CN103960020A

CN103960020A - Lotus root triple-cropping cultivation technique

Info

Publication number: CN103960020A
Application number: CN201410204809.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 黄阳成; 韦启光; 翁春英; 蒙日业; 喻忠刚; 农吉; 覃金桥; 李克
Original assignee: Agricultural [technology Center Liuzhou City
Current assignee: Agricultural [technology Center Liuzhou City
Priority date: 2014-05-15
Filing date: 2014-05-15
Publication date: 2014-08-06

Abstract

A lotus root triple-cropping cultivation technique includes the steps of A, seed selection, B, field selection, C, soil preparation and base fertilizer applying, D, sowing, E, field management, F, harvest and seed reserving for planting and the like. According to the lotus root triple-cropping cultivation technique, early-maturing variety selection, spring lotus root and summer lotus root planting during a specific time, sowing quantity, cultivation density and fertilizing amount increasing and other measures are adopted, so that based on double cropping, lotus root triple-cropping cultivation can be achieved, that is, a person can plant and harvest the lotus roots three times in one year in the same field, a traditional agricultural production farming mode is changed, the agricultural production resources are fully utilized, the multiple-cropping index is increased, the yield production per unit area is increased greatly, benefits are improved greatly, product supply is enriched, the continuous growing market demands are met, the development of the relevant sidelines are promoted, and the sustainability development of the lotus root industry is promoted by returning lotus leaves to the field and repairing fertility soil fertility.

Description

One three season of lotus rhizome culture technique

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of agriculture cultivation technology, particularly a kind of three season of lotus rhizome culture technique.

Background technology

Lotus rhizome belongs to nymphaeaceae plant, and lotus root is micro-sweet and crisp, and can eat raw also and can cook, and medical value is quite high, its root leaf, flowers and fruits, all can nourish and be used as medicine; Make powder with lotus root, the antidiarrheal that can help digestion, appetizing heat-clearing, nourishing is nourished one's nature, and prevention internal haemorrhage is the first-class supping of the virgin old woman of women and children, valetudinarian and nourish good treasure.Lotus root originates in India, introduces afterwards China, and all there is plantation on the ground such as the current Hubei in China, Shandong, Henan, Hunan, Hebei, Guangdong, Guangxi, national lotus rhizome cultivated area approximately 330,000 h m ²above, be the cultivar of area and output maximum in aquatic vegetable.

Lotus rhizome happiness temperature, is suitable for being stabilized in more than 13 DEG C at daily mean temperature, paddy field soil temperature reaches more than 10 DEG C, cultivate in the paddy field piece of farming layer depth 20～30cm; Due to the impact of climatic factor, most domestic area is the cropping system of season cultivation, the i.e. interior plantation of same Tian Yinian and the lotus rhizome of gathering at present, and generally, in field planting in 3～April, gather 7～August.Liuzhou is the main producing region that scale is cultivated lotus rhizome in flakes, area reaches more than 2.5 ten thousand mu in flakes, in order to meet the need of market, lotus rhizome double cropping cropping system was groped out in recent years on season cultivation basis by agricultural sector of Liuzhou City, it is the cropping system of the interior plantation of same Tian Yinian and twice lotus rhizome of gathering, wherein: the spring lotus root, 2～April plantation, gather July; Autumn lotus root, July plantation, gather spring in autumn and winter to next year.

Seasonal cultivation relatively, double cropping had both improved the availability in soil, had increased again output and benefit; But due in double cropping spring lotus root and the autumn lotus root from plant long for a long time to midwifery, therefore still there is the problem that agricultural production resource utilization is low, can not meet the lotus rhizome market demand.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is to provide on the basis of double cropping a kind of three season of lotus rhizome culture technique, to make full use of agricultural production resource, change agricultural production farming pattern, raise the multiple-cropping index and single rate, meet the demand in lotus rhizome market.

The technical scheme that the present invention takes: a kind of three season of lotus rhizome culture technique, comprise the following steps:

A, seed selection

Kind: the precocious lotus root varieties of selecting high yield, high-quality, strong stress resistance, wide adaptability, require after field planting in 60 days～70 days, the Internode diameter that expands forming is not less than 4cm, and internode number is no less than the lotus rhizome cultivar of 3 joints, taking Hubei Province lotus No. seven, E Lian No. 5 for first-selection;

Kind of lotus root: select to have two joints above fully ripe, terminal bud is complete, full, not damaged, without damage by disease and insect, do kind of a lotus root without the main lotus root of rotting or sub-lotus root;

B, select field

Selecting the soil texture is loam or clay, farming layer depth 20～30cm, and the content of organic matter is more than 2%, and water source irrigation and drainage are convenient, have the field of long-term maintenance 5～30cm profundal zone;

C, whole ground, basal dressing

1) basal dressing: first 15 days basal dressings of field planting, in conjunction with ploughing whole ground, execute well-rotted farmyard manure 2000kg+ potassium sulfate 15 kg+ fused calcium magnesium phosphate 50 kg～75 kg+ boron fertilizer 1.5 kg for every mu;

2) wholely: after base manure is used, deep ploughing 20～30cm, rake is carefully raked; Field planting harrows a field in first 1～2 day for the second time, and the depth of water remains on 3～5cm, eliminates limit, field weeds, carries out rural area clean;

D, field planting

1) the field planting time:

Spring lotus root mid-February to late Febuary daily mean temperature be stabilized in more than 13 DEG C, paddy field soil temperature reaches more than 10 DEG C;

Summer lotus root in the first tenday period of a month in May to mid-May;

Autumn, lotus root was in mid-July;

2) plantation density and lotus rhizome amount:

Spring lotus root: line-spacing 50～70cm, field axis two every trades are apart from 1.0～1.2m, spacing in the rows 40～50cm, every mu of 1900～2300 strains of planting, every mu of lotus rhizome amount is 650～750kg;

Summer lotus root: line-spacing 60～70cm, field axis two every trades are apart from 1.0～1.2m, spacing in the rows 50～60cm, every mu of 1800～2200 strains of planting, every mu of lotus rhizome amount is 500～600kg;

Autumn lotus root: line-spacing 60～70cm, field axis two every trades are apart from 1.0～1.2m, spacing in the rows 50～60cm, every mu of 1800～2200 strains of planting; Every mu of lotus rhizome amount is 500～600kg;

3) field planting method: when plantation, the downward oblique cutting of lotus root head buries, lotus root body embedded depth 5～10cm, terminal bud upwards, the last micro-mud extraction face that sticks up of rhizoma nelumbinis, front and back form the inclination angle of 20～30 ° with ground level, and in the planting pit of field surrounding row, lotus root head is all in field, and in field, field planting row discharges relatively from both sides respectively;

E, field management

1) water management

Spring lotus root, summer, lotus root adopted the water level of " shallow-dark-shallow " to regulate irrigation method: field planting remains on 3～5cm to sprouting field water level, remain on 5～10cm in vertical leaf pumping to starting to seal row field water level, field Feng Hanghou water level remains on 20～25cm, and knot lotus root phase field water level remains on 5～7cm;

The water level of autumn lotus root employing " dark-dark-shallow " regulates irrigation method: field planting remains on 8～10cm to sprouting field water level, and after vertical leaf pumping, field water level remains on 20～25cm, ties lotus root phase field water level and remains on 3～5cm;

2) topdress

After 1st～2 vertical leaf pumpings, topdress for the first time, every mu imposes urea 15kg or well-rotted farmyard manure 1500kg; In the time that rear leaf occurs, impose for the second time, every mu imposes urea and the each 20kg of potassium sulfate, boron fertilizer 1.5kg;

3) weeding

Before field planting, in conjunction with ploughing whole weeding a garden;

After field planting, manually weed out the rank grass in conjunction with topdressing to Feng Hangqian, in the time that the continuous occurrence degree of water reaches 30%, water level is down to after 5cm, every mu is watered 50kg with copper sulphate 160g and pours controlling weeds, and every 7 days once, uses 2～3 times;

4) extermination of disease and insect pest

According to the plant protection policy of " putting prevention first, integrated control ", preferentially select cultural control, physical control, biological control, rationally use chemical pesticide control;

F, gather and reserve seed for planting

Spring lotus root: gather May, gathers the last week, ground lotus stem is prescinded, to reduce the iron rust of lotus root epidermis, also field of lotus stem, lotus leaf;

Main lotus root is the listing of commodity lotus root, and sub-lotus root is as summer lotus root lotus root kind;

Summer lotus root: gather July, gathers the last week, ground lotus stem is prescinded, to reduce the iron rust of lotus root epidermis, also field of lotus stem, lotus leaf;

Main lotus root is the listing of commodity lotus root, and sub-lotus root is as autumn lotus root lotus root kind;

Autumn lotus root: before spring rudiment in early October to next year, all can gather, main lotus root is commodity lotus root listing, and sub-lotus root is as spring lotus root lotus root kind; During as frost, before frost occurs, poured water in lotus root field or cover with straw; Seed field selects well-grown, without the field of damage by disease and insect, the autumn lotus root stay Tian Bushou, to before spring in next year kind lotus root with digging, with choosing, with kind;

Spring lotus root, when the Xia Ouhe autumn, lotus root was gathered, with Li Ye and the direction that stops leaf, as the mark that digs lotus root, keep lotus root to prop up complete, without obvious scar.

Its further technical scheme is: described step C, whole ground, basal dressing also comprise: to before the field planting of continuous cropping lotus root Tian Chun lotus root when whole ground, execute quicklime powder 50kg for every mu.

Its further technical scheme be: described step D, field planting also comprise sterilizes to lotus root kind: before field planting, lotus root kind is soaked to 20～30min with 800 times of liquid of 75% thiophanate methyl wetting powder.

Its further technical scheme be: cultural control described in step e, field management, physical control, biological control, the specifically method of preventing and treating of chemical pesticide control is:

1) cultural control

Comprise: the good early-maturing variety of selecting high resistance/resistance to disease; Rationally carry out rotation of crops crop rotation, advocate rice field-upland field rotation; Select anosis field to make seed field, plant anosis kind of lotus root;

Clean rural area, manual removal prodenia litura pieces of an egg and larva are concentrated the blade of harm, strengthen weeding, reduce disease worm source;

2) physical control

With frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp insect-killing trapping adult, the yellow plate trapping of deployment alatae;

3) biological control

Use the biopesticides such as agricultural streptomycin, new phytomycin, bacillus thuringiensis,Bt (Bt) preparation and property to lure technology prevention damage by disease and insect;

4) chemical pesticide control

Control rot: use at the initial stage of a disease 75% thiophanate methyl wetting powder, mix fine earth and spread fertilizer over the fields in lotus root field;

Prevent and treat virus disease: with 600 times of sprayings of 20% viral A wetting powder;

Prevent and treat brown spot: with 600 times of sprayings of 75% Da Kening tpn wetting powder;

Prevent and treat epidemic disease: with 500 times of sprayings of 70% mancozeb wettable powder;

Anti-eliminating aphis: with 2000 times of sprayings of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder;

Control Pomacea canaliculata: splash with 100 times of tea bran soaks of tea bran.

Owing to adopting technique scheme, the present invention's three season of a kind of lotus rhizome culture technique has following beneficial effect:

1. due to the present invention's three season of a kind of lotus rhizome culture technique, adopted and selected early-maturing variety, planted, strengthened the measures such as sowing quantity, planting density and fertilizing amount in the specific time:

Select early-maturing variety, can shorten vegetative period, two lotus root mid-February to late Febuaries last month of spring plant, and gather May; The plantation in May of summer lotus root, gather July (and spring lotus root plantation in 2～April in double cropping, gather July);

The reason that strengthens sowing quantity and planting density is: due in three seasons spring lotus root and the summer lotus root short vegetative period, can promote early growth and quick tiller by strengthening sowing quantity and planting density, improve output;

Strengthen base manure and the consumption (larger than the spring lotus root in two seasons) that topdresses, object is to promote lotus root kind early growth and quick tiller, and knot lotus root is fast, strong, large;

Owing to taking above-mentioned measure, thereby can be on double cropping basis, realize lotus rhizome three seasons cultivation, the i.e. lotus rhizome of can planting and gather three times in same Tian Yinian, change traditional agricultural production farming pattern, make full use of agricultural production resource, raise the multiple-cropping index;

2. compared with traditional planting technology, the present invention's three season of a kind of lotus rhizome culture technique not only can increase substantially yield per unit area and benefit, enrich product supply, meet the ever-increasing market demand, drive the development of relevant sideline production, as increased the converted products raw materials such as lotus leaf tea lotus root starch, and by also field of lotus leaf, can repair and culture fertility, promote the sustainable development of Lotus Industry;

Three seasons cultivations and double cropping Efficiency Comparison referring to subordinate list 1(because the autumn lotus root in three seasons is cultivated and synchronizes with the autumn lotus root in two seasons, output is identical with economic benefit, therefore only by the spring lotus root in three seasons, summer lotus root economic benefit with in two seasons spring lotus root economic benefit compare);

3. because the present invention's three season of a kind of lotus rhizome culture technique has strengthened field axis two every trade distances in plantation, not only can ensure that field axis has sufficient space (while plantation due to lotus rhizome, for avoiding lotus root to be with to the field basal growth phase, to require kind of a lotus root put and put plantation from both sides, field to Tanaka's direction to Tanaka's direction by lotus rhizome growth; All put to Tanaka, during to field axis, two row lotus rhizome growths will be to relative growth, and therefore field axis reserves the line-spacing wider than other line-spacing, is beneficial to illumination and knot lotus root space), further to improve output, and be conducive to field management;

4. the present invention's three season of a kind of lotus rhizome culture technique can meet the area popularization that after February, daily mean temperature is stabilized in more than 13 DEG C, paddy field soil temperature reaches more than 10 DEG C cultivation conditions.

Below in conjunction with embodiment to the present invention three season of a kind of lotus rhizome culture technique technical characterictic be further described.

Embodiment

Embodiment mono-:

Between 2011～2012 years, cooperate with vegetables Science Institute of Hubei Province, Wuhan Vegetable Research Institute, the edible lotus rhizome new varieties such as No. 5, No. 6, E Lian, No. 7, E Lian, 03-13 of having introduced Hubei Province lotus, since 2012 successively in committee of Bai Peng village, Liujiang County under Bie Tun, Huai Hong village human relations village implement.

2012, kind in implementing in lotus root field at Bai Peng village, Bai Peng town, Liujiang County Wei, 5 mu of areas; Adopt Hubei Province lotus No. 5, No. 7 two kinds of E Lian; Cultivation mode: outdoor cropping; Wherein:

Spring lotus root: February 15 plantation, May 15 gather; Average every per mu yield: 1150kg;

Summer lotus root: May 16 plantation, July 16 gather; Average every per mu yield: 1920kg;

Autumn lotus root: July plantation; Average every per mu yield: 1320kg(kind is planted to gather and all synchronizeed with double cropping).

Embodiment bis-:

Human relations village enforcement under Bie Tun, Huai Hong village in committee of Bai Peng village, Liujiang County in 2013,54 mu of areas, adopt Hubei Province lotus No. 7, No. 5, E Lian, No. 6 three kinds of E Lian; Cultivation mode: outdoor cropping; Wherein:

Spring lotus root: be on February 18th, 2013 planting season, picking time be-26 days on the 13rd May in 2013 (May 24 Technology Bureau of Liuzhou City organize field survey produce) average yield per mu 1019kg.

Summer lotus root: be-26 days on the 13rd May in 2013 planting season, picking time be-20 days on the 12nd July in 2013 (July 11 Technology Bureau of Liuzhou City organize field survey produce) average yield per mu 1840kg.

Autumn lotus root: planting season :-20 days on the 12nd July in 2013; Average every per mu yield: 1320kg(kind is planted to gather and all synchronizeed with double cropping).

In above embodiment mono-～embodiment bis-, the culture technique adopting is three season of a kind of lotus rhizome culture technique described in the present patent application, comprises the following steps: