CN103973624B - The receiving channel that a kind of star is modulated with Ka frequency ranges based on the π of pulse 0/ - Google Patents
The receiving channel that a kind of star is modulated with Ka frequency ranges based on the π of pulse 0/ Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The receiving channel that a kind of star is modulated with Ka frequency ranges based on the π of pulse 0/, including low-noise amplifier, wave filter, 0/ π modulators, combining harmonic mixer；With signal first after low-noise amplifier amplifies, out of band signal clutter recognition is realized by wave filter, into an input of combining harmonic mixer；Difference signal amplifies, after wave filter out of band signal clutter recognition through low-noise amplifier successively, after carrying out 0/ π phase-modulations by 0/ π modulators, into another input of combining harmonic mixer；Inside combining harmonic mixer signal is first carried out with signal with difference signal be added to be merged into all the way, then downconvert to intermediate frequency output, realize that single channel transmits.The present invention has low-noise factor and the suppression of high carrier wave, compact, reliability height, complex space environment adaptability feature, the long-time reliably working in satellite autotracking systems.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the receiving channel that a kind of star is modulated with Ka frequency ranges based on the π of pulse 0/, has low-noise factor, height
The features such as carrier wave suppression, compact, reliability height, complex space environment adaptability, it can be widely applied to satellite autotracking system
In system.
Background technology
Single channel monopulse modulation system has critical role in fields such as space telemetry remote control, target followings, and in satellite
Be widely applied in the reception systems such as remote sensing, meteorology, relay transmission, have save passage, equipment is simple, reliability is high,
The advantages that tracking accuracy is high.Deficiency existing for traditional binary channels system is to work as relative gain, the relative phase of two interchannels
When changing, receiver system is required for readjusting gain and phase, and maintenanceability is not strong, at the same also exist volume it is big,
The shortcomings of power consumption is big.Single channel in twin-channel system, further simplify system, the angular error signal that reception antenna transmits,
To difference signal modulate after with and signal merges, formed single channel and single pulse system, maintain single-pulse track real-time with soon
The advantages of speed, in the absence of the phase after merging with, poor passage and gain was inconsistent asks simultaneously as carried out passage merging
Topic, substantially increases the reliability, usability and maintainability of equipment, and effectively reduce cost.
When carrying out single channel conversion, can cause noise increase and signal it is weak, so as to cause demodulation error letter
Number signal to noise ratio can be deteriorated, and have an impact to a certain extent to tracking accuracy, therefore suppress special with low-noise factor and high carrier wave
Property is most important to single channel monopulse modulation system.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are：The present invention realizes that a kind of star Ka frequency ranges are modulated based on the π of pulse 0/
Receiving channel, be single channel system, there is low-noise factor and suppressions of high carrier wave, compact, reliability height, complex space
Environmental suitability feature, the long-time reliably working in satellite autotracking systems.
The technical scheme is that：The receiving channel that a kind of star is modulated with Ka frequency ranges based on the π of pulse 0/, is put by low noise
Big device (abbreviation LNA), waveguide filter, 0/ π modulators, combining harmonic mixer composition；With signal first through low noise amplification
After device amplification, out of band signal clutter recognition is realized by wave filter, into an input of combining harmonic mixer；Difference signal according to
It is secondary to amplify, after wave filter out of band signal clutter recognition through low-noise amplifier, after carrying out 0/ π phase-modulations by 0/ π modulators, enter
Enter another input of combining harmonic mixer；Signal is first carried out with signal inside combining harmonic mixer with difference signal to be added
It is merged into all the way, then downconverts to intermediate frequency output, realizes that single channel transmits；
0/ π modulators are made up of a pair of single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT)s, 0 state transmission line, π state transmission lines.Two transmission line electrical length
180 degree is differed, certain frequency (such as 4KHz) square-wave signal that dutycycle is 50% first is applied to a pair of single-pole double throws simultaneously and opened
Shut, between square-wave signal high period, difference signal first switches through first single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT), is switched to 0 state transmission line, through the
0 state phase signal is exported after two single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) switchings；Between square-wave signal low period, difference signal is through first list
Double-pole double throw switch switches, and is switched to π state transmission lines, and π state phase signals are exported after second single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) switches.0 state
With the switching of π states alternately, realize and difference signal is modulated to beacon frequency f0On ± 4KHz.
The switch chip in LNA chip, 0/ π modulators in low-noise amplifier (abbreviation LNA), combining harmonic wave
Mixer chip in frequency mixer, from the unwise sense chip (gallium arsenide chips) of irradiation, while low-noise amplifier, 0/ π are modulated
The case material of device and combining harmonic mixer is from pure Al materials and thickeies cover plate, and thickness is more than or equal to 2.5mm, can greatly promote
The Radiation hardness of product, requirement of the Flouride-resistani acid phesphatase accumulated dose far beyond 30K rad (Si).
Low-noise amplifier, 0/ π modulators, combining harmonic mixer is gas-tight design, inside filling N2, use is airtight
Waveguide-microbelt transformational structure and Laser seal welding technology, protect internal die circuitry, and in-orbit service life is more than 5 years.
Airtight Waveguide-microbelt transformational structure, using the micro-strip plane design method parallel with waveguide E face, micro-strip and waveguide E
Connected between face using coaxial probe, coaxial probe selects radio frequency glass insulator, insulator side insertion square wave guide cavity broadside
Center, realize that waveguide couples with probe, a width of 0.76mm of the opposite side wiring Ω microstrip lines of standard 50 are same through soldering
Axle probe outer conductor is realized with housing and fixed, and completes the switch transition of airtight waveguide-micro-strip.
The present invention principle be：Low-noise amplifier in channel design is receiving antenna wave guide network in front end
Send and difference signal, if frequency is 23GHz, directly carry out low noise amplification.After the cascade of multistage linear system, before system
Stage gain is larger, and the influence of the noise coefficient of rear class to overall noise factor can be ignored, Design Low Noise Amplifier gain
25dB, noise coefficient are only 2.4dB, can effectively reduce the noise coefficient of passage.
0/ π modulators in poor passage, the square-wave signal of certain frequency (such as 4KHz) is received, dutycycle 50%, can be achieved
Difference signal is modulated to beacon frequency f0On ± 4KHz.Because the difference signal after modulation is suppressed carrier, difference is split into
, can be with realizing that single channel transmission demodulates after synthesizing radiofrequency signal all the way with signal through combiner in frequency.Wherein, carrier wave suppresses to refer to
Mark differs that precision is closely related, and precision is higher with the modulation of 0/ π modulators, and carrier wave suppression is higher, using Exact Design microstrip line
Length, two-way can be achieved and differ precision within 2 °, the design principle of specific 0/ π modulators is as shown in Figure 3.
Afterbody is combining harmonic mixer in passage, using microstrip line form combiner and harmonic mixer chipset
Into design, down coversion is carried out by harmonic mixer after combining.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that：With low-noise factor, the suppression of high carrier wave, compact,
Reliability is high, complex space environment adaptability.
(1) low-noise factor is realized jointly in several ways in the present invention.First, low-noise amplifier is in channel design
Front end.It has high-gain, up to 25dB, and the signal received is directly carried out into low noise amplification, reduces rear class portion
Contribution proportion of the part to passage overall noise；Second, using the amplifier chip of ultra-low noise coefficient；3rd, design filter with low insertion loss
Airtight waveguide-microstrip transitions transition structure, the structural loss is small, only 0.4dB.Final single channel noise coefficient is only 2.4dB, can
Effectively reduce the overall noise factor of passage.
(2) present invention is that high carrier wave suppresses to realize by 0/ π modulators of high phase modulation precision.The phase modulation essence of 0/ π modulators
Degree is higher, and the carrier wave of passage suppresses higher.Up to 2 °, channel carrier suppresses to can reach 38dBc the phase modulation precision of 0/ π modulators.
(3) compact of the present invention, each part use the integrated design method of multi-chip, reduce volume and weight.
(4) reliability high pass two ways of the present invention is realized.First, using single channel transmission means.Channel design letter
Change, the problem of in the absence of amplitude-phase consistency；Second, rationally independently divide chamber to design, link gain in whole working frequency range can be made
It is stable, do not produce self-excitation, reliable operation.
(5) complex space environment adaptability of the present invention, realized by Flouride-resistani acid phesphatase design and gas-tight design.Single-particle is avoided to imitate
While should influenceing, increase the service life.
Brief description of the drawings
The receiving channel schematic diagram that the Ka frequency ranges of Fig. 1 present invention are modulated based on the π of pulse 0/；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the internal 0/ π modulators of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the internal airtight waveguide-microstrip transitions transition structure of the present invention.
Embodiment
Shown in Fig. 1, Ka frequency ranges of the present invention are filtered based on the receiving channel that the π of pulse 0/ is modulated by low-noise amplifier, waveguide
Ripple device, the π modulators of high phase modulation precision 0/, combining harmonic mixer composition, subtending port is BJ260 (WR34) waveguide mouth, with suitable
Answer Ka frequency range application requirements.
Signal is amplified using low-noise amplifier, is filtered using wave filter, low-frequency modulation signal is applied to
0/ π modulators carry out 0/ π modulation to difference signal, realize that difference signal frequency spectrum separates, finally carry out difference signal with and signal merge
Complete single channel transmission.
Two-stage low-noise amplifier and waveguide filter composition and passage, are carried out and the amplification of signal filters.Low noise is put
Big device, which uses, has high-gain low-noise figure amplifier chip and microstrip line Integrated design, and independently divides chamber to design, and link exists
Gain stabilization in whole working frequency range, does not produce self-excitation, while uses airtight Waveguide-microbelt of the radio frequency glass insulator for connection
Transition structure, loss are low.Airtight waveguide-the microstrip transitions of filter with low insertion loss, as shown in figure 3, parallel with waveguide E face using micro-strip plane
Method is realized, is connected between micro-strip and waveguide E face using coaxial probe, for applying frequency 23GHz, coaxial probe selects radio frequency glass
Glass insulator, insulator side insertion square wave guide cavity broadside center, realizes that waveguide couples with probe, opposite side wiring is wide
For the 0.76mm Ω microstrip lines of standard 50, welding coaxial probe outer conductor is realized with housing and fixed, and completes airtight waveguide-micro-strip
Switch transition.After tested, reduced and poor passage up to 2.4dB using the low-noise amplifier noise coefficient of the transition structure
Noise is superimposed the influence to system after merging, optimizes system noise characteristic significantly.
With paths on the basis of, 0/ π modulators of increase form poor passage, carry out the amplification filtering of difference signal and adjust
System.0/ π modulators open up mend it is simple and reliable, as shown in Fig. 2 by a pair of single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) chip portfolios, benchmark state (0 state) micro-strip
Transmission line, phase shift state (π states) transmission line composition.A pair of filter with low insertion loss high isolation switch chips integrate with microstrip line, according to work
Frequency (such as 23GHz), accurate calculating benchmark state (0 state) and phase shift state (π states) microstrip transmission line length, differ its electrical length
180 °, and certain frequency (such as 4KHz) and dutycycle are applied to the switching control of switch simultaneously for 50% modulating reference signal
End processed, switch Insertion Loss is small, and the response time is short, can respond rapidly to control end signal, and switching frequency is by modulating reference signal frequency
Rate determines.Between modulating reference signal high period, difference signal first switches through first single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT), is switched to the transmission of 0 state
Line, 0 state phase signal is exported after second single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) switches；Between modulating reference signal low period, difference letter
Number switch through first single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT), be switched to π state transmission lines, π state phases are exported after second single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) switches
Potentiometer signal.Difference signal is modulated to beacon frequency f by the alternately realization of 0 state and the switching of π states0On ± 4KHz, and then realize
0/ π is modulated.
0/ π modulators of such a switch microstrip line combining form, Insertion Loss is low, and modulation difference precision is high.
The π modulators of actual test 0/ difference precision is less than 2 °, and specific test data is as follows：
When testing 0/ π 0 states of modulator, phase Ф 1 is -67.376 °.
When testing 0/ π modulator π states, phase Ф 2 is 111.27 °.
0/ π modulator phase differences precision is 180 °-(Ф 2- Ф 1)=180 ° -178.646 °=1.354 °.
Index is suppressed using the carrier wave of such a 0/ π modulator TCH test channels and is more than 38dBc.
Combining harmonic mixer forms combining frequency conversion channel, receives from the two paths of signals with passage, poor passage.Using prestige
Er Jinsen combiners are combined, and it is microstrip line form, and it is 90 ° to design electrical length according to working frequency (such as 23GHz), two-way
Centre applies 100 Ω isolation resistances, improves the isolation of combiner.Micro-strip combiner and harmonic mixer integrated chip one,
One-channel signal is converted into after combiner and realizes that down coversion exports through harmonic mixer.
In implementation process, all from unwise sense chip (gallium arsenide chips) is irradiated, case material selects pure Al materials, cover plate
Thickness is more than or equal to 2.5mm, avoids single particle effect from influenceing, and greatly promotes the Radiation hardness of product, and empirical tests Flouride-resistani acid phesphatase is total
Requirement of the dosage far beyond 30Krad (Si).Gas-tight design is used simultaneously, N is filled in inside2, with reference to airtight Waveguide-microbelt Change-over knot
Structure and Laser seal welding technology, internal die circuitry is effectively protected, service life length, reliability is high, can be under complex space environment
Long-time stable works.Space environment residing for star product is complicated, has as high irradiation, microgravity, nearly vacuum, temperature change are acute
The features such as strong.By low-noise amplifier, waveguide filter, 0/ π modulators, the cascade of combining harmonic mixer, Ka frequency range bases are formed
In the receiving channel of the π of pulse 0/ modulation, the low noise amplification filtering, the π of pulse 0/ modulation, single-pass of Ka frequency band signals are realized
Road frequency down-conversion function, the problem of in the absence of amplitude-phase consistency.Corresponding K a frequency range such as 23GHz, single channel noise coefficient 2.4dB, carry
Ripple suppresses to be more than 38dBc, has the characteristics that low-noise factor, the suppression of high carrier wave, compact, reliability are high.
In a word, the present invention is versatile, service life length, compact-sized, adapts to the space environment of complexity, meets most
The in-orbit environment requirement of autotracking systems, as common apparatus, can be widely used in satellite autotracking systems.
Claims (1)
1. the reception device that a kind of star is modulated with Ka frequency ranges based on the π of pulse 0/, it is characterised in that including low-noise amplifier, filter
Ripple device, 0/ π modulators and combining harmonic mixer；With signal first after low-noise amplifier amplifies, realize that band is outer by wave filter
Signal noise suppresses, into an input of combining harmonic mixer；Difference signal amplifies through low-noise amplifier, filtered successively
After device out of band signal clutter recognition, after carrying out 0/ π phase-modulations by 0/ π modulators, into the another defeated of combining harmonic mixer
Enter end；Inside combining harmonic mixer signal is first carried out with signal with difference signal be added being merged into all the way, then downconvert to
Frequency exports, and realizes that single channel transmits；
The 0/ π modulators are made up of a pair of single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT)s, 0 state transmission line and π state transmission lines；Two transmission line electrical length
Differ 180 degree, square-wave signal that the frequency that dutycycle is 50% is 4KHz while be applied on the pair of single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT),
Between square-wave signal high period, difference signal first switches through first single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT), 0 state transmission line is switched to, through second
0 state phase signal is exported after single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) switching；Between square-wave signal low period, difference signal is double through first hilted broadsword
Throw switch switches, and is switched to π state transmission lines, and π state phase signals are exported after second single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) switches；0 state and π states
Switching alternately, is realized difference signal being modulated to beacon frequency f0On ± 4KHz；
In the switch chip and combining harmonic mixer in LNA chip, 0/ π modulators in the low-noise amplifier
Mixer chip, from irradiating unwise sense chip, while low-noise amplifier, 0/ π modulators and combining harmonic mixer
Case material is from pure Al materials and thickeies cover plate, thickeies cover sheet thickness and is more than or equal to 2.5mm；
The low-noise amplifier, 0/ π modulators and combining harmonic mixer are gas-tight design, inside filling N2, use is airtight
Waveguide-microbelt transformational structure and Laser seal welding technology, protect internal die circuitry；
The airtight Waveguide-microbelt transformational structure, using the micro-strip plane design method parallel with waveguide E face, micro-strip plane and ripple
Lead and connected using coaxial probe between E faces, coaxial probe select radio frequency glass insulator, and it is wide that square wave guide cavity is inserted in insulator side
Side center, realize that waveguide couples with coaxial probe, a width of 0.76mm of the opposite side wiring Ω microstrip lines of standard 50, through tin material
Weld coaxial probe outer conductor and realize fixation with housing, complete the switch transition of airtight waveguide-micro-strip；
The combining harmonic mixer is combined using Wilkinson combiner, and combining harmonic mixer is microstrip line form,
It is 90 ° to design electrical length according to working frequency, applies 100 Ω isolation resistances among two-way, improves the isolation of combiner.
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| CN104243066B (en) * | 2014-09-05 | 2016-06-01 | 航天东方红卫星有限公司 | A kind of follow the tracks of the program control of relay satellite and autotracking united mode test macro and method |
| CN106788669A (en) * | 2016-11-14 | 2017-05-31 | 北京遥测技术研究所 | One kind miniaturization Ka frequency range Single channel modulators |
| CN106789796B (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2019-10-22 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十研究所 | A kind of 0/ π modulation angle-measuring method based on orthogonal digital envelope detection |
| CN109115718B (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2020-10-13 | 首都师范大学 | Method and device for filtering coherent noise of terahertz asynchronous scanning system |
| CN109257020A (en) * | 2018-08-14 | 2019-01-22 | 华东师范大学 | A kind of experimental circuit can be realized faint amplitude-modulated signal demodulation |
| CN109444571B (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2021-02-05 | 北京遥测技术研究所 | Moonlet communication load electromagnetic compatibility prediction method |
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| CN201839277U (en) * | 2010-11-15 | 2011-05-18 | 成都九洲迪飞科技有限责任公司 | Single-channel receiver of ground station |
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| US5014064A (en) * | 1989-07-10 | 1991-05-07 | Raytheon Company | Monopulse tracking apparatus and method of operating same |
| CN101202369B (en) * | 2007-12-11 | 2011-12-07 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十五研究所 | Miniature MEMS switching line phase shifter |
| CN103595459B (en) * | 2013-10-16 | 2017-01-04 | 西安空间无线电技术研究所 | A kind of acquisition and tracking system based on link terminal and Automatic Target Tracking method |
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| CN201839277U (en) * | 2010-11-15 | 2011-05-18 | 成都九洲迪飞科技有限责任公司 | Single-channel receiver of ground station |
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