CN103971184B - Transmission line of electricity path generating method based on GIS Spatial GISs - Google Patents
Transmission line of electricity path generating method based on GIS Spatial GISs Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Transmission line of electricity path generating method based on GIS Spatial GISs, it comprises the following steps：1) it is loaded into GIS map and inputs the Origin And Destination of transmission line of electricity；2) weight is assigned to the plot in grid map using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) with reference to GIS information；3) optimal path of transmission line of electricity is asked for using dijkstra's algorithm, and carries out automatically generating line route length, corner quantity and the statistics with existing crossing elimination situation；4) site inspection verify and combine path the piece of defending through region complicated landform optimize line route.The present invention completes the generation in path in Transmission Line Design by carrying out gridding processing and combining dijkstra's algorithm GIS GIS-Geographic Information System, there is path to automatically generate, the function such as path length, corner number statistics, complex circuit landform judge.
Description
Technical field
It is specifically a kind of to be based on GIS space and geographicals the present invention relates to power system transmission line design field
The transmission line of electricity path generating method of information system.
Background technology
At present, in Transmission Line Design, path optimization is carried out by designer's route selection indoors first, and to scene
After making an on-the-spot survey, path is readjusted, forms final path.But there is following defect in existing path optimization's scheme：
1. automaticity is relatively low.The indoor design of legacy paths is completed in paper map, due to mostly
Figure drawing age is more remote, wherein much have occurred and that the content of change fails to be reflected on map in time, therefore indoor choosing
Line is inaccurate sometimes, or even error is very big.
2. the design cycle is grown.Legacy paths design method initial stage due to lack geography information, indoors on the basis of route selection,
Reconnaissance trip must be carried out, collects the data along line route, on this basis, path is modified or selected.So, make
It is longer into the line route design cycle, it is difficult to meet power grid construction demand.
3. fail to consider the influence factor of line route as a whole.The factor for influenceing line route includes topography and geomorphology, land used
Type, scissors crossing, execution conditions etc., each influence factor include a variety of key elements again.But traditional route designing method is only examined
Consider principal element, be irrational without considering these influence factors as a whole.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the above problems, the invention provides a kind of transmission line of electricity road based on GIS Spatial GISs
Footpath generation method, it is based on gridding GIS and dijkstra's algorithm and carries out automatically generating transmission line of electricity path, not only precision it is high,
Cycle is short, and considers the influence factor of various line routes, disclosure satisfy that power grid construction demand.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention to solve the technical problem is that：Transmission of electricity based on GIS Spatial GISs
Line route generation method, it is characterized in that：According to the Origin And Destination of the transmission line of electricity of determination, and combine path design section
GIS map carries out automatically generating transmission line of electricity path, the described method comprises the following steps：
1) it is loaded into GIS map and inputs the Origin And Destination of transmission line of electricity；
2) weight is assigned to the plot in grid map using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) with reference to GIS information；
3) optimal path of transmission line of electricity is asked for using dijkstra's algorithm, and automatically generate line route length,
Corner quantity and the statistics with existing crossing elimination situation；
4) site inspection verify and combine path the piece of defending through region complicated landform optimize line route.
Further, the plot in grid map is assigned to the process of weight as first to influenceing all of line route
It is multifactor to be classified, and weighing factor of each influence factor to path is calculated using analytic hierarchy process (AHP), then to path domain
Interior GIS map carries out gridding processing, by being interconnected between rule progress cell, and the sky in each cell
Between geography information carry out quantization extraction, be multiplied with above-mentioned weighing factor, you can obtain plot representated by each cell
Weight；The comprehensive weight of last computing unit lattice, i.e. the influence of additional consideration line length, corner number to path, formed single
The comprehensive weight coefficient in plot representated by first lattice.
Further, the factors for influenceing line route include topography and geomorphology, scissors crossing, land-use style and fortune
The defeated major class influence factor of condition lamp four, topography and geomorphology influence factor include level land, network of waterways lake, mire, mountain area；Scissors crossing shadow
The factor of sound includes highway, railway, power circuit, communication line；Land-use style influence factor includes residential block, industrial and mining area, forest land
With the important area such as aviation, military affairs, scenic spot, heavy icing area；Influence factor traffic condition can be divided into the one of standard highway above county level
Two class roads of class road and backroad.
Further, the path the deterministic process through region complicated landform be using Rule of judgment come judge along transmission of electricity
The complicated landform of line route, the Rule of judgment are as follows：
(1) based on unit grid, if the area without lake, the network of waterways is no more than 50% in cell, and in cell
Without river, forest land, then need to count the central point of square net and the elevation on four summits, take its maxima and minima,
And the distance between two points of maxima and minima are calculated, calculated according to formula below：
If a>0.5773, then it is judged as complicated landform, h in formulamax、hminCentral point and four tops for square net
The maximum and minimum value of point, s are the distance between two points of maxima and minima；
(2) based on unit grid, if the area ratio of lake, the network of waterways is more than 50% in this grid, it is determined as multiple
Miscellaneous landform；
(3) based on unit grid, if there are the landform such as river, forest land, mountain region simultaneously in this grid, the grid is judged
For complicated landform.
Further, the process that transmission line of electricity optimal path is asked for using dijkstra's algorithm is comprised the following steps：
1) Origin And Destination in path is respectively labeled as s and e；
2) path starting point s is set to T nodes；
3) it is " permanent " by T vertex ticks, and updates the state recording of connection node；
4) transient node that identification connects with s and comprehensive weight is minimum, is set to T nodes, until T nodes are terminal
Untill e, otherwise continue the state recording of renewal connection node；
5) according to the information in each node connected relation and state record table, from its preamble node of terminal e start recordings, directly
To recorded starting point s；
6) according to the record result of previous step, starting point s can be formed to terminal e initial path.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：The present invention is by carrying out gridding processing by GIS Spatial GISs and tying
Dijkstra's algorithm is closed to complete the generation in path in Transmission Line Design, there is path to automatically generate, path length, corner
The functions such as number statistics, the judgement of complex circuit landform.
The invention has the characteristics that：
1) path automatically generates：Achievable Automated Design of the transmission line of electricity path based on GIS of the present invention, i.e., it is determined that path
After Origin And Destination, coordinates measurement can be automatically performed, is referred to for designer；
2) manual verification's optimization is supported：After coordinates measurement, the complicated landform along path can be differentiated, facilitate designer to transfer
The section defends piece, while supports designer's typing reconnaissance trip data, carries out manual verification's optimization to path according to this；
3) counted along supporting：After coordinates measurement, line length, corner number can be completed according to GIS spatial geographic informations
And the statistics with the crossing instances of existing circuit etc..
Brief description of the drawings
By reading the detailed description made to non-limiting example made with reference to the following drawings, of the invention is other
Feature, objects and advantages will become more apparent upon：
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the method flow diagram that the present invention automatically generates line route using dijkstra's algorithm；
Fig. 3 is the environmental factor Recurison order hierarchy model that the present invention influences transmission line construction difficulty size；
The passage zone that Fig. 4 is the present invention selects schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is the grid label schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the mesh connectivity schematic diagram of the present invention；
The border mesh that Fig. 7 is the present invention connects schematic diagram；
The corner number that Fig. 8 is the present invention counts schematic diagram；
The initial path that Fig. 9 is the present invention optimizes schematic diagram；
The complicated landform that Figure 10 is the present invention judges schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Following disclosure provides many different embodiments or example is used for realizing the different structure of the present invention.For letter
Change disclosure of the invention, hereinafter the part and setting of specific examples are described.In addition, the present invention can be in different examples
Middle repeat reference numerals and/or letter.This repetition is for purposes of simplicity and clarity, itself not indicate discussed various
Relation between embodiment and/or setting.It should be noted that part illustrated in the accompanying drawings is not drawn necessarily to scale.This hair
It is bright to eliminate the description to known assemblies and treatment technology and process to avoid being unnecessarily limiting the present invention.
As shown in figure 1, a kind of transmission line of electricity path generating method based on GIS Spatial GISs of the present invention,
It is characterized in that：According to the Origin And Destination of the transmission line of electricity of determination, and the GIS map for combining path design section is given birth to automatically
Into transmission line of electricity path, the described method comprises the following steps：
1) it is loaded into GIS map and inputs the Origin And Destination of transmission line of electricity；
2) weight is assigned to the plot in grid map using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) with reference to GIS information；
3) optimal path of transmission line of electricity is asked for using dijkstra's algorithm, and automatically generate line route length,
Corner quantity and the statistics with existing crossing elimination situation；
4) site inspection verify and combine path the piece of defending through region complicated landform optimize line route, that is, obtain
Final transmission line of electricity route scheme.
Further, the plot in grid map is assigned to the process of weight as first to influenceing all of line route
It is multifactor to be classified, and weighing factor of each influence factor to path is calculated using analytic hierarchy process (AHP), then to path domain
Interior GIS map carries out gridding processing, by being interconnected between rule progress cell, and the sky in each cell
Between geography information carry out quantization extraction, be multiplied with above-mentioned weighing factor, you can obtain plot representated by each cell
Weight；The comprehensive weight of last computing unit lattice, i.e. the influence of additional consideration line length, corner number to path, formed single
The comprehensive weight coefficient in plot representated by first lattice.
As shown in Fig. 2 the process that transmission line of electricity optimal path is asked for using dijkstra's algorithm is comprised the following steps：
1) Origin And Destination in path is respectively labeled as s and e；
2) path starting point s is set to T nodes；
3) it is " permanent " by T vertex ticks, and updates the state recording of connection node；
4) transient node that identification connects with s and comprehensive weight is minimum, is set to T nodes, until T nodes are terminal
Untill e, otherwise continue the state recording of renewal connection node；
5) according to the information in each node connected relation and state record table, from its preamble node of terminal e start recordings, directly
To recorded starting point s；
6) according to the record result of previous step, starting point s can be formed to terminal e initial path.
Transmission line of electricity path generating method of the present invention is described in detail in all its bearings below.
First, dijkstra's algorithm explanation
Dijkstra's algorithm is the shortest path first from a summit to remaining each summit, solution be in digraph most
Short path problem.Its general principle is：Dijkstra's algorithm when solving shortest path is carried out by the stage.In each rank
Section, dijkstra's algorithm select a vertex v, and it has minimum cell weight d in all unknown summitsv, cell
Weighted value is calculated by analytic hierarchy process (AHP), while shortest path of the algorithm statement from source point s to the vertex v is known
, remainder at this stage by source point s to remaining summit weights dwUpdate work composition.
2nd, dijkstra's algorithm application
According to the principle of dijkstra's algorithm, the beginning and end in path is should determine that first, and establish net by preceding method
The mode of communicating of lattice；Meanwhile using the weight coefficient of each grid computing as the weight got in touch between grid.Dijkstra's algorithm with
This coefficient is as the foundation for searching optimal path.
In being designed in path, not only consider circuit weight, and need to consider path corner number is less, length compared with
It is short, circuit cost is reduced with this.Therefore, it is necessary to rational path comprehensive weight be calculated, to complete the selection of optimal path.
Weight coefficient in dijkstra's algorithm between cell is according to the following formula.
F=w+f1l+f2n
In formula, f --- unit path comprehensive weight；
W --- cell weight；
L --- path length, m；
N --- circuit corner number.
By f1With f2Adjustable parameter is arranged to, path length can be combined by designer and corner number is adjusted.
3rd, the realization during dijkstra's algorithm designs in path
(1) basic data prepares
(1.1) GIS map
Prepare the GIS map comprising circuit starting point and terminal region, should be able to include in the region allly
The information such as shape landforms, land-use style, scissors crossing, execution conditions.
(1.2) influence factor is handled
It is more to influence the environmental factor in transmission line of electricity path, four major classes are divided into for convenience of this method is studied：Landform
Landforms, scissors crossing, land-use style, traffic condition.Wherein, topography and geomorphology includes level land, network of waterways lake, mire, mountain area；Intersect
Across including highway, railway, power circuit, communication line；Land-use style includes residential block, industrial and mining area, forest land, important area (such as
Aviation, military affairs, scenic spot, heavy icing area etc.)；Traffic condition can be divided into a kind of road (standard highway above county level) and two class roads
(backroad).Recurison order hierarchy model as shown in Figure 3 is established as target to transmission line construction difficulty size using environmental factor.
For These parameters, the corresponding significance level size a of each index need to be provided according to 1~9 scaling law shown in table 1ij。
Table 1：1~9 scaling law
N × n rank judgment matrixs A is established according to the method described above.
Wherein, A0Judgment matrix of the expressiveness layer to destination layer；A1、A2、A3、A4Represent that each destination layer is sentenced to rule layer
Disconnected matrix.Each judgment matrix value is as shown in the table.
Calculated according to analytic hierarchy process (AHP), can obtain each influence factor in indicator layer and, to the weight coefficient of destination layer, be shown in Table 2.
Table 2：Weight coefficient of each influence factor of indicator layer to destination layer
| Influence factor | Index | Weight coefficient | Calculation |
| Topography and geomorphology | Level land | 0.0207 | By area |
(2) path Origin And Destination is determined
The load point provided and substation location are defined as to the beginning and end in path, it is defeated after determining beginning and end
Electric line path design in must be fulfilled for also transformer station's inlet-outlet line direction, and can according to requirement of engineering provide path must be through a position
Put.
(3) passage zone scope and gridding
(3.1) passage zone scope selects
The air line distance (unit km, similarly hereinafter) of Origin And Destination is measured, right angle trigonometry is done with east-west direction and North and South direction
Shape.Obtain the thing of this triangle and the length of side of North and South direction.The two distances are added into 2, and the number that rounds up respectively, can be obtained
To this regional extent, as shown in Figure 4.If must be included through point outside this regional extent, enlarged area scope is also answered, making must be through point
Within region.
(3.2) passage zone gridding
With selected specification square (1000m or 500m) division passage zone, grid chart is formed.
(4) number and connect
(4.1) grid is numbered
Using side where starting point as numbering original position.5 × 9 mesh generations are pressed into certain region, method is compiled as shown in Figure 5
Number.
(4.2) mesh connectivity mode
For m × n grids, the mode of communicating of i-th of grid is carried out by Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 methods.
(5) statistical function along
It is preferred for ease of being carried out to path, it is necessary to consider line length and corner simultaneously on the basis of routine weight value
Several influences.Therefore, it is necessary to count line length and corner number along the line, the network structure information statistics that can be combined in GIS should
The crossing instances of optimal path and All other routes.
Corner number statistical method is as shown in Figure 8.Assuming that exemplified by m × n grids.For i summits, all sensing i are drawn
The direction path that number summit and i summits are pointed to, and number difference therebetween is marked, as shown in Figure 8.Regulation：When No. i top
The previous summit of point is to the number difference on i summits, the number difference with next summit of i summits sensing, the two phase
Deng then path during i summits by not occurring corner；If the two is unequal, there is corner, corner number adds 1.If for example, No. i
The previous summit on summit is i-m, and the latter summit is i+m+1, because the two number difference is respectively m and m+1, therefore the path
There is corner on i summits.
4th, initial path optimizes
, it is necessary to continue to optimize, especially on the corner after initial path generation.On the corner, to complete path excellent
Change.Optimization method is：On the corner, respectively connect corner before and after each point, take wherein length it is most long and not with can not pass through area hand over
The original corner path of a replacement of fork.Detailed process can refer to the method shown in Figure 10.
5th, complicated landform judges
, it is necessary to judge through Topographic Complex Degree line route institute after initial path optimization, called to facilitate
Piece of defending at complicated landform (is formed after utilizing the superposition monitoring information and relevant key element that the technological means such as Satellite Remote Sensing make
Thematic Image Map piece, referred to as defend piece), conveniently check orographic condition at this for circuit designer, pedestrian entered to line route
Work intervention.
The Rule of judgment of complicated landform is following (meeting that wherein any one is judged as complicated landform)：
(1) based on unit grid, if the area without lake, the network of waterways is no more than 50% in cell, and in cell
Without river, forest land, then need to count the central point of square net and the elevation on four summits, take its maxima and minima,
And calculate the distance between two points of maxima and minima.
By taking Fig. 9 as an example, the elevation of five points is counted, it is respectively h to take maximum and minimum valuemax、hmin, and calculate maximum
The distance between two points of minimum value s, is calculated according to formula below：
If a>0.5773, then it is judged as complicated landform.
(2) based on unit grid, if the area ratio of lake, the network of waterways is more than 50% in this grid, it is determined as multiple
Miscellaneous landform.
(3) based on unit grid, if there are the landform such as river, forest land, mountain region simultaneously in this grid, the grid is judged
For complicated landform.
Simply the preferred embodiment of the present invention described above, for those skilled in the art,
Without departing from the principles of the invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications are also regarded as this hair
Bright protection domain.
Claims (4)
1. the transmission line of electricity path generating method based on GIS Spatial GISs, it is characterized in that：According to the power transmission line of determination
The Origin And Destination on road, and the GIS map for combining path design section carries out automatically generating transmission line of electricity path, methods described bag
Include following steps：
1) it is loaded into GIS map and inputs the Origin And Destination of transmission line of electricity；
2) weight is assigned to the plot in grid map using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) with reference to GIS information；
3) optimal path of transmission line of electricity is asked for using dijkstra's algorithm, and carries out automatically generating line route length, corner
Quantity and the statistics with existing crossing elimination situation；
4) site inspection verify and combine path the piece of defending through region complicated landform optimize line route；
The process that the plot in grid map is assigned to weight is that the factors for influenceing line route are divided first
Class, and each influence factor is calculated to the weighing factor in path using analytic hierarchy process (AHP), then the GIS map in the range of path is entered
Row gridding is handled, and by being interconnected between rule progress cell, and the spatial geographic information in each cell is entered
Row quantifies extraction, is multiplied with above-mentioned weighing factor, you can obtain the weight in plot representated by each cell；Finally calculate
The comprehensive weight of cell, i.e. the influence of additional consideration line length, corner number to path, form plot representated by cell
Comprehensive weight coefficient.
2. the transmission line of electricity path generating method according to claim 1 based on GIS Spatial GISs, its feature
It is：The factors for influenceing line route include topography and geomorphology, scissors crossing, land-use style and the major class shadow of traffic condition four
The factor of sound, topography and geomorphology influence factor include level land, network of waterways lake, mire, mountain area；Scissors crossing influence factor include highway,
Railway, power circuit, communication line；Land-use style influence factor includes residential block, industrial and mining area, forest land and aviation, military affairs, scape
Area, heavy icing area important area；Influence factor traffic condition can be divided into a kind of road and backroad of standard highway above county level
Two class roads.
3. the transmission line of electricity path generating method according to claim 1 based on GIS Spatial GISs, its feature
It is：The path the deterministic process through region complicated landform be using Rule of judgment to judge the complexity along transmission line of electricity path
Landform, the Rule of judgment are as follows：
(1) based on unit grid, if the area without lake, the network of waterways is no more than 50% in cell, and without river in cell
Stream, forest land, then need to count the central point of square net and the elevation on four summits, take its maxima and minima, and count
The distance between two points of maxima and minima are calculated, are calculated according to formula below：
<mrow>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mi>max</mi>
</msub>
<mo>-</mo>
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mi>min</mi>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mi>s</mi>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
If a>0.5773, then it is judged as complicated landform, h in formulamax、hminCentral point for square net and four summits
Maximum and minimum value, s are the distance between two points of maxima and minima；
(2) based on unit grid, if the area ratio of lake, the network of waterways is determined as intricately more than 50% in this grid
Shape；
(3) based on unit grid, if having river, forest land, mountain topography simultaneously in this grid, judge the grid for complexity
Landform.
4. the transmission line of electricity coordinates measurement side based on GIS Spatial GISs according to any one of claims 1 to 3
Method, it is characterized in that：The process that transmission line of electricity optimal path is asked for using dijkstra's algorithm is comprised the following steps：
1) Origin And Destination in path is respectively labeled as s and e；
2) path starting point s is set to T nodes；
3) it is " permanent " by T vertex ticks, and updates the state recording of connection node；
4) transient node that identification connects with s and comprehensive weight is minimum, is set to T nodes, until T nodes are that terminal e is
Only, the state recording of renewal connection node is otherwise continued；
5) information in each node connected relation and state record table, from its preamble node of terminal e start recordings, until note
Record starting point s；
6) according to the record result of previous step, starting point s can be formed to terminal e initial path.
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