CN103975879A - Cultivation method of new strain of quickly-grown Portuguese oysters with golden yellow shells - Google Patents
Cultivation method of new strain of quickly-grown Portuguese oysters with golden yellow shells Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method of a new strain of quickly-grown Portuguese oysters with golden yellow shells. The cultivation method comprises the following steps: setting a breeding goal, establishing a breeding system, purifying the new strain and the like. Specifically, the golden yellow shells of the Portuguese oysters and full weight are taken as breeding goals, the breeding system is established through a group breeding and family breeding method, and the new strain of quickly-grown Portuguese oysters with golden yellow shells is screened through continuously directional purification with several generations. The new strain of Portuguese oysters bred through continuous breeding with several generations has the advantages of high growth, golden yellow shells, high commodity value and the like, and is suitable for monomer oyster cultivation and uncooked oyster production, so that the method has important roles in improving the cultivation yield, commodity value and economic benefit of the Portuguese oysters.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to aquatic products genetic breeding field, relate to particularly the breeding method of the golden yellow fast lady's fingers tooth oyster new lines of a kind of shell.
Background technology
Oyster (Ostreidae) belongs to Mollusca (Mollusca), Bivalvia (Bivalvia), pearl shell order (Pterioidae), Ostreidae (Ostreidae), is important marine organisms.Its meat flavour is delicious, and nutritive value is higher, have the laudatory title of " marine milk ", is the important mariculture objects in countries in the world, is also the economic shellfish of China and even world's cultured output maximum.It is the first that Chinese Oysters output occupies the whole world, and Fujian is the oyster culture district of Largest In China, mainly cultivates Portuguese oyster (Crassostrea angulata), and within 2012, Portuguese oyster cultured output has accounted for the more than 37% of national oyster output.But along with increasing year by year of Portuguese oyster cultured area and improving constantly of output, also there is germplasm degradation phenomena, the original feature of Portuguese oyster and quality change, outstanding behaviours in recent years reduces in the success rate of growing seedlings, oyster culture often occurs in enormous quantities dead, and present the individual miniaturization of cultivation, the economic characters continuous downturn phenomenon such as slow of growing, affected cultured output and the quality of oyster.In addition, traditional breeding way is still continued to use in China's oyster culture at present, and product is mainly sold to open shell fresh meat, and the output value is low, and culture benefit is not high, compares and differs greatly with external oyster price.Therefore cultivate high yield, high-quality oyster new lines, realize the industrialization of oyster breeding, significant to promoting China's oyster culture industry sustainable and healthy development.
Shell look, as a heritable qualitative character, has been obtained better achievement in some shellfish genetic breeding researchs such as scallop.The present invention adopts selection breeding method, and the golden yellow and full weight of the oyster shell of take is breeding goal, carries out the seed selection of golden yellow shell look fast lady's fingers tooth oyster new lines, and the new lines of cultivation is fast growth not only, and shell is golden yellow, color is gorgeous.The very suitable cultchless oyster of this strain cultivates and eats raw oyster and produces, to improve cultured output, commodity value and the economic benefit of Portuguese oyster.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the breeding method of the golden yellow fast lady's fingers tooth oyster new lines of a kind of shell.
Technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
A breeding method for the golden yellow fast lady's fingers tooth oyster new lines of shell, it comprises the steps:
1) close shellfish is selected: selected for 2 ages from a large amount of cultured populations of Portuguese oyster more than, and the individuality that shell is golden yellow, color is gorgeous, shell mould is regular; Measure all individual full weights of selecting, the male and female that then intercept full weight front 10% are individual as the close shellfish of breeding;
2) smart ovum obtains: dissect close shellfish, distinguish male and female, the close shellfish that gonad development is good is washed respectively to ovum, washes essence, and with 300 mesh sieve thin,tough silk impurity screenings, ovum is collected in respectively white barrel of the 160L plastics of mark, and seminal fluid is collected in respectively in the 500ml beaker of mark;
3) artificial insemination and hatching:
A. mass mating: get each 20-25 of male and female parent shellfish, its ovum and sperm mixing mating;
B. stud mating: get male and female parent shellfish, carry out individual 1 pair of 1 mating of male and female, set up family;
The white bucket hatching of 160L plastics that each group fertilized egg is placed in respectively to mark, seminal concentration is advisable with 3-4 sperm around each ovum, adopts the precipitation method to wash ovum 2-3 time during polyspermism; Triploidy rate 40-50/ml, micro-inflation, hatching water temperature 25-30 ℃;
4) larvae cultivation: development of fertilized ova adopts during to D type larva siphon method respectively every group of larva to be collected in to three and cultivated in the white bucket of 160L plastics of mark, 3 every group parallel group; D type larvae cultivation density is controlled at 8-12/ml, along with larval growth reduces density gradually, is down to 1-2/ml to Creeping larva density; Change water every day 2 times, change water 30%-50% at every turn, after larva adheres to, increase to 60%-100%; D type larva starts the chrysophyceae of throwing something and feeding, and daily ration of feeding increases to 2-3 ten thousand cells/ml in mid-term gradually from the 1-2 ten thousand cells/ml at initial stage, later stage 3-4 ten thousand cells/ml, and larvae development is added flat algae to the shell top later stage, and daily ration of feeding is 1-2 ten thousand cells/ml; During larvae cultivation, can suitably throw something and feed Chaetoceros or chlorella, water temperature 25-30 ℃ during larvae cultivation, salinity 23-28, pH value 8.0-8.5, approximately needs 14-20 days from D type larvae cultivation to Creeping larva;
5) collect seedling: when larval growth is to the long 320-330um of shell, when eyespot appears in 70-80%, start to throw in collector; The grey plastic sheet that collector adopts non-toxic material to make, plastic sheet specification is long 20-30cm, wide 1-3cm, thick 0.1-0.3cm; With 60-80 silk polyethylene rope by clean plastic sheet string together, tie up and on cross bar, hang on 60-80cm under the nursery pond water surface and collect seedling at place, every cubic metre of water body is thrown in plastic sheet 30-40 string; Every plastic sheet spatfall 20-30; Oyster seedling grows to the long 1-2mm of shell left and right, and each breeding line of mark also moves to sea area and carries out seed intermediate rearing;
In larvae cultivation process, keep respectively organizing breeding line larval density identical, daily ration, feeding quantity is consistent with rate of water exchange, and breeding condition is identical; Each container for plant growth, utensil of organizing breeding line uses separately respectively, avoids mixing;
6) sea area oyster seed intermediate rearing: the collector of enclosing oyster seedling of mark is moved to same a slice sea area and cultivate; If meet the natural waters Portuguese oyster larva setting stage, can first move to pond rearing, treat that the setting stage moves to sea area later again and cultivates; Under water temperature 13-26 ℃, the condition of salinity 26-30, through 90-120 days sea areas, to cultivate, oyster seedling can grow to the long 4-5cm of shell;
7) the de-base of seedling and monomer cultivation in oyster: when oyster seedling grows to 4-5cm, crooked oyster adherance plastic sheet, oyster seedling just comes off smoothly, forms cultchless oyster seedling; The cultivation basket that the cultchless oyster seedling that each breeding line is peeled off packs mark into is hung on the cultivation of same a slice sea area; Periodic cleaning aufwuch during cultivation, and measure growing state;
8) new lines purifying: select to possess the regular individuality of individual large, the golden yellow proterties of shell, shell mould as second generation parent from the golden yellow fast lady's fingers tooth oyster breeding line first generation of shell, each step of second generation seed selection is with first generation selection, until select the golden yellow fast lady's fingers tooth oyster strain of shell that proterties is stable.
Wherein, step 5) in, the every string of the plastic sheet of collecting seedling 16-20 sheet, pitch of fins 13-17cm.
Wherein, step 5) in, at water temperature 25-30 ℃, larva set was cultivated by 5-6 days, and oyster seedling can grow to the long 1-2mm of shell.
Wherein, step 6) in, under water temperature 13-26 ℃ condition, through 90-120 days sea areas, to cultivate, oyster seedling can grow to the long 4-5cm of shell.
Seen from the above description, the invention discloses the breeding method of the golden yellow fast lady's fingers tooth oyster new lines of a kind of shell, the steps such as it comprises the steps: to formulate breeding goal, sets up breeding line, new lines purifying.Be specially that to take the golden yellow shell of Portuguese oyster and full weight be breeding goal, by colony's seed selection and family selective breeding method, set up breeding line, the directed purifying by consecutive numbers generation filters out the golden yellow fast lady's fingers tooth oyster new lines of shell.By consecutive numbers, for the Portuguese oyster new lines of seed selection, have that growth is fast, shell is golden yellow, commodity value advantages of higher, it is suitable as cultchless oyster cultivation and eat oyster raw and produce, and this has important function for improving Portuguese oyster cultured output, commodity value and economic benefit.
Embodiment
In Portuguese oyster cultured population, have minimum ratio oyster shell to be golden yellow, color is gorgeous, has higher commodity value.It is breeding goal that this method be take the golden yellow shell of oyster and full weight.
1st generation seed selection
(1) close shellfish is selected
More than in late August, 2010 selected for 2 ages from a large amount of cultured populations of Portuguese oyster, the individuality that shell is golden yellow, color is gorgeous, shell mould is regular.Measure all individual full weights of selecting, then intercept individual 150 the close shellfishes of conduct breeding of male and female of full weight front 10%.
(2) smart ovum obtains
Dissect close shellfish, distinguish male and female, the close shellfish that gonad development is good is washed respectively to ovum, washes essence, and with 300 mesh sieve thin,tough silk impurity screenings, ovum is collected in respectively the white bucket of 160L plastics of mark, seminal fluid is collected in respectively in the 500ml beaker of mark.
(3) artificial insemination and hatching
1. mass mating: get each 25 of male and female parent shellfishes, its ovum and sperm mixing mating;
2. stud mating: get male and female parent shellfish, carry out individual 1 pair of 1 mating of male and female, set up family;
The white bucket hatching of 160L plastics that each group fertilized egg is placed in respectively to mark, incubating oosperm density 40-50/ml, micro-inflation, hatching water temperature 28-30 ℃.
(4) larvae cultivation
Development of fertilized ova adopts during to D type larva siphon method respectively every group of larva to be collected in to three and in the white bucket of 160L plastics of mark, has cultivated (3 every group parallel group).About 10/ml of D type larvae cultivation density, along with larval growth reduces density gradually, is down to 1-2/ml to Creeping larva density.Change water every day 2 times, change water 30%-50% at every turn, after larva adheres to, increase to 60%-100%.D type larva starts the chrysophyceae of throwing something and feeding, and daily ration of feeding increases to 2-3 ten thousand cells/ml in mid-term gradually from the 1-2 ten thousand cells/ml at initial stage, later stage 3-4 ten thousand cells/ml, and larvae development is added flat algae to the shell top later stage, and daily ration of feeding is 1-2 ten thousand cells/ml.During larvae cultivation, can suitably throw something and feed Chaetoceros or chlorella.Water temperature 28-30 ℃ during larvae cultivation, salinity 27, pH value 8.2.From D type larvae cultivation to Creeping larva 17 days.
(5) collect seedling
When larval growth is to the long 320-330um of shell, when appearring in 70-80%, eyespot starts to throw in collector (adherance).The grey plastic sheet that collector adopts nonpoisonous polypropylene to make, plastic sheet specification is long 24cm, wide 2cm, thick 0.2cm.With 60-80 silk polyethylene rope by clean plastic sheet string together, 18 of every strings, pitch of fins 15cm.Be advisable for every plastic sheet spatfall 20-30.Under water temperature 28-30 ℃ condition, larva set was cultivated by 6 days, and oyster seedling grows to the long 1-2mm of shell, and each breeding line of mark also moves to sea area and carries out seed intermediate rearing.
In larvae cultivation process, keep respectively organizing breeding line larval density identical, daily ration, feeding quantity is consistent with rate of water exchange, and breeding condition is identical; Each container for plant growth, utensil of organizing breeding line uses separately respectively, avoids mixing.
(6) sea area oyster seed intermediate rearing
The collector of enclosing oyster seedling of mark is moved to Shenhu Bay of Fujian Province sea area to be cultivated.Under water temperature 13-26 ℃, the condition of salinity 26-30, through 115 days sea areas, to cultivate, oyster seedling can grow to the long 4-5cm of shell.
(7) the de-base of seedling and monomer cultivation in oyster
When oyster seedling grows to 4-5cm, crooked oyster adherance plastic sheet, oyster seedling just comes off smoothly, forms cultchless oyster seedling.The cultivation basket that the cultchless oyster seedling that each breeding line is peeled off packs mark into is hung on the cultivation of Shenhu Bay of Fujian Province sea area.Periodic cleaning aufwuch during cultivation, and measure growing state.
Through close shellfish selection, smart ovum acquisition, artificial insemination and hatching, larvae cultivation, collect seedling, the step such as the de-base of seedling and monomer cultivation in sea area oyster seed intermediate rearing, oyster, obtain the golden yellow fast lady's fingers tooth oyster breeding line of 1st generation shell.In late August, 2011,1st generation was developed to sexual maturity, carried out 2nd generation seed selection.
2nd generation seed selection
(1) close shellfish is selected
In late August, 2011, select to possess this proterties from the golden yellow fast lady's fingers tooth oyster breeding line of 1st generation shell of setting up for 2010 150 of the individualities of (individual large, shell is golden yellow, color is gorgeous) are as 2nd generation parent shellfish.
(2) smart ovum acquisition, artificial insemination and hatching, larvae cultivation, collect seedling, in sea area oyster seed intermediate rearing, oyster the step such as the de-base of seedling and monomer cultivation with 1st generation seed selection.
Within 2011, obtain the sexual maturity of 1st generation breeding line, by embodiment, obtain the sexual maturity of 2nd generation breeding line in August, 1,2012, to 2013, successfully select the stable golden yellow fast lady's fingers tooth oyster strain of shell of the 4th generation proterties.Compare with control group (not seed selection group), the long strain of golden yellow shell look speed has the advantages such as growth is fast, shell is golden yellow, color is gorgeous, and its growth rate improves more than 10% than control group.It has higher commodity value, and suitable as cultchless oyster cultivation and eat oyster raw and produce, this has important function for improving Portuguese oyster cultured output, commodity value and economic benefit.
The present invention adopts colony's seed selection and family selective breeding method, through the directive breeding in continuous 4 generations, cultivates the shell that proterties is stable and is golden yellow fast lady's fingers tooth oyster new lines, has set up the breeding method of the golden yellow fast lady's fingers tooth oyster new lines of shell.Above are only a specific embodiment of invention, but design concept of the present invention is not limited to this, allly utilizes this design to carry out the change of unsubstantiality to the present invention, all should belong to the behavior of invading protection domain of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a breeding method for the golden yellow fast lady's fingers tooth oyster new lines of shell, it comprises the steps:
1) close shellfish is selected: selected for 2 ages from a large amount of cultured populations of Portuguese oyster more than, and the individuality that shell is golden yellow, color is gorgeous, shell mould is regular; Measure all individual full weights of selecting, the male and female that then intercept full weight front 10% are individual as the close shellfish of breeding;
2) smart ovum obtains: dissect close shellfish, distinguish male and female, the close shellfish that gonad development is good is washed respectively to ovum, washes essence, and with 300 mesh sieve thin,tough silk impurity screenings, ovum is collected in respectively white barrel of the 160L plastics of mark, and seminal fluid is collected in respectively in the 500ml beaker of mark;
3) artificial insemination and hatching:
A. mass mating: get each 20-25 of male and female parent shellfish, its ovum and sperm mixing mating;
B. stud mating: get male and female parent shellfish, carry out individual 1 pair of 1 mating of male and female, set up family;
The white bucket hatching of 160L plastics that each group fertilized egg is placed in respectively to mark, seminal concentration is advisable with 3-4 sperm around each ovum, adopts the precipitation method to wash ovum 2-3 time during polyspermism; Triploidy rate 40-50/ml, micro-inflation, hatching water temperature 25-30 ℃;
4) larvae cultivation: development of fertilized ova adopts during to D type larva siphon method respectively every group of larva to be collected in to three and cultivated in the white bucket of 160L plastics of mark, 3 every group parallel group; D type larvae cultivation density is controlled at 8-12/ml, along with larval growth reduces density gradually, is down to 1-2/ml to Creeping larva density; Change water every day 2 times, change water 30%-50% at every turn, after larva adheres to, increase to 60%-100%; D type larva starts the chrysophyceae of throwing something and feeding, and daily ration of feeding increases to 2-3 ten thousand cells/ml in mid-term gradually from the 1-2 ten thousand cells/ml at initial stage, later stage 3-4 ten thousand cells/ml, and larvae development is added flat algae to the shell top later stage, and daily ration of feeding is 1-2 ten thousand cells/ml; During larvae cultivation, can suitably throw something and feed Chaetoceros or chlorella, water temperature 25-30 ℃ during larvae cultivation, salinity 23-28, pH value 8.0-8.5, approximately needs 14-20 days from D type larvae cultivation to Creeping larva;
5) collect seedling: when larval growth is to the long 320-330um of shell, when eyespot appears in 70-80%, start to throw in collector; The grey plastic sheet that collector adopts non-toxic material to make, plastic sheet specification is long 20-30cm, wide 1-3cm, thick 0.1-0.3cm; With 60-80 silk polyethylene rope by clean plastic sheet string together, tie up and on cross bar, hang on 60-80cm under the nursery pond water surface and collect seedling at place, every cubic metre of water body is thrown in plastic sheet 30-40 string; Every plastic sheet spatfall 20-30; Oyster seedling grows to the long 1-2mm of shell left and right, and each breeding line of mark also moves to sea area and carries out seed intermediate rearing;
In larvae cultivation process, keep respectively organizing breeding line larval density identical, daily ration, feeding quantity is consistent with rate of water exchange, and breeding condition is identical; Each container for plant growth, utensil of organizing breeding line uses separately respectively, avoids mixing;
6) sea area oyster seed intermediate rearing: the collector of enclosing oyster seedling of mark is moved to same a slice sea area and cultivate; If meet the natural waters Portuguese oyster larva setting stage, can first move to pond rearing, treat that the setting stage moves to sea area later again and cultivates; Under water temperature 13-26 ℃, the condition of salinity 26-30, through 90-120 days sea areas, to cultivate, oyster seedling can grow to the long 4-5cm of shell;
7) the de-base of seedling and monomer cultivation in oyster: when oyster seedling grows to 4-5cm, crooked oyster adherance plastic sheet, oyster seedling just comes off smoothly, forms cultchless oyster seedling; The cultivation basket that the cultchless oyster seedling that each breeding line is peeled off packs mark into is hung on the cultivation of same a slice sea area; Periodic cleaning aufwuch during cultivation, and measure growing state;
8) new lines purifying: select to possess the regular individuality of individual large, the golden yellow proterties of shell, shell mould as second generation parent from the golden yellow fast lady's fingers tooth oyster breeding line first generation of shell, each step of second generation seed selection is with first generation selection, until select the golden yellow fast lady's fingers tooth oyster strain of shell that proterties is stable.
2. the breeding method of the golden yellow fast lady's fingers tooth oyster new lines of a kind of shell as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: step 5) in, the every string of the plastic sheet of collecting seedling 16-20 sheet, pitch of fins 13-17cm.
3. the breeding method of the golden yellow fast lady's fingers tooth oyster new lines of a kind of shell as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: step 5) in, at water temperature 25-30 ℃, larva set was cultivated by 5-6 days, and oyster seedling can grow to the long 1-2mm of shell.
4. the breeding method of the golden yellow fast lady's fingers tooth oyster new lines of a kind of shell as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: step 6) in, under water temperature 13-26 ℃ condition, through 90-120 days sea areas, to cultivate, oyster seedling can grow to the long 4-5cm of shell.
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| CN105360022A (en) * | 2015-10-13 | 2016-03-02 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | Seed production method of double gold shell Crassostreasikameastrain |
| CN105360023A (en) * | 2015-10-13 | 2016-03-02 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | Seed production method of gold adductor muscle scar Kumamoto oyster line |
| CN105900874B (en) * | 2016-04-22 | 2018-08-31 | 广东海洋大学 | A kind of breeding method of the pteria martensii that carotenoid content is high cultivation new lines |
| CN105900874A (en) * | 2016-04-22 | 2016-08-31 | 广东海洋大学 | Cultivating method of new breeding strain of pinctada martensii with high carotenoid content |
| CN106069935A (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2016-11-09 | 苏州市相城区阳澄湖镇剑美水产生态养殖专业合作社 | The cultural method of Concha Ostreae |
| CN113331095A (en) * | 2021-06-07 | 2021-09-03 | 湛江华南贝类研究院 | Breeding method of crassostrea gigas capable of improving meat yield |
| CN113396846A (en) * | 2021-06-07 | 2021-09-17 | 湛江华南贝类研究院 | Mixed breeding method combining family breeding and group breeding |
| CN113331095B (en) * | 2021-06-07 | 2022-04-08 | 湛江华南贝类研究院 | Breeding method of crassostrea gigas capable of improving meat yield |
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