CN103940104A - Micro-nano-graphite flake fluid solar thermal collector - Google Patents
Micro-nano-graphite flake fluid solar thermal collector Download PDFInfo
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- CN103940104A CN103940104A CN201410117793.5A CN201410117793A CN103940104A CN 103940104 A CN103940104 A CN 103940104A CN 201410117793 A CN201410117793 A CN 201410117793A CN 103940104 A CN103940104 A CN 103940104A
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- graphite flake
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
- F24S10/40—Solar heat collectors using working fluids in absorbing elements surrounded by transparent enclosures, e.g. evacuated solar collectors
- F24S10/45—Solar heat collectors using working fluids in absorbing elements surrounded by transparent enclosures, e.g. evacuated solar collectors the enclosure being cylindrical
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
- F24S10/30—Solar heat collectors using working fluids with means for exchanging heat between two or more working fluids
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
- F24S60/30—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors storing heat in liquids
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
Abstract
A micro-nano-graphite flake fluid solar thermal collector comprises a vacuum isolation cavity glass tube (1), a spiral ripple thermal conduction tube (2) and a thermal insulation water tank (3). The upper end and the lower end of the vacuum isolation cavity glass tube (1) are communicated with the upper end and the lower end of the spiral ripple thermal conduction tube (2) so that an annular tube can be formed. Micro-nano-graphite flake fluid is injected into the annular tube. The spiral ripple thermal conduction tube (2) is placed in the thermal insulation water tank (3). The thermal insulation water tank (3) is filled with working media and the spiral ripple thermal conduction tube (2) is dipped into the working media. The vacuum isolation cavity glass tube (1) is arranged outside the thermal insulation water tank (3). The micro-nano-graphite flake fluid is a mixture of a micro-nano-graphite flake and dimethyl thermal conduction silicone oil. The mass ratio of the micro-nano-graphite flake ranges from 0.5% to 5% and the mass ratio of the dimethyl thermal conduction silicone oil ranges from 95% to 99.5%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of solar thermal collector, particularly micro-nano graphite flake fluid solar heat collector.
Background technology
The conversion of solar thermal collector photo-thermal belongs to the key technology that solar energy utilizes, and solar thermal collector efficiency is mainly that two factors being changed by photo-thermal determine, and the one, the absorbability of heat collector to solar radiant energy, the 2nd, the radiation loss degree of heat collector.Therefore,, for improving the efficiency of heat collector, in keeping absorbing solar energy to greatest extent, reduce as far as possible its heat waste.
Existing solar thermal collector mainly contains plate and vacuum tube type heat collector, all belong to indirect absorption heat collector, solar radiation absorbs and is converted into after heat at the selective coating that is coated in dull and stereotyped and vacuum tube by plating, then the heat conduction of the metallic plate applying by coating or glass tube walls just can be passed to water or conduction oil working media.The maximum temperature point of this indirect absorption heat collector concentrates on thermal-arrest medium, heat-transfer path is, thermal-arrest medium conducts heat to the metallic plate applying or glass tube walls, the metallic plate or the glass tube walls that apply are conducted heat to working media, the metallic plate of coating thermal-arrest medium or glass tube walls opposite side are to the generation radiation of pipe external environment and heat loss through convection, and this has increased the radiation loss of system undoubtedly.Taking existing solar water heater as example, solar thermal collector adopts clear glass vacuum tube as attemperator, the mode transferring heat that utilizes secondary to conduct heat, utilize plating to be coated in the thermal-arrest Absorption of Medium sunlight heat of clear glass outer wall of inner tube, the sunshine transition heat absorbing is passed to working medium water by clear glass inner pipe wall again.Because the thermal conductivity factor of water is lower, between solid-liquid, thermal resistance is larger, and when the temperature difference is large, heat transfer efficiency is high, and while having a narrow range of temperature, heat transfer efficiency is low.The temperature difference is larger, and inevitable thermal-arrest medium temperature is higher; And thermal-arrest medium temperature is higher, the thermal loss that thermal-arrest medium causes external radiation is larger.Therefore, the collecting efficiency of existing solar thermal collector is low.
Existing solar energy vacuum tube heat collector, a class is glass absorber vacuum tube (or being called all-glass vacuum tube), a class is metal absorber vacuum tube (or being called glass-metal vacuum tube).Solar energy vacuum tube heat collector is made up of the cavity between outer tube, inner tube, outer tube and inner tube, and the plating of thermal-arrest medium is coated in the outer wall of glass inner tube or the outer wall of metal inner pipe, and the cavity between outer tube and inner tube vacuumizes.
Spectral selective absorbing coating is made up of the material with spectral selection absorption characteristic, must be a kind of composite, forms by absorbing solar radiation and reflection absorption ftir spectroscopy two sections of material.Radiation-absorbing refers to that wherein the radiation of some frequency is optionally absorbed by material particle (atom, lewis' acid etc.) in the time that material is passed through in radiation, thus the phenomenon that radiation intensity is weakened.The principle of radiation-absorbing is that the transition to high level (excitation state) by low-lying level (being generally ground state) occurs material particle.The wavelength in solar spectrum district, in the intensity of solar radiation maximum of 0.3～2.5 μ m, absorbs the most key to the light quantum of these spectral regions.Therefore, in thermal-arrest coating material, only have and have the energy level transition corresponding with the energy of wavelength 0.3～2.5 μ m photon, just there is good selection absorbability.In general, the electron transition energy levels of chromogen particle such as metal, metal oxide, metal sulfide and semiconductor and the photon energy of visible range are comparatively mated, and are the main materials of preparing solar selective coat absorbed layer, as black chromium (Cr
xo
y), black nickel (NiS-ZnS), the black (Cu of cupric oxide
xo
y) and tri-iron tetroxide (Fe
3o
4) etc.As another part of coating for selective absorption---infrared reflecting layer generally adopts the material that infrared reflectivity is higher, as the metal such as copper, aluminium, to obtain lower infrared emittance, reaches the object that reduces self radiation heat loss.
Thermal-arrest medium selects different materials to be attached to glass inner tube outer wall by different processes, or metal inner pipe outer wall; It includes:
Spraying method: vulcanized lead, cobalt oxide, iron oxide, Fe, Mn, Cu oxide.
Chemical method: cupric oxide, iron oxide.
Electrochemical method: black chromium, black nickel, black cobalt, alumilite process.
Vacuum evaporation method: black chromium/aluminium, vulcanized lead/aluminium.
Magnetically controlled sputter method: aluminium-nitrogen/aluminium, aluminium-carbon oxygen/aluminium, stainless steel-carbon/aluminium.
At present main thermal-arrest medium has several as follows: as vulcanized lead (PbS), black chromium (Cr
xo
y), black nickel (NiS-ZnS) and black cobalt etc.
Thermal-arrest medium plating is coated in glass tube, directly absorbs solar radiant energy, thermal-arrest medium be heat-absorbing material be also heat-transfer matcrial.Thermal-arrest medium for a long time in the time that be subject to radiation daytime in high temperature, cooling alternately thermal shock when do not have solar radiation night, there is stress difference in the glass that thermal-arrest medium and plating are coated with thermal-arrest medium separately specific heat capacity and the coefficient of expansion, this thermal shock colding and heat succeed each other causes stress difference between thermal-arrest medium and thermal-arrest medium plating painting glass to cause that thermal-arrest medium comes off, and causes heat absorption disabler.
Cavity vacuum environment and heat collector serviceability between outer tube and inner tube have extremely close relation, and vacuum failure or vacuum lower all can cause the decline of thermal-arrest medium heat absorption efficiency or inefficacy, and document is recorded, and the cavity between outer tube and inner tube finds that there is H
2, He, CH
4, H
2o, N
2, O
2, Ar, CO
2and the residual gas such as oil vapour [Zhou little Wen, Dong Guangjun, Zhu Xiuzhen, the residual gas analysis [J] etc. vacuum solar collector tubes when the different getter of application. solar energy journal, 2009,30 (1): 27-31].These gases are mainly derived from [Dong Guangjun due to the chemical reaction under the venting of infiltration, thermal-arrest medium, the venting of glass tube walls material, the diffusion of pump oil and the high temperature thereof of Pyrex, Zhu Xiuzhen, Zhou little Wen, Deng. complete glass vacuum sun thermal-collecting tube vacuum measurement and residual gas analysis [J]. solar energy journal, 2006,27 (12): 1235-1240].
The oxidizing gas of trace just may cause coating severe oxidation, survival gas can cause the heat loss of vacuum heat collection pipe significantly to increase aspect heat-transfer mechanism and material behavior two simultaneously, affect thermal performance of collectors [Wang Jun, Gong Guangjie, Huang Xinyan, Deng. the impact research [J] of survival gas on high-temperature vacuum heat-collecting tube heat loss. solar energy journal, 2011, 32 (1): 107-111] [Wang J, Huang X Y, Gong G J, et al.A systematic study of the residual gas effect on vacuum solar receiver[J] .Energy Conversion and Management, 2011, 52 (6): 2367-2372], Cr
xo
y/ Cr/Cr
2o
3thermal-arrest coating also easily oxidized [Barshilia H C, Selvakumar N, Rajam K S.et al.Structure and optical properties of pulsed sputter deposited Cr under atmosphere
xo
y/ Cr/Cr
2o
3solar selective coatings[J] .J Appl Phys, 2008,103 (2): 023507], destroy the cavity vacuum environment between outer tube and inner tube for residual gas, for the pressure in guarantee vacuum interlayer is lower than 5 × 10
-2pa arranges the getters such as barium aluminium nickel, zirconium vanadium iron, zirconium aluminium in vacuum chamber.Extend the thermal-collecting tube life-span.But, once getter gulp capacity is saturated, the venting of the infiltration of Pyrex, thermal-arrest medium, the venting of glass tube walls material will with thermal-arrest medium generation oxidation reaction, the heat absorption efficiency of thermal-arrest medium also will significantly reduce.
Existing solar energy glass vacuum pipe heat collector also exists various disadvantages, and such as the improper very easily bombing that adds water, frost resistance is not high.Due to the heating of leaking water in pipe of this thermal-collecting tube, water in must heating tube but cannot utilize this just to cause long rate of thermal water utilization of thermal starting time low, with the easily very difficult cleaning of scaling in pipe after a period of time, incrustation scale causes heat transfer resistance increase that collecting efficiency is reduced greatly, once the long-time air drying of lack of water thermal-arrest medium coating in pipe, makes thermal-arrest medium coating excess Temperature and the aging inefficacy that comes off.
For the problems referred to above, there is document to record nano-fluid and be applied to direct absorption solar energy high-temperature heat collection, ［ the Choi S U S such as the Choi of Argonne National Laboratory of the U.S., Eastman J A.Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluids with nanoparticles[C] .Proceedings of the1995ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, New York.1995, 99-105 ］ propose, nano metal or non-metallic powder are distributed to water, alcohol, in wet goods medium, be prepared into evenly, stable novel heat collecting medium system.
Nano metal or non-metallic powder are distributed to direct solar radiation and the existing indirect absorption heat collector of absorbing in liquid, solar radiation absorbs and is converted into after heat at the selective coating that is coated in dull and stereotyped and vacuum tube by plating, the metallic plate applying by coating again or the heat conduction of glass tube walls just can be passed to working media and compare, and direct absorption is due to the large several orders of magnitude of thermal conductivity ratio liquid of solids.Therefore, the liquid thermal conductivity factor that is suspended with solids is large more many than neat liquid, so just can avoid applying the metallic plate of thermal-arrest medium or glass tube walls opposite side to the generation radiation of pipe external environment and heat loss through convection, thereby improve the utilization ratio of solar radiation.
Along with the development of nano material technology, solar energy heating material has presented diversified development trend, the small-size effect of nano particle, quantum effect, the random characteristic of bigger serface effect and interface atomic arrangement and key configuration makes the optical characteristics of nanoparticle have larger variation, there is special optical absorption property [Kelly K L, Coronado E, Zhao L L, et al.The Optical Properties of Metal Nanoparticles:The Influence of Size, Shape, and Dielectric Environment[J] .J.Phys.Chem.B, 2003, 107 (3): 668-677].
According to thermotransport performance and the special absorbing properties of nano particle of nano-fluid excellence, there is researcher to propose the cycle fluid as direct absorption solar heat collector by nano-fluid, utilize nano-fluid directly to absorb solar radiant energy, to reach the object of the raising heat collector thermal efficiency, ［ hair is ridden the waves, Zhang Renyuan, Ke Xiufang, etc. the light thermal property research of. nano-fluid solar heat collector [J ］. solar energy journal, 2009,30(12): 1647-1652].Adopt nano-fluid can effectively improve thermal conductivity factor and the convection transfer rate of base fluid as thermal-arrest working medium.As a kind of, for directly absorbing the heat collector working medium of solar radiation, the photo-thermal conversion performance of nano-fluid is the key factor that affects its application.
［ the Sani E such as Sani E, Barison S, Pagura C, et al.Carbon nanohorns-based nanofluids as direct sunlight absorbers[J] .OPTICS EXPRESS, 2010,18 (5): 5179-5187 ］, taking SWCN-water nano-fluid as thermal-arrest working medium, studied light, the thermal characteristics of this nano-fluid.Result shows, due to the optical characteristics of nano particle, nano-fluid is obviously increased to the absorption of solar radiation.The thermal conductivity factor of nano-fluid is also higher than the thermal conductivity factor of base fluid pure water.Therefore, add SWCN nano-fluid can improve the collecting efficiency of solar thermal collector.
[the Otanicar T such as Otanicar, Phelan P E, Prasher R S, et al.Nanofluid-based direct absorption solar collector[J] .Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, 2010,2 (3): 033102] nano-fluid of being prepared by 3 kinds of nano particles (CNT, graphite and silver) is applied to direct absorption solar thermal collector and has carried out experimental study.After to experiment and numerical simulation result contrast, the maximum temperature of finding heat collector moves to fluid center from surface, reduced the radiation loss to environment, after adding nano-fluid, flow thermal conductivity coefficient significantly increases, and this is also one of reason of collecting efficiency raising.
Hair is ridden the waves and is waited employing DC carbon arc discharge to prepare carbon copper-clad nano particle, and utilization is prepared carbon copper-clad nano granule fluid and directly absorbed heat collector, has carried out the direct absorption experiment of solar radiation.In vexed solarization experiment, experiment adopts 3 kinds of identical volumes and heat absorption heat transfer area copper pipe and glass tube, copper pipe is identical with length with teat glass diameter, 0.05% carbon copper-clad nano particle adds in glycol water, and the glycol water respectively glycol water, surface in carbon copper-clad nano-fluid, teat glass in teat glass being scribbled in pitch-dark copper pipe carries out vexed solarization experiment with 3 kinds of direct acceptance conditions of different solar radiations.Clearly, the photo-thermal conversion performance of carbon copper-clad nanoparticle fluid greatly strengthen [hair is ridden the waves, Zhang Renyuan, Ke Xiufang, etc. the light thermal property research [J] of. nano-fluid solar heat collector. solar energy journal, 2009,30 (12): 1648-1652].
Above-mentioned experiment has tentatively obtained the progress of carbon copper-clad nano-fluid for direct absorption solar energy heating, but, carbon copper-clad nano-fluid still exists carbon copper-clad nano particle than great easy precipitation for the outstanding problem of direct absorption solar energy heating, is difficult to ensure nano-fluid collecting efficiency long-time stability.
Wang Fuxuan employing Graphene and multi-walled carbon nano-tubes carry out solar energy and directly absorb thermal-arrest experiment, join [HMIM] BF according to different mass fractions than (0.03wt% and 0.06wt%)
4in ionic liquid, carry out vexed solarization experimental result and show, Graphene/ionic liquid nano-fluid can significantly improve the thermal conductivity of base fluid.The thermal conductivity of ionic liquid and nano-fluid thereof and specific heat capacity raise with temperature and significantly increase, can effectively improve the optical absorption characteristics of base fluid, remarkable lifting base fluid photo-thermal conversion performance [Wang Fuxuan. the hot physical property of Graphene/ionic liquid thermal-arrest nano-fluid and photo-thermal conversion performance [D]. South China Science & Engineering University's master thesis, 2013].
Document is recorded, and single-layer graphene Single Photon Absorption coefficient is constant, is about 6.8 × 107m-1, and single-layer graphene is about 2.3% to the absorptivity of incident light; The Single Photon Absorption of double-layer graphite alkene is stronger than the Single Photon Absorption of single-layer graphene, and is segmenting variation with lambda1-wavelength, and when wavelength is greater than 3100nm, absorption coefficient is constant, is about 2.1 × 108m-1, than high 1 order of magnitude of individual layer.The two-photon absorption coefficient of single-layer graphene is directly proportional to wavelength X 4, and at visible light wave range, magnitude is 10-9m/W; Double-layer graphite alkene two-photon absorption coefficient has a very strong resonance absorbing peak at infrared band (～3100nm place), magnitude is that 10-4m/W[Chen Ying is good, Feng little Bo, Hou Dedong. the optical absorption property research [J] of individual layer and double-layer graphite alkene. Acta Physica Sinica, 2013,62 (18): 187301].
Comprehensive literature is recorded, and nano-fluid is applied to direct absorption solar energy heating, and the maximum temperature with heat collector moves to the feature at fluid center from surface.Compare existing solar energy glass vacuum pipe heat collector, reduced the radiation loss to environment.After adding nano-fluid, flow thermal conductivity coefficient significantly increases, thereby improves absorption solar energy efficiency.
In solar electromagnetic radiation energy, wavelength accounting for more than 99% between 0.15～4 μ m, and be mainly distributed in visible region and infrared region, and the wave spread of infra-red radiation 3000 nanometers to 1 millimeter solar spectrum is substantially not overlapping with heat radiation, therefore will realize best solar heat conversion, the material adopting must meet following two conditions:
The absorptivity of the solar electromagnetic radiation 1, as far as possible improving.
2,, within the scope of heat radiation wavelength, reduce as far as possible radiation loss.
During existing document is recorded, in order to improve the absorptivity of solar electromagnetic radiation, adopt metal nanoparticle as absorbing solar electromagnetic radiation material.But metal nanoparticle, than great easy precipitation, affects nano-fluid stability; Although grapheme material can overcome metal nanoparticle than great easy sedimentation problem, Graphene absorption coefficient little (absorptivity of incident light is only 2.3%), and Graphene preparation difficulty, cost is high, is difficult to large-scale promotion application.
Summary of the invention
There is following shortcoming in existing solar energy glass vacuum pipe heat collector: the plating of its vacuum heat absorbing pipe thermal-arrest medium is coated in glass tube, when be subject to radiation daytime in high temperature, cooling alternately thermal shock when do not have solar radiation night.The thermal-arrest medium being coated with due to glass-vacuum tube plating and glass tube separately specific heat capacity and the coefficient of expansion there are differences, and this thermal shock colding and heat succeed each other causes stress difference between thermal-arrest medium and glass to cause thermal-arrest medium to come off, and causes heat absorption disabler.And nano-fluid is applied to the achievement in research of direct absorption solar energy heating at present, also exists metal nanoparticle than great easy precipitation, affects the problem of nano-fluid stability; Graphene absorption coefficient little (absorptivity of incident light is only 2.3%), Graphene preparation difficulty, cost is high, is difficult to large-scale promotion application, the object of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming of above-mentioned prior art, proposes a kind of micro-nano graphite flake fluid solar heat collector.
The micro-nano graphite flake fluid solar of the present invention heat collector by the following technical solutions.
Solar thermal collector of the present invention comprises vacuum insulation chamber glass tube, helical corrugation heat pipe and attemperater.Vacuum insulation chamber glass tube is communicated with composition ring pipe with the upper and lower two ends of helical corrugation heat pipe, micro-nano graphite flake fluid injects in ring pipe.Described helical corrugation heat pipe is placed in attemperater, is full of working media in attemperater, working media submergence helical corrugation heat pipe.Described vacuum insulation chamber glass tube is arranged in outside attemperater, makes the micro-nano graphite flake fluid in the vacuum insulation chamber glass tube outside attemperater receive solar radiation.Micro-nano graphite flake fluid in helical corrugation heat pipe conducts heat to working media by helical corrugation heat pipe.For the working media that reduces temperature rising dispels the heat outward to attemperater, the inner bag of attemperater adopts metal material stainless steel or aluminium material manufacture, the shell of attemperater adopts the manufacture of metal material steel plate, filling heat insulation preservation material polyurethane foam resin between inner bag and shell.
Described vacuum insulation chamber glass tube adopts high-boron-silicon glass manufacture, and vacuum insulation chamber glass tube is made up of inner and outer tubes, is vacuum insulation chamber between inner tube and outer tube.Vacuum insulation chamber is made up of the inner tube of glass tube and the encapsulation of the two ends sintering of outer tube.In vacuum insulation chamber, vacuum exhaust is evacuated to pressure lower than 5 × 10
-2pa,, the functional structure of formation vacuum insulation heat convection.
Described helical corrugation heat pipe adopts good aluminum pipe or the copper pipe manufacture of heat conduction.The finned surface of helical corrugation can increase heat-conducting area, also has the function of the micro-nano graphite flake fluid in disturbance pipe simultaneously, increases micro-nano graphite flake fluid to tube wall exothermic coefficient.Helical corrugation is chosen 3～5 head threads, preferably 5 head threads.
Described micro-nano graphite flake fluid is micro-nano graphite flake and dimethyl thermal conductive silicon oil mixture, or micro-nano graphite flake and N-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate [HMIM] BF
4ionic liquid mixture, preferably dimethyl heat conduction silicone oil.Micro-nano graphite flake and N-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate [HMIM] BF
4the mass ratio of ionic liquid is: micro-nano graphite flake 0.5%～5%, N-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate [HMIM] BF
4ionic liquid 95%～99.5%.The mass ratio of micro-nano graphite flake and dimethyl heat conduction silicone oil is: micro-nano graphite flake 0.5%～5%, heat conduction silicone oil 95%～99.5%, preferred micro-nano graphite flake 2%, dimethyl heat conduction silicone oil 98%.
The converted products that described micro-nano graphite flake is natural flake graphite, bed thickness is 5～15nm, and diameter is 5～25 μ m, and specific area is 60m
2/ g～750m
2/ g, preferably bed thickness≤5nm, Bi Biao Mian Ji≤500m
2/ g.Graphite stable chemical nature, corrosion-resistant, be difficult for reacting with acid, alkali.
Described dimethyl heat conduction silicone oil, chemical name: dimethyl silicone polymer, good high high-temp stability and high-temperature oxidation resistance, outstanding heat conductivity and anti-chemical mediator, good Antiradiation and high temperature resistance coking capacity, long service life, is superior high temperature heat conducting medium, and water white transparency.
Described working media is water or conduction oil.
Apply the metallic plate of thermal-arrest medium or the glass tube walls heat loss to the generation radiation of pipe external environment and heat loss through convection in order to overcome existing solar thermal collector, the vacuum insulation chamber of vacuum insulation chamber glass tube forms the functional structure of vacuum insulation heat convection, and vacuum insulation chamber glass tube adopts high-boron-silicon glass manufacture.
Being placed in heat that micro-nano graphite flake fluid in ring pipe obtains by sun heat radiation directly conducts in to radiation acceptor, be micro-nano graphite flake thermal radiation thermal-arrest and temperature rise, the conduction oil temperature rise of micro-nano graphite flake periphery, the radiation of radiation acceptor self is obtained by its adjacent radiation acceptor again, obtain the radiation of the radiation acceptor formation of solar radiation, absorbed by body weight by adjacent radiation again, accept the radiation acceptor of sun heat radiation, radiation acceptor donor and acceptor each other in radiative process, thus the utilization ratio of solar radiant energy improved.
Described ring pipe is communicated with and forms with the upper and lower two ends of helical corrugation heat pipe by vacuum insulation chamber glass tube.Micro-nano graphite flake absorption of fluids solar radiation in the glass tube of vacuum insulation chamber is heated, and causes thermal expansion specific volume to increase, and proportion reduces, and micro-nano graphite flake fluid is ascending motion in the glass tube pipe of vacuum insulation chamber.In the time flowing in helical corrugation heat pipe, because helical corrugation heat pipe is immersed in the working media in attemperater, the heat of micro-nano graphite flake conducts to working media, and working media obtains heat temperature rise.
Described helical corrugation heat pipe is immersed in the interior working media of attemperater.The heat that working media outside helical corrugation heat pipe obtains micro-nano graphite flake conducts and temperature rise, and the micro-nano graphite flake fluid of the expanded by heating in helical corrugation heat pipe is but able to cooling.Cooling micro-nano graphite flake fluid temperature (F.T.) reduces, and specific volume decreases, and proportion increase.The micro-nano graphite flake fluid that proportion increases is descending motion.The proportion declining along with micro-nano graphite flake fluid temperature (F.T.) increases, and micro-nano graphite flake fluid is that downward movement enters ring pipe bottom, and constantly descending micro-nano graphite flake fluid enters the vacuum insulation chamber glass tube that bottom is communicated with.Micro-nano graphite flake fluid is again subject to solar radiation in the glass tube of vacuum insulation chamber, so circulation, and micro-nano graphite flake fluid solar heat collector has been realized the work object of continuous thermal-arrest under solar radiation.
Micro-nano graphite flake fluid is subject to solar radiation temperature rise ascending motion in the glass tube of vacuum insulation chamber, working media cooling effect outside helical corrugation heat pipe and descending motion, what the micro-nano graphite flake Fluid Circulation that this siphon is flowed replaced accepts solar radiation thermal-arrest and working media is conducted heat, working media temperature is raise, and finally reaching working media provides heat for the various Thermal Power Engineerings that need.
Need to take heat insulation measure in order to reduce heat loss working media, heat pipe is arranged in attemperater.
Described heat radiation acceptor is the material that solar radiation absorptive rate of radiation is high, can choose CNT, micro-nano graphite flake, carbon black.Large in order to obtain irradiated area, the preferably large micro-nano graphite flake of specific area.
Described micro-nano graphite flake, choose less thermal capacity, can obtain thermal response faster, choose and receive swept area greatly, can obtain larger heat radiation energy, described micro-nano graphite flake bed thickness is≤15nm, plane>=5 μ m, selection bed thickness is 5～15nm, and diameter is 5～25 μ m, and specific area is 60m
2/ g～750m
2/ g is that the thickness of single-layer graphene is more than 13 times.Graphite stable chemical nature, corrosion-resistant, be difficult for reacting with acid, alkali, the infrared wavelength of micro-nano graphite flake is greater than the absorption coefficient of 3100nm than high two orders of magnitude of single-layer graphene.Micro-nano graphite flake is more cheap compared with Graphene, the large-scale promotion of favourable product.
The heat-conducting liquid that mixes described and micro-nano graphite flake, stable in properties after selecting to be heated, the heat-conducting liquid that heat conduction is good, N-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate [HMIM] BF
4ionic liquid or dimethicone, preferably dimethicone.
Be communicated with by vacuum insulation chamber glass tube and the upper and lower two ends of helical corrugation heat pipe the working chamber that the ring pipe forming is the siphon campaign of micro-nano graphite flake fluid fluid.In micro-nano graphite flake fluid, heat radiation acceptor is micro-nano graphite flake, in the glass tube of the vacuum insulation chamber of ring pipe, absorbs solar radiation thermal-arrest.
Described vacuum insulation chamber glass tube is made up of outer tube and inner tube, between outer tube and inner tube, is heat insulation tube chamber, has avoided the backward pipe external environment of micro-nano graphite flake fluid temperature rise heat loss through convection.Vacuum insulation chamber is made up of the inner tube of glass tube and the encapsulation of the two ends sintering of outer tube, and in vacuum insulation chamber, vacuum exhaust is evacuated to pressure lower than 5 × 10
-2pa, the functional structure of formation vacuum insulation heat convection, vacuum insulation chamber glass tube adopts high-boron-silicon glass manufacture.
Described helical corrugation heat pipe conducts the heat of micro-nano graphite flake absorption of fluids solar radiation to working media.Helical corrugation heat pipe needs good heat conductivility, adopts fine copper material or aluminium manufacture.The selected material of helical corrugation heat pipe is pure copper tube or aluminum pipe, and fine copper thermal conductivity factor is 383w/m DEG C, and aluminium thermal conductivity factor is 203w/m DEG C, preferably pure copper tube.In order further to strengthen heat pipe heat conductivility, helical corrugation heat pipe need to be processed helical corrugation internal-rib and outer rib structure.In order to reduce the micro-nano graphite flake fluid resistance in helical corrugation heat pipe, helical corrugation heat pipe of the present invention is chosen helical corrugation internal-rib and the external fin of 5 helical corrugation structures.
Described working media is by the material of micro-nano graphite flake fluid heating, and optional water or oil, choose according to different fields of employment, chooses water for solar heating engineering.
Described attemperater is the container of working media, and working media is stored in container the submergence of helical corrugation heat pipe, makes helical corrugation heat pipe and working media have good heat conductive and contacts.In order to reduce the heat loss causing with surrounding air heat loss through convection after working media temperature rise, attemperater need to be taked Insulation, and condenser hot well liner is working medium container, adopts stainless steel or aluminium sheet manufacture.Attemperater shell adopts steel plate manufacture, filling with insulation material polyurethane foam resin between shell and inner bag.
The micro-nano graphite flake fluid solar of the present invention heat collector, compared with existing indirect absorption heat collector, has advantages of following:
1. resistance to freezing: micro-nano graphite flake fluid has adopted dimethyl heat conduction silicone oil, even can freezing and expansion under the severe cold condition of-50 DEG C yet.
2. non-scaling: because working media is not directly flowed through in vacuum tube, overcome the thermal resistance problem causing because of scaling.
3. pressure-bearing is high: working media does not enter in the glass tube of vacuum insulation chamber, but bear the pressure of circulating pump outward at the pipe of helical corrugation heat pipe 2, this pipe is subject to the mechanical characteristic of pressure can not cause the tube wall expansion of helical corrugation heat pipe 2 and break outward, thus in big-and-middle-sized hot-water heating system application unique advantage.
4. resistance to sudden heating is good: even if cold water is injected in the accidental maloperation of user immediately in the water heater under sunlight after air drying, vacuum insulation chamber glass tube also can not cause bursting that expansion coefficient difference causes because of the thermal shock of cataclysm.
5. overcome and apply the metallic plate of thermal-arrest medium or glass tube walls to the generation radiation of pipe external environment and heat loss through convection.
6. overcome the mode transferring heat that existing solar thermal collector technology utilizes secondary to conduct heat, improved the inefficient present situation of the low solar energy heating causing of the large heat transfer efficiency of thermal resistance between solid-liquid.
7. having overcome existing solar thermal collector causes stress difference between thermal-arrest medium and thermal-arrest medium plating painting glass to cause that thermal-arrest medium comes off, and causes heat absorption disabler at the thermal shock colding and heat succeed each other.
8., once it is saturated to have overcome getter gulp capacity, the infiltration of Pyrex, the venting of thermal-arrest medium, glass tube walls material are exitted will be with the heat absorption efficiency of thermal-arrest medium generation oxidation reaction, thermal-arrest medium also by the shortcoming significantly reducing.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the micro-nano graphite flake fluid solar of the present invention collector structure figure, in figure, and 1 vacuum insulation chamber glass tube, 2 helical corrugation heat pipes, 3 attemperaters;
Fig. 2 is ring pipe structural representation of the present invention, in figure, and 1 vacuum insulation chamber glass tube, 2 helical corrugation heat pipes;
Fig. 3 is vacuum insulation of the present invention chamber glass tube structural representation, in figure, and 1-1 vacuum insulation chamber, 1-2 outer tube, 1-3 inner tube, 1-4 two ends, 1-2 outer tube and 1-3 inner tube 1-4 two ends interlayer seal sintering;
Fig. 4 is A-A cutaway view of Fig. 3, in figure, and 1-1 vacuum insulation chamber, 1-2 outer tube, 1-3 inner tube;
Fig. 5 is helical corrugation heat pipe structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is B-B cross section view of Fig. 5.
Detailed description of the invention
Further illustrate the present invention below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in Figure 1, the micro-nano graphite flake fluid solar of the present invention heat collector comprises vacuum insulation chamber glass tube 1, helical corrugation heat pipe 2 and attemperater 3.
The two ends of vacuum insulation chamber glass tube 1 connect the two ends of helical corrugation heat pipe 2, composition ring pipe.Helical corrugation heat pipe 2 is arranged in attemperater 3, and vacuum insulation chamber glass tube 1 is arranged in outside attemperater 3.In ring pipe, inject micro-nano graphite flake fluid, be full of working medium water or oil in attemperater 3, helical corrugation heat pipe 2 is immersed in working media.
Described vacuum insulation chamber glass tube 1 adopts high-boron-silicon glass manufacture.Vacuum insulation chamber glass tube 1 is made up of inner tube 1-3 and outer tube 1-2.As shown in Figure 3, Figure 4, the inner tube 1-3 of vacuum insulation chamber glass tube 1 and the two ends 1-4 sealed sintering of outer tube 1-2, the vacuum insulation chamber 1-1 between inner tube 1-3 and outer tube 1-2 is evacuated to pressure lower than 5 × 10 by vacuum exhaust
-2pa, the functional structure of formation vacuum insulation heat convection.
Described helical corrugation heat pipe 2 adopts the good aluminum pipe of heat conduction or copper pipe manufacture, helical corrugation plays and increases heat-conducting area and also have the effect of the micro-nano graphite flake fluid in disturbance pipe simultaneously, make micro-nano graphite flake fluid have larger and helical corrugation heat pipe 2 thermal contact conductance effects, improve fluid to tube wall exothermal effect, helical corrugation adopts 3～5 spiral laminations, preferably 5 spiral laminations.
Described Graphene fluid is the mixture of micro-nano graphite flake and dimethyl heat conduction silicone oil, the mass ratio of micro-nano graphite flake and dimethyl heat conduction silicone oil is: micro-nano graphite flake 0.5%～5%, dimethyl heat conduction silicone oil 95%～99.5%, preferred micro-nano graphite flake 2%, dimethyl heat conduction silicone oil 98%.
The converted products that described micro-nano graphite flake is natural flake graphite, bed thickness is 5～15nm, and diameter is 5～25 μ m, and specific area is 60m
2/ g～750m
2/ g, preferably bed thickness≤5nm, specific area>=500m
2/ g.Graphite stable chemical nature, corrosion-resistant, be difficult for reacting with acid, alkali.
Described dimethyl heat conduction silicone oil, chemical name is dimethyl silicone polymer, there is good high high-temp stability and high-temperature oxidation resistance, good heat conductivity and anti-chemical mediator, good Antiradiation and high temperature resistance coking capacity, for the high temperature thermal conductive fluid medium of long service life, and water white transparency.
The inner bag of described attemperater 3 adopts stainless steel or aluminium sheet manufacture, and attemperater 3 shells adopt metal foil manufacture, filling with insulation material polyurethane foam resin between inner bag and shell.
When the irradiated with thermal radiation vacuum insulation chamber glass tube 1 of the sun, radiation sees through high-boron-silicon glass and is radiated on the micro-nano graphite flake fluid in vacuum insulation chamber glass tube 1, and the micro-nano graphite flake absorbed radiation energy calorimetric in micro-nano graphite flake fluid is temperature rise.The micro-nano graphite flake of temperature rise conducts heat to its dimethyl heat conduction silicone oil around, and the temperature of dimethyl heat conduction silicone oil raises, and after temperature raises, specific volume increases, and proportion reduces.Along with radiations heat energy is cumulative, specific volume further increases, proportion further reduces, the fluid that proportion reduces forms buoyancy and rises, the micro-nano graphite flake fluid of perimetrical lumen is in the heat radiation that is constantly subject to the sun, and specific volume constantly increases, and proportion constantly reduces, micro-nano graphite flake fluid forms continuous ascending motion, enters in the helical corrugation heat pipe 2 of ring pipe from glass tube 1 top, vacuum insulation chamber of ring pipe.The micro-nano graphite flake fluid entering in helical corrugation heat pipe 2 conducts heat to the working media of submergence helical corrugation heat pipe 2 by helical corrugation heat pipe 2, and working media temperature raises.The temperature of working media raises, and micro-nano graphite flake fluid is able to cooling.Cooling micro-nano graphite flake fluid specific volume reduces, and proportion increases, and in the continuous cooling procedure of working media, specific volume constantly reduces, and proportion constantly increases, and cooling micro-nano graphite flake fluid is flowed downward by proportion increasing action.Cooling micro-nano graphite flake fluid constantly flows downward, and flows to the vacuum insulation chamber glass tube 1 being connected with helical corrugation heat pipe 2.The micro-nano graphite flake fluid that flows to vacuum insulation chamber glass tube 1 is subject to solar radiative absorption solar radiation, absorbs solar radiation energy and temperature rising, and it is that specific volume increases that temperature raises, and proportion reduces, and is upwards mobile.What the micro-nano graphite flake Fluid Circulation in ring pipe replaced moves upward in glass tube 1 temperature rise of vacuum insulation chamber, reduce in helical corrugation heat pipe 2 temperature the formation siphonic effect that flows downward, siphonic effect make that the micro-nano graphite flake fluid of perimetrical lumen goes round and begins again in the interior intussusception solar radiation of vacuum insulation chamber glass tube 1, conduct heat and make the continuous temperature rise of working media to working media at helical corrugation heat pipe 2.
Claims (10)
1. a micro-nano graphite flake fluid solar heat collector, is characterized in that: described solar thermal collector comprises vacuum insulation chamber glass tube (1), helical corrugation heat pipe (2) and attemperater (3); Vacuum insulation chamber glass tube (1) is communicated with the ring pipe of composition with the upper and lower two ends of helical corrugation heat pipe (2), micro-nano graphite flake fluid injects in described ring pipe; Described helical corrugation heat pipe (2) is placed in attemperater (3), and attemperater is full of working media in (3), working media submergence helical corrugation heat pipe (2), and described vacuum insulation chamber glass tube (1) is arranged in outside attemperater (3).
2. according to micro-nano graphite flake fluid solar heat collector claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described micro-nano graphite flake fluid is the mixture of micro-nano graphite flake and dimethyl heat conduction silicone oil.
3. according to micro-nano graphite flake fluid solar heat collector claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: described micro-nano graphite flake with dimethyl thermal conductive silicon oil quality ratio is: micro-nano graphite flake 0.5%～5%, dimethyl heat conduction silicone oil 95%～99.5%.
4. according to micro-nano graphite flake fluid solar heat collector claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: described micro-nano graphite flake is preferably with dimethyl thermal conductive silicon oil quality ratio: micro-nano graphite flake 2%, dimethyl heat conduction silicone oil 98%.
5. according to micro-nano graphite flake fluid solar heat collector claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described micro-nano graphite flake fluid is micro-nano graphite flake and N-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate [HMIM] BF
4ionic liquid mixture.
6. according to the micro-nano graphite flake fluid solar heat collector described in any one of claim 2-5, it is characterized in that: the converted products that described micro-nano graphite flake is natural flake graphite, bed thickness is 1～15nm, and diameter is 5～25um, and specific area is 60m
2/ g～750m
2/ g.
7. according to the micro-nano graphite flake fluid solar heat collector described in any one of claim 2-5, it is characterized in that: the described preferred bed thickness≤5nm of micro-nano graphite flake, specific area>=500m
2/ g.
8. according to micro-nano graphite flake fluid solar heat collector claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described vacuum insulation chamber glass tube (1) adopts high-boron-silicon glass manufacture, vacuum insulation chamber glass tube (1) is made up of inner and outer tubes, two ends (1-4) sealed sintering of the inner tube (1-3) of vacuum insulation chamber glass tube (1) and outer tube (1-2), vacuum insulation chamber (1-1) vacuum exhaust between inner tube (1-3) and outer tube (1-2) is evacuated to negative pressure≤4pa.
9. according to micro-nano graphite flake fluid solar heat collector claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described helical corrugation heat pipe (2) adopts aluminium or copper production.
10. according to micro-nano graphite flake fluid solar heat collector claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the inner bag of described attemperater (3) adopts stainless steel or aluminium sheet manufacture, shell adopts metal foil manufacture, filling with insulation material between inner bag and shell.
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Application publication date: 20140723 |