CN103984013A - Wavelet domain pre-stack seismic trace set absorption attenuation parameter estimation algorithm - Google Patents
Wavelet domain pre-stack seismic trace set absorption attenuation parameter estimation algorithm Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a wavelet domain pre-stack seismic trace set absorption attenuation parameter estimation algorithm by using difference of stratum on attenuation degree of seismic waves at different frequencies. The algorithm specially includes the steps that a high-frequency attenuation curve and a low-frequency attenuation curve of each common midpoint trace set are extracted at a certain moment in a wavelet domain, and the area defined by the two single-frequency attenuation curves is used for showing the absorption degree of seismic waves through the stratum of a CMP at the moment. Calculation is conducted on a whole window by time, and complete absorption characteristic parameter data bodies of a whole analysis area are obtained. On an absorption characteristics section, abnormal hydrocarbon is predicted through high-absorption characteristics. According to numerical example results of actual data, the effectiveness of the method is verified. Compared with a post-stack absorption attenuation method, according to the wavelet domain pre-stack seismic trace set absorption attenuation parameter estimation algorithm, influences on signals of a stacking treatment step are avoided, and the stratum attenuation parameter estimation accuracy of seismic data is improved.
Description
technical field
the present invention relates to geophysical prospecting for oil technical field, belong to seismic data interpretation category, is specifically a kind of wavelet field pre-stack seismic road collection attenuation by absorption of a kind of time-frequency domain pre-stack seismic road collection attenuation by absorption parameter estimation algorithm parameter estimation algorithm.
Background technology
Seismic data interpretation is the important step that geological data is processed, and it is that seismic data is changed into our understanding to exploration area subsurface geology situation, and therefrom finds the information relevant with oil gas.In carrying out reservoir oil and gas prediction process, the absorption characteristic on stratum is a very important parameter, and it has very high sensitivity to lithological change, and while containing oil gas especially in stratum, it can show very large abnormal sudden change feature.
When seismic event is propagated in stratum, due to reasons such as scattering, formation absorption, energy can be decayed, and the intrinsic attenuation characteristic of this medium itself is described with quality factor q conventionally.It is after wavelength distance of seismic wave propagation energy storage with dissipate can ratio, closely related with stratum inner structure and lithology and characteristic of fluid, in general, Q value shows that more greatly absorption is less, the less absorption of Q value is larger.From theory of wave propagation, this attenuation characteristic of seismic event is also closely related with frequency, and frequency is higher, and attenuation of elastic wave is faster, causes seismic event dominant frequency to move to low frequency direction.While containing oil gas in reservoir rock, reservoir has the feature of low Q, when seismic event is propagated in the reservoir of having assembled oil, rock gas, can there is inelastic attenuation, attenuation by absorption to radio-frequency component is stronger, low frequency energy strengthens relatively, therefore utilizes the seismic event attenuation by absorption feature of high and low frequency section to exist and distribution range by indirect predictions oil gas.
The current research for seismic wave attenuation mainly concentrates in Q estimation: frequency spectrum ratio method, method while rising, time domain amplitude fading method, centroid frequency deflection method etc.Each evaluation method is to be all based upon on a series of hypothesis above, and all based on poststack seismic data.Amplitude and whilst on tour information have been superposeed fuzzy, cover road and concentrated some lithology and characteristic of fluid, some trickle stratum characteristics can't detect in poststack data, particularly, when the thickness of oil reservoir itself is far smaller than the resolution characteristic of earthquake, the data of being extracted by poststack seismic data are difficult to payzone to do accurate location.Compared to poststack data, pre-stack seismic road collection contains abundanter formation information, to the processing of pre-stack data and explanation, can improve hydrocarbon prediction precision.
Wavelet analysis is the eighties in last century, a kind of signal time-yardstick that Grossman and Morlet propose first or T/F analytical approach, the feature with multiresolution, can adjust time frequency window width according to low-and high-frequency signal characteristic self-adaptation, in time domain and frequency domain, all there is good local character, solved Fourier transform local feature completely poor, Short Time Fourier Transform is processed and is lacked optionally defect low-and high-frequency signal, since coming out, in processing, geological data has been widely applied.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of algorithm that utilizes wavelet transformation to estimate pre-stack seismic road collection attenuation by absorption parameter, and by this algorithm application in the Data processing of prestack actual seismic data, according to the high absorption characteristic of absorption characteristic section, predict hydrocarbon anomaly.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
Difference based on stratum to different frequency seismic wave attenuation degree, earthquake data before superposition is transformed into temporal frequency domain by Morlet wavelet transformation, the full range seismic signal that is about to time domain is decomposed into the time domain seismic signal of each different frequency section, extract each common midpoint gather high and low frequency die-away curve at a time, the area of encircling a city with these two single-frequency die-away curves represents the degree of absorption of this CMP point when this moment seismic event passes through stratum.By whole time window was calculated by the time, obtain the absorption characteristic supplemental characteristic body that whole analyzed area is complete, on absorption characteristic section, with high absorption characteristic, predict hydrocarbon anomaly.
The present invention mainly utilizes wavelet field frequency division to calculate instantaneous amplitude, then utilize area that certain CMP road collection low-and high-frequency curve of a certain moment surrounds as this CMP the attenuation by absorption parameter in this moment, utilized wavelet analysis localization advantage, there is certain noiseproof feature, can accurately portray zone of interest high frequency attenuation feature.
Compare with poststack attenuation by absorption method, the method is not subject to the impact of overlap-add procedure link on signal, has improved the precision of seismic data estimation earth-attenuation parameter.
The implementation procedure of this technology is:
1) adopt artificial excitation and record seismic event by wave detector, obtaining original earthquake data before superposition, width is protected in denoising
Process, extract pre-stack seismic road collection and it done to lineups and even up processing;
By certain CMP road collection
through wavelet transformation, obtain frequency domain data body at that time
, wherein,
for receiver volume coordinate (being offset distance),
for yardstick or frequency.
3) utilize following formula to try to achieve wavelet field CMP road collection formation absorption attenuation parameter
Fixed time
, from data volume
two single-frequency curves of middle extraction
with
, wherein
with represent respectively
frequency is constantly
with
high and low frequency curve, collection formation absorption attenuation parameter in wavelet field CMP road is obtained by following formula:
Wherein,
the sequence number that WeiCMP road collection data change with offset distance,
the seismic trace number that Wei Gai CMP road is concentrated.
4) ZhuCMP road collection carries out the computing of above formula, can form one
attenuation by absorption family curve constantly, from the absorption characteristic on stratum, while containing oil gas in reservoir, this curve has significantly extremely protruding, can detect hydrocarbon anomaly thus, determines hydrocarbon-bearing pool scope.
5) last, by whole time window was calculated by the time, obtain the complete absorption characteristic supplemental characteristic body of whole analyzed area.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
There is certain noiseproof feature, can accurately portray zone of interest oil-gaws bearing character, improve hydrocarbon prediction precision, be not subject to the impact of overlap-add procedure link on signal, improved the precision of seismic data estimation earth-attenuation parameter.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 prestack seismogram;
Fig. 2 part prestack seismogram;
Fig. 3 the 737th track data waveform and spectral amplitude thereof;
Fig. 4 mean amplitude spectrum;
The low-and high-frequency amplitude attenuation curve of the 337th CMP of Fig. 5;
After Fig. 6 is level and smooth low-and high-frequency amplitude attenuation curve;
The Absorption Characteristics value curve of Fig. 7 111Ge CMP road collection;
The Absorption Characteristics section of Fig. 8 111Ge CMP road collection in 0 ~ 500ms time window.
Embodiment
This embodiment be the present invention in the constructional application of certain oil field pre-stack data, concrete steps are as follows:
Fig. 1 is the Prestack seismic data from certain oil field, and ordinate represents the time, and horizontal ordinate is No. CMP, has 1088 trace records, 111Ge CMP road collection.In order to show more clearly pre stack data, to amplifying and process by the part of rectangle frame mark in Fig. 1, as shown in Figure 2.
First get seismic signal one, determine two single-frequency frequencies, as shown in Figure 3, the signal waveform of figure (a) Wei 202 road prestack seismogram, figure (b) is the Fourier transform spectral amplitude after its normalization.In real data, single track signal amplitude spectral resolution is lower, is difficult to determine single-frequency frequency.In order to address this problem, select the mean amplitude spectrum of all pre-stack seismic signals, as shown in Figure 4, horizontal ordinate represents frequency, ordinate is normalized amplitude spectrum ,-15dB bandwidth place, get two symmetrical single-frequency frequencies
with
.
Fixed time
, get the low-and high-frequency amplitude attenuation curve of 337Ge CMP road collection within the scope of 0 ~ 400 offset distance, as shown in Figure 5, horizontal ordinate is offset distance, and ordinate is amplitude information, and what solid line represented is the low cut curve changing with offset distance, and dotted line is high frequency attenuation curve.
In Fig. 5, there is larger fluctuation in high frequency curve, is difficult to find out variation tendency, in actual treatment, need to do smooth operation to curve, Fig. 6 is the low-and high-frequency die-away curve after level and smooth, in same CMP kind, along with the increase of offset distance, radio-frequency component is faster than low cut.
The attenuation by absorption characteristic that the present invention studies is the area difference that Yi Ge CMP road concentrates low-and high-frequency curve to surround, i.e. dash area area in Fig. 6.
By the seismologic record of all CMP road collection in Fig. 1 is analyzed, try to achieve respectively
time engrave the Absorption Characteristics value of 111Ge CMP road collection, as shown in Figure 7, horizontal ordinate is No. CMP, the Absorption Characteristics value that ordinate is each CMP, in figure, curve has significantly extremely protrudingly at 330th ~ 340 CMP places, and the Absorption Characteristics value within the scope of this is obviously greater than peripheral region.From well-log information, there is rock gas in this region, thereby verified the validity of the method.
In order to further investigate the impact of formation absorption characteristic on seismic wave attenuation, get all prestack CMP road collection shown in Fig. 1 and whole prestack seismogram of the whole time window of 0 ~ 500ms, obtain the absorption characteristic supplemental characteristic body that whole analyzed area is complete, as shown in Figure 8, wherein, at 320th ~ 340 CMP and horizontal ordinate
on time window position, have two places " bright spot ", its Absorption Characteristics value is obviously greater than peripheral region, shows as the high abnormal section that absorbs in this two dimensional cross-section, and from aforementioned theory, this height absorbs the existence that abnormal section has been indicated oily sand body conventionally.In conjunction with well-log information, verified the reliability of the method in reservoir oil-gas possibility context of detection, dwindled sensing range simultaneously, greatly improved reservoir prediction precision.
Incomplete poststack record easily causes misleading to seismologist, so that reservoir is done to the explanation making mistake, has increased the risk of Ji Jing location.In order to improve reservoir prediction precision, it is particularly important that the processing based on Prestack seismic data seems, has important actual value and theoretical significance.
Claims (3)
1. a wavelet field pre-stack seismic road collection attenuation by absorption parameter estimation algorithm, it is characterized in that the difference to different frequency seismic wave attenuation degree based on stratum, earthquake data before superposition is transformed into temporal frequency domain by Morlet wavelet transformation, the full range seismic signal that is about to time domain is decomposed into the time domain seismic signal of each different frequency section, extract each common midpoint gather high and low frequency die-away curve at a time, the area of encircling a city with these two single-frequency die-away curves represents the degree of absorption of this CMP point when this moment seismic event passes through stratum; By whole time window was calculated by the time, obtain the absorption characteristic supplemental characteristic body that whole analyzed area is complete, on absorption characteristic section, with high absorption characteristic, predict hydrocarbon anomaly.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that mainly utilizing wavelet field frequency division to calculate instantaneous amplitude, then utilize area that certain CMP road collection low-and high-frequency curve of a certain moment surrounds as this CMP the attenuation by absorption parameter in this moment, utilized wavelet analysis localization advantage, there is certain noiseproof feature, can accurately portray zone of interest high frequency attenuation feature.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that the implementation procedure of this technology is:
1) adopt artificial excitation and record seismic event by wave detector, obtaining original earthquake data before superposition, denoising relative amplitude preserved processing, extracts pre-stack seismic road collection and it is done to lineups and even up processing;
2) by certain CMP road collection
through wavelet transformation, obtain frequency domain data body at that time
, wherein,
for receiver volume coordinate (being offset distance),
for yardstick or frequency;
3) utilize following formula to try to achieve wavelet field CMP road collection formation absorption attenuation parameter
Fixed time
, from data volume
two single-frequency curves of middle extraction
with
, wherein
with represent respectively
frequency is constantly
with
high and low frequency curve, collection formation absorption attenuation parameter in wavelet field CMP road is obtained by following formula:
Wherein,
the sequence number that WeiCMP road collection data change with offset distance,
the seismic trace number that Wei Gai CMP road is concentrated;
4) ZhuCMP road collection carries out the computing of above formula, can form one
attenuation by absorption is constantly special
Linearity curve, from the absorption characteristic on stratum, while containing oil gas in reservoir, this curve has significantly extremely protruding, can detect hydrocarbon anomaly thus, determines hydrocarbon-bearing pool scope;
5) last, by whole time window was calculated by the time, obtain whole analyzed area complete
Whole absorption characteristic supplemental characteristic body.
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| CN112882101A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2021-06-01 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Random noise attenuation method and device for pre-stack seismic data |
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