CN103975729B - A kind of frost resistance of taking shelter from rain cultivates the method for organic chrysanthemum - Google Patents
A kind of frost resistance of taking shelter from rain cultivates the method for organic chrysanthemum Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Frost resistance of taking shelter from rain cultivates a method for organic chrysanthemum, with Huizhou City rheum officinale chrysanthemum for seedling, builds the plastic tunnel of single arch type, frost resistance of taking shelter from rain, long 8 meters of single canopy, wide 4 meters, shoulder height 2 meters, rise 4.0 meters, external sunshade is high 4.5 meters, and cladding thickness is the plastic foil of 0.12mm; Complete in plastic tunnel from the transplanting of organic chrysanthemum seedling to the process receiving flower; Other cultivation are identical with outdoor cropping.The present invention cultivates the method for organic chrysanthemum, and avoid the risk that natural cause produces chrysanthemum plantation, organic chrysanthemum output is up to 959 pounds/acre, and output is high and stable, and chrysanthemum quality is good.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cultivation method of chrysanthemum, especially relate to a kind of method that frost resistance of taking shelter from rain cultivates organic chrysanthemum.
Background technology
Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum), perennial catananche.It originates in China, existing thousands of years domestication history, happiness temperature climate, and preference temperature is 20 ~ 25 DEG C, cold resistant, water funk flood, but can not lack of water at seedling stage and florescence, is short-day plant.Chrysanthemum is the traditional food of China, and it is one of chrysanthemum tea drink, conventional traditional Chinese medicine; At present, chrysanthemum has become the second largest conventional tea beverage being only second to tealeaves.
All there is plantation current domestic various places, and implantation methods is also comparatively ripe, and generally speaking, chrysanthemum is in the Frost's Descent to the Beginning of Winter (by the end of October to mid-November) timely collecting.Although chrysanthemum has certain resistivity to frost, if continue the Frost's Descent at the florescence, then still can cause certain threat to gathering of chrysanthemum.Secondly, if the florescence just in time meets the lasting rainy day, be also a fatal disaster to gathering of chrysanthemum.But; traditional open country planting patterns is very large to the dependence of weather, if meet rainy day or frosty weather on the occasion of picking time, so the output of chrysanthemum will be subject to serious threat; lasting rainy day or frost even may have no harvest, and this is huge loss to chrysanthemum large-scale planting.
CN102524013A discloses a kind of method of rain shelter cultivation of apples, with Fuji or Gold Delicious apple for material, the company's of building steel-framed plastic greenhouse, the long 50m of single canopy, the wide 6m of canopy, canopy height 3.8m, Fuji apple is cladding thickness 0.06 ~ 0.12mm plastic foil when bud is sprouted, Gold Delicious apple covers thick 0.06 ~ 0.12mm plastic foil after Flowers ending, and early October removes the plastic foil of covering; In whole Growing season, except pesticide application is different from outdoor cropping, shaping and trimming method is identical with outdoor cropping with the use of fertilizer.The method adopts the plastic tunnel of taking shelter from rain in the Apple Culture phase, decrease the use of agricultural chemicals and the generation of disease; But because apple differs comparatively large with the growing and cultivating condition of organic chrysanthemum, the method for this invention is not suitable for the cultivation of organic chrysanthemum.
CN102550359A discloses a kind of grape small arched shed rain shelter frame and cultivation method, this rain shelter frame comprises multiple semicircle umbrella stand, each semicircle umbrella stand comprises column, crossbeam, main bow top, main bow top is welded into semicircle with two of crossbeam, column is fixed by the semicircular center of circle and beam vertical, and the top of column is connected with main bow top; Asking and being connected to curb girder in umbrella stand both sides at every two adjacent semicircle umbrella stands, curb girder is vertical with the frame face of semicircle umbrella stand; Be provided with at least one bow top adjacent asking of two main bow tops, the two ends on secondary bow top are separately fixed on the curb girder of both sides, main bow top and time common frame face forming rain shelter frame, bow top.Cultivation method of the present invention, comprise the steps: a) first to build described grape small arched shed rain shelter frame, then column is utilized to build the two "T"-shaped hedge framves in road in the below of small arched shed rain shelter frame, the three "T"-shaped hedge framves in road are jointly formed with crossbeam, and draw an iron wire in the position of overhead lm along column, the altitude range of " T " shape hedge frame is at 1 ~ 1.9m, the centre of grape transplanting stock two root posts in a ridge, spacing in the rows of planting is 4m, line-spacing is 3.5m, cover film before grape rudiment in spring, namely grape grows under small arched shed rain shelter frame, b) when grape growth is to lm height, follow and cultivate two major branches to the left and right, young sprout interval 20 ~ 22cm that next year major branch is sprouted upwards lures the both sides of the "T"-shaped hedge frame in Yin tri-road, the sublateral shoot that young sprout is sprouted stays 2 leaf pinching, ventilation and penetrating light under maintenance canopy, during winter pruning, a bearing basal shoot is stayed along cross interval, major branch direction 35 ~ 40cm, bearing basal shoot stays 8 ~ 12 bud cutting backs, after pruning, bearing basal shoot is depressed on the major branch of colligation and the left and right sides, after germinateing the coming year, when young sprout is elongated to 30 ~ 40cm, to erase unnecessary young sprout, retain the young sprout with flower fringe, young sprout still lures according to method last year and draws.The method adopts the small arched shed rain shelter frame of particular design in the common cultivation phase, and the effectively low generation decreasing damage by disease and insect, makes grape star-spangled banner bloom more neat; But because the growing and cultivating condition of grape and organic chrysanthemum there are differences, the cultivation method of this invention is not suitable for the cultivation of organic chrysanthemum.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: provide a kind of organic chrysanthemum output high and stable, the measured frost resistance of taking shelter from rain of matter cultivates the method for organic chrysanthemum.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves the employing of its technical problem is: a kind of frost resistance of taking shelter from rain cultivates the method for organic chrysanthemum, with Huizhou City rheum officinale chrysanthemum for seedling, build the plastic tunnel of single arch type, frost resistance of taking shelter from rain, be formed by connecting by 4 ~ 6 monomer canopies, long 8 meters of monomer canopy, wide 4 meters, shoulder height 2 meters, rise 4.0 meters, external sunshade is high 4.5 meters, and cladding thickness is the plastic foil of 0.12mm; Complete in plastic tunnel from the transplanting of organic chrysanthemum seedling to the process of picking flowers; Other cultivation are identical with outdoor cropping.
Further, described cultivation comprises the following steps: 1) choose seeds; 2) wholely; 3) plant division; 4) nursery; 5) transplant; 6) water management; 7) preventing disease and pest; 8) control grass; 9) pick flowers.
Further, described monomer canopy is made up of bottom column, top column, span frame, arch bar, suspension rod, crossbeam, and described bottom column is fixed in ground, and its upper end is fixedly connected with crossbeam with top column; Described top column and span frame are fixed; Described arch bar is fixed on the top of crossbeam by suspension rod.
Further, in described plastic tunnel, a monomer canopy is provided with the door entered in plastic tunnel.
Further, described plastic tunnel selects galvanizing low-carbon (LC) steel.
Further, long-lived Anti-fogging Film selected by described plastic foil.
A kind of frost resistance of taking shelter from rain of the present invention cultivates the method for organic chrysanthemum, avoids the risk that natural cause produces chrysanthemum plantation; The flower of gathering is large, pattern cadmium yellow, petal are plump, and surface is without dew or rainwater, and oven dry cost is low; Organic chrysanthemum output is up to 959 pounds/acre, and output is high and stable.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the front view of the plastic tunnel that the present invention adopts;
Fig. 2 is the left view of the plastic tunnel that the present invention adopts;
Fig. 3 is the enlarged diagram of Fig. 1.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described.
With reference to Fig. 1: a kind of frost resistance of taking shelter from rain of the present embodiment cultivates the method for organic chrysanthemum, a kind of frost resistance of taking shelter from rain cultivates the method for organic chrysanthemum, with Huizhou City rheum officinale chrysanthemum for seedling, build the plastic tunnel of single arch type, frost resistance of taking shelter from rain, be formed by connecting by 6 monomer canopies, long 8 meters of monomer canopy, wide 4 meters, shoulder height 2 meters, rises 4.0 meters, external sunshade is high 4.5 meters, and cladding thickness is the plastic foil of 0.12mm; Complete in plastic tunnel from the transplanting of organic chrysanthemum seedling to the process of picking flowers; Other cultivation are identical with outdoor cropping.
Carry out compared with method that the organic chrysanthemum of outdoor cropping and frost resistance of taking shelter from rain cultivate organic chrysanthemum, concrete cultivation step is as follows simultaneously:
1) choose seeds: the present embodiment selects Dendranthema morifolium Varieties, originates in Huizhou City rheum officinale chrysanthemum of ancient Huizhou remote mountains area, belong to autumn chrysanthemum, the florescence is in lunar calendar October;
2) wholely: plough deeply soil before plantation, in conjunction with whole, every 667 ㎡ apply 2000 ㎏ fertilizers and plough under in soil and make base manure, and then open ridge, ridge is high is 30 ㎝, and wide is 150 ㎝, and surrounding holds drain ditch successfully;
3) plant division: the acrial part plant division that the florists chrysanthemum seedling stayed upper one year is corresponding with root system, can not hurt root system during transplanting;
4) nursery: in the mode of division propagation, cultivates in conjunction with cottage propagation and produces florists chrysanthemum seedling;
5) transplant: when seedling grows two panels young leaves, and when launching completely, from soil, be with soil to dig out chrysanthemum plant, be with soil amount be advisable to hold the main root system of chrysanthemum, mulch film digs with spud and cheats, plantation density be 60 ㎝ × 40 ㎝, axillary seedling is in 4 ~ May, and cuttage seeding is in 5 ~ July;
6) water management: plant into after drench into field planting water, especially cuttage seeding implant after to irrigate; Backsight weather condition and determine, accomplish timely and appropriate discovery, summer is the growth busy season of chrysanthemum, if run into continuous high temperature weather, need timely supply moisture, guarantee the moisture needs of plant, as the rainy day, need to check drainage situation in ditch in advance, guarantee that draining is smooth and easy, in case waterlogging causes butt rot.The plant of facility cultivation, waters when weather continues dry in time;
7) preventing disease and pest: disease is based on dead leaf disease, root rot, downy mildew, and insect pest is based on chrysanthemum aphid, cutworm, prodenia litura etc.On the one hand, utilize biological control, play the superiority of base ecotope, the insect such as natural enemy ladybug, Chrysopa of aphid in protection chrysanthemum ground.On the other hand, insect murdered by efficient, low toxicity, low-residual biogenic medicament such as use nimbin, matrine etc., is combined Yellow sticky trap simultaneously and makes sugar-vinegar liquid by oneself and lure and kill off the insect pests;
8) control grass: chrysanthemum organic farming pattern to use weed killer herbicide, therefore generally adopts artificial or mechanical means weeding, utilize black film mulching.In addition, we also use rice husk soverlay technique, and the sunlight that can cover weeds on the one hand suppresses the photosynthesis of weeds to reach the object of control grass, there is certain gap on the other hand, can improve the permeability of soil between rice husk particle; In ditch, weeds then adopt thermal-flame gunite to burn weeds and seed thereof to death;
9) pick flowers: by the end of October to mid-November, fine day is gathered, and scatters 2/3 for suitable picking time, need to carry out storage and processing, prevent chrysanthemum from rotting, variable color after gathering with fickle in love.
Wherein, frost resistance of taking shelter from rain is cultivated organic chrysanthemum and is transplanted to 9 in step 5)) process of picking flowers completes in plastic tunnel; And the whole process of organic chrysanthemum of outdoor cropping all completes on open country, do not adopt plastic tunnel.
With reference to Fig. 1 ~ 3, described plastic tunnel comprises 6 monomer canopies be made up of bottom column 1, top column 2, span frame 3, arch bar 4, suspension rod 5, crossbeam 6; Described bottom column 1 is fixed in ground, and its upper end is fixedly connected with crossbeam 6 with top column 2; Described top column 2 is fixed with span frame 3; Described arch bar 4 is fixed on the top of crossbeam 6 by suspension rod 5.
In described plastic tunnel, a monomer canopy is provided with the door 7 entered in plastic tunnel.
Described plastic tunnel selects galvanizing low-carbon (LC) steel.
The long-lived film of polyethylene selected by described plastic foil.
The present embodiment is included in equal area (30 mu) and carries out open country and frost resistance of taking shelter from rain cultivates organic chrysanthemum, the florescence of two kinds of planting types, starts by the end of October to pick flowers, continues to mid or late November always.Because the phase of picking flowers meets the lasting rainy day, the great majority flower of outdoor cropping is not plucked, and the chrysanthemum plucked is because water content increases the difficulty of oven dry too much, become a fine day after rain and welcome again the lasting Frost's Descent soon, terminate to the phase of picking flowers, the fresh flower gross weight of outdoor cropping is 1800 jin, and per mu yield is only 60 pounds/acre.The flower of gathering is large, but pattern even whitens because the bubble of rainwater sends out the micro-Huang of reason, even has petal to occur withering and falling or petal corruption.But, relative outdoor cropping, adopt organic chrysanthemum of frost resistance cultivation of taking shelter from rain, plastic tunnel due to frost resistance of taking shelter from rain can be taken shelter from rain frost resistance well, chrysanthemum is all gathered in time, the flower of gathering is large, pattern cadmium yellow, petal are plump, and surface is without dew or rainwater, dries cost and greatly reduces.At the end of the phase of picking flowers, the chrysanthemum gross weight adopting frost resistance cultivation of taking shelter from rain is 28770 jin, and per mu yield is 959 pounds/acre.
Contrast two kinds of chrysanthemum planting types, when running into the rainy day, continuing the weather such as Frost's Descent, the per mu yield that frost resistance of taking shelter from rain cultivates organic chrysanthemum is approximately 16 times of outdoor cropping, and fresh flower quality is better than outdoor cropping, embodies extremely significant advantage.Frost resistance of taking shelter from rain cultivation successfully avoid the risk that natural cause produces chrysanthemum plantation, ensure that chrysanthemum yield and quality, ensure that input and output is directly proportional.Therefore, carry out chrysanthemum industrialization growing and cultivation, can consider that conventional outdoor cropping and frost resistance of taking shelter from rain cultivate the mode combined, thus obtain the effect of seed output and quality doulbe-sides' victory.
The plastic tunnel that the present embodiment adopts can also be made up of 4 or 5 monomer canopies, the change of above technical characteristic, and those skilled in the art can understand according to text description and implement, therefore no longer accompanying drawing enumerate embodiment and be described further.
Claims (7)
1. a frost resistance of taking shelter from rain cultivates the method for organic chrysanthemum, it is characterized in that, with Huizhou City rheum officinale chrysanthemum for seedling, build the plastic tunnel of single arch type, frost resistance of taking shelter from rain, be formed by connecting by 4 ~ 6 monomer canopies, long 8 meters of monomer canopy, wide 4 meters, shoulder height 2 meters, rises 4.0 meters, external sunshade is high 4.5 meters, and cladding thickness is the plastic foil of 0.12mm; Cultivation comprises the following steps: 1) choose seeds; 2) wholely; 3) plant division; 4) nursery; 5) transplant; 6) water management; 7) preventing disease and pest; 8) control grass; 9) pick flowers; Complete in plastic tunnel from the transplanting of organic chrysanthemum seedling to the process of picking flowers; Other cultivation all complete at open country.
2. frost resistance of taking shelter from rain as claimed in claim 1 cultivates the method for organic chrysanthemum, it is characterized in that, described monomer canopy is made up of bottom column, top column, span frame, arch bar, suspension rod, crossbeam, and described bottom column is fixed in ground, and its upper end is fixedly connected with crossbeam with top column; Described top column and span frame are fixed; Described arch bar is fixed on the top of crossbeam by suspension rod.
3. frost resistance of taking shelter from rain as claimed in claim 1 or 2 cultivates the method for organic chrysanthemum, it is characterized in that, in described plastic tunnel, a monomer canopy is provided with the door entered in plastic tunnel.
4. frost resistance of taking shelter from rain as claimed in claim 1 cultivates the method for organic chrysanthemum, it is characterized in that, described plastic tunnel selects galvanizing low-carbon (LC) steel.
5. frost resistance of taking shelter from rain as claimed in claim 1 or 2 cultivates the method for organic chrysanthemum, and it is characterized in that, long-lived Anti-fogging Film selected by described plastic foil.
6. frost resistance of taking shelter from rain as claimed in claim 3 cultivates the method for organic chrysanthemum, and it is characterized in that, long-lived Anti-fogging Film selected by described plastic foil.
7. frost resistance of taking shelter from rain as claimed in claim 4 cultivates the method for organic chrysanthemum, and it is characterized in that, long-lived Anti-fogging Film selected by described plastic foil.
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Effective date of registration: 20171229 Address after: 336000 hot water town in Jiangxi province Yichun city Yuanzhou District village of port agency Patentee after: Jiangxi Longping Organic Agriculture Co. Ltd. Address before: Jinlong Village in Hunan province 410158 Changsha Changsha County City gold town Patentee before: Changsha Long Ping organic farming Co., Ltd |
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