $R_j=\underset{q=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{s}_{q,j}*h_q,$

By j ∈ 1,2}, by two equations simultaneousness system of equations, obtains: $\left\{\begin{array}{c}{R}_1=s_{\mathrm{1,1}}*h_1+s_{\mathrm{2,1}}*h_2\\ R_2=s_{\mathrm{1,2}}*h_1+s_{\mathrm{2,2}}*h_2\end{array}\right.,$ Due to S and R known, obtain h so can solve ₁and h ₂, with set, h is expressed as h={h ₁, h ₂;

F, by each the element s in S _q,jwith corresponding h _qcarry out convolution, gathered

$r=\left\{\begin{array}{c}{s}_{\mathrm{1,1}}*h_1,s_{\mathrm{2,1}}*h_1\\ s_{\mathrm{1,2}}*h_2,s_{\mathrm{2,2}}*h_2\end{array}\right\}=\left\{\begin{array}{c}{r}_{\mathrm{1,1}},r_{\mathrm{2,1}}\\ r_{\mathrm{1,2}},r_{\mathrm{2,2}}\end{array}\right\},$ From R, initial gross separation goes out 4 single focus and records r,

G, by each the element r in r _q,jwith corresponding sweep signal s _q,jcarry out simple crosscorrelation, gathered $y=\left\{\begin{array}{c}{r}_{\mathrm{1,1}}\⊗s_{\mathrm{1,1}},r_{\mathrm{2,1}}\⊗s_{\mathrm{2,1}}\\ r_{\mathrm{1,2}}\⊗s_{\mathrm{1,2}},r_{\mathrm{2,2}}\⊗s_{\mathrm{2,2}}\end{array}\right\}=\left\{\begin{array}{c}{y}_{\mathrm{1,1}},y_{\mathrm{2,1}}\\ y_{\mathrm{1,2}}{,y}_{\mathrm{2,2}}\end{array}\right\},$

H, to each the element y in y _q,jwith time shift amount Δ t _q,jcarry out time shift calibration, gathered $y^{\′}=\left\{\begin{array}{c}{y}_{\mathrm{1,1}}^{\′},y_{\mathrm{2,1}}^{\′}\\ y_{\mathrm{1,2}}^{\′},y_{\mathrm{2,2}}^{\′}\end{array}\right\},$

Concrete, Δ t _1,1=0S, y _1,1then adjust 0S, obtain y' _1,1.Δ t _2,1=0.127S, y _2,1then adjust 0.127SS, obtain y' _2,1.Δ t _1,2=0S, y _1,2entirety is then adjusted 0S, obtains y' _1,2.Δ t _2,2=0.906S, y _2,2entirety is then adjusted 0.906S, obtains y' _2,2;

I, in y', by y' _1,1and y' _1,2vertical stack, obtains u ₁=y' _1,1+ y' _2,1.Y' _2,1and y' _2,2vertical stack, obtains u ₂=y' _1,2+ y' _2,2.Finally walk abreast and excite two hybrid recording R that obtain from two electromagnetic type vibroseiss of 1～No. 2 focal point ₁and R ₂in isolate two corresponding focal points single focus record u ₁and u ₂.So far complete the separation of a parallel acquisition hybrid recording, similarly, can separate the single focus seismologic record that obtains whole 64 focal points.

Claims (3)

1. parallel the exciting of electromagnetic type vibroseis gathers and a hybrid recording separation method, it is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:

A, in perform region, single focus serial acquisition method design focal point position and recording geometry, establish the focus of layout and count as m routinely, position number is 1～No. m, wave detector full array reception, seismograph is set to Pulse Source drainage pattern, i.e. the not relevant seismologic record of record;

B, at o ₁point is put 1 electromagnetic type vibroseis and is carried out vertical stack test, determines vertical stacking fold n according to routine list focus seismic data acquisition method, chooses n as parallel explosive source number of units simultaneously;

C, focus sweep signal is set is respectively s _q,j(t), wherein q represents focal point position number, q ∈ { 1,2 ... m}, the parallel sequence number, j ∈ { 1,2 of exciting of j representative ... n}, i.e. s _q,j(t) representative is arranged in the sweep signal of focus employing in the time of the j time parallel exciting of q focal point, when each focus excites at every turn, introduces firing time and postpones Δ t _q,j, each focus excites closely simultaneously; In the fm control signal of focus, introduce initial phase σ simultaneously _q,j,

$s_{q,j}(t-\mathrm{\Δ}{t}_{q,j})=\cos [2\mathrm{\π}(f_1+\frac{f_2-f_2}{2T})t+{\mathrm{\σ}}_{q,j}],0\≤t\≤T,$

Wherein f ₁represent sweep signal original frequency, f ₂represent that sweep signal stops frequency, T is sweep time, σ _q,jwith Δ t _q,jthe initial phase of the focus that representative is arranged in q focal point respectively in the time of the j time parallel exciting with excite delay, get σ _q,jbe the random value between 0～360 °, get Δ t _q,jit is the random value between 0～1 second;

D, a parallel acquisition finish, focus array entirety is mobile n focal point position backward, be that n platform focus moves to n+1～2n focal point place simultaneously, the method to set up of sweep signal is consistent with step c, proceed parallel exciting, and complete parallel acquisition for the second time, similarly, until complete the parallel acquisition work of whole piece survey line;

E, above-mentioned steps a～d are called that electromagnetic type vibroseis is parallel to be excited and gatherer process, in hybrid recording due to parallel acquisition acquisition, there is the phase mutual interference of each focus record, cannot be directly used in the processing of common seismic data processing, therefore also must separate hybrid recording.First n the hybrid recording 1～n focal point parallel acquisition being obtained separates, and concrete represents the hybrid recording set that a time parallel acquisition obtains, i.e. R={R with R ₁, R ₂r _n, wherein R _jbe j record.Represent parallel focus sweep signal set with S, $S=\left\{\begin{array}{cccc}{s}_{\mathrm{1,1}},& s_{2.1}& ...& s_{n,1}\\ s_{\mathrm{1,2}},& s_{\mathrm{2,2}}& ...& s_{n,2}\\ & .& & \\ & .& & \\ & .& & \\ s_{1,n},& s_{2,n}& ...& s_{n,n}\end{array}\right\}.$ For parallel acquisition process, S and R are respectively input and output process, exist wherein " * " represents convolution, h _qrepresent the transition function between q focal point and wave detector array;

F, by j ∈ { 1,2 ... n}, by j substitution respectively, obtains n equation, and Simultaneous Equations, obtains:

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{R}_1=s_{\mathrm{1,1}}*h_1+s_{\mathrm{2,1}}*h_2+...s_{n,1}*h_n\\ R_2=s_{\mathrm{1,2}}*h_1+s_{\mathrm{2,2}}*h_2+...s_{n,2}*h_n\\ .\\ .\\ .\\ R_n=s_{1,n}*h_1+s_{2,n}*h_2+...s_{n,n}*h_n\end{array}\right.,$ Due to S and R known, obtain h so can solve ₁～h _n, with set, h is expressed as h={h ₁, h ₂... h _n;

G, by each the element s in S _q,jwith corresponding h _qcarry out convolution, obtain r _q,j=s _q,j* h _q, from hybrid recording R, initial gross separation goes out n × n single focus and records r _q,j, with set, r is expressed as $r=\left\{\begin{array}{cccc}{r}_{\mathrm{1,1}},& r_{\mathrm{2,1}}& ...& r_{n,1}\\ r_{\mathrm{1,2}},& r_{\mathrm{2,2}}& ...& r_{n,2}\\ & .& & \\ & .& & \\ & .& & \\ r_{1,n},& r_{2,n}& ...& r_{n,n}\end{array}\right\};$

H, by each the element r in r _q,jwith corresponding sweep signal s _q,jcarry out simple crosscorrelation, obtain the seismologic record that acquisition contains wavelet.With set, y is expressed as $y=\left\{\begin{array}{cccc}{y}_{\mathrm{1,1}},& y_{\mathrm{2,1}}& ...& y_{n,1}\\ y_{\mathrm{1,2}},& y_{\mathrm{2,2}}& ...& y_{n,2}\\ & .& & \\ & .& & \\ & .& & \\ y_{1,n},& y_{2,n}& ...& y_{n,n}\end{array}\right\},$ Wherein, " " represent simple crosscorrelation;

I, to each the element y in y _q,jwith time shift amount Δ t _q,jcarry out time shift calibration, obtain y' _q,j, with set, y' is expressed as $y^{\′}=\left\{\begin{array}{cccc}{y}_{\mathrm{1,1}}^{\′},& y_{\mathrm{2,1}}^{\′},& ...& y_{n,1}^{\′}\\ y_{\mathrm{1,2}}^{\′},& y_{\mathrm{2,2}}^{\′}& ...& y_{n,2}^{\′}\\ & .& & \\ & .& & \\ & .& & \\ y_{1,n}^{\′},& y_{2,n}^{\′}& ...& y_{n,n}^{\′}\end{array}\right\};$

J, in y', to the vertical stack of the difference record of same focal point, obtain with set, u is expressed as u={u ₁, u ₂u _n, being the single focus record that separates the 1～n focal point obtaining, the record that so far completes a parallel acquisition hybrid recording separates, and similarly, can separate the single focus seismologic record that obtains whole m focal point.

2. gather and hybrid recording separation method according to parallel the exciting of a kind of electromagnetic type vibroseis claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the described parallel collection that excites, refer to along exploration survey line n platform vibroseis is arranged on 1～n focal point, form a focus array, complete parallel acquisition one time.

3. gather and hybrid recording separation method according to parallel the exciting of a kind of electromagnetic type vibroseis described in claim 1,2, it is characterized in that, a described parallel acquisition is that n platform focus excites n time closely simultaneously, obtain n seismologic record, wherein each seismologic record is the mixing seismologic record that comprises multiple seismic source information.