CN103984006A - Tunnel advance geology exploration method for full-section observation system - Google Patents
Tunnel advance geology exploration method for full-section observation system Download PDFInfo
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- CN103984006A CN103984006A CN201410244258.6A CN201410244258A CN103984006A CN 103984006 A CN103984006 A CN 103984006A CN 201410244258 A CN201410244258 A CN 201410244258A CN 103984006 A CN103984006 A CN 103984006A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a tunnel advance geology exploration method for a full-section observation system. The left wall, the right wall and the working face of a tunnel are connected into the full-section observation system. Fifteen to forty-five receiving sensors are evenly distributed at the positions, 0.8 m to 1.5 m away from the bottom of the tunnel, of the left wall and the right wall of the tunnel at the intervals ranging from 1.0 m to 2.0 m. Ten to thirty receiving sensors are evenly distributed at the position, 0.8 m to 1.5 m away from the bottom of the tunnel, of the working face of the tunnel at the intervals ranging frame 1.0 m to 2.0 m. The two sides of the left wall of the tunnel, the two sides of the right wall of the tunnel and the two sides of the working face of the tunnel are provided with shot points respectively and conduct blasting to excite seismic wave signals. The receiving sensors on the left wall, the right wall and the working face of the tunnel can obtain reflected signals at different positions of the tunnel space, testing is carried out by several times, the corresponding tunnel seismic wave field record section is obtained, a computer processes the collected seismic wave signals, various kinds of unfavorable geologic body reflection information containing different angle interfaces can be extracted, and the method can explore and predict unfavorable geologic bodies of the tunnel.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to applied geophysics seismic wave method Detection Techniques field, relate to a kind of tunnel poorly plastid forward probe method of seismic reflection law technology for constructing tunnel process under complex geological condition, relate in particular to a kind of tunnel geological detection method of full sectional observation system.
Background technology
At present, the geophysical method that tunnel geological detection both at home and abroad adopts is mainly divided into seismic method and the large class of electromagnetic method two.Seismic method taking artificial excitation the communication theory of seismic event in rock mass as basis, in the time that there is elastic difference in plastid and country rock poorly, by obtaining and analyze the feature of the kinematics wave propagation time of seismic event and the relation in space and dynamics wave amplitude, frequency, phase place, infer the structural attitudes such as distribution, geometric shape and the occurrence of plastid poorly.Conventional earthquake class methods mainly comprise: horizontal acoustic waves profile method, tunnel vertical sectional method, Surface Wave Method, loose stratum, tunnel geology advanced prediction system, tunnel earthquake advanced prediction system, the true catoptric imaging technology in tunnel, tunnel seismic imaging technology etc.
We find poorly also to exist some problems aspect the recording geometry in plastid forward probe and seismic wave field signature analysis in tunnel.In complicated tunnel, carry out that advance geologic detection operations has that work-yard is narrow and small, many, the detection of a target body situation complexity of test disturbing factor and detection accuracy requirement high.If in the middle of being simply applied to tunnel, the geophysical prospecting method on ground will there are some problems at aspects such as recording geometry and seismic wave field signature analysises.Recording geometry in conventional tunnel geological exploration seismic method is because unfavorable geology body interface distributes arbitrarily in the total space, and seismic event to excite with receiving trap be to be only arranged in a fixing direction, the condition whether seismic ray has whole coverings is difficult to determine, particularly, when unfavorable geology body interface is in the time that tunnel tunnel face front is 90 degree perpendicular to tunnel axis, its reflected wave information is subject to the restriction that recording geometry wire is arranged to be difficult to be arrived by accurate detection.
Prior art has geological extra-forecast method, some forecasts are only in face scope, utilizing geological analysis, description,, there is the time of geologic hazard body forecast not in time in the experimental forecast method that the hydrology is described, take safeguard procedures to be restricted, the horizontal drilling degree of depth that is subject to having limits, and forecast distance range is relatively short, the combination of the method forecast flow process of employing, in conjunction with the checking of advanced levels hole, the method that long distance forecast adopts is not still clearly proposed again.
Therefore, because tunnel geological exploration seismic method recording geometry covers the poorly plastid reflective information disappearance and the result of detection accuracy problem that entirely do not cause, need to research and develop a kind of poorly method of plastid forward probe of complicated tunnel that is applicable to at present.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the problem that covers the result of detection accuracy reduction entirely not causing because of tunnel geological exploration seismic method recording geometry in order to solve, a kind of tunnel geological detection method of full sectional observation system is provided, be characterized as foundation with seismic wave field reflection horizon, arrange full sectional observation system by utilizing tunnel side wall and face space, carry out seismic wave field feature calculation and analysis, finally extract the multiple poorly plastid reflective information including different angles interface, with to the tunnel method that poorly plastid is surveyed and forecast.
The present invention solves its technical matters by the following technical solutions: a kind of tunnel geological detection method of full sectional observation system, and concrete steps are as follows:
1) the full sectional observation system layout in tunnel: left tunnel abutment wall, RightWall and face are linked to be to a full sectional observation system, the position of 0.8～1.5m at the bottom of left tunnel abutment wall, RightWall are respectively apart from tunnel, by 1.0～2.0m spacing is uniform respectively 15～45 receiving sensors are set, the position of 0.8～1.5m at the bottom of distance tunnel on face, by 1.0～2.0m spacing is uniform 10～30 receiving sensors are set, receiving sensor can obtain the reflected signal from tunnel space diverse location; On left tunnel abutment wall, RightWall, be furnished with respectively shot point, be furnished with respectively shot point in tunnel tunnel face both sides;
2) tunnel seismic signal excites and gathers: in order successively by left tunnel abutment wall, on RightWall and face both sides shot point blow out respectively earthquake-wave-exciting signal, each shot point excites the receiving sensor on rear left tunnel abutment wall, RightWall, face to receive simultaneously, and corresponding tunnel seismic wave field record section is tested and obtained in gradation;
3) tunnel seismic signal processing: computing machine carries out data length setting to gathering seismologic record, and zeroing and mean amplitude spectrum processing, make waveform signal in same magnitude level, carries out comparison of wave shape and spectrum analysis; Utilize noise signal and useful signal frequency response value difference different, set the upper and lower bound value of bandpass filtering, adopt the non-linear amplifying techniques such as amplitude compensation to process signal; Utilize velocity analysis result carry out seismic section time deeply change, obtain the migration result after migration processing;
4) poorly plastid result of detection judgement of tunnel: analyze actual seismic wave field record and migrated section, extract reflection horizon, output unfavorable geology body position, tunnel and distribution range differentiation result.
Described step 2) the seismic wave field record of face place shot point can comprise the poorly reflective information of plastid of 90 degree vertical interfaces.
The present invention has following advantage and good effect:
1, the present invention adopts the full sectional observation system in tunnel and systematized seismic data processing method and step, effectively collect the various reflection wave signals including the 90 vertical bad interfaces of degree, and can identify and extract the effective reflection signal that represents unfavorable geology aspect from the sophisticated signal collecting; According to the relation of reflection wave time of arrival, reflected energy and reflection wave phase place and incident wave phase place, can Quick unfavorable geology body position and distribution range, tunnel geological forecast result is exactly provided.
2, the full sectional observation system in tunnel of the present invention, takes full advantage of tunnel side wall and face space, by receiving sensor is installed, ensures to receive from the poorly reflected signal of plastid of different directions; Shot point on face excites can effectively avoid wire recording geometry to spend to front, tunnel 90 problem that vertical interface cannot receive, and by receiving from 2 above reflected raies on interface, determines the distribution range at this bad interface.
3, the present invention carries out data length setting to gathering seismologic record, zeroing and mean amplitude spectrum processing, make waveform signal in same magnitude level, by carrying out data layout reorganization, change the data layout that user can read into, in data, read maximum data, each data of timing curve are divided by maximal value, do amplitude normalization processing, to reduce shooting conditions and the impact of excitation energy on detection waveform, make energy in unified magnitude level, be conducive to the extraction of unfavorable geology boundary reflection layer.
4, the present invention is offset achievement and adopts reverse-time migration imaging, reverse-time migration is extracted imaging section by backstepping on time orientation, instead of on conventional depth direction, the wave field value of extracting respective nodes according to firing time image-forming condition obtains migration result.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is tunnel of the present invention full sectional observation system layout schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the tunnel geological detection method process block scheme of a kind of full sectional observation system of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is left tunnel abutment wall 1-15 shot point data recording figure.
Fig. 4 is the imaging results figure of left tunnel abutment wall 9-23 shot point data processing.
Left tunnel abutment wall 1, Tunnel Right abutment wall 2, tunnel tunnel face 3, receiving sensor 4, shot point 5.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further described.
As shown in Figure 1, 2, a kind of tunnel geological detection method of full sectional observation system, is mainly quantitatively to calculate unfavorable geology body position and distribution range, to tunnel poorly plastid survey and forecast.The full sectional observation system layout in tunnel, left tunnel abutment wall, RightWall and face are linked to be to a full sectional observation system, the position of 0.8～1.5m at the bottom of left tunnel abutment wall is apart from tunnel, RightWall apart from tunnel at the bottom of the position of 0.8～1.5m, by 1.0～2.0m spacing uniform setting at least 15～45 receiving sensor respectively, the position of 0.8～1.5m at the bottom of distance tunnel on face, by uniform setting at least 10～30 of a 1.0～2.0m spacing receiving sensor, receiving sensor can obtain the reflected signal from tunnel space diverse location; On left tunnel abutment wall, on RightWall, be furnished with respectively shot point, be furnished with respectively shot point in tunnel tunnel face both sides; Successively shot point on left tunnel abutment wall, on RightWall and face both sides, road shot point are blown out respectively in order to earthquake-wave-exciting signal, each shot point excites the receiving sensor on the left side, rear tunnel, RightWall, on face to receive simultaneously, and corresponding tunnel seismic wave field record section is tested and obtained in gradation.
The full sectional observation system layout in tunnel, by left tunnel abutment wall, RightWall and face are linked to be a full sectional observation system, at left tunnel abutment wall, RightWall apart from tunnel at the bottom of the position of 1m, be evenly arranged respectively 35 receiving sensors by spacing 1.5m, on the left side wall successively uniform setting from the 1st～the 35th, the position of 1m at the bottom of distance tunnel on face, be evenly arranged 13 receiving sensors by spacing 1.5m, at face successively uniform setting from the 36th～the 48th, again on the right wall successively uniform setting from the 49th～the 83rd, arrange and make receiving sensor can obtain the reflected signal from tunnel space diverse location like this, on leftwall, RightWall, distinguish 1 shot point of each layout, distinguish shot point of each layout in face both sides, blow out respectively earthquake-wave-exciting signal at 4 shot points successively in order, each shot point excites Hou83 road receiving sensor to receive simultaneously, test at every turn and obtain 4 corresponding tunnel seismic wave field record sections, and the seismic wave field of face place shot point record can comprise the poorly reflective information of plastid of 90 degree vertical interfaces, complete tunnel seismic signal and excite and gather, to collect tunnel seismic wave field section record input computing machine, computing machine carries out tunnel seismic signal processing procedure, carries out data length setting, zeroing and mean amplitude spectrum processing to gathering seismologic record, make waveform signal in same magnitude level, carry out comparison of wave shape and spectrum analysis, utilize noise signal and useful signal frequency response value difference different, set the upper and lower bound value of bandpass filtering, adopt the non-linear amplifying technique such as amplitude compensation to process signal, utilize velocity analysis result carry out seismic section time deeply change, obtain the migration result after migration processing, Computer Analysis actual seismic wave field record and migrated section, extract reflection horizon, and export unfavorable geology body position, tunnel and distribution range differentiation result, completes poorly plastid result of detection judgement of tunnel.
As shown in Figure 3, through certain left tunnel abutment wall 1-15 big gun data recording figure of master data processing, for offset data processing below, before full section advanced prediction geological data is carried out to reverse-time migration, data are done to base conditioning, comprised and eliminate equilibrium in direct wave, road.
As shown in Figure 4, the data of the 9-23 big gun to certain left tunnel abutment wall are carried out migration imaging, obtain the imaging results of getting out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation, and analyze that imaging results is knownly positioned at space X=48.5m, X=80m place focused energy is stronger; The region marking in Fig. 4 is the migration result in tunnel, next door, and two tunnels are at a distance of 30 meters.Contrast by real data, can show that real data migration result is correct.In Fig. 4, coordinate position is positioned at tunnel left side 70m to 80m section, 100m place, 150m place position, reflection horizon, and wherein 100m, 150m place energy are relatively concentrated.
Thus, our deduction is positioned at front of tunnel heading 29m, 79m place is rock stratum interphase or shatter belt.Closely going up geological radar, migration imaging, horizontal method of superposition successful, can mutually confirm.
Claims (2)
1. a tunnel geological detection method for full sectional observation system, concrete steps are as follows:
1) the full sectional observation system layout in tunnel: left tunnel abutment wall, RightWall and face are linked to be to a full sectional observation system, the position of 0.8～1.5m at the bottom of left tunnel abutment wall, RightWall are respectively apart from tunnel, by 1.0～2.0m spacing is uniform respectively 15～45 receiving sensors are set, the position of 0.8～1.5m at the bottom of distance tunnel on face, by 1.0～2.0m spacing is uniform 10～30 receiving sensors are set, receiving sensor can obtain the reflected signal from tunnel space diverse location; On left tunnel abutment wall, RightWall, be furnished with respectively shot point, be furnished with respectively shot point in tunnel tunnel face both sides;
2) tunnel seismic signal excites and gathers: in order successively by left tunnel abutment wall, on RightWall and face both sides shot point blow out respectively earthquake-wave-exciting signal, each shot point excites the receiving sensor on rear left tunnel abutment wall, RightWall, face to receive simultaneously, and corresponding tunnel seismic wave field record section is tested and obtained in gradation;
3) tunnel seismic signal processing: computing machine carries out data length setting to gathering seismologic record, and zeroing and mean amplitude spectrum processing, make waveform signal in same magnitude level, carries out comparison of wave shape and spectrum analysis; Utilize noise signal and useful signal frequency response value difference different, set the upper and lower bound value of bandpass filtering, adopt the non-linear amplifying techniques such as amplitude compensation to process signal; Utilize velocity analysis result carry out seismic section time deeply change, obtain the migration result after migration processing;
4) poorly plastid result of detection judgement of tunnel: analyze actual seismic wave field record and migrated section, extract reflection horizon, output unfavorable geology body position, tunnel and distribution range differentiation result.
2. the tunnel geological detection method of a kind of full sectional observation system according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step 2) seismic wave field of face place shot point record can comprise the poorly reflective information of plastid of 90 degree vertical interfaces.
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Cited By (5)
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| JP2016095140A (en) * | 2014-11-12 | 2016-05-26 | 株式会社大林組 | Method of exploring ahead of tunnel face |
| CN105974465A (en) * | 2016-06-08 | 2016-09-28 | 山东大学 | Tunnel three-dimensional seismic wave advanced detection space observation system and tunnel three-dimensional seismic wave advanced detection space observation method |
| CN108732615A (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2018-11-02 | 中铁第六勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Seismic reflection method advanced geology prediction system blasting cap initiation alarming device |
| CN113267806A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-08-17 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | Multi-wave acquisition system and advanced detection method for TBM cutter head rock breaking noise source |
| CN116087326A (en) * | 2022-09-07 | 2023-05-09 | 温州信达交通工程试验检测有限公司 | Tunnel lining defect intelligent monitoring device based on space-solid coupling seismic wave detection |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2016095140A (en) * | 2014-11-12 | 2016-05-26 | 株式会社大林組 | Method of exploring ahead of tunnel face |
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| CN108732615A (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2018-11-02 | 中铁第六勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Seismic reflection method advanced geology prediction system blasting cap initiation alarming device |
| CN108732615B (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2023-06-09 | 中铁第六勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Detonator detonation warning device of advanced geological prediction system by seismic wave reflection method |
| CN113267806A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-08-17 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | Multi-wave acquisition system and advanced detection method for TBM cutter head rock breaking noise source |
| CN113267806B (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2023-01-10 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | Multi-wave acquisition system and advanced detection method for TBM cutter head rock breaking noise source |
| CN116087326A (en) * | 2022-09-07 | 2023-05-09 | 温州信达交通工程试验检测有限公司 | Tunnel lining defect intelligent monitoring device based on space-solid coupling seismic wave detection |
| CN116087326B (en) * | 2022-09-07 | 2023-08-15 | 温州信达交通工程试验检测有限公司 | Tunnel lining defect intelligent monitoring device based on space-solid coupling seismic wave detection |
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