CN103970179A - Small wind machine maximum power tracing device and method - Google Patents
Small wind machine maximum power tracing device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103970179A CN103970179A CN201410200393.0A CN201410200393A CN103970179A CN 103970179 A CN103970179 A CN 103970179A CN 201410200393 A CN201410200393 A CN 201410200393A CN 103970179 A CN103970179 A CN 103970179A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a small wind machine maximum power tracing device and method. The device comprises an MTTP processor, a PWM controller and a DC/DC electrical energy conversion circuit. The MTTP processor is connected with a small wind machine and the PWM controller. The output power and the angular speed of the small wind machine are collected, according to the collected output power and the angular speed of three adjacent working points, the corresponding area ratio and output power difference value are obtained, and then disturbance step length variation is obtained and is transmitted to the PWM controller. The PWM controller is connected with the DC/DC electrical energy conversion circuit and compares the disturbance step length variation with PWM carrier signals, and PWM control signals are generated. The DC/DC electrical energy conversion circuit is connected with a load and is used for receiving the PWM control signals, output voltage and load power are adjusted in real time, and maximum power tracing is completed, the wind energy using rate of the small wind machine can be improved, the speed for tracing the maximum power of the small wind machine is increased, and the accuracy of small wind machine maximum power tracing is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to new energy field, particularly relate to a kind of small wind turbine maximum power tracking device and method.
Background technology
Along with social development, the energy and environment become the vital issue that people face.Wind energy, as with a kind of clean reproducible energy, has good application prospect.Because wind energy has the shortcomings such as randomness, instability and energy density are low, produce a lot of problems to the utilization of wind energy.Therefore, the research and development of MPPT maximum power point tracking technology (MPPT) becomes particularly important.MPPT maximum power point tracking technology makes system absorb rapidly, exactly more energy from the external world.At present, be applied to aerogenerator MPPT control technology and mainly contain optimum tip-speed ratio method, Feedback of Power method and disturbance observation.
The basic thought of optimum tip-speed ratio (TSR) method is in the time that wind speed changes, adjust in real time generator speed, the tip speed ratio that maintains wind energy conversion system is (optimum value is generally by calculating or test acquisition) at optimum value place, under any wind speed, the utilization factor of wind energy is all maximum like this, follows the tracks of thereby realize maximal wind-energy.The benefit of this kind of control algolithm is that control principle is simple, easily realizes.Shortcoming is to need measuring wind and wind energy conversion system rotating speed, also need the tip speed ratio curve of knowing that in advance wind energy conversion system is intrinsic, because the real-time Measurement accuracy of wind speed is more difficult, this kind of control algolithm easily causes the big ups and downs of wind energy conversion system output power, therefore applies in practice less.
The basic thought of Feedback of Power method (PSF) is to calculate in advance or test to obtain peak power point curve, in the time that wind speed changes, first detect the rotating speed of wind energy conversion system, then calculate the now output power of blower fan according to peak power opisometer, catch the real power generation difference signal of making comparisons as reference power and with the blower fan under current wind speed, thereby carry out the closed-loop control of power, realize the tracking to maximum power point.The advantage of the method is without measuring wind, and the output power of wind energy conversion system can not fluctuate, and shortcoming is for different wind energy conversion systems, needs prior emulation or test to obtain the peak power curve of wind energy conversion system, increases Feedback of Power control difficulty and practical application cost.
Disturbance observation is substantially similar to solar power system method of perturbation: first apply a less fluctuation of speed to wind wheel, the then variable quantity of the output power of detection system, if variable quantity is greater than zero, shows that perturbation direction is correct; If variable quantity is less than zero, carry out in the opposite direction disturbance.The method simply, does not need measuring wind, can finely reduce costs, but at maximum power point place, due to step-length, can produce fluctuation and step-length too small, and tracking velocity slows down, and step-length is crossed conference and cause the fluctuation of power in maximal power tracing process.
Summary of the invention
The deficiency existing for overcoming above-mentioned prior art, one of the present invention object is to provide a kind of small wind turbine maximum power tracking device and method, it can improve the wind energy utilization of small wind turbine, accelerate to follow the tracks of the speed of small wind turbine peak power, improve the accuracy of following the tracks of small wind turbine peak power, thereby at the cost that fundamentally reduces small wind machine power generating system, improve the utilization factor of wind energy.
For reaching above-mentioned and other object, the present invention proposes a kind of small wind turbine maximum power tracking device, comprising:
MTTP processor, be connected with a small wind turbine and PWM controller, for gathering output power P and the angular velocity W of described small wind turbine, and obtain respective area ratio and output power difference according to the output power of gathered adjacent three working points and angular velocity, and then obtain disturbance step change amount and transfer to described PWM controller;
PWM controller, is connected with DC/DC transformation of electrical energy circuit, for described disturbance step change amount is compared with preset PWM carrier signal, produces pwm control signal;
DC/DC transformation of electrical energy circuit, is connected with load, and for receiving described pwm control signal, regulation output voltage and bearing power, complete maximal power tracing in real time.
Further, described MTTP processor further comprises:
The first area acquiring unit, for gathering output power and the angular velocity of the first working point, adjacent three working points and the second working point, obtains the first area;
Second area acquiring unit, for gathering output power and the angular velocity of the second working point, adjacent three working points and the 3rd working point, obtains second area;
Disturbance step change amount acquiring unit, joins with described the first area acquiring unit and described second area acquiring unit respectively, for obtaining described second area and the ratio of the first area and the difference of output power, and then obtains described disturbance step change amount.
Further, described disturbance step change amount is:
ΔD＝a(ΔP/|ΔP|)ΔS
ΔP/|ΔP|
Wherein Δ P=P3-P2, Δ S=S2/S1, P3, P2 are the output power of described the 3rd working point, the second working point, and S2, S1 are respectively described second area, the first area, and disturbance sensitivity a is constant coefficient, 0<a<1.
Further, when working point from maximum power point M away from, described disturbance step change amount △ D is larger, now by described disturbance step change amount △ D and the comparison of described PWM carrier signal, the pwm control signal that output duty cycle is larger, described DC/DC transformation of electrical energy circuit output voltage raises comparatively fast, and working point is to maximum power point M fast moving.
Further, when described disturbance step change amount △ D less, working point from maximum power point M close to, now by described disturbance step change amount △ D and the comparison of described PWM carrier signal, the pwm control signal that output duty cycle is less, described DC/DC transformation of electrical energy circuit output voltage rising is slower, and slowly move to maximum power point M working point, reduces to follow the tracks of the vibration of power in peak power process.
Further, described DC/DC transformation of electrical energy circuit adopts the Boost booster circuit being made up of electric capacity, resistance, inductance, electronic power switch, described Boost booster circuit receives described pwm control signal, if described pwm control signal is high level, described electronic power switch conducting, if pwm control signal is low level, described electronic power switch disconnects, thereby regulation output voltage and bearing power, complete maximal power tracing in real time.
For achieving the above object, the present invention also provides a kind of small wind turbine maximum power tracking method, comprises the steps:
Step 1, gathers output power P and the angular velocity W of described small wind turbine;
Step 2, obtains respective area ratio and output power difference according to the output power of gathered adjacent three working points and angular velocity, and then obtains disturbance step change amount;
Step 3, PWM controller is compared described disturbance step change amount with preset PWM carrier signal, produce pwm control signal;
Step 4, DC/DC transformation of electrical energy circuit receives pwm control signal, and regulation output voltage and bearing power, complete maximal power tracing in real time.
Further, the value of described disturbance step change amount is △ D=a*S2/S1, wherein, first area of S1 for obtaining according to the output power of the first gathered working point and the second working point and angular velocity, S2 is for according to the output power of the second gathered working point and the 3rd working point and second area that angular velocity obtains, and disturbance sensitivity a is constant coefficient.
Further, described pwm control signal changes with described disturbance step change amount △ D.
Further, in step 4, when working point from maximum power point M away from, described disturbance step change amount △ D is larger, now by disturbance step change amount △ D and preset PWM carrier signal comparison, the pwm control signal that output duty cycle is larger, described DC/DC transformation of electrical energy circuit output voltage raises comparatively fast, and working point is to maximum power point M fast moving; When described disturbance step change amount △ D less, working point from maximum power point M close to, now by described disturbance step change amount △ D and the comparison of PWM carrier signal, the pwm control signal that output duty cycle is less, the rising of DC/DC transformation of electrical energy circuit output voltage is slower, and slowly move to maximum power point M working point; Until complete the tracking of maximum power point.
Compared with prior art, a kind of small wind turbine maximum power tracking device of the present invention and method are according to the feature of the P-W output characteristic curve of small wind turbine, two tetragonal areas that adopt adjacent working point to form recently change disturbance step change amount, by disturbance step change amount from optimizing, realize fast the tracking to small wind turbine maximum power point, improve the wind energy utilization of small wind turbine, accelerate to follow the tracks of the speed of small wind turbine peak power, improve the accuracy of following the tracks of small wind turbine peak power, thereby at the cost that fundamentally reduces small wind machine power generating system, improve the utilization factor of wind energy
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the system architecture diagram of a kind of small wind turbine maximum power tracking device of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the output characteristic curve of small wind turbine P-W of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the flow chart of steps of a kind of small wind turbine maximum power tracking method of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the process flow diagram that the preferred embodiment of the present invention realizes maximal power tracing;
Fig. 5 system emulation circuit diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below, by specific instantiation accompanying drawings embodiments of the present invention, those skilled in the art can understand other advantage of the present invention and effect easily by content disclosed in the present specification.The present invention also can be implemented or be applied by other different instantiation, and the every details in this instructions also can be based on different viewpoints and application, carries out various modifications and change not deviating under spirit of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is the system architecture diagram of a kind of small wind turbine maximum power tracking device of the present invention.As shown in Figure 1, a kind of small wind turbine maximum power tracking device of the present invention, comprising: MTTP processor 2, PWM controller 4 and DC/DC transformation of electrical energy circuit 6.Due to extraneous wind speed one timing, P (output power)-W (angular velocity) output characteristic curve of small wind turbine is a single peak curve, only has a maximum power point, therefore can, by the angular velocity of small wind turbine is carried out to disturbance, realize the tracking of small wind turbine maximum power point by disturbance step-length.
Wherein, MTTP processor 2 respectively with small wind turbine 10 and PWM (Pulse WidthModulation, pulse-length modulation) controller 4 is connected, for gathering output power P and the angular velocity W of small wind turbine 10, and obtain respective area ratio and output power difference according to the output power of gathered adjacent three working points and angular velocity, and then obtain disturbance step change amount and transfer to PWM controller 4.
Fig. 2 is the output characteristic curve of the middle-size and small-size wind energy conversion system P-W of the present invention.With reference to figure 2, if in adjacent three working points, the coordinate of the first working point A is (W1 on curve, P1), the coordinate of the second working point B is (W2, P2), the coordinate of the 3rd working point C is (W3, P3), wherein P is small wind turbine output power, and W is small wind turbine angular velocity.Point A is projected as F in the W of described P-W output characteristic curve coordinate axis, and some B is projected as E in the W of described P-W output characteristic curve coordinate axis, and some C is projected as D in the W of described P-W output characteristic curve coordinate axis.Line segment AB, BE, EF, FA have formed an approximate quadrilateral ABEF, its area S1=(P1+P2) * (W2-W1) * 0.5; Line segment BC, CD, DE and EB have formed a quadrilateral BCDE, its area S2=(P2+P3) * (W3-W2) * 0.5.The left side of maximum power point M on small wind turbine P-W output characteristic curve, along with working point is near maximum power point, the area ratio of S2 and S1 constantly changes; Working point is from Yue Yuan position, the small wind turbine maximum power point M left side, and the area ratio of S2 and S1 is larger, and near maximum power point M, the ratio of S2 and S1 equals 1 substantially.On small wind turbine P-W output characteristic curve, the right of maximum power point M is just in time contrary.Therefore, by the area ratio of S2 and S1, can determine disturbance step change amount, thereby the angular velocity of small wind turbine be carried out disturbance and realized the tracking of small wind turbine maximum power point.
In Fig. 2, the disturbance step change amount of the 3rd working point C is Δ D=a (Δ P/| Δ P|) Δ S
Δ P/| Δ P|, wherein Δ P=P3-P2, Δ S=S2/S1, disturbance sensitivity a is constant coefficient (0<a<1), can obtain by experiment.When △ P>0 and working point from maximum power point M away from time, Area Ratio S2/S1 is larger, can obtain the next sampling step length variable quantity that C is ordered: now disturbance step change of Δ D=aS2/S1 amount △ D is larger, can follow the tracks of fast maximum power point; In the time that sampled point approaches maximum power point, S2/S1 ≈ 1, a is less in disturbance sensitivity, and disturbance step change amount △ D is less, vibrates less while now tracking, can reduce power loss in tracing process.
In the time of P3-P2=0, the disturbance step change amount sampled point of the 3rd working point C is on maximum power point M, S2=0, S2/S1=0, C point disturbance step change amount △ D=0, now drive the pwm signal dutycycle of electronic power switch constant, system output voltage is constant and be operated in peak power, and system works is at maximum power point place.
As △ P=P3-P2<0, the disturbance step change amount Δ D=-aS1/S2 of the 3rd working point C, when sampled point from maximum power point M away from time during when sampled point, when Area comparison is large, disturbance step change amount △ D is larger, now from the other direction faster speed near maximum power point.In sum, according to the size of Area Ratio, MTTP processor 2 produces the △ D of corresponding big or small forward or negative sense and transfers to described PWM controller 4, drives corresponding electronic power switch with this, completes maximal power tracing.
Continue with reference to accompanying drawing 1, as preferred embodiment, MTTP processor 2 further comprises the first area acquiring unit 21, second area acquiring unit 22 and disturbance step change amount acquiring unit 23.
The first area acquiring unit 21, for gathering output power and the angular velocity of the first working point, adjacent three working points and the second working point, obtains the first area.Simultaneously with reference to figure 2, in adjacent three working points, the coordinate of the first working point A is (W1, P1), the coordinate of the second working point B is (W2, P2) the first area S1=(P1+P2) * (W2-W1) * 0.5 that, described the first area acquiring unit 21 obtains.
Second area acquiring unit 22, for gathering output power and the angular velocity of the second working point, adjacent three working points and the 3rd working point, obtains second area.Simultaneously with reference to figure 2, in adjacent three working points, the coordinate of the second working point B is (W2, P2), the coordinate of the 3rd working point C is (W3, P3) second area S2=(P2+P3) * (W3-W2) * 0.5 that, described second area acquiring unit 22 obtains.
Disturbance step change amount acquiring unit 23 joins with the first area acquiring unit 21 and second area acquiring unit 22 respectively, for obtaining second area and the ratio of the first area and the difference of output power, and then obtains disturbance step change amount.While is △ D=a*S2/S1 with reference to the value of the disturbance step change amount of figure 2, the three working point C, and disturbance sensitivity a is constant coefficient (0<a<1).And the 3rd working point C is on the maximum power point M left side, and the 3rd working point C and the second working point B output power difference are greater than zero, thus △ D get on the occasion of.
PWM controller 4 is connected with DC/DC transformation of electrical energy circuit 6, for disturbance step change amount is compared with preset PWM carrier signal, produces pwm control signal.Wherein, the input message of PWM controller 4 is the disturbance step change amount △ D that MTTP processor 2 obtains, △ D is converted to after the manageable data layout of PWM controller 4, the PWM carrier signal comparison preset with PWM controller 4, generation changes pwm control signal with △ D and exports DC/DC transformation of electrical energy circuit 6 to.
DC/DC transformation of electrical energy circuit 6 is connected with load 20, the pwm control signal of exporting for receiving DC/DC transformation of electrical energy circuit 6, and regulation output voltage and bearing power, complete maximal power tracing in real time.When working point from maximum power point M away from, disturbance step change amount △ D is larger, now by disturbance step change amount △ D and the comparison of PWM carrier signal, the pwm control signal that output duty cycle is larger, DC/DC transformation of electrical energy circuit 6 output voltages raise comparatively fast, and working point is to maximum power point M fast moving; When disturbance step change amount △ D less, working point from maximum power point M close to, now by disturbance step change amount △ D and the comparison of PWM carrier signal, the pwm control signal that output duty cycle is less, DC/DC transformation of electrical energy circuit 6 output voltages raise slower, slowly move to maximum power point M working point, can reduce to follow the tracks of the vibration of power in peak power process; Until complete the tracking of maximum power point.
As preferred embodiment, DC/DC transformation of electrical energy circuit 6 adopts the Boost booster circuit being made up of electric capacity, resistance, inductance, electronic power switch, described Boost booster circuit receives pwm control signal, if pwm control signal is high level, the electronic power switch conducting of Boost booster circuit; When working point from maximum power point M away from, disturbance step change amount △ D is larger, now by △ D and the comparison of PWM carrier signal, the pwm control signal that output duty cycle is larger, pwm control signal dutycycle is larger, the time of electronic power switch conducting is longer, and working point is to maximum power point M fast moving; Pwm control signal dutycycle is less, and the time of electronic power switch conducting is shorter, and slowly move to maximum power point M working point.If pwm control signal is low level, described electronic power switch disconnects, thereby real-time regulation output voltage and bearing power complete maximal power tracing.
If the input voltage of Boost booster circuit is Uin, electric current is Iin; Input equivalent resistance is Req.The output voltage of described Boost booster circuit is that U0, electric current are I0; Pull-up resistor is R0.Before and after transformation of electrical energy, energy loss is very little, can ignore, output voltage U 0=(1/ (1-D)) * Uin; D is the dutycycle that drives electronic power switch; U0*I0=Uin*Iin=Uin2/Req=U02/R0, Req=Uin/Iin=(1-D) 2*R0.The rotating speed disturbance of small wind turbine is equivalent to the input voltage of Boost booster circuit to carry out disturbance, therefore control the PWM ripple of change in duty cycle by disturbance control inputs voltage with this, regulate in real time dutycycle D, input impedance is mated with loaded impedance, complete the tracking of maximum power point; Boost booster circuit plays the effect of boosted voltage on the other hand.
In the time that pwm control signal is high level, electronic power switch conducting, its place branch road is equivalent to a wire, and the voltage of small wind turbine output is to induction charging, and the voltage on electric capacity powers to the load.In the time that pwm control signal is low level, electronic power switch place branch road disconnects, and inductance capacitance powers to the load jointly.Regulate in real time the pwm control signal of the electronic power switch of input Boost booster circuit according to the output power of wind energy conversion system, realize the adjusting of dutycycle D by the break-make of electronic power switch, and then realize the transmission of electric energy, the adjusting of output voltage, the adjusting of bearing power, assist and realize maximal power tracing.
Fig. 3 is the flow chart of steps of a kind of small wind turbine maximum power tracking method of the present invention.As shown in Figure 3, a kind of small wind turbine maximum power tracking method of the present invention, comprises the steps:
Step 301, output power P and the angular velocity W of collection small wind turbine, specifically, gather output power and the angular velocity of adjacent three working points of small wind turbine.
Step 302, obtains respective area ratio and output power difference according to the output power of gathered adjacent three working points and angular velocity, and then obtains disturbance step change amount.
Particularly, the value of the disturbance step change amount of the 3rd working point is △ D=a*S2/S1, wherein, first area of S1 for obtaining according to the output power of the first gathered working point and the second working point and angular velocity, S2 is for according to the output power of the second gathered working point and the 3rd working point and second area that angular velocity obtains, and disturbance sensitivity a is constant coefficient (0<a<1).Due to, the 3rd working point is on the maximum power point M left side, the 3rd working point and the second working point output power difference are greater than zero, thus △ D get on the occasion of
Step 303, PWM controller is compared disturbance step change amount with preset PWM carrier signal, produce pwm control signal, and this pwm control signal changes with disturbance step change amount △ D.
Step 304, DC/DC transformation of electrical energy circuit receives pwm control signal, and regulation output voltage and bearing power, complete maximal power tracing in real time.
Particularly, when working point from maximum power point M away from, disturbance step change amount △ D is larger, now by disturbance step change amount △ D and preset PWM carrier signal comparison, the pwm control signal that output duty cycle is larger, DC/DC transformation of electrical energy circuit output voltage raises comparatively fast, and working point is to maximum power point M fast moving; When disturbance step change amount △ D less, working point from maximum power point M close to, now by △ D and the comparison of PWM carrier signal, the pwm control signal that output duty cycle is less, DC/DC transformation of electrical energy circuit output voltage raises slower, slowly move to maximum power point M working point, can reduce to follow the tracks of the vibration of power in peak power process; Until complete the tracking of maximum power point.
Fig. 4 is the process flow diagram that the preferred embodiment of the present invention realizes maximal power tracing.Refer to shown in Fig. 4, wherein, the power that P, W are small-sized wind power generator and angular velocity; P (K-1) is the output power of previous cycle small-sized wind power generator, the output power that P (K) is current small-sized wind power generator; The area that S (K-1) is ABEF, the area that S (K-2) is BCDE; D (K-1) is current disturbance step-length, the disturbance step-length that △ D (K) is next cycle, and △ Dt is a temporary variable; As △ P=P (K)-P (K-1) >0, sampled point C may be on the left side of maximum power point or the right, in the time of on the left side, disturbance step change amount △ Dt=△ Dt, next disturbance step-length △ D (K)=D (K-1)+△ Dt, present operating point is close to maximum power point; When before sampled point C on maximum power point the right, now still may △ P=P (K)-P (K-1) >0, under the effect of next disturbance step-length D (K)=D (K-1)+△ Dt, by the maximum power point that departs from a little, present operating point is close to maximum power point, but has very soon △ P=P (K)-P (K-1) <0.As △ P=P (K)-P (K-1) <0, present operating point is on the maximum power point left side, △ Dt=△ Dt, disturbance step change amount △ Dt=-△ Dt, next disturbance step-length D (K+1)=D (K)+△ Dt, present operating point is close to maximum power point.The output power P of current small-sized wind power generator (K) assignment, to P (K-1), is proceeded to MPPT maximum power point tracking.
The present invention is according to the feature of the P-W output characteristic curve of small wind turbine, and two tetragonal areas that adopt adjacent working point to form recently change disturbance step change amount.The ratio of area changes from the distance of maximum power point with working point, and disturbance step change amount changes along with the change of area ratio; Working point from maximum power point away from time, area ratio is larger, disturbance step change amount is larger, now can follow the tracks of fast maximum power point; Working point is near maximum power point, and it is 1 almost nil with the product of disturbance sensitivity that Area Ratio is almost, and disturbance step change amount is zero substantially, does not substantially vibrate, thereby can fine small wind turbine peak power be followed the tracks of at maximum power point.Also, the self-adaptation of two tetragonal Area Ratios that form by adjacent working point realize disturbance step change amount from optimizing, realize fast the tracking to small wind turbine maximum power point.And when external environment is when great changes will take place, as wind speed alters a great deal, the rotating speed of small wind turbine changes, and angular velocity changes thereupon, and the output power curve of small wind turbine can change accordingly; Now the ratio of area also can change thereupon, thereby the step-length with new is traced into faster new maximum power point by device.
Next further illustrate the present invention's Novel small-sized wind energy conversion system maximum power tracking device in conjunction with system shown in Figure 5 artificial circuit figure.
Wherein, module 40 is Powergui module, represents that system works is under contact status.Module 48 is load blocks.
Module 41 comprises wind speed (wind speed), small wind turbine angular velocity (generator speed), propeller pitch angle (Pitch Angle), the small wind turbine radius R of small wind turbine model and input small wind turbine; Module 41 is output as small wind turbine torque Tm, power coefficient Cp and small wind turbine mechanical output Pm.
Module 42 is permanent magnet direct-driven synchronous generator, and it is directly connected with small wind turbine, provides the mechanical energy of torque Tm output to be converted into electric energy and to export three-phase alternating current A, B, C small wind turbine.
Module 43 is the uncontrollable rectifier of three-phase, for the three-phase alternating current of permanent magnet direct-driven synchronous generator output is converted into direct current, prevents the effect of energy back simultaneously.
The control section of module 44 the present invention's Novel small-sized wind energy conversion system maximum power tracking device, comprises MPPT module and PWM module.MPPT module gathers output power P and the angular velocity W of wind energy conversion system, reference area S1=(P1+P2) * (W2-W1) * 0.5, S2=(P2+P3) * (W3-W2) * 0.5; Obtain disturbance step change amount △ D; MPPT module is positive and negative according to △ P=P3-P2's, produces △ D positive and negative, that vary in size.PWM module is input as △ D, △ D is by the built-in PWM carrier signal comparison of conversion and PWM module, produce and change pwm control signal with △ D, pwm control signal is directly controlled the electronic power switch of Boost booster circuit, completes the tracking of peak power by the break-make of real-time adjusting electronic power switch.
The DC/DC transformation of electrical energy circuit part of module 45 the present invention's Novel small-sized wind energy conversion system maximum power tracking device, adopts the Boost booster circuit being made up of capacitor C 1, inductance L 1, resistance R 1, electronic power switch IGBT and diode D1, filter capacitor C0.In the time that pwm control signal is high level, electronic power switch IGBT conducting, place branch road is equivalent to a wire, and the voltage of small wind turbine output charges to inductance L 1, and the voltage in capacitor C 1 powers to the load.In the time that pwm control signal is low level, electronic power switch IGBT place branch road disconnects, and L1, C1 power to the load jointly.Realize the transmission of electric energy, the adjusting of output voltage, the adjusting of bearing power by the break-make of electronic power switch.
Module 461-464 is respectively voltage table VM1, VM2, and reometer CM1, CM2 measure respectively and export voltage, the electric current of place branch road.Module 471-472 is oscillograph, is mainly used in observing simulation result.Wherein, module 471 is for measuring machine torque Tm, power coefficient Cp and the mechanical output Pm of small wind turbine; Module 472 is for measuring Boost booster circuit power input and load output current, voltage.
The relation that the output voltage of permanent magnet direct-driven generator is directly proportional to its input speed, the output voltage of generator output voltage after rectification is also approximated to proportionate relationship with input voltage; So the input speed of the output voltage of the uncontrollable rectifier of three-phase and permanent magnet direct-driven generator is approximated to proportionate relationship; The rotating speed disturbance of small wind turbine is equivalent to the output voltage of the uncontrollable rectifier of three-phase to carry out disturbance; This voltage is the input voltage of Boost booster circuit, therefore controls with this PWM ripple that dutycycle can change by disturbance control inputs voltage, regulates in real time dutycycle D, and input impedance is mated with loaded impedance, completes the tracking of maximum power point.
Can find out by emulation, from maximum power point away from time, two tetragonal area differences that adjacent working point forms are larger, disturbance step change amount is larger, now can follow the tracks of fast maximum power point; When nearer apart from maximum power point, two tetragonal area differences that adjacent working point forms are less, and disturbance step change amount is less, with the disturbance of small step progress row, can reduce the vibration of power in power tracking process; Near maximum power point, two tetragonal difference in areas that adjacent working point forms are more almost nil, and disturbance step change amount is zero substantially, does not substantially vibrate, thereby can fine small wind turbine peak power be followed the tracks of at maximum power point.
Above-described embodiment is illustrative principle of the present invention and effect thereof only, but not for limiting the present invention.Any those skilled in the art all can, under spirit of the present invention and category, modify and change above-described embodiment.Therefore, the scope of the present invention, should be as listed in claims.
Claims (10)
1. a small wind turbine maximum power tracking device, comprising:
MTTP processor, be connected with a small wind turbine and PWM controller, for gathering output power P and the angular velocity W of described small wind turbine, and obtain respective area ratio and output power difference according to the output power of gathered adjacent three working points and angular velocity, and then obtain disturbance step change amount and transfer to described PWM controller;
PWM controller, is connected with DC/DC transformation of electrical energy circuit, for described disturbance step change amount is compared with preset PWM carrier signal, produces pwm control signal;
DC/DC transformation of electrical energy circuit, is connected with load, and for receiving described pwm control signal, regulation output voltage and bearing power, complete maximal power tracing in real time.
2. a kind of small wind turbine maximum power tracking device as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described MTTP processor further comprises:
The first area acquiring unit, for gathering output power and the angular velocity of the first working point, adjacent three working points and the second working point, obtains the first area;
Second area acquiring unit, for gathering output power and the angular velocity of the second working point, adjacent three working points and the 3rd working point, obtains second area;
Disturbance step change amount acquiring unit, joins with described the first area acquiring unit and described second area acquiring unit respectively, for obtaining described second area and the ratio of the first area and the difference of output power, and then obtains described disturbance step change amount.
3. a kind of small wind turbine maximum power tracking device as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, described disturbance step change amount is:
ΔD＝a(ΔP/|ΔP|)ΔS
ΔP/|ΔP|
Wherein Δ P=P3-P2, Δ S=S2/S1, P3, P2 are the output power of described the 3rd working point, the second working point, and S2, S1 are respectively described second area, the first area, and disturbance sensitivity a is constant coefficient, 0<a<1.
4. a kind of small wind turbine maximum power tracking device as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: when working point from maximum power point M away from, described disturbance step change amount △ D is larger, now by described disturbance step change amount △ D and the comparison of described PWM carrier signal, the pwm control signal that output duty cycle is larger, described DC/DC transformation of electrical energy circuit output voltage raises comparatively fast, and working point is to maximum power point M fast moving.
5. a kind of small wind turbine maximum power tracking device as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that: when described disturbance step change amount △ D less, working point from maximum power point M close to, now by described disturbance step change amount △ D and the comparison of described PWM carrier signal, the pwm control signal that output duty cycle is less, described DC/DC transformation of electrical energy circuit output voltage rising is slower, and slowly move to maximum power point M working point, reduces to follow the tracks of the vibration of power in peak power process.
6. a kind of small wind turbine maximum power tracking device as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that: described DC/DC transformation of electrical energy circuit adopts the Boost booster circuit being made up of electric capacity, resistance, inductance, electronic power switch, described Boost booster circuit receives described pwm control signal, if described pwm control signal is high level, described electronic power switch conducting, if pwm control signal is low level, described electronic power switch disconnects, thereby regulation output voltage and bearing power, complete maximal power tracing in real time.
7. a small wind turbine maximum power tracking method, comprises the steps:
Step 1, gathers output power P and the angular velocity W of described small wind turbine;
Step 2, obtains respective area ratio and output power difference according to the output power of gathered adjacent three working points and angular velocity, and then obtains disturbance step change amount;
Step 3, PWM controller is compared described disturbance step change amount with preset PWM carrier signal, produce pwm control signal;
Step 4, DC/DC transformation of electrical energy circuit receives pwm control signal, and regulation output voltage and bearing power, complete maximal power tracing in real time.
8. a kind of small wind turbine maximum power tracking method as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that: the value of described disturbance step change amount is △ D=a*S2/S1, wherein, first area of S1 for obtaining according to the output power of the first gathered working point and the second working point and angular velocity, S2 is for according to the output power of the second gathered working point and the 3rd working point and second area that angular velocity obtains, and disturbance sensitivity a is constant coefficient.
9. a kind of small wind turbine maximum power tracking method as claimed in claim 8, is characterized in that: described pwm control signal changes with described disturbance step change amount △ D.
10. a kind of small wind turbine maximum power tracking method as claimed in claim 9, it is characterized in that: in step 4, when working point from maximum power point M away from, described disturbance step change amount △ D is larger, now by disturbance step change amount △ D and preset PWM carrier signal comparison, the pwm control signal that output duty cycle is larger, described DC/DC transformation of electrical energy circuit output voltage raises comparatively fast, and working point is to maximum power point M fast moving; When described disturbance step change amount △ D less, working point from maximum power point M close to, now by described disturbance step change amount △ D and the comparison of PWM carrier signal, the pwm control signal that output duty cycle is less, the rising of DC/DC transformation of electrical energy circuit output voltage is slower, and slowly move to maximum power point M working point; Until complete the tracking of maximum power point.
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