CN103938096A - High-strength high-toughness hot work die steel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-strength high-toughness hot work die steel and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-strength high-toughness hot work die steel and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of the die steel. The steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.30-0.40% of C, 0.20-0.40% of Si, less than or equal to 0.006% of S, less than or equal to 0.01% of P, 0.40-0.6% of Mn, 1.70-2.20% of Mo, 5.00-5.40% of Cr, 0.50-0.60% of V, 9.50-0.60% of Co and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. The steel has the advantages of high strength, high toughness and excellent overall properties in comparison with the existing hot work die steel H13. The steel can be quenched at 1030 DEG C and tempered at a temperature above 540 DEG C, and therefore, the steel has relatively high tempering hardness and strength; the steel has higher impact toughness than the steel H13 on the premise that high hardness and strength are remained, and therefore the steel can be applied to working occasions requiring high hardness without toughness loss, and is especially applicable to manufacturing of die-casting dies of copper, aluminum and alloys, requiring high strength, high toughness and high fatigue resistance, and consequently, the service life of the die-casting die can be increased.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to die steel field, particularly a kind of high-strength high-toughness hot is made die steel and preparation method thereof.Be applicable to manufacture the hot-work dies such as hot extrusion, plug, forging die, use for finish forge machine die insert, die casting, be specially adapted to need the transfer mold of copper, aluminium and the alloy thereof of high strength, high tenacity, high fatigue resistance.
Background technology
Mould is manufacturing important process equipment, with high precision, high complexity, high consistence, high-level efficiency and low consumption that the product of die production reaches, be that other machining manufactures can not be compared, along with developing rapidly of industrial technology, in order to reduce production costs, improve production efficiency and product quality, improve the utilization ratio of material, production extensively adopts the complete processing without cutting, few cutting both at home and abroad.In the military service process of mould, mould can lose efficacy due to following three kinds of reasons, and the first, due to shock load and heating repeatedly and the cooling impact fracture causing and heat fatigue cracking; The second, because flowing, hot metal causes mould control heat etching wearing and tearing; The 3rd, under mechanical stress and thermal stresses interaction and the cavity dimension causing wearing and tearing.In use, can there is heat fatigue cracking in each hot-work die, it is that temperature cycle changes the fatigue that causes mould hollow surface that distortion repeatedly cause when impacting at every turn, it is considered to normal to the restriction of die life, but after the impact of certain number of times, crackle chap, can not meet the demands surface finish of casting, and this time, mould was just scrapped.High thermohardening, intensity, anti-temper softening, thermal conductivity and lower thermal expansivity have larger effect to improving the heat crack resistance of hot-work die steel.Therefore, use the moulding stock of high rigidity, intensity can delay the time of occurrence of heat fatigue cracking, but hardness, intensity being too high, easily there is large crackle and whole fracture in mould, and this time, mould was scrapped completely, even industrial accident can occur.Therefore higher toughness can stop heat fatigue cracking to extend to mould inside, in order to reduce hot cracking tendency and to strengthen the drag that produces thick crackle, high and isotropic plasticity and toughness are very important.Traditional H13 steel is the hot-work die steel that a kind of use range is wider, this steel is strong, toughness is high, but the use temperature system of being limited in scope, might not be applicable to all hot-work die application scenarios, if can improve toughness in the suitable heat resistance of maintenance, just can expand the use range of this moulding stock, improve the work-ing life of mould simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of high-strength high-toughness hot and make die steel and preparation method thereof, can substitute traditional H13 steel, heat resistance and toughness, temper resistance are all over the hot-work die steel of H13 steel.
According to above-mentioned purpose, steel of the present invention, with reference to the steel grades such as S7 of the U.S., suitably reduces the content of silicon addition, V on the basis of H13 (4Cr5MoSiV1), adds a small amount of Mo and Co, makes this steel grade over-all properties surmount H13 steel.The technical solution used in the present invention is: (1) reduces Si and V content, reduces primary carbide quantity in material, makes material have higher toughness; (2) suitably increase carbide forming element Mo, W, Nb content, to make up V content, reduce the hot strength disappearance of bringing, also improve the crystal grain rank in quenching process simultaneously, improve age hardening effect, drawing process is separated out nano level Mo
2c, improves material at high temperature intensity; (3) increase in right amount the content of Co, increase the solid solution capacity of Co element, to make up the strengthening effect disappearance of low Si content, further improve the hot strength of material simultaneously.Although the alloying element adding in steel of the present invention is the alloying element often adding in hot-work die steel, but each element mobility scale is to draw through a large amount of experimental datas, the ultimate constituent of steel of the present invention is the composition proportion of over-all properties optimum in the hot-work die steel of same alloy content.
According to above-mentioned purpose and overall technical architecture, the concrete technical scheme of the present invention is:
The specific chemical composition of steel of the present invention (% by weight) is: carbon C:0.30～0.40%, silicon Si:0.20～0.40%, sulphur S≤0.006%, phosphorus P≤0.01%, manganese Mn:0.40～0.6%, molybdenum Mo:1.50～2.20%, chromium Cr:5.00～5.40%, vanadium V:0.50～0.60%, cobalt Co:0.50～0.60%, all the other are Fe and inevitable impurity.
As preferably, this die steel comprises by weight percentage: carbon C:0.34～0.39%, silicon Si:0.20～0.40%, sulphur S≤0.006%, phosphorus P≤0.01%, manganese Mn:0.40～0.6%, molybdenum Mo:1.70～2.20%, chromium Cr:5.00～5.40%, vanadium V:0.50～0.60%, cobalt Co:0.50～0.60%, all the other are Fe and inevitable impurity.
As preferably, this die steel also comprises: the niobium below 0.2%.
As preferably, this mould steel also comprises 0～1% tungsten W, and chemical composition content also should meet: 1.5%≤W+Mo≤2.5%.
The effect of above-mentioned each element and proportioning foundation are as follows, below " % " expression " mass percent " in explanation:
C: in steel, carbon content determines the matrix hardness of hardened steel, for hot-work die steel, the carbon part in steel enters in the matrix of steel and causes solution strengthening.In addition a part of carbon by with alloying element in carbide forming element be combined into alloy carbide.To hot-work die steel, this alloy carbide except a small amount of residual, also require it in drawing process on quenched martensite matrix disperse educt produce secondary hardening phenomenon, thereby by equally distributed residual alloy carbide and tempered martensite, decided the performance of hot-work die steel.Large quantity research about low carbon martensite shows both at home and abroad: if will obtain good comprehensive mechanical performance, in steel, carbon amount will be controlled at 0.34-0.39%.
Si: silicon, as the alloying element in steel, is present in ferrite or austenite with sosoloid form, does not form carbide, improves annealing, normalizing and quenching temperature, improves hardening capacity.Because silicon has promoter action to segregation, easily make to form banded structure in steel, make lateral performance lower than longitudinally, therefore, on the basis of H13 steel, suitably reduce silicone content, in steel of the present invention, the content of silicon is controlled at 0.20～0.40%.
S: sulphur is easily combined with manganese in steel, form non-metallic inclusion MnS, conventionally in hot procedure, along machine direction, be elongated to as strip, the transverse toughness of steel is produced to larger impact, the equal orientation performance that reduces steel, element sulphur is often considered to harmful element in hot-work die steel, therefore, in the situation that metallurgy condition allows, should reduce, in steel of the present invention, sulphur content should be controlled at below 0.006% as far as possible.
P: phosphorus forms microsegregation when solidification of molten steel, when austenitizing temperature heats, segregation, at crystal boundary, enlarges markedly the fragility of steel subsequently.Control the content of phosphorus below 0.01%, and content is more low better.
Mn: except improving hardening capacity, can also eliminate the harmful effect of sulphur, control Mn content in the present invention at 0.4-0.6%.
Mo, W: molybdenum and tungsten are all carbides, in steel, can improve the hardening capacity of steel, in steel, form special carbide simultaneously, improve secondary hardening ability and the temper resistance of steel, in steel of the present invention, in order to control the quantity of VC primary carbide, content of vanadium reduces, in order not affect the secondary hardening ability of steel, suitably improve the content (1.70～2.20%) of molybdenum element, add part tungsten can play the effect that improves heat resistance.The molybdenum that experiment showed, increase is more combined with carbon, separates out how tiny rod-short Mo when tempering
2c carbide, plays a significantly greater role to improving the temper resistance of steel of the present invention.
Nb: niobium is carbide, and carbon solubility product is very little, is easy to form highly stable MC type carbide.Niobium has a lot of similar characteristics with vanadium, and therefore, the compound action of Nb and V has increased the effect of V.In addition, Nb also has crystal grain thinning, the effect of refined cast structure.But in hot-work die steel, Nb is easy to form bulk liquation carbide in process of setting, and unfavorable to toughness, therefore, in steel of the present invention, Nb is controlled at below 0.2%.
Cr: chromium forms carbide, can improve hardening capacity and the high temperature resistance polishing machine of steel in hot-work die steel.While quenching heating, chromium is dissolved in austenite, and after quenching, solid solution, in martensite, can improve the anti-temper softening ability of steel, during tempering, in matrix, separates out, and generally forms Cr
23c
6alloy carbide, along with the rising of tempering temperature and the prolongation of time have the trend of alligatoring, steel of the present invention is used with the suitable chromium content 5.00-5.40% of H13 steel.
V: vanadium can reduce the thermo-responsive tendency of mistake of steel.A small amount of vanadium can make crystalline grain of steel refinement, and when suitable thermal treatment is separated out carbide dispersion, vanadium can improve creep rupture strength and the creep resistance of steel, adds the vanadium of 0.1-0.3% just to have obvious effect in low alloy steel.In martensitic steel, content of vanadium reaches 0.5% just can produce enough secondary hardening effects.Content of vanadium is too high, will increase the formation probability of primary carbide VC in steel, and a large amount of existence of primary carbide, by the toughness of remarkably influenced steel, reduce the ability that hot-work die steel is resisted large crackle.Content of vanadium in H13 steel is at 0.80-1.2%, and in steel of the present invention, content of vanadium is controlled at 0.50～0.60%
Co: cobalt is mainly solid-solubilized in matrix forms hardly carbide in steel, only has the cobalt atom of minute quantity can enter into precipitated phase, and therefore, under high temperature, cobalt mainly plays solution strengthening effect.Cobalt stops, delays the gathering of other element alloy carbide in tempering or use procedure, and in steel of the present invention, adding of Co has certain effect to delaying Cr carbide gathering alligatoring, therefore, can improve the temper resistance of hot-work die steel.Cobalt is the element of steel particularly important of the present invention, and content is controlled at 0.50～0.60%.
Preparation method of the present invention is that the technical parameter of controlling in forging and annealing process is as follows:
Forge: 1140～1180 ℃ of heating and thermal insulations 1 hour (please provide the parameter area of soaking time), open forging for 1100～1150 ℃, final forging temperature must not be lower than 900 ℃, with≤30 ℃/h slow cooling to room temperature;
Annealing process: 400 ℃ of hot chargings enter stove, 880 ℃ are incubated 5 hours, to be less than the cooling rate stove of 30 ℃, are chilled to 500 ℃, the air cooling of coming out of the stove.
Steel of the present invention compare with existing hot-work die steel grade H13 there is high strength, high tenacity, the advantage that over-all properties is good.Steel of the present invention is 1030 ℃ of quenchings, 540 ℃ of above temperature tempering, there is higher tempered-hardness and intensity, on the basis that keeps higher hardness and intensity, have and compare higher impelling strength with H13, the toughness of loss material not to such an extent as to steel of the present invention can be used in the workplace of the higher hardness of needs, be specially adapted to need the manufacture of die casting of copper, aluminium and the alloy thereof of high strength, high tenacity, high fatigue resistance, improve the work-ing life of die casting.
Embodiment
According to above-mentioned designed chemical composition scope, on 25Kg vacuum induction furnace, smelted 4 stove steel of the present invention and 1 stove compared steel (H13), its specific chemical composition is as shown in table 1.Molten steel casting becomes ingot, and through 1140～1180 ℃ of heating and thermal insulations, opens forging for 1100～1150 ℃, final forging temperature>=900 ℃, and slow cooling, to room temperature, is made
15mm bar.Steel of the present invention and compared steel enter stove in 400 ℃ of hot chargings simultaneously, and 880 ℃ are incubated 5 hours, to be less than the cooling rate stove of 30 ℃, are chilled to 500 ℃.After annealing, be processed into sample, through quenching, temper (1030 ℃ of quenchings, 510～650 ℃ of tempering), its room-temperature mechanical property is in Table 2～5.
Steel of the present invention
1, through 1030 ℃ of quenchings, after 570 ℃, 600 ℃ high temperings, steel hardness of the present invention is higher than compared steel, and all the other temperature tempered-hardnesses and compared steel be (in Table 2) quite.
2,, through 1030 ℃ of quenchings, after each temperature high tempering, steel tensile strength of the present invention and compared steel be (in Table 3) quite
3, through quenching, after tempering, steel impelling strength of the present invention is higher than compared steel (in Table 4)
4, through quenching, after temper (quench, 1030 ℃ * 30min of tempering process oil quenchinng+600 ℃ * twice of 2h air cooling tempering), steel of the present invention has stronger red hardness, anti-temper softening ability (in Table 5).
The chemical composition of table 1 steel embodiment of the present invention and compared steel, % by weight
The hardness value of table 2 steel embodiment of the present invention and the tempering of 1030 ℃ of quenching differing tempss of compared steel
The tensile strength table of table 3 steel embodiment of the present invention and compared steel
The U-shaped notch impact toughness table of table 4 steel embodiment of the present invention and compared steel
The anti-temper softening hardness data sheet (HRC) of table 5 steel embodiment of the present invention and compared steel
(note: quench, 1030 ℃ * 3Omin of tempering process oil quenchinng+600 ℃ * twice of 2h air cooling tempering).
Claims (5)
1. a high-strength high-toughness hot is made die steel, it is characterized in that, chemical component weight % is: carbon C:0.30～0.40%, silicon Si:0.20～0.40%, sulphur S≤0.006%, phosphorus P≤0.01%, manganese Mn:0.40～0.6%, molybdenum Mo:1.50～2.20%, chromium Cr:5.00～5.40%, vanadium V:0.50～0.60%, cobalt Co:0.50～0.60%, all the other are Fe and inevitable impurity.
2. hot-work die steel as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, carbon C:0.34～0.39%, molybdenum Mo:1.70～2.20%.
3. hot-work die steel as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, chemical composition also comprises: the niobium Nb below 0.2%.
4. hot-work die steel as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, also comprise 0～1% tungsten W, and chemical composition content also should meet: 1.5%≤W+Mo≤2.5%.
5. a preparation method for the hot-work die steel described in claim 1～4, is characterized in that, the technical parameter of controlling in forging and annealing process is as follows:
Forge: 1140～1180 ℃ of heating and thermal insulations 1 hour, open forging for 1100～1150 ℃, final forging temperature must not be lower than 900 ℃, with≤30 ℃/h slow cooling to room temperature; Annealing process: 400 ℃ of hot chargings enter stove, 880 ℃ are incubated 5 hours, to be less than the cooling rate stove of 30 ℃, are chilled to 500 ℃, the air cooling of coming out of the stove.
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104178694A (en) * | 2014-08-13 | 2014-12-03 | 上海恺虹实业有限公司 | Long-service life hot work die steel |
| CN106811683A (en) * | 2017-03-27 | 2017-06-09 | 钢铁研究总院 | A kind of Al Nb V composite alloyings critical point mould steel high |
| CN107653416A (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2018-02-02 | 唐山志威科技有限公司 | One kind has high tenacity, high iso advanced hot die steel |
| CN107916321A (en) * | 2016-10-10 | 2018-04-17 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | A kind of heat treatment process of hot die steel |
| CN108380841A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2018-08-10 | 湖北川冶科技有限公司 | A kind of die casting proprietary material |
| CN108950394A (en) * | 2018-07-24 | 2018-12-07 | 东莞市创金属制品有限公司 | A kind of mold special steel |
| CN109112426A (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2019-01-01 | 宝钢特钢有限公司 | A kind of high heat-intensity hot-work die steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN109852880A (en) * | 2019-01-10 | 2019-06-07 | 上海大学 | A kind of high heat-intensity hot-work die steel and its manufacturing method |
| CN110819901A (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2020-02-21 | 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司 | High-strength brake disc bolt steel and heat treatment process thereof |
| CN114134412A (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2022-03-04 | 内蒙古北方重工业集团有限公司 | Hot work die steel and method for refining uniform grain structure thereof |
| CN114934230A (en) * | 2022-05-27 | 2022-08-23 | 天津钢研海德科技有限公司 | Hot work die steel with high tempering softening resistance and high toughness and manufacturing method thereof |
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| CN109852880A (en) * | 2019-01-10 | 2019-06-07 | 上海大学 | A kind of high heat-intensity hot-work die steel and its manufacturing method |
| CN110819901A (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2020-02-21 | 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司 | High-strength brake disc bolt steel and heat treatment process thereof |
| CN114134412A (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2022-03-04 | 内蒙古北方重工业集团有限公司 | Hot work die steel and method for refining uniform grain structure thereof |
| CN114934230A (en) * | 2022-05-27 | 2022-08-23 | 天津钢研海德科技有限公司 | Hot work die steel with high tempering softening resistance and high toughness and manufacturing method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20140723 |