CN103968879A - Area environmental protection monitoring method for power supply system - Google Patents
Area environmental protection monitoring method for power supply system Download PDFInfo
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- CN103968879A CN103968879A CN201410189387.XA CN201410189387A CN103968879A CN 103968879 A CN103968879 A CN 103968879A CN 201410189387 A CN201410189387 A CN 201410189387A CN 103968879 A CN103968879 A CN 103968879A
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Abstract
The invention provides an area environmental protection monitoring method for a power supply system, and particularly relates to a comprehensive environmental evaluation and pollution monitoring method of a power supply system. The method comprises the steps that real-time data collecting is conducted on the power supply system, collected parameter data are transmitted to a central controller which can process the uploaded data, the total factory comprehensive environmental evaluation index D of the power supply system is calculated, a supervision controller receives collected tail gas parameter data and the comprehensive environmental evaluation index D data calculated by the central controller, wherein a remote monitoring center of an environmental protection supervision department can set the monitoring parameter standard to a tail gas monitoring system according to national or local laws and rules, and supervise whether the parameters reach the standard or not; a power supply system remote monitoring center can monitor the total factory comprehensive environmental evaluation index of a power plant, and judge whether the comprehensive environmental evaluation index of the power supply system reaches the standard or not.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of electric power system region environment monitoring method, particularly relate to a kind of region environment monitoring method of electric power system.
Background technology
As everyone knows, problem of environmental pollution has become the major issue of restriction China economic development, in the energy-consuming of China, consumption of coal accounting is very high, particularly, China is that annual coal for power generation accounts for the half of the annual coal total amount of China taking coal generating as main country.Coal-burning power plant, in producing electric energy, also causes the massive discharge of pollutants such as flue dust, sulphuric dioxide, carbon dioxide, oxides of nitrogen and waste water.At present, coal-burning power plant is the final index using net coal consumption rate as examination power plant performance driving economy often, and net coal consumption rate does not consider that power plant moves the pollution that environment is caused, and does not also consider the problem such as use value of water resource.The implementation and the electric system that reduce discharging measure along with China's power plant for energy conservation are separated the factory and network, surf the Net at a competitive price the progressively enforcement of measure, if still using traditional net coal consumption rate as performance assessment criteria, or set it as power plant and optimize operation and the quotation foundation of rate for incorporation into the power network, not only do not meet reality, nor be beneficial to the improvement of environment and the improvement of pollutant, so should seek a kind of equipment of monitoring electric power system environmental economy index, and dynamically adjust the operation of electric power system with this, thereby accomplish that saving energy, lowering energy consumption and reducing pollutants discharge reduce pollution.
And electric power system itself to the supervision of self enterprise be lack mandatory and powered attendant-controlled wheelchairs, there is the not up to standard discharge behavior of stealing of tail gas in centre, this is contaminated environment not only, is difficult to especially supervision and punishment possibly, therefore, need a kind of special long distance control system for exhaust emissions.
Summary of the invention
The expense of electric power system electrical energy production is divided into energy cost, non-energy expense and environmental hazard expense three parts.Electric power system is produced electric energy and is wanted consume fuel and water resource, the energy cost part in thermoelectric power that Here it is production; For electric power system is normally moved, must there be wage, bonus, welfare of depreciation, maintenance, management and the personnel of factory building and equipment etc., Here it is so-called non-energy expense; Thermoelectric power has waste water, waste gas and waste residue to discharge in producing, formed environmental pollution expense.
Mainly consider in the present invention energy cost part and the environmental pollution expense part of electric power system, and these two expenses are analyzed and drawn from the operational factor of electric power system, evaluated.
Meanwhile, system of the present invention also comprises the supervisory systems of the supervision department of far-end, monitors and reports to the police for the tail gas index to electric power system and integrated environment evaluation index.
Invention major programme is as follows:
Scheme one:
A kind of electric power system region environment monitoring method, comprising: transmission system and warning system are sent in central controller, display unit, distance sensor unit, change, with the supervision controller, supervision display unit, supervision warning horn and the supervision standard input system that are positioned at environmental protection supervision department, the wherein operational factor of the each parts of distance sensor unit senses electric power system, the measured value that change send transmission system that sensing is come is transformed to standard electric signal and uploads to central controller, wherein only the parameter relevant with exhaust gas component is uploaded to supervision controller, central controller carries out computing to the parameter electric signal transmitting on these, and the full factory of electric power system integrated environment evaluation index is made to evaluation, central controller judges that whether electric power system integrated environment evaluation index is up to standard, if electric power system integrated environment evaluation index exceeds predetermined value, send alerting signal to warning system, warning horn triggers, and parts and anomaly parameter thereof show abnormality on display unit, calculating after electric power system integrated environment evaluation index simultaneously, electric power system integrated environment evaluation index is uploaded to supervision controller, supervision controller obtains after tail gas parameter and the full factory of electric power system integrated environment evaluation index, the supervision standard value that relatively whether tail gas parameter and the full factory of electric power system overall target meet the legal requirements, if it is not up to standard, send alerting signal to far-end warning horn, send information to central controller simultaneously, central controller is obtaining after feedback information trigger alarm and is showing that relevant information is in display unit, wherein the calculating of central controller and logical process mainly comprise:
The first step: based on steam turbine internal power W
i, steam turbine absolute internal efficiency η
i, boiler thermal output η
b, pipeline efficiency eta
p, steam turbine mechanical efficiency η
mwith efficiency of generator η
g, calculate plant thermal efficiency η
cp, wherein:
In formula: W
ifor steam turbine internal power, KJ/h;
,
be respectively the solidifying airshed of regenerative steam flows at different levels, exhaust condenser, kg/h;
,
be respectively the stream that draws gas at different levels, condensing flows the actual enthalpy drop in steam turbine, Kj/kg; Z is regenerative steam progression;
In formula:
for the heat consumption of steam turbine, KJ/h;
η
cp=η
bη
pη
iη
mη
g
In formula:
for boiler thermal output,
for pipeline efficiency,
for steam turbine mechanical efficiency,
for efficiency of generator;
Second step: calculate the full coal consumption amount B of factory based on plant thermal efficiency, and calculate the energy cost of fuel according to stock coal price
:
In formula:
for the electric power of Turbo-generator Set, kW;
for the net calorific value of coal for electric power system, kJ/kg;
The 3rd step: the emission behaviour of flue dust, sulphuric dioxide and the oxides of nitrogen of on-line real time monitoring smoke evacuation tail gas, determine the major pollutants content of smoke evacuation tail gas, and calculate charges for disposing pollutants use according to the content of these major pollutants and charges for disposing pollutants by collecting standard
;
The 4th step: the integrated environment evaluation index D that determines electric power system with following formula:
；
The 5th step: judge the environmental economy implementations of electric power system operation, in the time that D value is greater than the first predetermined value, during judging that now electric power system operates in and exceeds design and operation expense, in the state of uneconomical and not environmental protection;
The 6th step: the operational factor that checks item by item the projects such as boiler, pipe network and pump, superheater or reheater, steam turbine, generator, condenser or heat interchanger, economizer, tail gas treatment device and tail gas, compare with design load or the historical reference value of corresponding parameter by tabling look-up, if more than not exceeding the default percent value of design load or historical reference value in these operational factors, keep electric power system normally to move; If existed in these parameters more than the operational parameter value of at least one exceeded the default percent value of design load or historical reference value, so the state of relevant parameter and associated components is shown in display unit and to alarm and sends alerting signal, remind staff to note the state of associated components.
The 7th step: when after maintenance, system starts to enter next circulation from the first step again.
Scheme two:
According to the electric power system region environment monitoring method of scheme 1, wherein said supervision controller can monitor multiple electric power systems simultaneously.
Scheme three: according to the electric power system region environment monitoring method of scheme 2, the predetermined value of wherein environmental evaluation index D and exhaust emissions is that the limit value specifying according to national law or local law arranges, and complete setting at supervision controller end, and the design load of all the other parameters completes at central controller end.
Scheme two:
According to the electric power system region environment monitoring method of scheme 1, the default percent value of described integrated environment evaluation index D and the design load of each parameter or historical reference value can be adjusted setting according to the regulation of different regional laws and regulations, if what strictly above-mentioned numerical value can be arranged environmental requirement is lower, if the height that loosely above-mentioned numerical value can be arranged environmental requirement is a bit to reduce the sensitivity of system.
Scheme three:
According to a kind of electric power system region environment monitoring method of scheme 1, before entering next circulation, in the storer of central controller, record maintenance parts accumulative total is overhauled one of parameter that number of times puts on record as alarm indication.
Scheme four:
According to a kind of electric power system region environment monitoring method of scheme 1, maintenance wherein comprises the maintenance during on-bne repair and overhaul.
Scheme five
According to a kind of electric power system region environment monitoring method of scheme 1, wherein can manually arrange the deviation range of the default percent value of the design load of environmental evaluation index D and each parameter or history value, be for example set to 10%, 15% etc.
In another scheme, system can also be moved with following proposal:
Scheme six:
The first step: the predetermined value of environmental evaluation index D and exhaust emissions is set on controller in supervision, and described predetermined value is that the limit value specifying according to national law or local law arranges, and the design and operation parameter of the each parts of electric power system is set on central controller;
Second step: distance sensor unit is from the operational factor of electric power system sensing electric power system, and wherein parameter comprises each parts operational factor and tail gas parameter;
The 3rd step: the operational factor measured value that change send transmission system that sensing is come is transformed to standard electric signal and uploads to central controller, wherein the tail gas parameter relevant with exhaust gas component is uploaded to supervision controller;
The 4th step: central controller carries out computing to the standard electric signal of the operational factor transmitting on described, and the integrated environment evaluation index D of the full factory of electric power system is made to evaluation;
The 5th step: the integrated environment evaluation index D that central controller calculates the 3rd step is uploaded to supervision controller;
The 6th step: central controller judges whether integrated environment evaluation index D exceedes predetermined value, supervision controller judges whether tail gas parameter index and integrated environment evaluation index D exceed predetermined value;
The 7th step: exceed predetermined value if central controller judges integrated environment evaluation index D, find out so anomaly parameter, relevant parameter is shown in display unit and to alarm and sends alerting signal; If supervision controller judges that tail gas parameter index or integrated environment evaluation index D exceed predetermined value, send alerting signal to supervision warning horn, and show relevant information is shown in supervision display unit, simultaneously make central controller that relevant parameter is shown in display unit and to warning horn and sends alerting signal to central controller transmitted signal.
Scheme seven:
According to the region environment monitoring method of scheme six, wherein said supervision controller monitors multiple electric power systems simultaneously.
Scheme eight:
According to the kind region environment monitoring method of scheme seven, described integrated environment evaluation index D and each parameter predetermined value can be adjusted setting according to the regulation of different regional laws and regulations, if what strictly above-mentioned numerical value can be arranged environmental requirement is lower, if the height that loosely above-mentioned numerical value can be arranged environmental requirement is a bit to reduce the sensitivity of system.
In addition, at present, electric power system exhaust emission is mainly imposed sulphuric dioxide (SO
2), oxides of nitrogen (NO
x) and 3 charges for disposing pollutants of flue dust.Rush buck and pollute main suspension (SS), chemical oxygen demand (COD) (COD) and total 3 charges for disposing pollutants of arsenic imposed.Charges for disposing pollutants are used according to the kind discharging pollutants, quantity and are calculated and impose with pollutional equivalent; carry out the calculating of pollutant expense according to " collection of drainage dues standard and the computing method " of The Ministry of Finance of the People's Republic of China, MOF and State Environmental Protection Administration's formulation, and every equivalents expenses standard of various pollutants can be inputted central controller according to the mode arranging by parameter before the system that the is defined in startup of local law regulation.
Equivalents × every equivalents expenses standard of pollution charges use=this pollutant of certain pollutant.
Mainly consider in the present invention the equivalents of air pollution emission thing, the major pollutants that also water can be polluted if necessary or are if possible included limit of consideration in.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is electric power system unit arrangement plan typically;
Fig. 2 is electric power system system cost state diagram;
Fig. 3 is that electric power system actual motion expense is evaluated control system figure;
Fig. 4 is electric power system actual motion monitoring block scheme.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and example, the present invention is further detailed explanation.For making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.At this, schematic description and description of the present invention is used for explaining the present invention, but not as a limitation of the invention.
The present embodiment is a kind of thermal power plant region environment monitoring method, it is pointed out that the present embodiment is using a kind of embodiment of thermal power plant's electric power system in the present invention.
Fig. 1 represents to comprise the thermal power plant 1 of some steam turbine sections, and they are for different pressure design.These steam turbine sections are in series arranged on common axle 5.
In order to move, water is in the interior heating of steam boiler 7 and produce steam by live steam superheater 9.Superheated vapor is introduced high-pressure turbine section 13 as working steam by pipeline, and steam expands there.After expanding in high-pressure turbine section 13, part steam is introduced intermediate superheater 15 by the first cross over pipe 14, reheats there, then introduces in double-flow middle-pressure steam turbine section 17.Steam here reexpands, until regulation, present lower stress level.
Then, expand into the steam of lower pressure levels in middle-pressure steam turbine section 17, introducing by the second cross over pipe 21 connecting is in double-flow low-pressure turbine section 25 equally.
Drive the generator 29 of generation current by public axle 5.Expand and cooling after leave in the steam inflow condenser 31 of low-pressure turbine section 25, it condenses by heat is passed to surrounding environment there, and collects as liquid water.By condensate pump 33, water relay storage, in feed-tank 37, is then supplied with to steam boiler 7 by feed pump 39 and primary heater 35 again.Wherein primary heater 35 can be economizer, after the exhaust waste gas recycling flowing out and waste gas treatment equipment, discharges from chimney 71 through boiler.
After expansion stages, extraction steam pipe 41, after high-pressure turbine section 13 expansion stages, is exactly pressed flow technique before intermediate superheater 15, is connected with high-pressure turbine section 13.Being customer 49 by this extraction steam pipe 41 extracts needed steam after expanding high-pressure turbine section 13 from system.
Extraction steam pipe 41 imports in expander 43, expander thereby be connected with high-pressure turbine section 13.Expander 43 is designed to independent expansion of vapo(u)r turbine 44, the second generators 45 and is attached thereto.The steam extracting is inner at expansion of vapo(u)r turbine 44 is total system acting, and perfect condition expand into the level (pressure, temperature) that customer 49 is expected.Replace generator, also can arrange or connect applicable mechanical energy consumption device.
From expansion of vapo(u)r turbine 44, the factory steam expanding is further directly introduced to customer 49 through industrial steam pipe 47.It is for example designed to fuel treating equipment or is designed to flue gas processing device.Independent expansion of vapo(u)r turbine 44 is used in back pressure operation.In this case, at the final state point expanding, as far as possible directly corresponding to needed factory steam pressure, the customer 49 that therefore expansion of vapo(u)r turbine 44 is desirably connection provides the pressure and temperature level of needs.
In addition, heat is reclaimed in the condensation that optionally heat supply of thermal power plant not only comes from exhaust steam in steam turbine, also likely comes from that steam turbine intergrade is drawn gas or the steam of directly drawing from boiler enters heat interchanger with to heat supply network heat supply.Only come to heat supply network heat supply by exhaust steam condensation in the example depicted in fig. 1.
Tu2Shi thermal power plant system cost state diagram.As can be seen from the figure the expense of coal fired thermal power plant input is mainly for the fuel of fuel cost and inputs 201 expenses and the operating cost 202 for thermal power plant's day-to-day operation, and the capital cost of output can be divided into that heat is exported 204 expenses, electric energy exports 205 expenses and 206 expenses are exported in blowdown.Certainly at this, said input and output are to consider from the angle of energy flow, and in fact, fuel input expense, operating cost, blowdown output expense all need outside defrayment to realize, and these projects are negative incomes, are cost-effectivenes expenditures; And heat output expense and electric energy output expense are the launch return property income of thermal power plant to mains supply and heat supply network heat supply gained, accrued for just taking in.
Tu3Shi thermal power plant actual motion expense is evaluated control system schematic diagram.Central controller 303 receives from boiler 7, pipe network and pump, superheater 9, steam turbine 13, 17, 25, generator 29, condenser 31, economizer 35, tail gas treatment device 49, the sensor of tail gas etc. detects the parameter of gained to these parts, central controller is processed these parameters, and calculate the actual motion expense of thermal power plant, then compare by actual motion expense and design and operation expense, when the numerical value of actual motion expense higher than design and operation expense 5% time, the parameter of all parts is compared one by one and judged, find out poor efficiency or damage parts, and by corresponding component and corresponding parameter display on display unit 205, send alerting signal to warning horn 304, warning horn is reported to the police, remind staff to carry out inspection and maintenance.
In addition, central controller is accepted the input of external stability parameter, and other of the data setting of such as design parameter typing 301 and such as ature of coal parameter etc. arranges 302.
In addition, central controller 303 carries out communication with the supervision controller 307 of long-range environmental protection supervision department by wired or wireless network, tail gas parameter and integrated environment evaluation index are sent on supervision controller, and be shown on supervision display unit 308, supervision standard input system 308 can arrange the integrated environment evaluation index of thermal power plant's operation and the limits value of tail gas parameter index, in the time that the desired value of passing back from thermal power plant's central controller 303 is greater than index limits value, supervision controller 307 sends alerting signal to far-end warning horn, alarm sounded, and by corresponding thermal power plant's title, exceed standard parameter display in supervision display unit 307.
Tu4Shi thermal power plant actual motion expense is evaluated and operation block scheme, first In-put design parameter and system is carried out to initialization arrange 401 on central controller, then under the control of central controller, read distal sensor measurement parameter 402 from the collection of each parts: comprise coal-supplying amount, bed drain purge, deslagging temperature, boiler feed temperature, main steam enthalpy, reheated steam enthalpy, extraction temperature, extraction pressure, turbine discharge enthalpy, heat interchanger heat exchange amount, condenser heat exchange amount, each pipeline pressure and crushing, generator speed, generator power, exhaust temperature, tail gas humidity, tail gas is containing amount of sulfur dioxide, tail gas nitrogen-containing oxide amount, exhaust smoke dust quantity etc., after sensor measurement parameter, first tail gas related parameter is sent to supervision controller 306, gathering after above-mentioned data, central controller calculates thermal power plant's energy cost and thermal power plant's environmental costs 403 based on data, calculate again thermal power plant's actual motion expense 404, and calculate the integrated environment evaluation index of thermal power plant according to the actual motion expense of thermal power plant, calculating after the integrated environment evaluation index of thermal power plant, data upload to the supervision controller 306 of supervision department simultaneously, and central controller 303 utilizes actual integrated environment evaluation index to come comparison thermal power plant actual motion expense and design and operation expense 405, in the 406th step, judge the departure degree of actual motion expense and design and operation expense, see whether actual motion expense is greater than 5% of design and operation expense, if actual motion expense is to be greater than 5% of design and operation expense, carry out the judgement of operation exception situation, in the 407th step, check the parameter of thermal power plant's all parts, the parameter of described all parts is compared with corresponding design parameter, see whether actual parameter departs from design parameter more than 5%, in the 408th step, find out anomaly parameter, relevant parameter is shown in display unit and to alarm and sends alerting signal, in the 409th step, parts are overhauled or change extremely or damage in online or shutdown, otherwise keep thermal power plant's operation.
At the supervision controller end of supervision department, supervision controller 306 can compare catch the full factory of tail gas correlation parameter and the thermal power plant integrated environment evaluation index of coming and the desired indicator value of setting from 308 inputs of supervision standard input system from thermal power plant, if the actual parameter value of thermal power plant is greater than the desired indicator value of supervision standard input system input, the supervision controller 306 of far-end sends alerting signal to far-end warning horn 309, report to the police and trigger, and relevant for example thermal power plant information, the parameter information that exceeds standard etc. is shown in supervision display unit 307; Meanwhile, supervision controller can send signal to the central controller of thermal power plant's end, makes center-control send alerting signal to power plant's warning horn 304, also makes relevant information be presented in display unit simultaneously.
Be understandable that, those skilled in the art can change setting to the departure degree of above-mentioned index, for example, can be 5%, can be also 10%, 15% etc., and these complete in arranging and can the initialization in step 401 arranging.
The supervision index input system of supervision controller end can be set many kinds of parameters according to laws and regulations, and such as the desired value of the legal provisions of sulphuric dioxide, carbon dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, sulfuretted hydrogen etc. is carried out typing.
Be understandable that display unit and supervision display unit can carry out the demonstration of running status at ordinary times, this is the common technology means that it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that.
Although illustrated and described embodiments of the invention, for the ordinary skill in the art, be appreciated that without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention and can carry out multiple variation, amendment, replacement and modification to these embodiment, scope of the present invention is by claims and be equal to and limit.
Claims (3)
1. an electric power system region environment monitoring method, the method comprises the steps:
The first step: the predetermined value of environmental evaluation index D and exhaust emissions is set on controller in supervision, and described predetermined value is that the limit value specifying according to national law or local law arranges, and the design and operation parameter of the each parts of electric power system is set on central controller;
Second step: distance sensor unit is from the operational factor of electric power system sensing electric power system, and wherein parameter comprises each parts operational factor and tail gas parameter;
The 3rd step: the operational factor measured value that change send transmission system that sensing is come is transformed to standard electric signal and uploads to central controller, wherein the tail gas parameter relevant with exhaust gas component is uploaded to supervision controller;
The 4th step: central controller carries out computing to the standard electric signal of the operational factor transmitting on described, and the integrated environment evaluation index D of the full factory of electric power system is made to evaluation;
The 5th step: the integrated environment evaluation index D that central controller calculates the 3rd step is uploaded to supervision controller;
The 6th step: central controller judges whether integrated environment evaluation index D exceedes predetermined value, supervision controller judges whether tail gas parameter index and integrated environment evaluation index D exceed predetermined value;
The 7th step: exceed predetermined value if central controller judges integrated environment evaluation index D, find out so anomaly parameter, relevant parameter is shown in display unit and to alarm and sends alerting signal; If supervision controller judges that tail gas parameter index or integrated environment evaluation index D exceed predetermined value, send alerting signal to supervision warning horn, and show relevant information is shown in supervision display unit, simultaneously make central controller that relevant parameter is shown in display unit and to warning horn and sends alerting signal to central controller transmitted signal.
2. according to the electric power system region environment monitoring method of claim 1, wherein said supervision controller monitors multiple electric power systems simultaneously.
3. according to the electric power system region environment monitoring method of claim 2, described integrated environment evaluation index D and each parameter predetermined value can be adjusted setting according to the regulation of different regional laws and regulations, if what strictly above-mentioned numerical value can be arranged environmental requirement is lower, if the height that loosely above-mentioned numerical value can be arranged environmental requirement is a bit to reduce the sensitivity of system.
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