CN103952107B - Fast bonding agent and preparation method thereof and application for heating floor - Google Patents
Fast bonding agent and preparation method thereof and application for heating floor Download PDFInfo
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- CN103952107B CN103952107B CN201410162690.0A CN201410162690A CN103952107B CN 103952107 B CN103952107 B CN 103952107B CN 201410162690 A CN201410162690 A CN 201410162690A CN 103952107 B CN103952107 B CN 103952107B
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- Prior art keywords
- bonding
- bonding agent
- agent
- heating floor
- floor
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- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Octanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000006166 lysate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229940117958 vinyl acetate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000012744 reinforcing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 2-Ethylhexyl Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 235000019890 Amylum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004836 Glue Stick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical class [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002649 leather substitute Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013599 spices Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005061 synthetic rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides fast heating floor bonding agent and preparation method thereof and application, its making step comprises: dibutyl phthalate and octanol are dissolved mutually, obtain lysate; Water is heated to 70 DEG C, and in water, adds polyvinyl alcohol and starch, be warming up to 90 DEG C, to all dissolving; Cool the temperature to 70 DEG C, add vinylacetate; Obtain molten cream; Lysate is added in molten cream, and add ammonium persulfate and reinforcing agent and borax, at 70 DEG C, carry out emulsion polymerisation, obtain adhesive. Use step to comprise dilution bonding agent, bonding agent is coated and carried out after bonding plane after bonding, bonding being cured. Also can directly use the bonding agent of not diluted. The bonding heating floor of the present invention possesses resistance to elevated temperatures, high voltage performance, adhesive strength performance, fire retardant insulating performance, and obtains good stability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of bonding agent and preparation and application thereof. Especially the bonding agent that a kind of heating floor is special andPreparation method and application process.
Background technology
Along with the raising of people's quality of life, in family expenses or work production environment, use the feelings of heating floor as heatingCondition is more and more, because the use of heating floor heating is not subject to the restriction of central heating, and the heating in each corner in spaceTemperature is even, and the crowd who is deeply pursued high-quality life likes.
But be not easy for the production of heating floor, the especially floor of fast heating, because floor is all by manyLayer possesses the entirety that the material adhesive of each function forms, bonding use be bonding agent because the heating on floor, can be to bondingThe impact of agent even destroys, and the bonded structure on floor is damaged. Heating floor is according to the setting difference of each manufacturer, oneAs reach as high as 60 DEG C. If bonding agent is for a long time under this state of temperature, certainly can reduce fast its service life. BondingA kind of appearance of agent is aging, and floor is also just bad.
Heating floor also has feature, because the complexity of floor while wanting grantee to walk impact, and heating floor itselfBe heater, and what adopt is electricity heating, this just requires floor itself to have smolderability and insulating properties, and this is just directly requirement alsoBonding agent also must possess heat-resisting quantity, barotolerance, adhesive strength is high, fire retardant insulating performance is strong.
So, for heating floor, the bonding agent that must select,
Applicant has found the floor adhesive technology having now, and has found following technology: No. 200880017018.5, patentFlooring adhesive, No. 201110263840.3 a kind of floor glues of patent, No. 201110263845.6 a kind of floor glues of patent. But loseRegret, although these several bonding agents are all the technology that floor is developed and used of levying, all at high temperature resistant, high pressure for a long timeProperty, the not concrete research such as fire retardant insulating or open, and after applicant tests use, find also has not in adhesive strengthPeople's will part to the greatest extent.
Eventually the above: fast heating floor requires bonding agent to reach on technique and finished product:
1, high temperature resistant: require bonding agent in floor solidify after can bear 220 DEG C of high temperature.
2, high pressure resistant: require bonding agent in floor solidify after can bear 8-12KG/cm2.
3, high-intensity firmness: require the firmness after bonding agent solidifies in floor will reach mu60.
4, good fire retardant insulating: can reach certain rank fire retardant insulating performance.
5, the stability on bonding rear floor: require the bonding agent can be because of switching on for a long time and remaining on the temperature of 60 DEG CDegree and adhesive property own, fire retardant insulating performance reduce.
Summary of the invention
For solving the above problem, the invention provides a kind of fast heating floor bonding agent, by following material and weightThan making:
Water 45%~55%
Vinylacetate 32%~45%
Starch 3%~4%
Polyvinyl alcohol 3%~5%
Dibutyl phthalate 2%~4%
Octanol 0.5%~1%
Ammonium persulfate 0.1%~0.3%
Reinforcing agent 0.1%~0.3%
Borax 0.1%~0.3%.
The preparation method who the invention provides a kind of fast heating floor bonding agent, makes as follows
A. 2%~4% dibutyl phthalate and 0.5%~1% octanol are dropped into reactor, are stirred to mutual dissolving,Obtain lysate; Another device is put for subsequent use;
B. add 45%~55% water at reactor, and be heated to 60 DEG C~70 DEG C, in whipping process, slowly add 3%~5% polyvinyl alcohol and 3%~4% starch, be warming up to 80 DEG C~90 DEG C; Keep 80 DEG C~90 DEG C of temperature to dissolve to whole; MoltenAfter solution, cool the temperature to 60 DEG C~70 DEG C, and in whipping process, add 32%~45% vinylacetate; Obtain molten cream;
C. lysate step a being made adds in the molten cream that b step makes, and adds 0.1%~0.3% ammonium persulfateAnd the borax of 0.1%~0.3% reinforcing agent and 0.1%~0.3%, stir evenly, at 60 DEG C~70 DEG C, carry out emulsion polymerisation, obtain glueStick, cooling and pack.
The invention provides a kind of application of fast heating floor bonding agent, carry out as follows,
A, dilution: first 10 parts of bonding agents are warming up to 35 DEG C, more slowly add the distilled water of 2 parts 35 DEG C, after dilution, add againEnter 1 part of starch thickening;
B, coating adhesive bonding: the adhesive surface for the treatment of sticky object is coated to bonding agent by every square metre of 100 grams of consumptions, be coated with stickyAfter connecing agent, hang 5~8 minutes; Adhesive surface is bonding, bonding rear placement 20 minutes;
C, solidify: make cold press compress abutting edge 3 hours with 0.3~0.5 MPa pressure above; Completely solidify and needMore than 10 hours.
The application of bonding agent for fast heating floor as above, enters a more step and is illustrated as, and when adhered floor, can directly useThe bonding agent of not diluted.
The application of bonding agent for fast heating floor as above, illustrate further into, treat that the adhesive surface of sticky object is coated with stickyThe consumption that connects agent can be 100~200 grams every square metre.
1, vinylacetate is colourless flammable liquid. There is intense flavors. Water insoluble, but be dissolved in most of organic moltenAgent. In this agent, be used as adhesive.
2, the starch in the present invention is plant amylum, for thickening and enhancing bonding effect. In this agent, be used as bonding helpingAgent.
3, polyvinyl alcohol: the macromolecular compound being formed through saponification by polyvinyl acetate. White or milk yellow powder. ToolThermoplasticity. According to saponification degree difference, product water soluble or only can be swelling. Mainly be used as the former of polyvinyl acetal-based resinMaterial, also as adhesive, dispersant etc. In this agent, be used as bonding agent.
4, dibutyl phthalate is colourless liquid, water insoluble, but is dissolved in the organic solvent such as ethanol, ether. BePlasticizer when plastics processed, synthetic rubber, artificial leather etc. Also be solvent and the curing agent of spices. In this agent, be used as plasticizer.
5, octanol of the present invention is 2-Ethylhexyl Alcohol-1. Colourless liquid, has special odor. Water-soluble and ethanol, secondIn the organic solvents such as ether. In this agent, be used as solvent.
6, ammonium persulfate is water-soluble, is heated and decomposes, and is used as polymerization initiator in this agent.
Beneficial effect:
The bonding heating floor of the present invention possesses resistance to elevated temperatures, high voltage performance, adhesive strength performance, fire retardant insulatingCan, and obtain good stability.
1, resistance to elevated temperatures: with the high-temperature high-pressure of 245 DEG C plate tightly, after 2 minutes, take out floor, keep flat cool to room temperature, groundThere are not distortion, cracking phenomena in plate abutting edge.
2, high voltage performance: at a certain temperature, carry out suppressing for 5 minutes with 300 tons of press, compacting finishes rear taking-up and places24 hours, there were not distortion, cracking phenomena in abutting edge, floor.
3, adhesive strength performance: tension test is carried out in bonding floor with special equipment, it has withstood drawing of mu75Stretch test, floor is not pulled open, drawing crack.
4, fire retardant insulating performance: fast heating floor is by heating power, so it is good fire-retardant to require its bonding agent to haveInsulating properties, through energising test, the bonding agent after solidifying, it reaches the fire-retardant rank of V-0, its insulating properties reach 2.5M Ω/V。
5, obtain good stability: the fast heating floor floor after bonding with fast heating floor bonding agent, its 20 squares of rice and flourLong-pending floor is by the continual test of 1 year, and method of testing is that the temperature for the treatment of its bonding agent contact after energising reaches 60 DEG CAfter its cool to room temperature such as power-off again, after then not only energising is heated to 60 DEG C automatically but also its cool to room temperature such as power-off, by fromAfter the test that moving control has gone round and begun again 1 year like this, its not craze and transfiguration of bonding agent place, floor, other performances also do not becomeChange.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment mono-:
Fast heating floor bonding agent, makes by following material and weight ratio:
Water 50%
Vinylacetate 38%
Starch 3.7%
Polyvinyl alcohol 4%
Dibutyl phthalate 3%
Octanol 0.8%
Ammonium persulfate 0.2%
Reinforcing agent 0.2%
Borax 0.1%
Its preparation process is:
A. dibutyl phthalate 3% and octanol 0.8% are dropped into reactor, be stirred to mutual dissolving, obtain lysate;Another device is put for subsequent use;
B. add water 50% at reactor, and be heated to 65 DEG C, in whipping process, slowly add polyvinyl alcohol 4% and form sedimentPowder 3.7%, is warming up to 85 DEG C; Keep 85 DEG C of temperature to dissolve to whole; After dissolving, cool the temperature to 65 DEG C, and in whipping processAdd vinylacetate 38%; Obtain molten cream;
C. lysate step a being made adds in the molten cream that b step makes, and adds ammonium persulfate 0.2% and strengthenAgent 0.2%
And 0.1% borax, stir evenly, at 65 DEG C, carry out emulsion polymerisation, obtain adhesive, cooling and pack.
This bonding agent uses as follows:
Dilution: first 10 parts of bonding agents are warming up to 35 DEG C, more slowly add the distilled water of 2 parts 35 DEG C, add again 1 after dilutionThe thickening of part starch;
Coating adhesive is also bonding: the adhesive surface of heating floor to be pasted is coated bonding by every square metre of 100 grams of consumptionsAgent, hangs 8 minutes after coating adhesive; Adhesive surface is bonding, bonding rear placement 20 minutes;
Solidify: make cold press compress abutting edge more than 3 hours with 0.5 MPa pressure; Take out and leave standstill more than 10 hours. Just reachTo completely curing.
Embodiment bis-:
Fast heating floor bonding agent, makes by following material and weight ratio:
Water 48%
Vinylacetate 39%
Starch 3.5%
Polyvinyl alcohol 5%
Dibutyl phthalate 3%
Octanol 0.9%
Ammonium persulfate 0.3%
Reinforcing agent 0.2%
Borax 0.1%
Its preparation process is:
A. dibutyl phthalate 3% and octanol 0.9% are dropped into reactor, be stirred to mutual dissolving, obtain lysate;Another device is put for subsequent use;
B. add water 48% at reactor, and be heated to 68.5 DEG C, in whipping process, slowly add polyvinyl alcohol 5% HeStarch 3.5%, is warming up to 87 DEG C; Keep 87 DEG C of temperature to dissolve to whole; After dissolving, cool the temperature to 66 DEG C, and at whipping processIn add vinylacetate 39%; Obtain molten cream;
C. lysate step a being made adds in the molten cream that b step makes, and adds ammonium persulfate 0.3% and strengthenAgent 0.2%
And 0.1% borax, stir evenly, at 66 DEG C, carry out emulsion polymerisation, obtain adhesive, cooling and pack.
This bonding agent uses as follows:
Dilution: first 10 parts of bonding agents are warming up to 35 DEG C, more slowly add the distilled water of 2 parts 35 DEG C, add again 1 after dilutionThe thickening of part starch;
Coating adhesive is also bonding: the adhesive surface of heating floor to be pasted is coated bonding by every square metre of 150 grams of consumptionsAgent, hangs 10 minutes after coating adhesive; Adhesive surface is bonding, bonding rear placement 20 minutes;
Solidify: make cold press compress abutting edge more than 3 hours with 0.8 MPa pressure; Take out and leave standstill more than 10 hours. Just reachTo completely curing.
When adhered floor, can directly use the bonding agent of not diluted, the adhesive surface of heating floor is pressed to every square metre 200Gram consumption is coated bonding agent, hangs 20 minutes after coating adhesive; Adhesive surface is bonding, bonding rear placement 20 minutes.
When dilution, be not able to cold water dilution. Amount of water is advisable to be equivalent to 20% of stoste. Add water too many, emulsibility is subject toDestroy, can cause losing efficacy.
Its type of reinforcing agent that the present invention uses is unrestricted.
Conventionally, when adhesive surface is coated bonding agent by every square metre of 100 grams of consumptions, hang 5 minutes.
When adhesive surface is coated bonding agent by every square metre of 150 grams of consumptions, hang 10 minutes.
When adhesive surface is coated bonding agent by every square metre of 200 grams of consumptions, hang 20 minutes.
When the present invention uses, also can take the method for being heating and curing, be generally while drying in the air to inadhesion after gluing, in 80 DEG C withThe pressure of 0.3~0.5 MPa compresses, and thin plate only need compress 6 minutes, and slab compressed about 15 minutes time.
Claims (4)
1. the preparation method of bonding agent for fast heating floor, makes as follows
A. 2%~4% dibutyl phthalate and 0.5%~1% octanol are dropped into reactor, be stirred to mutual dissolving, obtain moltenSeparate liquid; Another device is put for subsequent use;
B. add 45%~55% water at reactor, and be heated to 60 DEG C~70 DEG C, in whipping process, slowly add 3%~5%Polyvinyl alcohol and 3%~4% starch, be warming up to 80 DEG C~90 DEG C; Keep 80 DEG C~90 DEG C of temperature to dissolve to whole; After dissolvingCool the temperature to 60 DEG C~70 DEG C, and in whipping process, add 32%~45% vinylacetate; Obtain molten cream;
C. lysate step a being made adds in the molten cream that b step makes, and add 0.1%~0.3% ammonium persulfate and0.1%~0.3% reinforcing agent and 0.1%~0.3% borax, stir evenly, and at 60 DEG C~70 DEG C, carries out emulsion polymerisation, obtains bondingAgent, cooling and pack.
2. the application of bonding agent for fast heating floor, carries out as follows,
A, dilution: first 10 parts of bonding agents that obtain are as claimed in claim 1 warming up to 35 DEG C, more slowly add 2 parts 35 DEG CDistilled water, adds 1 part of starch thickening again after dilution;
B, coating adhesive bonding: the adhesive surface for the treatment of sticky object is coated to bonding agent, coating adhesive by every square metre of 100 grams of consumptionsAfter hang 5~8 minutes; Adhesive surface is bonding, bonding rear placement 20 minutes;
C, solidify: make cold press compress abutting edge 3 hours with 0.3~0.5 MPa pressure above; Solidify need 10 completely littleTime more than.
3. the application of bonding agent for fast heating floor as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, when adhered floor, directly uses notDiluted bonding agent.
4. the application of bonding agent for fast heating floor as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, treats that the adhesive surface of sticky object is coated with stickyThe consumption that connects agent is 100~200 grams every square metre.
Priority Applications (1)
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CN201410162690.0A CN103952107B (en) | 2014-04-22 | 2014-04-22 | Fast bonding agent and preparation method thereof and application for heating floor |
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CN201410162690.0A CN103952107B (en) | 2014-04-22 | 2014-04-22 | Fast bonding agent and preparation method thereof and application for heating floor |
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CN104371594A (en) * | 2014-10-17 | 2015-02-25 | 周嘉颖 | High-power adhesive for bonding floor and heating elements |
CN104387602B (en) * | 2014-11-19 | 2018-12-11 | 中国航空工业集团公司沈阳飞机设计研究所 | A kind of Aircraft Canopy Transparencies edge connection application method of adhesive |
CN111662659A (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2020-09-15 | 安徽大松树脂有限公司 | Preparation method of graphene heating floor tile bonding adhesive |
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CN1515644A (en) * | 2003-08-29 | 2004-07-28 | 国家***泡桐研究开发中心 | China wood white latex |
CN101245229A (en) * | 2008-01-15 | 2008-08-20 | 广州宏昌胶粘带厂 | Pressure-sensitive adhesive using starch as matrix material and manufacture method thereof |
CN101343516A (en) * | 2008-08-22 | 2009-01-14 | 东北林业大学 | API glue host and preparation method |
CN102838939A (en) * | 2012-09-12 | 2012-12-26 | 广东金万得胶粘剂有限公司 | Modified water-base nano binder |
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2014
- 2014-04-22 CN CN201410162690.0A patent/CN103952107B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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US3433701A (en) * | 1965-05-18 | 1969-03-18 | Nat Starch Chem Corp | Water resistant polyvinyl acetate adhesive compositions |
CN1515644A (en) * | 2003-08-29 | 2004-07-28 | 国家***泡桐研究开发中心 | China wood white latex |
CN101245229A (en) * | 2008-01-15 | 2008-08-20 | 广州宏昌胶粘带厂 | Pressure-sensitive adhesive using starch as matrix material and manufacture method thereof |
CN101343516A (en) * | 2008-08-22 | 2009-01-14 | 东北林业大学 | API glue host and preparation method |
CN102838939A (en) * | 2012-09-12 | 2012-12-26 | 广东金万得胶粘剂有限公司 | Modified water-base nano binder |
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Title |
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"木材胶粘剂的研究进展";安璐等;《粘接》;20080430(第4期);第27-31页 * |
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