CN103971652B - Image treatment method and image processor - Google Patents

Image treatment method and image processor Download PDF

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CN103971652B
CN103971652B CN201310027585.1A CN201310027585A CN103971652B CN 103971652 B CN103971652 B CN 103971652B CN 201310027585 A CN201310027585 A CN 201310027585A CN 103971652 B CN103971652 B CN 103971652B
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pixel
time interval
image
clock signal
value
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CN103971652A (en
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洪国祥
邱培鸿
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MediaTek Inc
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MStar Semiconductor Inc Taiwan
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of image treatment method and image processor.This image treatment method comprises: receive an image with the first clock signal, and it is interval that this first clock signal has at least one first valid pixel time interval, at least one first horizontal blank time interval and the first vertical blanking time;And exporting this image with the second clock signal, it is interval that this second clock signal has at least one second valid pixel time interval, at least one second horizontal blank time interval and the second vertical blanking time;Wherein this first valid pixel time interval and pixel count corresponding to this second valid pixel time interval are identical, the pixel count that pixel count corresponding to this second horizontal blank time interval is corresponding less than this first horizontal blank time interval, and the pixel count that pixel count corresponding to this second vertical blanking time interval is corresponding more than this first vertical blanking time interval.

Description

Image treatment method and image processor
Technical field
The present invention is related to image treatment method and image processor, particularly with regard to the shadow that can reduce image crosstalk As processing method and image processor.
Background technology
Fig. 1 depicts in known technology, effective pixel region (i.e. image pixel district), horizontal blank white area and vertical blank white area Relation schematic diagram.Fig. 2 depicts the time diagram transmitting image in known technology.
Referring to Fig. 1, an image Fr would generally have one first effective pixel region AP1, the first effective pixel region AP1Can have There is a plurality of valid pixel row AP11、AP12(only illustrating two of which).Additionally, in order to transmit image smoothly, the first water can be set White area HB out of the void1And the first vertical blank white area VB1The time transmitting data for switching is stopped as image when to transmit.The One horizontal blank white area HB1Corresponding most horizontal blank pixel column HB11、HB12(only illustrating two of which), as transmitting valid pixel The switching of row is used.First vertical blank white area VB1Corresponding most vertical blank pixel column VB11、VB12(only illustrating two of which), Switching as different images is used.
Refer to Fig. 2, it is known that can be with one first clock signal PCLK in technology1Transmit image Fr, the first clock signal PCLK1Comprise at least one first valid pixel time interval A1, at least one first horizontal blank time interval H1And one first hang down Straight blank time interval V1.In the first valid pixel time interval A1The data of valid pixel row can be transmitted, and transmitting one After valid pixel row, in the first horizontal blank time interval H1Do not transmit data, transmit next valid pixel row the most again Data.As a example by Fig. 2, can be first at the first valid pixel time interval A1Transmit valid pixel row A11Data, then first Horizontal blank time interval H1Do not transmit data, then then at the first valid pixel time interval A1Transmit next valid pixel Row A12Data, other valid pixels row also can transmit in the same way.And after all valid pixels row have all transmitted, meeting Pause the first vertical blanking time interval V1Do not transmit data, be then switched to next image.Therefore, each first valid pixel Time interval A1Corresponding amount of pixels is each first valid pixel row (AP11、AP12...) amount of pixels, each first horizontal blank White time interval H1Corresponding amount of pixels is each first horizontal blank pixel column (HB11、HB12...) amount of pixels, and first hang down Straight blank time interval V1Corresponding amount of pixels is whole vertical blank pixel column (VB11、VB12...) amount of pixels summation.
In detail speech, in some applications (such as liquid crystal analog pulse formula shows or 3D applies), backlight module be Vertical blank interval is just opened.It is to say, should be that picture first shows that first image data is (the most aforesaid effectively in sequential Pixel range), certain time point in first vertical blank interval opens backlight afterwards, ties in first vertical blank interval The time point of bundle turns off backlight, then second image of display.Certain time point in second vertical blank interval is beaten afterwards Opening backlight, the time point terminated in second vertical blank interval turns off backlight, and the rest may be inferred;So when backlight is opened Wait, it is simply that the when that human eye experiencing image.Because the characteristic of liquid crystal itself, transfer between different pieces of information (such as from A data to B data), the current potential of signal needs one section and climbs or complete fall time, so the image that human eye is experienced is A number in fact According to the result mixing out with certain ratio of B data, optimal ratio is A=0%, B=100%, i.e. human eye will not be experienced The image of front data.But because the relation of liquid crystal characteristic, it is impossible to so, this proportionate relationship is exactly so-called crosstalk (cross-talk), therefore, if transmitting summation time (the aforementioned first clock signal PCLK of valid pixel1In all first have Effect picture point time interval A1 and all first horizontal blank time interval H1Temporal summation) oversize, just may produce image Crosstalk.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, a purpose of the present invention is for providing the image processing side of a kind of delivery time reducing effective pixel region Method.
Another object of the present invention is for providing the image processor of a kind of delivery time reducing effective pixel region.
One embodiment of the invention discloses a kind of image treatment method, comprises and receives an image with one first clock signal, This first clock signal has at least one first valid pixel time interval, at least one first horizontal blank time interval and First vertical blanking time is interval;And exporting this image with one second clock signal, this second clock signal has at least one Second valid pixel time interval, at least one second horizontal blank time interval and one second vertical blanking time are interval;Its In this first valid pixel time interval and pixel count corresponding to this second valid pixel time interval identical, this second level The pixel count that pixel count corresponding to blank time interval is corresponding less than this first horizontal blank time interval, and this second vertical blank The pixel count that white time interval is corresponding is more than the pixel count that this first vertical blanking time interval is corresponding.
Another embodiment of the present invention discloses a kind of image processor, comprises: a controller;And a storage device; This controller makes this storage device receive an image with one first clock signal, and this first clock signal has at least one first and has Effect picture point time interval, at least one first horizontal blank time interval and one first vertical blanking time are interval;This controller This storage device is made to export this image with one second clock signal, when this second clock signal has at least one second valid pixel Between interval, at least one second horizontal blank time interval and one second vertical blanking time interval;Wherein this first effective picture Element time interval and pixel count corresponding to this second valid pixel time interval are identical, this second horizontal blank time interval pair The pixel count that the pixel count answered is corresponding less than this first horizontal blank time interval, and this second vertical blanking time interval is corresponding Pixel count more than pixel count corresponding to this first vertical blanking time interval.
By shortening horizontal blank time interval, so that the climbing or decline and carry of signal potential between aforementioned different pieces of information Early occur, so when backlight is opened once again when, the meeting that human eye is experienced is rear data (the most aforesaid B number that comparison is many According to) and fewer front data (the most aforesaid A data), namely reduce crosstalk.Therefore, permissible by such mode The problem improving crosstalk.And, the invention allows for determining according to residual pixel the step of vertical blank white area pixel column, make this Invent and can have bigger elasticity in design.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 depicts in known technology, the relation schematic diagram in effective pixel region, horizontal blank white area and vertical blank white area.
Fig. 2 depicts the time diagram transmitting image in known technology.
Fig. 3 depicts image processor according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 depicts the horizontal blank white area corresponding to image treatment method according to embodiments of the present invention and vertical blank The relation schematic diagram in district.
Fig. 5 depicts image treatment method according to embodiments of the present invention and transmits the schematic diagram of image.
Fig. 6 depict through the horizontal blank white area corresponding to image treatment method according to another embodiment of the present invention and The relation schematic diagram in vertical blank white area.
Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 depicts and how to adjust the exemplary of columns of vertical blank pixel column according to residual pixel number and show It is intended to.
Fig. 9 depicts the flow chart of image treatment method according to embodiments of the present invention.
Symbol description
300 image processors
301 controllers
303 buffers
305 buffers
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 3 depicts image processor 300 according to an embodiment of the invention.Please note that the device shown in Fig. 3 is only used With citing, it is not limited to the present invention.And, the following example is believed with the image Fr shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 and the first seasonal pulse Number PCLK1As adjust before transfer operation explain, but and the non-limiting present invention can only be in order to adjust shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 Transfer step.
As it is shown on figure 3, image processor 300 contains a controller 301 and a buffer 303 (is a storage Device).Controller 301 is in order to according to the first clock signal PCLK1Buffer 303 is made to receive image Fr and according to the second seasonal pulse letter Number PCLK2Make buffer 303 image output Fr.Because the second clock signal PCLK2The the second horizontal blank time interval comprised And second vertical blanking time interval with the first clock signal PCLK1The the first horizontal blank time interval comprised and One vertical blanking time interval is different, and therefore image Fr can be according to the first horizontal blank white area and the first vertical blank white area (such as Fig. 1 HB1And VB1) received, and according to the second horizontal blank white area and the second vertical blank white area (HB such as Fig. 12And VB2) be output.
Fig. 4 depicts the horizontal blank white area corresponding to image treatment method according to embodiments of the present invention and vertical blank The relation schematic diagram in district.Fig. 5 depicts image treatment method according to embodiments of the present invention and transmits the schematic diagram of image.Please note that Fig. 4 is for only for ease of the image output action explained in Fig. 5, and non-limiting must there is such image data form It it is just the scope of the present invention.Join Fig. 4 Yu Fig. 5 the most alternately more to understand present disclosure.
As it is shown in figure 5, the second clock signal PCLK2Comprise at least one second valid pixel time interval A2, at least one second Horizontal blank time interval H2And one second vertical blanking time interval V2.Second valid pixel time interval A2, the second level Blank time interval H2And the second vertical blanking time interval V2Effect and the first valid pixel time interval shown in Fig. 2 A1, the first horizontal blank time interval H1And the first vertical blanking time interval V1Effect identical.Each second valid pixel Time interval A2Corresponding amount of pixels is each second valid pixel row (AP21、AP22...) amount of pixels, each second horizontal blank White time interval H2Corresponding amount of pixels is each second horizontal blank pixel column (HB21、HB22...) amount of pixels, and second hang down Straight blank time interval V2Corresponding amount of pixels is whole second vertical blank pixel column (VB21、VB22...) amount of pixels total With.
Second clock signal PCLK2The second valid pixel time interval A2With the first clock signal PCLK1First effective Picture point time interval A1Identical.But, the second clock signal PCLK2The second horizontal blank time interval H2Less than the first seasonal pulse Signal PCLK1The first horizontal blank time interval H1.The most therefore, the second horizontal blank white area HB in Fig. 42In each second Horizontal blank pixel column HB21、HB22Pixel count can be less than the first horizontal blank white area HB in Fig. 11In each first horizontal blank White pixel row HB11、HB12Pixel count.
In one embodiment, the first effective pixel region AP1Pixel count, the first horizontal blank white area HB1Pixel count and One vertical blank white area VB1The summation (the referred to as first pixel summation) of pixel count, with the second effective pixel region AP2Pixel count, Two horizontal blank white area HB2Pixel count and the second vertical blank white area VB2The summation (the second pixel summation) of pixel count identical. Therefore, the second horizontal blank white area HB2Compared to the first horizontal blank white area HB1Pixel count (the horizontal blank picture referred to as reduced reduced Element) the second vertical blank white area VB can be moved2Compensate.To have embodiment describes how to determine the second vertical blank white area in detail below The columns of the second vertical blank row.
By the way of Fig. 4 Fig. 5, due to the second valid pixel time interval A2With the first clock signal PCLK1First have Effect picture point time interval A1Identical, but the second horizontal blank time interval H2Less than the first horizontal blank time interval H1, therefore make With the second clock signal PCLK2Transmit temporal summation (all A of valid pixel2Add H2) the first clock signal PCLK can be used by ratio1 Transmit temporal summation (all A of valid pixel1Add H1) come few, therefore can improve the problem in known technology.
In some embodiments, it may be possible to have the horizontal blank pixel that minimizing cannot be fully allocated to the second vertical blank picture The situation of element row.For example, if there being 1000 pixels to be intended to be assigned to the second vertical blank white area and each second vertical blank picture The pixel count of element row is 100, then can increase by 10 row the second vertical blank pixel columns to compensate the horizontal blank pixel of minimizing is 1000.But, if there being 1020 pixels to be intended to be assigned to the second vertical blank white area and the pixel of each second vertical blank pixel column Number is 100, then cannot distribute to the second vertical blank pixel column by complete for the horizontal blank pixel of minimizing and have remainder 20 Exist.Therefore the present invention more provides following content for such situation and processes.
Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 depicts and how to adjust the exemplary of columns of vertical blank pixel column according to residual pixel number and show It is intended to.As it is shown in fig. 7, the pixel count that pixel count is the 1920, first horizontal blank white area pixel column of the first valid pixel row is 280, the pixel columns of the first valid pixel row is 1080, and the pixel columns of the first vertical blank white area pixel column is 45, therefore the One pixel summation is (1920+280) x (1080+45)=2200x1125=2475000.If the pixel count of the second valid pixel row is still Be 1920 and its pixel columns is still 1080, and the pixel count of the second horizontal blank white area pixel column is assumed to be 50, then second is effective Pixel region AP2Pixel count and the second horizontal blank white area HB2The summation of pixel count be (1920+50) x1080=2127600.Cause This pixel count having 247500-2127600=347400 is to be allocated to the second vertical blank white area VB2.In this example, second hangs down The pixel count of straight clear area pixel column is the pixel count pixel plus the second horizontal blank white area pixel column of the second valid pixel row Number, is therefore 1970.Therefore, if by the horizontal blank white area pixel that reduces divided by the pixel count of the second vertical blank white area pixel column: 347400/1970, then can obtain integer 176 and remainder 680.This integer 176 is the pixel of the second vertical blank white area pixel column Number, remainder 680 is residual pixel number H_Red.
Fig. 8 depicts according to the schematic diagram processing image with the image treatment method of the present invention, and each parameter of its image is such as Data shown in Fig. 7.According to the description of Fig. 7, when processing image 1, the pixel columns of the second vertical blank white area pixel column is 176 And remainder 680, the buffer 305 that this numerical value 680 can be kept in Fig. 3 is as residual pixel number H_Red, but 680 less than the The pixel count 1970 of two vertical blank white area pixel columns, does not the most increase the columns of the second vertical blank white area pixel column.And processing During image 2, still can obtain 176 the second vertical blank white area pixel columns and the remainder of 680, now residual pixel number H_Red meeting Being added to buffer 305, therefore residual pixel number H_Red is 1360, but 1360 still less than the second vertical blank white area pixel column Pixel count 1970, the most do not increase the columns of the second vertical blank white area pixel column.But when processing image 3,176 still can be obtained Bar the second vertical blank white area pixel column and the remainder of 680, now residual pixel number H_Red can be added to 2040, exceedes The pixel count 1970 of the second vertical blank white area pixel column, therefore the second vertical blank white area pixel column number of image 3 can be set Become 176+1, and the pixel count 1970 that residual pixel number H_Red can deduct the second vertical blank white area pixel column becomes 70.Class according to this Heap, the second vertical blank white area pixel column columns of image 4 is 176 and residual pixel number H_Red is 750, and the second of image 5 is vertical Clear area pixel column columns is 176 and residual pixel number H_Red is 1430, but during to image 6, residual pixel number H_Red is 1430+680, more than the pixel count 1970 of the second vertical blank white area pixel column, therefore the second vertical blank white area pixel column of image 6 Number is configured to 176+1 once again, and residual pixel number H_Red can deduct the pixel count 1970 of the second vertical blank white area pixel column Become 140.But after residual pixel number also can be allowed to be accumulate to the number more than X bar the second vertical blank pixel column, (X is more than 1 Positive integer), once increase X bar the second vertical blank pixel column.Also please noting that, the buffer of Fig. 3 can be located at any position, also may be used It is integrated into controller 301 or buffer 303.
Therefore, the embodiment of Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 can be considered the row determining the second vertical blank white area pixel column according to following equation Number:
Hd/Vt=M+Q
Wherein HdThe first clock signal PCLK for single cycle2Pixels corresponding to all first valid pixels row Amount (the i.e. first effective pixel region AP1Amount of pixels), amount of pixels (the i.e. first water that all first horizontal blank time intervals are corresponding White area HB out of the void1Amount of pixels) and amount of pixels (the i.e. first vertical blank white area HB corresponding to the first vertical blanking time interval1's Amount of pixels) deduct the second clock signal PCLK of single cycle2Amount of pixels corresponding to all second valid pixels row (i.e. Second effective pixel region AP2Amount of pixels) and all second horizontal blank time intervals (the i.e. second horizontal blank white area HB2Picture Element amount) corresponding amount of pixels.VtFor this second vertical blank pixel column bag each that this second vertical blanking time interval is corresponding The pixel count (being such as 1970 in Fig. 7 embodiment) contained, M is Hd/VtInteger, and Q is Hd/VtRemainder.If M more than or During equal to 1, then this M arranging the number as this second vertical blank pixel column, if Q is not zero, then the value adding up this Q produces One residual pixel value also stores this residual pixel value.
And, in time receiving this image with this first seasonal pulse and export this image with this second clock signal every time, will be every The value of this Q once is added to this residual pixel value.If this residual pixel value is less than this VtValue then this M is arranged as this The number (image 1,2,4,5 in such as Fig. 8) of two vertical blank pixel columns.If this residual pixel value exceedes this VtValue, then The number of this second vertical blank pixel column is increased N row, and deducts this V from this residual pixel valuetIt is multiplied by the value of this N, wherein N For the positive integer (image 3,6 in such as Fig. 8) more than or equal to 1.The first pixel summation in this type of embodiment, before adjustment Will not be identical with the first pixel summation after adjusting, but its difference is smaller than a predetermined value.Therefore the sequential transmitted image is not Too much influence can be caused.
According to aforesaid embodiment, flow chart as shown in Figure 9 can be obtained, it comprises the following step:
Step 901
With one first clock signal PCLK1Receive an image, this first clock signal PCLK1Tool at least one first effective picture Element time interval A1, at least one first horizontal blank time interval H1And one first vertical blanking time interval V1
Step 903
With one second clock signal PCLK2Export this image, this second clock signal PCLK2Tool at least one second effective picture Element time interval A2, at least one second horizontal blank time interval H2And one second vertical blanking time interval V2
Wherein the first valid pixel time interval A1And the second valid pixel time interval A2Corresponding pixel count is identical. Second horizontal blank time interval H2Corresponding pixel count is less than the first horizontal blank time zone H1Between corresponding pixel count, and the Two vertical blanking time district H2Between corresponding pixel count more than this first vertical blanking time interval H1Corresponding pixel count.
Other detailed technical characteristics have been described in previous embodiment, therefore repeat no more in this.
By shortening horizontal blank time interval, so that the climbing or decline and carry of signal potential between aforementioned different pieces of information Early occur, so when backlight is opened once again when, the meeting that human eye is experienced is rear data (the most aforesaid B number that comparison is many According to) and fewer front data (the most aforesaid A data), namely reduce crosstalk.Therefore, permissible by such mode The problem improving crosstalk.And, the present invention more proposes the step determining vertical blank white area pixel column according to residual pixel, makes this Invent and can have bigger elasticity in design.
The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, all impartial changes done according to scope of the present invention patent with Modify, all should belong to the covering scope of the present invention.

Claims (12)

1. an image treatment method, comprises:
Receive an image with one first clock signal, this first clock signal have at least one first valid pixel time interval, At least one first horizontal blank time interval and one first vertical blanking time are interval;And
Export this image with one second clock signal, this second clock signal have at least one second valid pixel time interval, At least one second horizontal blank time interval and one second vertical blanking time are interval;
Wherein this first valid pixel time interval and pixel count corresponding to this second valid pixel time interval are identical, and this is years old The pixel count that two horizontal blank time intervals are corresponding is respectively less than the pixel count that this first horizontal blank time interval is corresponding, and this The pixel count that pixel count corresponding to two vertical blanking time intervals is corresponding more than this first vertical blanking time interval.
2. image treatment method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that corresponding to this first clock signal of single cycle The difference of this second pixel count summation corresponding to the second clock signal of the first pixel count summation and single cycle less than one Predetermined value.
3. image treatment method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that this first pixel count summation and this second pixel count Summation is equal.
4. image treatment method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that also comprise with following equation to determine that this second hangs down The number of straight the second vertical blank pixel column corresponding to blank time interval:
Hd/Vt=M+Q
Wherein HdThese first valid pixels all for the first clock signal of single cycle arrange interval corresponding amount of pixels, own Amount of pixels corresponding to amount of pixels that this first horizontal blank time interval is corresponding and this first vertical blanking time interval deducts The all second valid pixel interval corresponding amount of pixels of row and all second horizontal blank of the second clock signal of single cycle The amount of pixels that white time interval is corresponding, this VtFor this second vertical blank picture each that this second vertical blanking time interval is corresponding The pixel count that element row comprise, M is Hd/VtInteger, and Q is Hd/VtRemainder;
If this M is more than or equal to 1, then this M is arranged the number as this second vertical blank pixel column, if Q is not zero, then tires out The value counting this Q produces a residual pixel value and stores this residual pixel value.
5. image treatment method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that also comprise:
In time receiving this image with this first seasonal pulse and export this image with this second clock signal, by this Q each time every time Value be added to this residual pixel value;And
If this residual pixel value is less than this VtValue then this M is arranged the number as this second vertical blank pixel column, if this remain Remaining pixel value exceedes this VtValue, then making the number of this second vertical blank pixel column is M+N row, and subtracts from this residual pixel value Remove this VtBeing multiplied by the value of this N, wherein N is the positive integer more than or equal to 1.
6. image treatment method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that this VtValue equal to this second valid pixel time The pixel count that the second valid pixel row corresponding to interval comprise adds this second corresponding to the second horizontal blank time interval The pixel count that horizontal blank pixel column comprises.
7. an image processor, comprises:
One controller;And
One storage device;
This controller makes this storage device receive an image with one first clock signal, and this first clock signal has at least one One valid pixel time interval, at least one first horizontal blank time interval and one first vertical blanking time are interval;
This controller makes this storage device export this image with one second clock signal, and this second clock signal has at least one Two valid pixel time intervals, at least one second horizontal blank time interval and one second vertical blanking time are interval;
Wherein this first valid pixel time interval and pixel count corresponding to this second valid pixel time interval are identical, and this is years old The pixel count that two horizontal blank time intervals are corresponding is respectively less than the pixel count that this first horizontal blank time interval is corresponding, and this The pixel count that pixel count corresponding to two vertical blanking time intervals is corresponding more than this first vertical blanking time interval.
8. image processor as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that corresponding to this first clock signal of single cycle The difference of this second pixel count summation corresponding to the second clock signal of the first pixel count summation and single cycle less than one Predetermined value.
9. image processor as claimed in claim 8, it is characterised in that this first pixel count summation and this second pixel count Summation is equal.
10. image processor as claimed in claim 8, it is characterised in that this controller with following equation determine this The number of the second vertical blank pixel column corresponding to two vertical blanking time intervals:
Hd/Vt=M+Q
Wherein HdThese first valid pixels all for the first clock signal of single cycle arrange interval corresponding amount of pixels, own Amount of pixels corresponding to amount of pixels that this first horizontal blank time interval is corresponding and this first vertical blanking time interval deducts The all second valid pixel interval corresponding amount of pixels of row and all second horizontal blank of the second clock signal of single cycle The amount of pixels that white time interval is corresponding, this VtFor this second vertical blank picture each that this second vertical blanking time interval is corresponding The pixel count that element row comprise, M is Hd/VtInteger, and Q is Hd/VtRemainder;
If this M is more than or equal to 1, then this M is arranged the number as this second vertical blank pixel column by this controller, if Q is not Be zero, then the value adding up this Q produces a residual pixel value and stores this residual pixel value.
11. image processors as claimed in claim 10, it is characterised in that this controller is in connecing with this first seasonal pulse every time When receiving this image and export this image with this second clock signal, the value of this Q each time is added to this residual pixel value;If This residual pixel value is less than this VtValue then this controller this M is arranged the number as this second vertical blank pixel column, if This residual pixel value exceedes this VtValue, then this controller by the number making this second vertical blank pixel column be M+N row, and from This residual pixel value deducts this VtBeing multiplied by the value of this N, wherein N is the positive integer more than or equal to 1.
12. image processors as claimed in claim 10, it is characterised in that this VtValue equal to this second valid pixel time Between the second valid pixel pixel count of comprising of row corresponding to interval plus the corresponding to this second horizontal blank time interval The pixel count that two horizontal blank pixel columns comprise.
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