CN103956710A - Battery charging and discharging protection method and battery management system - Google Patents
Battery charging and discharging protection method and battery management system Download PDFInfo
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- CN103956710A CN103956710A CN201410159162.XA CN201410159162A CN103956710A CN 103956710 A CN103956710 A CN 103956710A CN 201410159162 A CN201410159162 A CN 201410159162A CN 103956710 A CN103956710 A CN 103956710A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a battery charging and discharging protective method. The method includes the steps that a battery management system obtains current feature parameters of a battery; the battery management system determines a battery protection threshold value corresponding to the current obtained feature parameters according to the mapping relation between preset feature parameters and the battery protective threshold value; the battery management system collects the voltage value and/or the current value of the battery; the battery management system compares the determined battery protection threshold value with the collected voltage value and/or the collected current value and conducts switch-off control over a charging circuit and a discharging circuit according to the comparison result. The invention further discloses the battery management system. By means of the battery charging and discharging protective method and the battery management system, the battery protective threshold value corresponding to the current obtained feature parameters is dynamically determined according to the mapping relation between the preset feature parameters and the battery protection threshold value, the charging circuit and the discharging circuit can be more accurately controlled, and the service life of the battery is prolonged.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of power supplies, specially refer to a kind of battery charging and discharging guard method and battery management system.
Background technology
Adopt battery more and more as the electronic product of power supply or stand-by power supply.Battery in use; through charging process and discharge process; when battery discharge is excessive or when overcharged; infringement battery itself that can be serious; affect capacity and the life-span of battery; even affect reliability and the fail safe of whole electronic product, therefore, need to carry out charge protection and discharge prevention to battery.For example: in the communications field, the power supply of communication base station generally comprises Alternating Current Power Supply subsystem, direct current supply subsystem, distribution subsystem and ground connection subsystem, and Alternating Current Power Supply subsystem and direct current supply subsystem all require to be equipped with stand-by power supply, Alternating Current Power Supply subsystem generally adopts free of discontinuities power-supply system (Uninterruptible Power Supply, UPS) as stand-by power supply, and direct current supply subsystem generally adopts batteries (also referred to as base station backup battery group or base station backup batteries) as stand-by power supply.The back-up source of base station is the critical infrastructures of communication network, under the unexpected power-down conditions of civil power, in order to ensure the data in the key equipment such as crucial charge system, user's Accreditation System and to serve and do not lose, do not interrupt, crucial alternating current equipment and DC equipment that UPS and battery pack can be respectively in base station provide electric power safeguard.The significance level of communication equipment has determined the significance level of stand-by power supply, and in order to ensure reliable charging time, the functional reliability of battery pack requires very high.In addition, along with the 4th third generation mobile communication network Long Term Evolution (Long Term Envolution, LTE) commercial gradually, in order to save communication base station site resource, 2G/3G/4G base station majority is colocation site layout, causes base station station space requirement at full stretch, requires battery pack volume as far as possible little, weight as far as possible light, capacity is tried one's best greatly, and this reliability that has all increased battery pack ensures difficulty.
At present, communication backup battery group mainly comprises lead-acid batteries and lithium ion battery group.Lead-acid batteries is used simple with it, the advantage extensive use such as cheap, and lithium ion battery (especially taking ferric phosphate lithium cell as example) is although at equal voltage, volume and weight under equal capacity conditions is generally 1/3rd to 1/2nd left and right of lead-acid battery group, the industrial cycle life-span is 5 times of left and right of lead-acid battery group, operating temperature range is wider, and there is no heavy metal pollution and acid solution leakage etc., but the capacity of lithium ion battery, the aspects such as life and reliability easily overcharged (abbreviation overcharges), the impact of over-discharge can (be called for short and put), so lithium ion battery group generally all needs reliable battery management system BMS(Battery Management System, BMS) carrying out management talent normally works.BMS system mainly comprises microcontroller (Micro Control Unit, MCU), mos field effect transistor (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor, MOSFET) is called for short module and the devices such as metal-oxide-semiconductor, various observation circuits.In the communication backup battery group based on lithium ion battery, mainly comprise lithium ion battery group and BMS, when charging, lithium ion battery group is chemical energy by power storage under BMS monitoring, and when electric discharge, lithium ion battery group is released to electric energy by chemical energy under BMS monitoring.Particularly, voltage, the charging and discharging currents of BMS Real-Time Monitoring battery, control charging and discharging state, to overcharging, cross put, the event implementation protection such as short circuit, ensure that whole battery pack is normal, steady operation.The process that BMS realizes the protections such as charging and discharging (abbreviation discharges and recharges) is that: MCU waits the running parameter (comprising voltage, electric current, temperature etc.) of circuit Real-Time Monitoring battery pack by sampling; MCU compares according to the protection thresholding of certain algorithm and various battery parameters; and then output control signal; by control circuit control battery charge and discharge process, protection battery pack is normal, reliably working.BMS system depends on the Real-Time Monitoring value of battery parameter on the one hand; depend on the other hand the protection thresholding of battery parameter; the course of work, operational environment that but the key property of lithium ion battery is battery performance have been experienced to battery are strictly relevant; the course of work mainly refers to discharge and recharge number of times, charge and discharge process etc.; and operational environment mainly refers to ambient temperature, humidity, air pressure etc., these factors directly affect battery performance.In the prior art, the scheme of battery being carried out to charge protection and discharge prevention is: adopt fixing shutter limit value, taking ferric phosphate lithium cell as example, as the charge protection voltage threshold that single battery is set is 3.65V, discharge prevention voltage threshold is 2.5V, when battery is in the time charging, as long as charging voltage is higher than 3.65V, capital cuts off charge circuit and stops charging, and no matter some external factors, as the self-temperature of battery, ambient temperature, the service condition of battery, but these external factors are exactly very large on the impact in useful life of battery, therefore, fixing charge protection voltage of employing is in the time carrying out charge protection to battery, can not at utmost improve the useful life of battery, in like manner, when battery is in the time discharging, as long as lower than 2.5V, all can cutting off discharge loop, discharge voltage stops electric discharge, and no matter some external factors, as the service condition of the self-temperature of battery, ambient temperature, battery.Therefore, adopt fixing protection thresholding in the time that battery is carried out to charge and discharge protecting, can not at utmost improve the useful life of battery.
Foregoing only, for auxiliary understanding technical scheme of the present invention, does not represent and admits that foregoing is prior art.
Summary of the invention
Main purpose of the present invention, for a kind of battery charging and discharging guard method is provided, is intended to battery to carry out charge and discharge protecting, more reasonably utilizes the capacity of battery, improves useful life and the reliability of battery.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of battery charging and discharging guard method, the method comprises:
Battery management system obtains the current characteristic parameter of battery;
Battery management system is according to the mapping relations of default characteristic parameter and battery protection threshold value, battery protection threshold value corresponding to current characteristic parameter of obtaining described in determining;
Battery management system gathers magnitude of voltage and/or the current value of battery;
Battery management system compares the described battery protection threshold value of determining and magnitude of voltage and/or the current value of collection, and according to comparative result, charge circuit and discharge loop is turn-offed to control.
Preferably, described definite battery protection threshold value comprises voltage protection threshold value and/or current protection threshold value, wherein:
Voltage protection threshold value comprises single battery under-voltage protection threshold value, single battery overvoltage protection threshold value, battery pack under-voltage protection threshold value and/or battery pack overvoltage protection threshold value;
Current protection threshold value comprises battery power discharge current protection threshold value and/or batteries charging current protection threshold value.
Preferably, the magnitude of voltage of described collection comprises single battery magnitude of voltage and/or battery voltage value; The current value of described collection comprises batteries charging current value and/or battery power discharge current value.
Preferably, described current characteristic parameter comprises temperature and/or current battery charging and discharging cycle-index.
Preferably, described temperature comprises device temperature used in the ambient temperature of battery battery core temperature, battery present position and/or battery management system.
Preferably, described battery management system compares described battery protection threshold value and magnitude of voltage and/or the current value of collection determined, and the step of charge circuit and discharge loop being turn-offed to control according to comparative result comprises:
In charging process, battery management system compares the described single battery overvoltage protection threshold value of determining and the single battery magnitude of voltage of described collection and/or the battery voltage value of described definite battery pack overvoltage protection threshold value and described collection is compared; If the single battery magnitude of voltage of described collection is greater than the battery voltage value of definite described single battery overvoltage protection threshold value and/or described collection and is greater than described definite battery pack overvoltage protection threshold value, described battery management system turn-offs control to charge circuit;
In discharge process, battery management system compares the described single battery under-voltage protection threshold value of determining and the single battery magnitude of voltage of described collection and/or the battery voltage value of described definite battery pack under-voltage protection threshold value and described collection is compared; If the single battery magnitude of voltage of described collection is less than the battery voltage value of definite described single battery under-voltage protection threshold value and/or described collection and is less than described definite battery pack under-voltage protection threshold value, described battery management system turn-offs control to discharge loop.
Preferably, described battery management system compares described battery protection threshold value and magnitude of voltage and/or the current value of collection determined, and the step of charge circuit and discharge loop being turn-offed to control according to comparative result comprises:
In charging process, battery management system compares the described batteries charging current protection threshold value of determining and the batteries charging current value of described collection, if the batteries charging current value of described collection is greater than definite described batteries charging current protection threshold value, described battery management system turn-offs control to charge circuit;
In discharge process; battery management system compares the described battery power discharge current protection threshold value of determining and the battery power discharge current value of described collection; if the battery power discharge current value of described collection is greater than definite described battery power discharge current protection threshold value, described battery management system turn-offs control to discharge loop.
Preferably, described battery management system is according to the mapping relations of default characteristic parameter and battery protection threshold value, and battery protection threshold value corresponding to current characteristic parameter of obtaining described in determining refers to: temperature allowed range is [T
1, T
2], battery charging and discharging cycle-index allowed band is [C
1, C
2], battery protection threshold value allowed band is [P
1, P
2], scope [p under definite battery protection threshold value p
1, p
2] and the affiliated temperature range [t of Current Temperatures t
1, t
2] and the affiliated scope [c of current battery charging and discharging cycle-index c
1, c
2] there is one-to-one relationship, if current electro-temperature t meets t ∈ [t
1, t
2] and/or current battery charging and discharging cycle-index c meet c ∈ [c
1, c
2], c
1≤ c≤c
2, definite battery protection threshold value p meets p ∈ [p
1, p
2]; Wherein:
Preferably, described battery management system is according to the mapping relations of default characteristic parameter and battery protection threshold value, and the step of the battery protection threshold value that the current characteristic parameter that obtains described in determining is corresponding comprises:
The current characteristic parameter obtaining is sent to host computer by described battery management system, for host computer according to the mapping relations of default characteristic parameter and battery protection threshold value, battery protection threshold value corresponding to current characteristic parameter obtained described in determining;
Described battery management system receives from described host computer the battery protection threshold value that current characteristic parameter is corresponding.
The present invention further provides a kind of battery management system, this system comprises:
Acquisition module, for obtaining the current characteristic parameter of battery;
Determination module, for according to the mapping relations of default characteristic parameter and battery protection threshold value, battery protection threshold value corresponding to current characteristic parameter of obtaining described in determining;
Acquisition module, for gathering magnitude of voltage and/or the current value of battery;
Control module, for the described battery protection threshold value of determining and magnitude of voltage and/or the current value of collection are compared, and turn-offs control according to comparative result to charge circuit and discharge loop.
Adopt the present invention, battery management system obtains the current characteristic parameter of battery; Battery management system is according to the mapping relations of default characteristic parameter and battery protection threshold value, battery protection threshold value corresponding to current characteristic parameter of obtaining described in determining; Battery management system gathers magnitude of voltage and/or the current value of battery; Battery management system compares the described battery protection threshold value of determining and magnitude of voltage and/or the current value of collection, and according to comparative result, charge circuit and discharge loop is turn-offed to control.In the present invention; according to the mapping relations of default characteristic parameter and battery protection threshold value; dynamic definite battery protection threshold value corresponding to current characteristic parameter of obtaining; can control discharge loop and charge circuit more accurately; thereby more reasonably utilize the capacity of battery, improve useful life and the reliability of battery.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the preferred embodiment schematic flow sheet of battery charging and discharging guard method of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the preferred embodiment structural representation of battery management system of the present invention.
Realization, functional characteristics and the advantage of the object of the invention, in connection with embodiment, are described further with reference to accompanying drawing.
Embodiment
Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein, only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
The invention provides a kind of battery charging and discharging guard method, with reference to Fig. 1, in one embodiment, the method comprises:
S10, battery management system obtain the current characteristic parameter of battery.
This battery can be lithium battery, and lithium battery has that operating voltage is high, volume is little, quality is light, energy is high, memory-less effect, the advantage such as have extended cycle life, and its application is more and more extensive.This battery can be single battery or battery pack.In order to realize different battery capacities, single battery is made up of a batteries conventionally, or composes in parallel (why being still called single battery, is because voltage is constant after in parallel) by multiple batteries, after multiple single battery series connection, obtains battery pack.
The current characteristic parameter of this battery comprises temperature and/or current battery charging and discharging cycle-index.This temperature comprises device temperature used in the ambient temperature of battery battery core temperature, battery present position and/or battery management system.This battery management system can gather device temperature used in the ambient temperature of battery battery core temperature, battery present position and battery management system by temperature sensor, this device comprises inductance, metal-oxide-semiconductor or fin, this battery management system can obtain current battery charging and discharging cycle-index by counting unit, for example, this counting unit can be according to the conducting of charge circuit and discharge loop and disconnection, charge and discharge electric weight and count current battery charging and discharging cycle-index.
The current characteristic parameter of this battery can also comprise ambient humidity, the air pressure etc. of battery present position, and this battery management system is by the ambient humidity of humidity sensor measurement battery present position.
The current characteristic parameter of this battery can be divided into discharge characteristic parameter and charging characteristic parameter, this discharge characteristic parameter can be identical or different with charging feature, as this discharge characteristic parameter can comprise temperature and current battery charging and discharging cycle-index, this charging characteristic parameter can comprise the ambient humidity of temperature and battery present position.
In this step S10, this battery management system can be in real time or according to the current characteristic parameter of Preset Time interval timing acquisition battery, if this Preset Time interval can be 10 seconds.
S20, battery management system, according to the mapping relations of default characteristic parameter and battery protection threshold value, are determined the battery protection threshold value that this current characteristic parameter obtaining is corresponding.
This definite battery protection threshold value comprises voltage protection threshold value and/or current protection threshold value, wherein: voltage protection threshold value comprises single battery under-voltage protection threshold value, single battery overvoltage protection threshold value, battery pack under-voltage protection threshold value and/or battery pack overvoltage protection threshold value; Current protection threshold value comprises battery power discharge current protection threshold value and/or batteries charging current protection threshold value.
The mapping relations of the characteristic parameter that this is default and battery protection threshold value can arrange according to actual needs.
Be temperature as worked as characteristic parameter, when battery protection threshold value is single battery under-voltage protection threshold value, the mapping relations of this default characteristic parameter and battery protection threshold value are: the mapping relations of temperature and single battery under-voltage protection threshold value, in the specific implementation, this temperature can be battery battery core temperature, device temperature used in the ambient temperature of battery present position or battery management system, be preferably battery battery core temperature, the mapping relations of this temperature and single battery under-voltage protection threshold value can be subdivided into: the mapping relations (as shown in Table 1) of battery battery core temperature and single battery under-voltage protection threshold value, the mapping relations of the ambient temperature of battery present position and single battery under-voltage protection threshold value, the mapping relations of device temperature used and single battery under-voltage protection threshold value in battery management system.
When characteristic parameter is temperature, when battery protection threshold value is battery power discharge current protection threshold value, the mapping relations of this default characteristic parameter and battery protection threshold value are: the mapping relations of temperature and battery power discharge current protection threshold value, in the specific implementation, this temperature can be battery battery core temperature, device temperature used in the ambient temperature of battery present position or battery management system, the mapping relations of this temperature and battery power discharge current protection threshold value can be subdivided into: the mapping relations (as shown in Table 2) of battery battery core temperature and battery power discharge current protection threshold value, the mapping relations of the ambient temperature of battery present position and battery power discharge current protection threshold value, the mapping relations of device temperature used and battery power discharge current protection threshold value in battery management system.
In the time that characteristic parameter be battery present position ambient humidity, battery protection threshold value is single battery under-voltage protection threshold value, the mapping relations of the characteristic parameter that this is default and battery protection threshold value are: the mapping relations of the ambient humidity of battery present position and single battery under-voltage protection threshold value; Etc..
Table one:
Table two:
In this step S20, according to the mapping relations of default characteristic parameter and battery protection threshold value, determine the battery protection threshold value that this current characteristic parameter obtaining is corresponding, as being 10 DEG C of battery battery core temperature when the current characteristic parameter obtaining, from table one, can find corresponding single battery under-voltage protection threshold value is 2.50V; As being 10 DEG C of battery battery core temperature when the current characteristic parameter obtaining, from table two, can find corresponding battery power discharge current protection threshold value is 30A.
When characteristic parameter is current battery charging and discharging cycle-index, battery protection threshold value while being single battery under-voltage protection threshold value, determine battery protection threshold value P:P=P2-(P2-P1 by following formula) c/C; Wherein, P represents definite battery protection threshold value (remaining with the decimal of spacing number); P2 represents the maximum under-voltage protection threshold value of single battery; P1 represents the minimum under-voltage protection threshold value of single battery; c represents current battery charging and discharging cycle-index, and C represents charge and discharge cycles number of times or the specified charge and discharge cycles number of times that the maximum of battery allows.
The mapping relations of the characteristic parameter that this is default and battery protection threshold value can be stored in battery management system; this battery management system is in the time getting the current characteristic parameter of battery; according to the mapping relations of the default characteristic parameter of this storage and battery protection threshold value, determine the battery protection threshold value that this current characteristic parameter obtaining is corresponding.
In one embodiment, this step S20 refers to:
Temperature allowed range is [T
1, T
2], battery charging and discharging cycle-index allowed band is [C
1, C
2], battery protection threshold value allowed band is [P
1, P
2], scope [p under definite battery protection threshold value p
1, p
2] and the affiliated temperature range [t of Current Temperatures t
1, t
2] and the affiliated scope [c of current battery charging and discharging cycle-index c
1, c
2] there is one-to-one relationship, if current electro-temperature t meets t ∈ [t
1, t
2] and/or current battery charging and discharging cycle-index c meet c ∈ [c
1, c
2], c
1≤ c≤c
2, definite battery protection threshold value p meets p ∈ [p
1, p
2]; Wherein:
For example: as shown in Table 2, T
1=-∝, T
2=+∝, P
1=0, P
2=30, be 10 degree if record Current Temperatures by temperature sensor, and t
1=0, t
2=40, p
1=30, p
2, obtain p=30 according to the mapping relations of table two at=30 o'clock.
It should be noted that, Interval Type can be open interval, closed interval or half-open intervals according to actual corresponding relation, and in the mapping relations of simplifying very much, interval can be reduced to a real number.For example, [t
1, t
2] reality be half-open intervals (0,40], [p
1, p
2] be reduced to real number 30.
In another embodiment, this step S20 comprises:
The current characteristic parameter obtaining is sent to host computer by S21, this battery management system, according to the mapping relations of default characteristic parameter and battery protection threshold value, determines the battery protection threshold value that this current characteristic parameter obtaining is corresponding for host computer.
This host computer has set in advance the mapping relations of characteristic parameter and battery protection threshold value, the current characteristic parameter obtaining is sent to host computer by this battery management system, host computer is according to the mapping relations of default characteristic parameter and battery protection threshold value, determine the battery protection threshold value that this current characteristic parameter obtaining is corresponding, if current characteristic parameter is temperature, when the mapping relations of default characteristic parameter and battery protection threshold value are the mapping relations of temperature and single battery under-voltage protection threshold value, this host computer arrives corresponding single battery under-voltage protection threshold value in this temperature with the mapping relationship searching of single battery under-voltage protection threshold value according to the temperature of obtaining.Definite battery protection threshold value is returned to battery management system by this host computer.
S22, this battery management system receive from this host computer the battery protection threshold value that current characteristic parameter is corresponding.
S30, battery management system gather magnitude of voltage and/or the current value of battery.
In this step S30, magnitude of voltage and/or the current value of battery management system Real-time Collection battery, the magnitude of voltage of this collection comprises single battery magnitude of voltage and/or battery voltage value; The current value of this collection comprises batteries charging current value and/or battery power discharge current value.
In this step S30, the magnitude of voltage that this battery management system can just gather battery turn-offs control with the charge circuit to battery and discharge loop, the current value that also can just gather battery turn-offs control with the charge circuit to battery and discharge loop, and magnitude of voltage and the current value that also can gather battery turn-off control with the charge circuit to battery and discharge loop simultaneously; And in the time gathering the magnitude of voltage of battery, can just gather single battery magnitude of voltage, also can just gather battery voltage value, also can gather single battery magnitude of voltage and battery voltage value simultaneously.
S40, battery management system compare this battery protection threshold value of determining and magnitude of voltage and/or the current value of collection, and according to comparative result, charge circuit and discharge loop are turn-offed to control.
In this step S40; this battery management system can only turn-off control according to the comparative result of the magnitude of voltage of this battery protection threshold value of determining and collection to charge circuit and discharge loop; also can only turn-off control according to this battery protection threshold value of determining and the comparative result of the current value of collection to charge circuit and discharge loop, also can turn-off control to charge circuit and discharge loop according to this definite battery protection threshold value and the magnitude of voltage of collection and the comparative result of current value.
In one embodiment, this step S40 comprises the following steps:
S41, in charging process, battery management system by determine this single battery overvoltage protection threshold value and the single battery magnitude of voltage of this collection compare and/or the battery voltage value of this definite battery pack overvoltage protection threshold value and this collection compared; If the single battery magnitude of voltage of this collection is greater than the battery voltage value of this definite single battery overvoltage protection threshold value and/or this collection and is greater than this definite battery pack overvoltage protection threshold value; this battery management system turn-offs control to charge circuit, otherwise can continue to maintain the conducting of charge circuit.
Battery management system can only compare this single battery overvoltage protection threshold value of determining and the single battery magnitude of voltage of this collection; in the time that the single battery magnitude of voltage of this collection is greater than this definite single battery overvoltage protection threshold value; charge circuit is turn-offed to control, only according to single battery magnitude of voltage, charge circuit is carried out to overvoltage protection.In the specific implementation, as long as when the single battery magnitude of voltage of any batteries in battery is greater than this definite single battery overvoltage protection threshold value, all charge circuit is turn-offed to control.
Battery management system also can only compare this battery pack overvoltage protection threshold value of determining and the battery voltage value of this collection; in the time that the battery voltage value of this collection is greater than this definite battery pack overvoltage protection threshold value; charge circuit is turn-offed to control, only according to battery voltage value, charge circuit is carried out to overvoltage protection.
Battery management system also can compare the single battery magnitude of voltage of this single battery overvoltage protection threshold value of determining and this collection simultaneously and this battery pack overvoltage protection threshold value of determining and the battery voltage value of this collection be compared, at comparative result be: when the battery voltage value that the single battery magnitude of voltage of this collection is greater than this definite single battery overvoltage protection threshold value and this collection is greater than this definite battery pack overvoltage protection threshold value, charge circuit is turn-offed to control, according to single battery magnitude of voltage and battery voltage value, charge circuit is carried out to overvoltage protection simultaneously.
S42, in discharge process, battery management system by determine this single battery under-voltage protection threshold value and the single battery magnitude of voltage of this collection compare and/or the battery voltage value of this definite battery pack under-voltage protection threshold value and this collection compared; If the single battery magnitude of voltage of this collection is less than the battery voltage value of this definite single battery under-voltage protection threshold value and/or this collection and is less than this definite battery pack under-voltage protection threshold value; this battery management system turn-offs control to discharge loop, otherwise can continue the conducting in sustain discharge loop.
Battery management system can only compare this single battery under-voltage protection threshold value of determining and the single battery magnitude of voltage of this collection; in the time that the single battery magnitude of voltage of this collection is less than this definite single battery overvoltage protection threshold value; discharge loop is turn-offed to control, only according to single battery magnitude of voltage, discharge loop is carried out to under-voltage protection.In the specific implementation, as long as when the single battery magnitude of voltage of any batteries in battery is less than this definite single battery under-voltage protection threshold value, all discharge loop is turn-offed to control.
Battery management system also can only compare this battery pack under-voltage protection threshold value of determining and the battery voltage value of this collection; in the time that the battery voltage value of this collection is less than this definite battery pack under-voltage protection threshold value; discharge loop is turn-offed to control, only according to battery voltage value, discharge loop is carried out to under-voltage protection.
Battery management system also can compare the single battery magnitude of voltage of this single battery under-voltage protection threshold value of determining and this collection simultaneously and this battery pack under-voltage protection threshold value of determining and the battery voltage value of this collection be compared, at comparative result be: when the battery voltage value that the single battery magnitude of voltage of this collection is less than this definite single battery under-voltage protection threshold value and this collection is less than this definite battery pack under-voltage protection threshold value, discharge loop is turn-offed to control, according to single battery magnitude of voltage and battery voltage value, discharge loop is carried out to under-voltage protection simultaneously.
In another embodiment, this step S40 comprises:
S43, in charging process; battery management system compares this batteries charging current protection threshold value of determining and the batteries charging current value of this collection; if the batteries charging current value of this collection is greater than this definite batteries charging current protection threshold value; this battery management system turn-offs control to charge circuit, otherwise can continue to maintain the conducting of charge circuit.
In this step S43; this battery management system compares this batteries charging current protection threshold value of determining and the batteries charging current value of this collection; according to comparative result, charge circuit is turn-offed to control; in the time that the batteries charging current value gathering is greater than definite batteries charging current protection threshold value; disconnect charge circuit; so that battery is carried out to over-charge protective, stop battery charging.
S44, in discharge process; battery management system compares this battery power discharge current protection threshold value of determining and the battery power discharge current value of this collection; if the battery power discharge current value of this collection is greater than this definite battery power discharge current protection threshold value; this battery management system turn-offs control to discharge loop, otherwise can continue the conducting in sustain discharge loop.
In this step S44; this battery management system compares this battery power discharge current protection threshold value of determining and the battery power discharge current value of this collection; according to comparative result, discharge loop is turn-offed to control; in the time that the battery power discharge current value gathering is greater than definite battery power discharge current protection threshold value; disconnect discharge loop; so that battery is carried out to Cross prevention, stop load powering.
The present invention further provides a kind of battery management system, with reference to Fig. 2, in one embodiment, this system comprises acquisition module 10, the determination module 20 being connected with this acquisition module 10, the control module 30 being connected with this determination module 20, the acquisition module 40 being connected with this control module 30, wherein:
This acquisition module 10, for obtaining the current characteristic parameter of battery;
This determination module 20, for according to the mapping relations of default characteristic parameter and battery protection threshold value, determines the battery protection threshold value that this current characteristic parameter obtaining is corresponding;
This acquisition module 40, for gathering magnitude of voltage and/or the current value of battery;
This control module 30, for this battery protection threshold value of determining and magnitude of voltage and/or the current value of collection are compared, and turn-offs control according to comparative result to charge circuit and discharge loop.
This battery can be lithium battery, and lithium battery has that operating voltage is high, volume is little, quality is light, energy is high, memory-less effect, the advantage such as have extended cycle life, and its application is more and more extensive.This battery can be single battery or battery pack.In order to realize different battery capacities, single battery is made up of a batteries conventionally, or composes in parallel (why being still called single battery, is because voltage is constant after in parallel) by multiple batteries, after multiple single battery series connection, obtains battery pack.
The current characteristic parameter of this battery comprises temperature and/or current battery charging and discharging cycle-index.This temperature comprises device temperature used in the ambient temperature of battery battery core temperature, battery present position and/or battery management system.This battery management system can gather device temperature used in the ambient temperature of battery battery core temperature, battery present position and battery management system by temperature sensor, this device comprises inductance, metal-oxide-semiconductor or fin, this battery management system can obtain current battery charging and discharging cycle-index by counting unit, for example, this counting unit can be according to the conducting of charge circuit and discharge loop and disconnection, charge and discharge electric weight and count current battery charging and discharging cycle-index.
The current characteristic parameter of this battery can also comprise ambient humidity, the air pressure etc. of battery present position, and this battery management system is by the ambient humidity of humidity sensor measurement battery present position.
The current characteristic parameter of this battery can be divided into discharge characteristic parameter and charging characteristic parameter, this discharge characteristic parameter can be identical or different with charging feature, as this discharge characteristic parameter can comprise temperature and current battery charging and discharging cycle-index, this charging characteristic parameter can comprise the ambient humidity of temperature and battery present position.
This acquisition module 10 can be in real time or according to the current characteristic parameter of Preset Time interval timing acquisition battery, if this Preset Time interval can be 10 seconds.
This definite battery protection threshold value comprises voltage protection threshold value and/or current protection threshold value, wherein: voltage protection threshold value comprises single battery under-voltage protection threshold value, single battery overvoltage protection threshold value, battery pack under-voltage protection threshold value and/or battery pack overvoltage protection threshold value; Current protection threshold value comprises battery power discharge current protection threshold value and/or batteries charging current protection threshold value.
The mapping relations of the characteristic parameter that this is default and battery protection threshold value can arrange according to actual needs.
Be temperature as worked as characteristic parameter, when battery protection threshold value is single battery under-voltage protection threshold value, the mapping relations of this default characteristic parameter and battery protection threshold value are: the mapping relations of temperature and single battery under-voltage protection threshold value, in the specific implementation, this temperature can be battery battery core temperature, device temperature used in the ambient temperature of battery present position or battery management system, be preferably battery battery core temperature, the mapping relations of this temperature and single battery under-voltage protection threshold value can be subdivided into: the mapping relations (as shown in above-mentioned table one) of battery battery core temperature and single battery under-voltage protection threshold value, the mapping relations of the ambient temperature of battery present position and single battery under-voltage protection threshold value, the mapping relations of device temperature used and single battery under-voltage protection threshold value in battery management system.
When characteristic parameter is temperature, when battery protection threshold value is battery power discharge current protection threshold value, the mapping relations of this default characteristic parameter and battery protection threshold value are: the mapping relations of temperature and battery power discharge current protection threshold value, in the specific implementation, this temperature can be battery battery core temperature, device temperature used in the ambient temperature of battery present position or battery management system, the mapping relations of this temperature and battery power discharge current protection threshold value can be subdivided into: the mapping relations (as shown in above-mentioned table two) of battery battery core temperature and battery power discharge current protection threshold value, the mapping relations of the ambient temperature of battery present position and battery power discharge current protection threshold value, the mapping relations of device temperature used and battery power discharge current protection threshold value in battery management system.
In the time that characteristic parameter be battery present position ambient humidity, battery protection threshold value is single battery under-voltage protection threshold value, the mapping relations of the characteristic parameter that this is default and battery protection threshold value are: the mapping relations of the ambient humidity of battery present position and single battery under-voltage protection threshold value; Etc..
This determination module 20 is according to the mapping relations of default characteristic parameter and battery protection threshold value, determine the battery protection threshold value that this current characteristic parameter obtaining is corresponding, as being 10 DEG C of battery battery core temperature when the current characteristic parameter obtaining, from table one, can find corresponding single battery under-voltage protection threshold value is 2.50V; As being 10 DEG C of battery battery core temperature when the current characteristic parameter obtaining, from table two, can find corresponding battery power discharge current protection threshold value is 30A.
When characteristic parameter is current battery charging and discharging cycle-index, battery protection threshold value while being single battery under-voltage protection threshold value, this determination module 20 can be determined battery protection threshold value P:P=P2-(P2-P1 by following formula) c/C; Wherein, P represents definite battery protection threshold value (remaining with the decimal of spacing number); P2 represents the maximum under-voltage protection threshold value of single battery; P1 represents the minimum under-voltage protection threshold value of single battery; c represents current battery charging and discharging cycle-index, C represent battery maximum allow charge and discharge cycles number of times or specified charge and discharge cycles number of times.
The mapping relations of the characteristic parameter that this is default and battery protection threshold value can be stored in battery management system; the determination module 20 of this battery management system is in the time that acquisition module 10 gets the current characteristic parameter of battery; according to the mapping relations of the default characteristic parameter of this storage and battery protection threshold value, determine the battery protection threshold value that this current characteristic parameter obtaining is corresponding.
In one embodiment, this determination module 20 is determined battery protection threshold value p corresponding to current characteristic parameter obtaining in the following manner:
Temperature allowed range is [T
1, T
2], battery charging and discharging cycle-index allowed band is [C
1, C
2], battery protection threshold value allowed band is [P
1, P
2], scope [p under definite battery protection threshold value p
1, p
2] and the affiliated temperature range [t of Current Temperatures t
1, t
2] and the affiliated scope [c of current battery charging and discharging cycle-index c
1, c
2] there is one-to-one relationship, if current electro-temperature t meets t ∈ [t
1, t
2] and/or current battery charging and discharging cycle-index c meet c ∈ [c
1, c
2], c
1≤ c≤c
2, definite battery protection threshold value p meets p ∈ [P
1, P
2]; Wherein:
For example: as shown in Table 2, T
1=-∝, T
2=+∝, P
1=0, P
2=30, be 10 degree if record Current Temperatures by temperature sensor, and t
1=5, t
2=40, p
1=30, p
2, obtain p=30 according to the mapping relations of table two at=30 o'clock.
It should be noted that, Interval Type can be open interval, closed interval or half-open intervals according to actual corresponding relation, and in the mapping relations of simplifying very much, interval can be reduced to a real number.For example, [t
1, t
2] reality be half-open intervals (0,40], [p
1, p
2] be reduced to real number 30.
In another embodiment, this determination module 20 comprises Transmit-Receive Unit, this Transmit-Receive Unit is for sending to host computer by the current characteristic parameter obtaining, according to the mapping relations of default characteristic parameter and battery protection threshold value, determine the battery protection threshold value that this current characteristic parameter obtaining is corresponding for host computer; And for receive the battery protection threshold value that current characteristic parameter is corresponding from this host computer.
This host computer has set in advance the mapping relations of characteristic parameter and battery protection threshold value, the current characteristic parameter obtaining is sent to host computer by this Transmit-Receive Unit, host computer is according to the mapping relations of default characteristic parameter and battery protection threshold value, determine the battery protection threshold value that this current characteristic parameter obtaining is corresponding, if current characteristic parameter is temperature, when the mapping relations of default characteristic parameter and battery protection threshold value are the mapping relations of temperature and single battery under-voltage protection threshold value, this host computer arrives corresponding single battery under-voltage protection threshold value in this temperature with the mapping relationship searching of single battery under-voltage protection threshold value according to the temperature of obtaining.Definite battery protection threshold value is returned to Transmit-Receive Unit by this host computer.
Magnitude of voltage and/or the current value of these acquisition module 40 Real-time Collection batteries, the magnitude of voltage of this collection comprises single battery magnitude of voltage and/or battery voltage value; The current value of this collection comprises batteries charging current value and/or battery power discharge current value.
The magnitude of voltage that this acquisition module 40 can just gather battery turn-offs control with the charge circuit to battery and discharge loop, the current value that also can just gather battery turn-offs control with the charge circuit to battery and discharge loop, and magnitude of voltage and the current value that also can gather battery turn-off control with the charge circuit to battery and discharge loop simultaneously; And in the time gathering the magnitude of voltage of battery, can just gather single battery magnitude of voltage, also can just gather battery voltage value, also can gather single battery magnitude of voltage and battery voltage value simultaneously.
This control module 30 compares this battery protection threshold value of determining and magnitude of voltage and/or the current value of collection, and according to comparative result, charge circuit and discharge loop are turn-offed to control, concrete, this control module 30 can only be turn-offed control according to the comparative result of the magnitude of voltage of this battery protection threshold value of determining and collection to charge circuit and discharge loop, also can only turn-off control according to the comparative result of the current value of this battery protection threshold value of determining and collection to charge circuit and discharge loop, also can turn-off control to charge circuit and discharge loop according to this battery protection threshold value of determining and the magnitude of voltage of collection and the comparative result of current value.
In one embodiment, this control module 30 comprises the first control unit and the second control unit, wherein:
This first control unit, for in charging process, this single battery overvoltage protection threshold value of determining and the single battery magnitude of voltage of this collection are compared and/or the battery voltage value of this definite battery pack overvoltage protection threshold value and this collection is compared; If the single battery magnitude of voltage of this collection is greater than the battery voltage value of this definite single battery overvoltage protection threshold value and/or this collection and is greater than this definite battery pack overvoltage protection threshold value; this battery management system turn-offs control to charge circuit, otherwise can continue to maintain the conducting of charge circuit.
This second control unit, for at discharge process, this single battery under-voltage protection threshold value of determining and the single battery magnitude of voltage of this collection are compared and/or the battery voltage value of this definite battery pack under-voltage protection threshold value and this collection is compared; If the single battery magnitude of voltage of this collection is less than the battery voltage value of this definite single battery under-voltage protection threshold value and/or this collection and is less than this definite battery pack under-voltage protection threshold value; this battery management system turn-offs control to discharge loop, otherwise can continue the conducting in sustain discharge loop.
This first control unit can only compare this single battery overvoltage protection threshold value of determining and the single battery magnitude of voltage of this collection; in the time that the single battery magnitude of voltage of this collection is greater than this definite single battery overvoltage protection threshold value; charge circuit is turn-offed to control, only according to single battery magnitude of voltage, charge circuit is carried out to overvoltage protection.In the specific implementation, as long as when the single battery magnitude of voltage of any batteries in battery is greater than this definite single battery overvoltage protection threshold value, all charge circuit is turn-offed to control.
This first control unit also can only compare this battery pack overvoltage protection threshold value of determining and the battery voltage value of this collection; in the time that the battery voltage value of this collection is greater than this definite battery pack overvoltage protection threshold value; charge circuit is turn-offed to control, only according to battery voltage value, charge circuit is carried out to overvoltage protection.
This first control unit also can compare the single battery magnitude of voltage of this single battery overvoltage protection threshold value of determining and this collection simultaneously and this battery pack overvoltage protection threshold value of determining and the battery voltage value of this collection be compared, at comparative result be: when the battery voltage value that the single battery magnitude of voltage of this collection is greater than this definite single battery overvoltage protection threshold value and this collection is greater than this definite battery pack overvoltage protection threshold value, charge circuit is turn-offed to control, according to single battery magnitude of voltage and battery voltage value, charge circuit is carried out to overvoltage protection simultaneously.
This second control unit can only compare this single battery under-voltage protection threshold value of determining and the single battery magnitude of voltage of this collection; in the time that the single battery magnitude of voltage of this collection is less than this definite single battery overvoltage protection threshold value; discharge loop is turn-offed to control, only according to single battery magnitude of voltage, discharge loop is carried out to under-voltage protection.In the specific implementation, as long as when the single battery magnitude of voltage of any batteries in battery is less than this definite single battery under-voltage protection threshold value, all discharge loop is turn-offed to control.
This second control unit also can only compare this battery pack under-voltage protection threshold value of determining and the battery voltage value of this collection; in the time that the battery voltage value of this collection is less than this definite battery pack under-voltage protection threshold value; discharge loop is turn-offed to control, only according to battery voltage value, discharge loop is carried out to under-voltage protection.
This second control unit also can compare the single battery magnitude of voltage of this single battery under-voltage protection threshold value of determining and this collection simultaneously and this battery pack under-voltage protection threshold value of determining and the battery voltage value of this collection be compared, at comparative result be: when the battery voltage value that the single battery magnitude of voltage of this collection is less than this definite single battery under-voltage protection threshold value and this collection is less than this definite battery pack under-voltage protection threshold value, discharge loop is turn-offed to control, according to single battery magnitude of voltage and battery voltage value, discharge loop is carried out to under-voltage protection simultaneously.
In another embodiment, this control module 30 comprises the 3rd control unit and the 4th control unit, wherein:
The 3rd control unit; be used in charging process; this batteries charging current protection threshold value of determining and the batteries charging current value of this collection are compared; if the batteries charging current value of this collection is greater than this definite batteries charging current protection threshold value; this battery management system turn-offs control to charge circuit, otherwise can continue to maintain the conducting of charge circuit.
The 4th control unit; be used at discharge process; this battery power discharge current protection threshold value of determining and the battery power discharge current value of this collection are compared; if the battery power discharge current value of this collection is greater than this definite battery power discharge current protection threshold value; this battery management system turn-offs control to discharge loop, otherwise can continue the conducting in sustain discharge loop.
The 3rd control unit compares this batteries charging current protection threshold value of determining and the batteries charging current value of this collection; according to comparative result, charge circuit is turn-offed to control; in the time that the batteries charging current value gathering is greater than definite batteries charging current protection threshold value; disconnect charge circuit; so that battery is carried out to over-charge protective, stop battery charging.
The 4th control unit compares this battery power discharge current protection threshold value of determining and the battery power discharge current value of this collection; according to comparative result, discharge loop is turn-offed to control; in the time that the battery power discharge current value gathering is greater than definite battery power discharge current protection threshold value; disconnect discharge loop; so that battery is carried out to Cross prevention, stop load powering.
Battery management system except overcharge with Cross prevention; generally also comprise overheat protector; overheat protector comprises too low temperature protection (abbreviation low-temperature protection) and excessive temperature protection (abbreviation high temperature protection); similar to above-mentioned guard method; battery management system gathers device temperature used in the ambient temperature of battery battery core temperature, battery present position and battery management system by temperature sensor; and according to low-temperature protection thresholding and the comparison of high temperature protection thresholding, according to comparative result, charge circuit and discharge loop are turn-offed to control.And low-temperature protection thresholding and high temperature protection thresholding also can for example, dynamically be determined according to characteristic parameter (, cycle-index, ambient humidity), repeat no more.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention; not thereby limit the scope of the claims of the present invention; every equivalent structure or conversion of equivalent flow process that utilizes specification of the present invention and accompanying drawing content to do; or be directly or indirectly used in other relevant technical fields, be all in like manner included in scope of patent protection of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a battery charging and discharging guard method, is characterized in that, the method comprises:
Battery management system obtains the current characteristic parameter of battery;
Battery management system is according to the mapping relations of default characteristic parameter and battery protection threshold value, battery protection threshold value corresponding to current characteristic parameter of obtaining described in determining;
Battery management system gathers magnitude of voltage and/or the current value of battery;
Battery management system compares the described battery protection threshold value of determining and magnitude of voltage and/or the current value of collection, and according to comparative result, charge circuit and discharge loop is turn-offed to control.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described definite battery protection threshold value comprises voltage protection threshold value and/or current protection threshold value, wherein:
Voltage protection threshold value comprises single battery under-voltage protection threshold value, single battery overvoltage protection threshold value, battery pack under-voltage protection threshold value and/or battery pack overvoltage protection threshold value;
Current protection threshold value comprises battery power discharge current protection threshold value and/or batteries charging current protection threshold value.
3. method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the magnitude of voltage of described collection comprises single battery magnitude of voltage and/or battery voltage value; The current value of described collection comprises batteries charging current value and/or battery power discharge current value.
4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described current characteristic parameter comprises temperature and/or current battery charging and discharging cycle-index.
5. method according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described temperature comprises device temperature used in the ambient temperature of battery battery core temperature, battery present position and/or battery management system.
6. method according to claim 3; it is characterized in that; described battery management system compares described battery protection threshold value and magnitude of voltage and/or the current value of collection determined, and the step of charge circuit and discharge loop being turn-offed to control according to comparative result comprises:
In charging process, battery management system compares the described single battery overvoltage protection threshold value of determining and the single battery magnitude of voltage of described collection and/or the battery voltage value of described definite battery pack overvoltage protection threshold value and described collection is compared; If the single battery magnitude of voltage of described collection is greater than the battery voltage value of definite described single battery overvoltage protection threshold value and/or described collection and is greater than described definite battery pack overvoltage protection threshold value, described battery management system turn-offs control to charge circuit;
In discharge process, battery management system compares the described single battery under-voltage protection threshold value of determining and the single battery magnitude of voltage of described collection and/or the battery voltage value of described definite battery pack under-voltage protection threshold value and described collection is compared; If the single battery magnitude of voltage of described collection is less than the battery voltage value of definite described single battery under-voltage protection threshold value and/or described collection and is less than described definite battery pack under-voltage protection threshold value, described battery management system turn-offs control to discharge loop.
7. method according to claim 3; it is characterized in that; described battery management system compares described battery protection threshold value and magnitude of voltage and/or the current value of collection determined, and the step of charge circuit and discharge loop being turn-offed to control according to comparative result comprises:
In charging process, battery management system compares the described batteries charging current protection threshold value of determining and the batteries charging current value of described collection, if the batteries charging current value of described collection is greater than definite described batteries charging current protection threshold value, described battery management system turn-offs control to charge circuit;
In discharge process; battery management system compares the described battery power discharge current protection threshold value of determining and the battery power discharge current value of described collection; if the battery power discharge current value of described collection is greater than definite described battery power discharge current protection threshold value, described battery management system turn-offs control to discharge loop.
8. method according to claim 4; it is characterized in that; described battery management system is according to the mapping relations of default characteristic parameter and battery protection threshold value, and battery protection threshold value corresponding to current characteristic parameter of obtaining described in determining refers to: temperature allowed range is [T
1, T
2], battery charging and discharging cycle-index allowed band is [C
1, C
2], battery protection threshold value allowed band is [P
1, P
2], scope [p under definite battery protection threshold value p
1, p
2] and the affiliated temperature range [t of Current Temperatures t
1, t
2] and the affiliated scope [c of current battery charging and discharging cycle-index c
1, c
2] there is one-to-one relationship, if current electro-temperature t meets t ∈ [t
1, t
2] and/or current battery charging and discharging cycle-index c meet c ∈ [c
1, c
2], c
1≤ c≤c
2, definite battery protection threshold value p meets p ∈ [p
1, p
2]; Wherein:
9. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described battery management system is according to the mapping relations of default characteristic parameter and battery protection threshold value, and the step of the battery protection threshold value that the current characteristic parameter that obtains described in determining is corresponding comprises:
The current characteristic parameter obtaining is sent to host computer by described battery management system, for host computer according to the mapping relations of default characteristic parameter and battery protection threshold value, battery protection threshold value corresponding to current characteristic parameter obtained described in determining;
Described battery management system receives from described host computer the battery protection threshold value that current characteristic parameter is corresponding.
10. a battery management system, is characterized in that, this system comprises:
Acquisition module, for obtaining the current characteristic parameter of battery;
Determination module, for according to the mapping relations of default characteristic parameter and battery protection threshold value, battery protection threshold value corresponding to current characteristic parameter of obtaining described in determining;
Acquisition module, for gathering magnitude of voltage and/or the current value of battery;
Control module, for the described battery protection threshold value of determining and magnitude of voltage and/or the current value of collection are compared, and turn-offs control according to comparative result to charge circuit and discharge loop.
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| CN201410159162.XA CN103956710A (en) | 2014-04-18 | 2014-04-18 | Battery charging and discharging protection method and battery management system |
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Application publication date: 20140730 |