CN103975883B - The selection of the black shell strain of a kind of pteria martensii for cultivating sea water pearls - Google Patents
The selection of the black shell strain of a kind of pteria martensii for cultivating sea water pearls Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the selection of the black shell strain of a kind of pteria martensii for cultivating sea water pearls, belong to pearl breeding technique field, the method with two geographical populations such as Chinese pteria martensii Hainan Lingshui wild population and Leizhou, North Sea cultured populations for breeding underlying group, in two colonies, select the individuality of high-quality as hybrid strain, utilize Different population to carry out reciprocal cross and selfing and cultivate offspring, therefrom growth selection advantage the most significantly combine-" Leizhou ♀ × Lingshui ♂ " offspring carries out enclosed breeding of population; Obtain that black shell color characteristic is obvious, economic characters are excellent, heritability is stablized, have the pteria martensii of some black shell chromaticity system.Selection principle of the present invention is feasible, and processing step is simple, and low production cost, can significantly improve the survival rate of pteria martensii, growth rate, pearl quality and output, promotes the sustainable development of China's sea water pearls aquaculture.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to a kind of selection of animal new varieties, be specifically related to the selection of the black shell strain of pteria martensii of cultivating sea water pearls.
Background technology
Pteria martensii is subordinate to Mollusca, Bivalvia, pearl shell order, Pteriidae, Pinctada kind, is the important kind for the production of sea water pearls.At distribution in China in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and Sound Velocity in Southern Taiwan Strait coastal, also there is distribution in Japan.The sixties, China became the exported country of pteria martensii cultured pearl (being commonly called as " Nan Zhu "), and generally acknowledge that the southern pearl quality that China produces is leading in the world in the world, the nineties " Nan Zhu " output leaps to the first in the world.But in recent years, along with pteria martensii kind matter is degenerated, pearl quality and output decline year by year, and pearl sector benefit obviously comes down, and " Nan Zhu " industry brilliant is in the past faced with baptism.Therefore, cultivation fast growth, the pteria martensii new varieties that survival rate is high, performance of growing cultured pearls is good are extremely urgent, have important economy and social effect.
On pteria martensii rearing new variety, firstly study successful pteria martensii " sea excellent No. 1 " Hybrid by University Of Hainan, to be authorized by the 4th national aquatic products original seed and the breeding validation board fourth session in 2012 years that (The Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, MOA announces No. 1756, see appendix 1), become the new varieties that current pteria martensii is unique.Cultivar registration GS-02-002-2011, parental source is India cultured population ♂ × Sanya wild population ♀, the male parent of this kind is the pteria martensii India cultured population introduced for 2000, female parent is pteria martensii Sanya wild population, from 2000, respectively after continuous 7 generations closed population seed selection, what adopt the method for " commercial crossbreeding " hybridization to obtain has stronger heterotic offspring; This kind fast growth, bead yield rate is high, and high quality pearl ratio is high.Cultivate compared with pteria martensii with locality, Hainan Province, 1 age shellfish high, the body weight of shell improve 15.31% and 24.90% respectively, bead yield rate improves 15.90%, excellent pearl rate raising 17.68%; This kind is suitable for cultivating in the ground Marine waters such as Hainan, Guangxi and Guangdong.But this kind also exists important shortcoming, one is lack obvious morphological genetic markers, and easy and other kind is obscured; Two is that the new varieties that this method utilizes " commercial crossbreeding " to cultivate are in heterozygous state, its excellent economic characters can not genetic stability, a generation can only be utilized, each utilization must carry out hybrid seeding by above-mentioned two different geographic populations again, need to spend a large amount of manpower and materials to carry out isolation conservation to two geographical population, cost is high, and easily obscures.
Chinese patent, publication number CN101720691, open a kind of selects from wild or cultured population that golden yellow shell color characteristic is significantly individual sets up basic population for parent carries out flock-mate; Colony's selection is carried out according to shell look and shell ponderal index character pair basic population; After 3-5 generation is selected, select the individual ratio of golden yellow shell look in group to reach 95, shell ponderal index improves more than 20%.This invention only carries out colony's selection from shell look and shell weight two indexes, is difficult to the excellent strain selecting inheritance stability.
The method of production new varieties of the present invention is different from aforementioned, the approach adopted is " improved crossing ", namely two different geographic populations are utilized to hybridize, then to filial generation with black shell look for genetic marker, the locking seed selection carrying out some generations is bred, final acquisition economic characters are excellent and the new varieties of inheritance stability are used for popularization, the new varieties homozygosity that this method is cultivated is high, excellent economic characters can genetic stability, can continuous multi-generation utilize, other seedling field can autonomous production, is conducive to marketing.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide the breeding technique of the black shell strain of a kind of pteria martensii one.Through the black shell strain that this technology selects, the kind matter that can overcome existing pteria martensii breed variety is degenerated, and improves the seed output and quality of southern pearl, promotes the sustainable health development of south-pearl industry; Simultaneously, because black shell strain has definite black shell look morphological genetic markers and merit Absorbable organic halogens is hereditary, " excellent No. 1 of sea " Hybrid can be overcome and lack obvious morphological genetic markers, easy and other kind is obscured and is in heterozygous state, excellent economic characters can not genetic stability, a generation can only be utilized, each utilization must carry out hybrid seeding by above-mentioned two different geographic populations again, need to spend a large amount of manpower and materials to carry out isolation conservation to two geographical population, cost is high, and the shortcoming such as easily to obscure.
To achieve the above object of the invention, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
1. determine breeding objective and scheme
2. hybrid strain is selected and apolegamy
3. close shellfish gonad maturity accelerating is cultivated
4. the simple improved crossing of liang kind
5. optimum hybrid combination is selected
6. black shell strain is bred as
7. black shell strain development high quality pearl
(1) a selection for the black shell strain of the pteria martensii for cultivating sea water pearls, in technique scheme, step 1 is:
Breeding objective: with black shell look for genetic marker, with wide, the large body weight of high, the large shell of large shell, high-servival rate for breeding objective, cultivate that morphological feature is obvious, economic characters are excellent, heritability is stablized, can be used for cultivating the pteria martensii new varieties of high yield and high quality sea water pearls;
Breeding system: adopt China's two geographical populations, i.e. Lingshui, Hainan wild population and Leizhou, North Sea cultured population, get wild population heterozygosity high, the advantage that diversity is enriched and cultured population adapt to the advantage propagating environment artificially, the Breeding objective of Liang Ge colony is carried out to the selection of some strength, then positive and negative hybridization and selfing cultivation F1 generation is carried out, by contrasting F1 generation objective trait, select optimum hybrid combination, its offspring is carried out to the swarm robotic system seed selection of 6 generations, final incubation morphological feature is obvious, economic characters are excellent, heritability is stablized, the black shell chromaticity of pteria martensii having some is 1, according to pteria martensii growth and 1 year i.e. sexual maturity feature, the generation interval of setting seed selection is 1.5 years.Breeding Process and popularization place from now on are all positioned at pearl breedinmg marine site, the Lezhou Peninsula, the North Sea;
(2) a selection for the black shell strain of the pteria martensii for cultivating sea water pearls, in technique scheme, step 2 hybrid strain is selected and matches and is:
Choose two geographical populations such as Chinese pteria martensii Hainan Lingshui wild population and Leizhou, North Sea cultured population for breeding underlying group, in two colonies, choose that build is large, shell table background color is canescence, it is distributed with the individuality of several obvious black zona radiatas as hybrid strain, carry out that Different population is orthogonal, reciprocal cross and selfing, carry out hybrid strain and select and apolegamy.4 mating combinations are " Leizhou ♀ × Lingshui ♂ ", " Leizhou ♂ × Lingshui ♀ ", " Leizhou ♀ × Leizhou ♂ ", " Lingshui ♀ × Lingshui ♂ " respectively, and each combination forms breeding populations by 50 ♀ bodies and 50 ♂ bodies.From the F1 offspring that 4 combinations are cultivated, carry out evaluation of economical characters, selective advantage the most significantly combines carries out black shell chromaticity system unexpected mass incident;
(3) a selection for the black shell strain of the pteria martensii for cultivating sea water pearls, in technique scheme, the close shellfish gonad maturity accelerating of step 3 is cultivated and is:
The cleaning of choose two geographical population parent shellfishes washed, potassium permanganate is sterilized, and is then placed in 0.5m3 pond artificial ripening, culture density 200/m
3, 24h blowing aeration; Bait throwing in every day 4 times, mixes throw something and feed P latymonas subcordifomis and equilateral chrysophyceae at every turn, and ensure to ingest abundance, density of at every turn throwing something and feeding is by flat algae 4-6 ten thousand cells/ml, chrysophyceae 10-15 ten thousand cells/ml; Cultivating water temperature controls at 25-26 DEG C; Change water 50% every day, within every two days, all change water and wash pool once, sexual gland is close to changing into flowing water time ripe, and end row soil pick-up is simultaneously entered at the end, every day streamflow 100%; Until sexual gland full maturity;
(4) a selection for the black shell strain of the pteria martensii for cultivating sea water pearls, in technique scheme, the simple improved crossing of step 4 liang kind is:
Parent cultivates after maturation through indoor accelerating, and by two geographical population reciprocal crosss and selfing requirement of experiment, the ripe parent of Liang Ge colony arranges in pairs or groups composition 4 mating combinations at random, and each combination is made up of 50 ♀ bodies and 50 ♂ bodies.Employing post-mortem method is inseminated, and control seminal fluid quantity, ovum liquid: seminal fluid=5:1, after fertilization removes unnecessary sperm by washing ovum.Seeling industry is undertaken by shellfish hatchery conventional method, and 4 combination isolation are cultivated, and breeding condition is consistent, and avoids producing environmental effect.Cultivated through 50 days, each combination brings out shell height 1-3mm seedling 1 batch, namely terminates the seedling fostering stage to enter middle training and forming stage.Middle training and forming is undertaken by pteria martensii conventional cultivation method, but the uniformity of 4 combination offsprings in cultivation density, cultivation instrument, mariculture area, cultivation water layer, operational administrative etc. must be ensured, at utmost to avoid environmental effect may have an impact to 4 combination offspring economic characters, guarantee the accuracy of seed selection; Through the cultivation of about 1.5 years, F1 generation shell height was more than 6cm, and each economic characters give full expression to, and reaches the specification that can be used for nucleus insertion and pearl.At this moment, each combination offspring economic characters are tested and assessed, therefrom selects optimum hybrid combination for black shell strain breeding.This phase sexual gland has reached full growth maturation, can be used for breeding offspring;
(5) a selection for the black shell strain of the pteria martensii for cultivating sea water pearls, in technique scheme, the optimum hybrid combination of step 5 is chosen as:
The proterties that each combination F1 participates in assessment comprises: shell is long, shell is high, shell is wide, full weight, survival rate, shell colour purity rate.Form and each random measurement of weight proterties 60 individualities; When cultivation survival rate and shell colour purity rate are by often combining three experiment groups, at the end of seedling quantity 10000 cultivation extremely, survival sum and black shell look sum are tried to achieve;
Long at shell, shell is high, shell is wide, select the generation having and preferably show in full weight, survival rate etc., as black shell strain breeding basic population, other combination is eliminated;
(6) a selection for the black shell strain of the pteria martensii for cultivating sea water pearls, in technique scheme, the black shell strain of step 6 is bred as and is:
When Orthogonal Composite F1 generation cultivation (counting the same day from fertilization) reaches 1.5 years, swarm robotic system seed selection is carried out to this colony; First the black shell look individuality (left and right shell table background color is canescence, it is distributed with the clearly demarcated black zona radiata in several borders) of standard is selected, staying by 10% in these individualities selects rate to select the high maximum individuality of shell, again from the high maximum individuality of shell, by 10% stay and select rate to select the wide maximum individuality of shell, last from the wide maximum individuality of shell, staying by 50% selects rate to select the maximum individuality of body weight as parent, breeds F2 generation.Always stay and select rate 0.5%; The Systematic Breeding in F3 to F6 generation carries out for the method for seed selection by F2, is often 1.5 years for the generation interval.Through the seed selection of 6 generations, select that morphological feature is obvious, economic characters are excellent, heritability is stablized, have some (100,000), there is the strain of application value;
(7) a selection for the black shell strain of the pteria martensii for cultivating sea water pearls, in technique scheme, step 7 black shell strain development high quality pearl is:
The purposes of black shell strain is to cultivate high yield and high quality sea water pearls, in order to test the effect of growing cultured pearls of black shell strain, carry out nucleus insertion and pearl test, control group is the non-seed selection ordinary group of pteria martensii of local cultivation, expert is organized to carry out on-the-spot test by Administration of Ocean and Fisheries of Guangdong Province, verify that black shell strain is grown cultured pearls effect, promoting for new lines provides experiment to support.
The present invention relative to the beneficial effect of prior art is:
1, black shell strain (F6) and the common cultured population economic characters of non-seed selection contrast
Table 2. black shell strain (F6) and the common cultured population performance comparison of non-seed selection (cultivating 18 months)
| Proterties | Black shell chromaticity system | Ordinary group | Increase rate (%) |
| Shell is high | 69.85a±4.11 | 59.67b±3.82 | 17.1 |
| Shell is wide | 29.13a±1.52 | 23.65b±1.76 | 23.2 |
| Full weight | 48.48a±4.47 | 34.54b±3.32 | 40.4 |
| Survival rate (%) | 62.54 a±1.17 | 48.23 b±1.03 | 29.7 |
| Shell colour purity rate (%) | 100(black) | Variegated | / |
From table 2, the aspects such as black shell product tie up to that shell is high, shell is wide, full weight and survival rate all significantly (P<0.05>) are better than ordinary group; This strain body weight increase rate reaches 40.4%, and " excellent No. 1 of sea " Hybrid body weight only improves 24.90%; This strain black shell colour purity rate reaches 100%, and ordinary group is then in variegated state, and therefore black shell look can be used as the morphological genetic markers of this strain, overcomes " excellent No. 1 of sea " Hybrid and lacks obvious morphological markers and easily and the problem obscured of common variety.
2, black shell strain (F6) and the common cultured population of non-seed selection are grown cultured pearls Contrast on effect
The purposes of black shell strain is to cultivate high yield and high quality sea water pearls.In order to test the effect of growing cultured pearls of black shell strain, during year January in April, 2012 to 2013, carried out nucleus insertion and pearl test, control group is the non-seed selection ordinary group of pteria martensii of local cultivation.On January 30th, 2013, the fieldtesting results organizing expert to carry out by Administration of Ocean and Fisheries of Guangdong Province is as following table 3.
Table 3. black shell strain (F6) and non-seed selection ordinary group are grown cultured pearls effectiveness comparison (2012.4-2013.1)
| Economic indicator | Black shell strain | Ordinary group | Black shell strain increase rate (%) |
| Insert the maternal quantity (only) of core | 100000 | 50000 | / |
| Survival rate (%) | 67.9 | 60.6 | 12.0 |
| Insert ten thousand shellfishes results commodity pearl quality (kg) | 2.61 | 2.20 | 18.6 |
| Excellent pearl rate (%) | 42.4 | 31.3 | 35.5 |
| Bad pearl rate (%) | 10.9 | 13.5 | -19.3 |
From table 3, black shell strain 4 desired values of growing cultured pearls all significantly are better than ordinary group, and phase survival rate of wherein growing cultured pearls improves 12.0%, and pearl production improves 18.6%, and excellent pearl rate improves 35.5%, and pearl rate inferior decreases 19.3%; The excellent pearl rate of " excellent No. 1 of sea " Hybrid only improves 17.68%, lower than black shell strain.Prove thus, the black shell strain that the present invention cultivates has the performance of cultivating high yield and high quality sea water pearls, is a strain with good promotion prospect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 be not through screening pteria martensii ordinary group---shell look presents variegated state;
Fig. 2 be through screening the black shell strain of pteria martensii---shell face, left and right all has black zona radiata.
Embodiment
Be described in further details the present invention below by embodiment, these embodiments are only used for the present invention is described, do not limit the scope of the invention, the specific embodiment of the invention is implemented by Synthesis and applications two aspect.
Embodiment
1, breeding objective and scheme is determined
Breeding objective: with black shell look for genetic marker, with wide, the large body weight of high, the large shell of large shell, high-servival rate for breeding objective, cultivate that morphological feature is obvious, economic characters are excellent, heritability is stablized, can be used for cultivating the pteria martensii new varieties of high yield and high quality sea water pearls;
Breeding system: adopt China's two geographical populations, i.e. Lingshui, Hainan wild population and Leizhou, North Sea cultured population, get the advantage that wild population heterozygosity is high, diversity is enriched advantage and cultured population adapt to propagate artificially environment, the Breeding objective of Liang Ge colony is carried out to the selection of some strength, then positive and negative hybridization and selfing cultivation F1 generation is carried out, by contrasting F1 generation objective trait, selecting optimum hybrid combination offspring, it being carried out to the swarm robotic system seed selection of 6 generations.In each generation, first the black shell look individuality (left and right shell table background color is canescence, it is distributed with the clearly demarcated black zona radiata in several borders) of standard is selected, staying by 10% in these individualities selects rate to select the high maximum individuality of shell, again from the high maximum individuality of shell, by 10% stay and select rate to select the wide maximum individuality of shell, finally from the wide maximum individuality of shell, stay by 50% and select rate to select the maximum individuality of body weight as parent, breed each generation, always stay and select rate 0.5%.By seed selection, the black shell look genetic marker of final incubation is obvious, economic characters are excellent, heritability is stablized, have the black shell chromaticity of the pteria martensii of some is 1.According to pteria martensii growth and 1 year i.e. sexual maturity feature, the generation interval of setting seed selection is 1.5 years.Breeding Process and popularization place from now on are all positioned at pearl breedinmg marine site, the Lezhou Peninsula, the North Sea;
2, hybrid strain is selected and apolegamy
Choose two geographical populations such as Chinese pteria martensii Hainan Lingshui wild population and Leizhou, North Sea cultured population for breeding underlying group, in two colonies, choose that build is large, left and right shell table background color is canescence, it is distributed with the individuality of several obvious black zona radiatas as hybrid strain, carry out that Different population is orthogonal, reciprocal cross and selfing, carry out hybrid strain and select and apolegamy.4 mating combinations are " Leizhou ♀ × Lingshui ♂ ", " Leizhou ♂ × Lingshui ♀ ", " Leizhou ♀ × Leizhou ♂ ", " Lingshui ♀ × Lingshui ♂ " respectively, and each combination forms breeding populations by 50 ♀ bodies and 50 ♂ bodies.From the F1 offspring that 4 combinations are cultivated, carry out evaluation of economical characters, selective advantage the most significantly combines carries out black shell chromaticity system unexpected mass incident;
3, close shellfish gonad maturity accelerating is cultivated
On March 10th, 2003, the cleaning of choose two geographical population parent shellfishes washed, potassium permanganate is sterilized, and is then placed in 0.5m3 pond artificial ripening, culture density 200/m3,24h blowing aeration; Bait throwing in every day 4 times, mixes throw something and feed P latymonas subcordifomis and Isochrysis galbana at every turn, and ensure to ingest abundance, density of at every turn throwing something and feeding is by flat algae 4-6 ten thousand cells/ml, chrysophyceae 10-15 ten thousand cells/ml; Cultivating water temperature controls at 25-26 DEG C; Change water 50% every day, within every two days, all change water and wash pool once, sexual gland is close to changing into flowing water time ripe, and end row soil pick-up is simultaneously entered at the end, every day streamflow 100%; April 6 sexual gland full maturity;
4, the simple improved crossing of two kinds
By two geographical population reciprocal crosss and selfing requirement of experiment, the ripe parent of Liang Ge colony arranges in pairs or groups composition 4 mating combinations at random, and each combination is made up of 50 ♀ bodies and 50 ♂ bodies.Employing post-mortem method is inseminated, and control seminal fluid quantity, ovum liquid: seminal fluid=5:1, after fertilization removes unnecessary sperm by washing ovum.Seeling industry is undertaken by shellfish hatchery conventional method, and 4 combination isolation are cultivated, and breeding condition is consistent, and avoids producing environmental effect.Cultivated through 50 days, on May 26th, 2003, each combination brings out shell height 1-3mm seedling 1 batch, namely terminates the seedling fostering stage to enter middle training and forming stage.Middle training and forming is undertaken by pteria martensii conventional cultivation method, but the uniformity of 4 combination offsprings in cultivation density, cultivation instrument, mariculture area, cultivation water layer, operational administrative etc. must be ensured, at utmost to avoid environmental effect may have an impact to 4 combination offspring economic characters, guarantee the accuracy of seed selection.Through the cultivation of about 1.5 years, on October 6th, 2004, F1 generation shell height was more than 6cm, and each economic characters give full expression to, and reaches the specification that can be used for nucleus insertion and pearl.At this moment, each combination offspring economic characters are tested and assessed, therefrom selects optimum hybrid combination for black shell strain breeding.This phase sexual gland has reached full growth maturation, can be used for breeding offspring;
5, optimum hybrid combination is selected
The proterties that each combination F1 generation participates in assessment comprises: shell is long, shell is high, shell is wide, full weight, survival rate, shell colour purity rate.Form and each random measurement of weight proterties 60 individualities; When cultivation survival rate and shell colour purity rate are by often combining three experiment groups, at the end of seedling quantity 10000 cultivation extremely, survival sum and black shell look sum are tried to achieve.Each character value statistics is as following table 1.
Table 1. cultivates latter two geographical population hybridization in 1 year and self progeny's character pair ratio
| Proterties | Leizhou ♀ × Lingshui ♂ | Leizhou ♂ × Lingshui ♀ | Leizhou ♀ × Leizhou ♂ | Lingshui ♀ × Lingshui ♂ |
| Shell is high/mm | 67.55a±3.54 | 64.78b±3.37 | 62.75c±3.32 | 60.52d±3.38 |
| Shell is wide/mm | 25.43a±1.57 | 24.50b±1.47 | 24.48b±1.59 | 22.63c±1.46 |
| Full weight/g | 29.51a±3.15 | 26.34b±3.07 | 24.21c±3.10 | 22.66d±2.97 |
| Cultivation survival rate/% | 66.3 a±2.32 | 57.6 b±2.52 | 67.9a±2.16 | 43.2c±2.09 |
| Shell colour purity rate/% | 76.5 b±4.22 | 73.4 c±5.36 | 86.9 a±3.52 | 58.3 d±5.92 |
From table 1, there is obvious heterosis, hybrid vigor in Orthogonal Composite " Leizhou ♀ × Lingshui ♂ " F1 generation, long at shell, shell is high, shell is wide, all have best performance in full weight, survival rate etc., shell colour purity rate is also higher, therefore using this combination F1 generation colony as black shell strain breeding basic population, other combination is eliminated;
6, black shell strain is bred as
When Orthogonal Composite F1 generation cultivation (counting the same day from fertilization) reaches 1.5 years, swarm robotic system seed selection is carried out to this colony.First the black shell look individuality (left and right shell table background color is canescence, it is distributed with the clearly demarcated black zona radiata in several borders) of standard is selected, staying by 10% in these individualities selects rate to select the high maximum individuality of shell, again from the high maximum individuality of shell, by 10% stay and select rate to select the wide maximum individuality of shell, last from the wide maximum individuality of shell, staying by 50% selects rate to select the maximum individuality of body weight as parent, breeds F2 generation.Always stay and select rate 0.5%.The Systematic Breeding in F3 to F6 generation all carries out for the method for seed selection by F2, is often 1.5 years for the generation interval.From year March in March, 2003 to 2012, through the seed selection of 9 year 6 generation, obtain pteria martensii black shell strain 1 (F6), this strain black shell color characteristic is obvious, economic characters are excellent, heritability is stablized, have some (100,000), has application value.Black shell strain (F6) and the common cultured population economic characters of non-seed selection are to such as table 2.
Table 2. black shell strain (F6) and the common cultured population performance comparison of non-seed selection (cultivating 18 months)
| Proterties | Black shell chromaticity system | Ordinary group | Increase rate (%) |
| Shell is high | 69.85a±4.11 | 59.67b±3.82 | 17.1 |
| Shell is wide | 29.13a±1.52 | 23.65b±1.76 | 23.2 |
| Full weight | 48.48a±4.47 | 34.54b±3.32 | 40.4 |
| Survival rate (%) | 62.54 a±1.17 | 48.23 b±1.03 | 29.7 |
| Shell colour purity rate (%) | 100(black) | Variegated | / |
From table 2, the aspects such as black shell product tie up to that shell is high, shell is wide, full weight and survival rate all significantly (P<0.05>) are better than ordinary group; This strain black shell colour purity rate reaches 100%, and ordinary group is then in variegated state, and therefore black shell look can be used as the morphological genetic markers of this strain;
7, black shell strain (F6) and the common cultured population of non-seed selection are grown cultured pearls Contrast on effect
The purposes of black shell strain is to cultivate high yield and high quality sea water pearls.In order to test the effect of growing cultured pearls of black shell strain, during year January in April, 2012 to 2013, carried out nucleus insertion and pearl test, control group is the non-seed selection ordinary group of pteria martensii of local cultivation.On January 30th, 2013, the fieldtesting results organizing expert to carry out by Administration of Ocean and Fisheries of Guangdong Province is as following table 3.
Table 3. black shell strain (F6) and non-seed selection ordinary group are grown cultured pearls effectiveness comparison (2012.4-2013.1)
| Economic indicator | Black shell strain | Ordinary group | Black shell strain increase rate (%) |
| Insert the maternal quantity (only) of core | 100000 | 50000 | / |
| Survival rate (%) | 67.9 | 60.6 | 12.0 |
| Insert ten thousand shellfishes results commodity pearl quality (kg) | 2.61 | 2.20 | 18.6 |
| Excellent pearl rate (%) | 42.4 | 31.3 | 35.5 |
| Secondary pearl rate (%) | 10.9 | 13.5 | -19.3 |
From table 3, black shell strain 4 desired values of growing cultured pearls all significantly are better than ordinary group, and phase survival rate of wherein growing cultured pearls improves 12.0%, and pearl production improves 18.6%, and excellent pearl rate improves 35.5%, and secondary (bad) pearl rate decreases 19.3%.Prove thus, the black shell strain that the present invention cultivates has the performance of cultivating high yield and high quality sea water pearls, is a strain with good popularizing application prospect.
Claims (1)
1. a selection for the black shell strain of the pteria martensii for cultivating sea water pearls, is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
(1) breeding objective: with black shell look for genetic marker, with wide, the large body weight of high, the large shell of large shell, high-servival rate for breeding objective, cultivate that morphological feature is obvious, economic characters are excellent, heritability is stablized, can be used for cultivating the pteria martensii new varieties of high yield and high quality sea water pearls;
(2) breeding system: adopt China's two geographical populations, i.e. Lingshui, Hainan wild population and Leizhou, North Sea cultured population, get wild population heterozygosity high, the advantage that diversity is enriched and cultured population adapt to the advantage propagating environment artificially, the Breeding objective of Liang Ge colony is carried out to the selection of some strength, then positive and negative hybridization and selfing cultivation F1 generation is carried out, by contrasting F1 generation objective trait, select optimum hybrid combination, its offspring is carried out to the swarm robotic system seed selection of 6 generations, final incubation morphological feature is obvious, economic characters are excellent, heritability is stablized, the black shell chromaticity of pteria martensii having some is 1, according to pteria martensii growth and 1 year i.e. sexual maturity feature, the generation interval of setting seed selection is 1.5 years, Breeding Process and popularization place from now on are all positioned at pearl breedinmg marine site, the Lezhou Peninsula, the North Sea,
(3) hybrid strain is selected and matches and is:
Choose Chinese pteria martensii Hainan Lingshui wild population and Leizhou, North Sea cultured population two geographical populations for breeding underlying group, in two colonies, choose that build is large, shell table background color is canescence, it is distributed with the individuality of several obvious black zona radiatas as hybrid strain, carry out that Different population is orthogonal, reciprocal cross and selfing, carry out hybrid strain and select and apolegamy; 4 mating combinations are " Leizhou ♀ × Lingshui ♂ ", " Leizhou ♂ × Lingshui ♀ ", " Leizhou ♀ × Leizhou ♂ ", " Lingshui ♀ × Lingshui ♂ " respectively, each combination forms breeding populations by 50 ♀ bodies and 50 ♂ bodies, from the F1 offspring that 4 combinations are cultivated, carry out evaluation of economical characters, selective advantage the most significantly combines carries out black shell chromaticity system unexpected mass incident;
(4) close shellfish gonad maturity accelerating is cultivated and is:
The cleaning of choose two geographical population parent shellfishes washed, potassium permanganate is sterilized, and is then placed in 0.5m
3pond artificial ripening, culture density 200/m
3, 24h blowing aeration; Bait throwing in every day 4 times, mixes throw something and feed P latymonas subcordifomis and equilateral chrysophyceae at every turn, and ensure to ingest abundance, density of at every turn throwing something and feeding is by P latymonas subcordifomis 4-6 ten thousand cells/ml, equilateral chrysophyceae 10-15 ten thousand cells/ml; Cultivating water temperature controls at 25-26 DEG C; Change water 50% every day, within every two days, all change water and wash pool once, sexual gland is close to changing into flowing water time ripe, and end row soil pick-up is simultaneously entered at the end, every day streamflow 100%; Until sexual gland full maturity;
The simple improved crossing of (5) two kind is:
Parent cultivates after maturation through indoor accelerating, by two geographical population reciprocal crosss and selfing requirement of experiment, the ripe parent of Liang Ge colony arranges in pairs or groups composition 4 mating combinations at random, each combination is made up of 50 ♀ bodies and 50 ♂ bodies, employing post-mortem method is inseminated, control seminal fluid quantity, ovum liquid: seminal fluid=5:1, after fertilization removes unnecessary sperm by washing ovum, seeling industry is undertaken by shellfish hatchery conventional method, 4 combination isolation are cultivated, breeding condition is consistent, avoid producing environmental effect, cultivated through 50 days, each combination brings out shell height 1-3mm seedling 1 batch, namely terminating the seedling fostering stage enters middle training and forming stage, middle training and forming is undertaken by pteria martensii conventional cultivation method, but the uniformity of 4 combination offsprings in cultivation density, cultivation instrument, mariculture area, cultivation water layer, operational administrative must be ensured, at utmost to avoid environmental effect to have an impact to 4 combination offspring economic characters, guarantee the accuracy of seed selection, through the cultivation of about 1.5 years, F1 generation shell height is more than 6cm, each economic characters give full expression to, and reach the specification that can be used for nucleus insertion and pearl, at this moment, each combination offspring economic characters are tested and assessed, therefrom selects optimum hybrid combination for black shell strain breeding, this phase sexual gland has reached full growth maturation, can be used for breeding offspring,
(6) optimum hybrid combination is chosen as:
The proterties that each combination F1 generation participates in assessment comprises: shell is long, shell is high, shell is wide, full weight, survival rate, shell colour purity rate; Form and each random measurement of weight proterties 60 individualities; When cultivation survival rate and shell colour purity rate are by often combining three experiment groups, at the end of seedling quantity 10000 cultivation extremely, survival sum and black shell look sum are tried to achieve;
Long at shell, shell is high, shell is wide, select the generation having and preferably show in full weight, survival rate, as black shell strain breeding basic population, other combination is eliminated;
(7) black shell strain is bred as and is:
Orthogonal Composite F1 generation cultivates: when counting full 1.5 years the same day from being fertilized, swarm robotic system seed selection is carried out to this colony, first the black shell look selecting standard is individual: left and right shell table background color is canescence, it is distributed with the clearly demarcated black zona radiata in several borders, staying by 10% in these individualities selects rate to select the high maximum individuality of shell, again from the high maximum individuality of shell, by 10% stay and select rate to select the wide maximum individuality of shell, last from the wide maximum individuality of shell, staying by 50% selects rate to select the maximum individuality of body weight as parent, breeds F2 generation; Always stay and select rate 0.5%; The Systematic Breeding in F3 to F6 generation carries out for the method for seed selection by F2, is often 1.5 years for the generation interval; Through the seed selection of 6 generations, be bred as the strain that morphological feature is obvious, economic characters are excellent, heritability is stablized, have some, have application value;
(8) black shell strain development high quality pearl is:
The purposes of black shell strain is to cultivate high yield and high quality sea water pearls, in order to test the effect of growing cultured pearls of black shell strain, carry out nucleus insertion and pearl test, control group is the non-seed selection ordinary group of pteria martensii of local cultivation, result of the test is by Administration of Ocean and Fisheries of Guangdong Province's on-the-spot test of having organized expert to carry out, test result shows, black shell strain can cultivate high yield and high quality sea water pearls, has good promotion prospect.
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