CN103937565B - A kind of preparation method of coal tar emulsifying agent - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of coal tar emulsifying agent Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The preparation method that the invention discloses a kind of coal tar emulsifying agent, with crude naphthalene for raw material, in a heated state, LOMAR PWA EINECS 246-676-2 is obtained after sulfuric acid sulfonation, obtaining naphthalene sulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensation product aqueous solution with formalin condensation again, then with lignosulfonates aqueous solution, last and formalin condensation obtains lignin naphthalene sulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensation product aqueous solution, adopt alkali liquor to regulate pH value to 10-13, be emulsifying agent.This emulsifying agent is raw materials used cheap, and wide material sources are beneficial to environmental protection；Adopting coal tar emulsifying agent addition prepared by the method few, emulsifying effectiveness is good, and emulsification condition requires low, easy to use, and amount of water excursion is big, applied range.
Description
Technical field
The preparation method that the present invention relates to a kind of chemical industry additive, the preparation method being specifically related to a kind of coal tar emulsifying agent.
Background technology
When coal tar is coal dry distilling, the black of generation or pitchy viscous liquid, be the significant by-products of Coal dressing industry.Composition in coal tar reaches up to ten million kind, mainly has the aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene,toluene,xylene, naphthalene, anthracene and aromatic series oxygenatedchemicals (such as point compounds such as phenol), the gas chromatography such as sulfur-bearing, nitrogenous heterocyclic compound.For a long time, coal tar is always as important industrial chemicals, but the volume of production of coal tar is more than the processing capacity of chemical industry, has substantial amounts of coal tar well to be utilized.For solving energy deficiency, many places coal tar is as fuel instead heavy oil, heavy diesel fuel burning boiler.But coal tar viscosity is big, poor fluidity, colloid are big, easily block boiler filter screen, spray tip coking, incomplete combustion, and impact is normal to be produced, and constrains the development of coal tar.
Coal tar emulsifying technology is with cheap coal tar for primary raw material, is processed by water emulsifying, suitable adjustment, prepare meet the requirements, suitable in the fuel oil of boiler combustion.But, it being mostly focused in coal tar doping petrochemical industry residual oil (former residual oil) emulsifying afterwards about the research of coal tar emulsifying at present, and residual oil is relatively costly, this can strengthen the use cost of coal tar.Separately have been reported that, coal tar adds a small amount of coal dust or coke powder emulsifier, stable emulsion can be prepared, but the membership that adds of coal dust increases the viscosity of emulsion, and the conveying of coal tar is brought difficulty.It addition, the emulsifying agent being used for emulsifying coal tar mostly is the built agent of span and TWEEN Series, use loaded down with trivial details, price is higher, poor for applicability, the proportioning of the span and tween that are namely applicable to coalite tar is not necessarily suitable high temperature coal-tar, and the amount of water in coal tar is lower than 30%.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the preparation method that the invention provides a kind of coal tar emulsifying agent, with crude naphthalene for raw material, in a heated state, after sulfuric acid sulfonation, obtain LOMAR PWA EINECS 246-676-2, then obtain naphthalene sulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensation product aqueous solution with formalin condensation, then with lignosulfonates aqueous solution, last and formalin condensation obtains lignin naphthalene sulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensation product aqueous solution, adopts alkali liquor to regulate pH value to 10-13, is emulsifying agent.This emulsifying agent is raw materials used cheap, and wide material sources are beneficial to environmental protection；Adopting coal tar emulsifying agent addition prepared by the method few, emulsifying effectiveness is good, and emulsification condition requires low, easy to use, and amount of water excursion is big, applied range.
A kind of preparation method of coal tar emulsifying agent, its concrete preparation process is as follows:
(1) with crude naphthalene for raw material, in a heated state, after sulfuric acid sulfonation, LOMAR PWA EINECS 246-676-2 is obtained；
(2) in a heated state, in step (1) gained LOMAR PWA EINECS 246-676-2, drip formalin, be dissolved in water, obtain naphthalene sulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensation product aqueous solution；
(3) step (2) gained naphthalene sulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensation product aqueous solution and lignosulfonates aqueous solution, in a heated state, then drip formalin, obtain lignin naphthalene sulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensation product aqueous solution, adopt alkali liquor to regulate pH value to 10-13, be emulsifying agent.
Aromatic hydrocarbons and the aromatic series oxygenatedchemicalss thereof such as benzene,toluene,xylene, naphthalene, anthracene is had due to the composition of coal tar, why selecting crude naphthalene is raw material, it is because according to similar compatibility principle, the addition of naphthalene can increase the lipophile of emulsifying agent, meanwhile, crude naphthalene is cheap, and purity is high, sulfonation is effective, effective with the emulsifier that crude naphthalene is prepared for raw material.
Described crude naphthalene is commercially available prod, and wherein the mass fraction containing naphthalene is 95%.
The ligninsulfonate adopted contains substantial amounts of phenyl ring and hydrophilic ehter bond and sulfonate radical, good hydrophilic property；The ligninsulfonate simultaneously adopted is papermaking wastewater, and price is relatively low, reduces environmental pollution, is conducive to environmental protection.
Step (1) described sulphuric acid is mass fraction to be the concentrated sulphuric acid of 70%-99% or is the oleum of 10%-66% containing SO3 mass fraction.
The mol ratio of step (1) described crude naphthalene and sulphuric acid is 1:1-1.3.If molar ratio range is excessive, generates the many sulfonic acid of by-product naphthalene, namely naphthalene molecule connects two or more sulfonate radical, be unfavorable for the generation of target product；If molar ratio range is too small, naphthalene is likely not to have and reacts completely, and causes final effective content on the low side, affects result of use.Being slight excess of used herein of sulphuric acid, why sulphuric acid is somewhat excessive, and being because step (1), step (2) and step (3) needs could react better in acid condition.
Reaction temperature under step (1) described heated condition is 120 DEG C-160 DEG C, and the response time is 2 hours-4 hours.The LOMAR PWA EINECS 246-676-2 that step (1) generates requires to be beta-naphthalenesulfonic-acid, because α-naphthalenesulfonicacid will be unfavorable for the carrying out of reaction due to space steric effect.If reaction temperature is too high, energy dissipation is many, and commercial production cost is high；If reaction temperature is too low, then generates α-naphthalenesulfonicacid or reaction efficiency is low, so do not reach the requirement of reaction.It addition, the fusing point of beta-naphthalenesulfonic-acid salt is 124 DEG C, temperature is too low may be precipitated out.If the response time is too small, then reaction is not exclusively；If the response time is excessive, although the extent of reaction is high, but can affect industrial production efficiency.
Step (2) described crude naphthalene is 1:0.8-1.3 with the mol ratio of formaldehyde in formalin.If molar ratio range is excessive, namely the addition of formaldehyde is very few, condensation degree can be caused inadequate, affect the result of use of emulsifying agent；If molar ratio range is excessive, namely the addition of formaldehyde is excessive, causes condensation degree excessive, and reactant thickness even solidifies, it is easy to cause the accident.
Step (2) described formalin is be the formalin solution of 35%-40% containing formaldehyde mass fraction.
Reaction temperature under step (2) described heated condition is 100-120 DEG C, and the response time is 2-4 hour.If reaction temperature is too high, then considering from industrialization angle, energy waste is serious, and side reaction simultaneously is more；If reaction temperature is too low, then reacts not exclusively or reaction rate is low.If the response time is long, then reaction efficiency is low, affects industrialized production speed；If the response time is too short, then reaction not exclusively, affects final emulsifying effectiveness.
LOMAR PWA EINECS 246-676-2 described in step (2) drips formalin, is dissolved in water, obtains naphthalene sulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensation product aqueous solution.Here why add water, be because naphthalene sulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensation product water content very little time, be very thickness or even solid state, the purpose adding water is to make naphthalene sulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensation product dissolve, and obtains naphthalene sulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensation product aqueous solution, in order to participate in reaction better.
Step (3) described lignosulfonates: naphthalene sulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensation product: the mass ratio of formaldehyde is 1:0.2-0.5:0.3-0.5.The quality of naphthalene sulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensation product here be formaldehyde in step (1) described crude naphthalene, sulphuric acid and step (2) formalin quality and.What play a crucial role in this proportioning is the proportioning of lignosulfonates and naphthalene sulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensation product, the good hydrophilic property of lignosulfonates, and the lipophile of naphthalene sulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensation product is good.So, if the addition of lignosulfonates is very few, the hydrophilic of final emulsifying agent is poor, and the maximum adding quantity of emulsifying coal tar can reduce, it is possible to amount of water does not reach 50%；If the addition of naphthalene sulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensation product is very few, the lipophile of final emulsifying agent is poor, the poor stability of emulsifying coal tar, it is easy to precipitate out water.In step (2) and step (3), the addition of formalin plays link effect, couples together by two molecules.If addition is too much, then cause the wasting of resources；If addition is very few, then do not have link effect.
Step (3) described formalin is be the formalin solution of 35%-40% containing formaldehyde mass fraction.
Reaction temperature under step (3) described heated condition is 90-100 DEG C, and the response time is 2-4h.If reaction temperature is too high, then energy waste, side reaction is likely to more；If reaction temperature is low, then reacts and do not carry out or to carry out speed slow.If the response time is too short, then the extent of reaction is inadequate, affects emulsifying agent result of use；If the response time is long, then affect industrial production efficiency.
Step (3) described alkali liquor is one or more in ammonia or sodium hydroxide solution or potassium hydroxide solution.Adopting the purpose that alkali liquor regulates to be controlled between 10-13 by pH value (i.e. acidity) exactly, as long as regulating pH value to 10-13, the concentration not requirement to alkali liquor, as long as in its solubility range.If pH value is too small, then SO3 -It is likely to SO3The form of H exists, and affects the water solublity of emulsifying agent；If pH value is excessive, then both easily caused canister corrosion, also resulted in the waste of alkali liquor raw material.
Step (3) described lignosulfonates are the one in sodium lignin sulfonate or calcium lignosulfonate or ammonium lignosulphonate.
Step (3) described lignosulfonates add as a solution.
The addition of described emulsifying agent, by consolidating containing thing in emulsifying agent, is 0.1 ‰-4 ‰, namely adds 0.1g-4g emulsifying agent in every 1000g coal tar emulsion (coal tar+water).Here coal tar emulsion refers to the emulsion after coal tar adds water, the described quality that amount is water added water accounts for the mass percent of coal tar emulsion (coal tar+water), the emulsifying agent prepared by the present invention is adopted to be applied in coal tar emulsion, wherein amount of water is 10%-50%, and namely containing quality in coal tar emulsion is the water for 10%-50%.The purpose that coal tar adds water is: (1) " microexplosion " principle: in water-in-oil emulsified, oil is continuous phase, water is dispersion phase, when nozzle atomization is burnt, in the extremely short time, under the effect of high temperature, wrap in the water droplet temperature within oil particles raise rapidly vaporization, volume sharply expands, when temperature is raised to 300 DEG C, volume may be expanded to 1650 times under room temperature, this makes the oil droplet moment being atomized pop, become less oil droplet, namely " secondary-atomizing " is produced, the contact area thus making fuel oil and air increases substantially, can mix fully with air, reach to burn completely；(2) at high temperature, red-hot carbon granule and steam generation water gas reaction, generation fuel gas CO and H2, therefore the speed of burning and efficiency are all greatly improved so that the white carbon black retained or amount of coke become little, improve the utilization rate of fuel；(3) temperature of combustion flame can be controlled, it is to avoid localized hyperthermia. make it burn at a constant temperature.
The emulsifying that adds water in coal tar can improve the various drawbacks that coal tar directly burns, such as spray tip coking, incomplete combustion etc..Water content in coal tar emulsion is directly proportional to the emulsifiability of emulsifying agent, and namely water content is more big, and the emulsifying capacity of emulsifying agent is more strong, and the stabilization time of emulsifying coal tar is also more long.Meanwhile, the amount of water of wide scope disclosure satisfy that coal tar demand in different industrial processes, and range of application is wider.
Emulsifying agent using method prepared by the present invention is as follows:
(1) coal tar is preheated with the temperature of 70 DEG C, emulsifying agent is added emulsification pretreatment in preheated coal tar, add water and carry out emulsification pretreatment；Or
(2) coal tar is preheated with the temperature of 70 DEG C, emulsifying agent is added to the water mixing, add and coal tar carries out emulsification pretreatment.
With the second using method the best in above two method, this is because by the first using method, if being separately added in coal tar by emulsifying agent and water carry out emulsification pretreatment, owing to emulsifying is uneven, the emulsifying effectiveness obtained is likely to non-optimal；And press the second using method, emulsifying agent is added in water, i.e. " dilution ", then is added in coal tar together, or emulsifying agent is initially charged in coal tar, add in water, so carry out the emulsifying effectiveness that emulsifying obtains relatively better.
Coal tar emulsifying agent prepared by the present invention, with crude naphthalene for raw material, in a heated state, LOMAR PWA EINECS 246-676-2 is obtained after sulfuric acid sulfonation, obtain naphthalene sulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensation product aqueous solution with formalin condensation again, then with lignosulfonates aqueous solution, obtain lignin naphthalene sulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensation product aqueous solution with formalin condensation, finally adopt alkali liquor to regulate pH value to 10-13, be emulsifying agent.Adopt emulsifying agent lignin naphthalene sulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensation product prepared by the method for the invention, addition due to naphthyl, aromatic rings content increases, and the component of coal tar mostly is aromatic hydrocarbons or aromatic series oxygenatedchemicals, according to similar compatibility principle, the absorption property of this emulsifying agent is strengthened, it is possible to be adsorbed on preferably in coal tar；Emulsifying agent lignin naphthalene sulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensation product there are substantial amounts of hydroxyl and sulfonate radical simultaneously, hydrophilic is strong, the hydrophilic making emulsifying agent is greatly enhanced, coal tar and water can be dissolved each other with arbitrary proportion, the emulsifying capacity of this explanation emulsifying agent prepared by the present invention is strong, disclosure satisfy that the industrial requirements of different moisture content, applied range in coal tar emulsion.
Emulsifying agent prepared by the method for the invention is raw materials used cheap, and wide material sources are beneficial to environmental protection；In coal tar, addition is few, and emulsifying effectiveness is good, and emulsification condition requires low, easy to use, it is possible to coal tar and water are dissolved each other with arbitrary proportion, it is possible to meet the industrial requirements of different moisture content, applied range in coal tar emulsion.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
A kind of preparation method of coal tar emulsifying agent, its concrete preparation process is as follows:
(1) crude naphthalene 25.6g being heated to 120 DEG C of thawings, dropping mass fraction is the concentrated sulphuric acid 28g of 70%, is react 2 hours at 120 DEG C in temperature, obtains LOMAR PWA EINECS 246-676-2；
(2) dripping mass fraction in step (1) gained LOMAR PWA EINECS 246-676-2 is the formalin 13.7g of 35%, is react 4 hours at 100 DEG C in temperature, is dissolved in water, obtains the aqueous solution containing 50g naphthalene sulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensation product；
(3) step (2) gained naphthalene sulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensation product aqueous solution and the aqueous solution containing 250g sodium lignin sulfonate, drip the formalin 476.2g that mass fraction is 35% again, it is react 2 hours at 100 DEG C in temperature, obtain lignin naphthalene sulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensation product aqueous solution, adopt ammonia to regulate pH value to 10, be emulsifying agent.
Embodiment 2
A kind of preparation method of coal tar emulsifying agent, its concrete preparation process is as follows:
(1) crude naphthalene 12.8Kg being heated to 120 DEG C of thawings, dropping mass fraction is the concentrated sulphuric acid 12.9Kg of 99%, is react 4 hours at 140 DEG C in temperature, obtains LOMAR PWA EINECS 246-676-2；
(2) dripping mass fraction in step (1) gained LOMAR PWA EINECS 246-676-2 is the formalin 7.5Kg of 40%, is react 2 hours at 120 DEG C in temperature, is dissolved in water, obtains the aqueous solution containing 28.5Kg naphthalene sulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensation product；
(3) step (2) gained naphthalene sulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensation product aqueous solution and the aqueous solution containing 71.3Kg calcium lignosulfonate, drip the formalin 71.3Kg that mass fraction is 40% again, it is react 4 hours at 90 DEG C in temperature, obtain lignin naphthalene sulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensation product aqueous solution, adopt sodium hydroxide solution to regulate pH value to 12, be emulsifying agent.
Embodiment 3
A kind of preparation method of coal tar emulsifying agent, its concrete preparation process is as follows:
(1) crude naphthalene 128g being heated to 120 DEG C of thawings, dropping is containing SO3Mass fraction is the oleum 127.2g of 10%, is react 3 hours at 160 DEG C in temperature, obtains LOMAR PWA EINECS 246-676-2；
(2) dripping mass fraction in step (1) gained LOMAR PWA EINECS 246-676-2 is the formalin 102.6g of 38%, is react 3 hours at 110 DEG C in temperature, is dissolved in water, obtains the aqueous solution containing 294.2g naphthalene sulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensation product；
(3) step (2) gained naphthalene sulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensation product aqueous solution and the aqueous solution containing 588.4g calcium lignosulfonate, drip the formalin 774.2g that mass fraction is 38% again, it is react 3 hours at 95 DEG C in temperature, obtain lignin naphthalene sulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensation product aqueous solution, adopt potassium hydroxide solution to regulate pH value to 13, be emulsifying agent.
Embodiment 4
A kind of preparation method of coal tar emulsifying agent, its concrete preparation process is as follows:
(1) crude naphthalene 38.4Kg being heated to 120 DEG C of thawings, dropping is containing SO3Mass fraction is the oleum 49.8Kg of 66%, is react 2.5 hours at 150 DEG C in temperature, obtains LOMAR PWA EINECS 246-676-2；
(2) dripping mass fraction in step (1) gained LOMAR PWA EINECS 246-676-2 is the formalin 300Kg of 36%, is react 3.5 hours at 105 DEG C in temperature, is dissolved in water, obtains the aqueous solution containing 196.2Kg naphthalene sulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensation product；
(3) step (2) gained naphthalene sulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensation product aqueous solution and the aqueous solution containing 654Kg sodium lignin sulfonate, drip the formalin 1362.5Kg that mass fraction is 36% again, it is react 2.5 hours at 98 DEG C in temperature, obtain lignin naphthalene sulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensation product aqueous solution, adopt ammonia spirit and sodium hydroxide solution to regulate pH value to 11, be emulsifying agent.
Test example
Test example 1
By consolidating containing thing in emulsifying agent, the emulsifying agent 2.0g of Example 1 preparation is dissolved in 90mL water, is then added in 500mL coal tar with in 2000r/min shear rate emulsifying 30min, constant temperature 70 DEG C stands 48h, anhydrous precipitation, then left at room temperature 24h, anhydrous precipitation.
Test example 2
By consolidating containing thing in emulsifying agent, the emulsifying agent 1.8g of Example 2 preparation is dissolved in 100mL water, joins in 570mL coal tar with in 2000r/min shear rate emulsifying 30min, constant temperature 70 DEG C stands 48h, anhydrous precipitation, then left at room temperature 24h, anhydrous precipitation.
Test example 3
By consolidating containing thing in emulsifying agent, the emulsifying agent 2.8g of Example 3 preparation is dissolved in 100mL water, joins in 580mL coal tar with in 2000r/min shear rate emulsifying 30min, constant temperature 70 DEG C stands 48h, anhydrous precipitation, then left at room temperature 24h, anhydrous precipitation.
Test example 4
By consolidating containing thing in emulsifying agent, the emulsifying agent 0.605g of Example 4 preparation is dissolved in 105mL water, joins in 600mL coal tar with in 2000r/min shear rate emulsifying 30min, constant temperature 70 DEG C stands 48h, anhydrous precipitation, then left at room temperature 24h, anhydrous precipitation.
From test example 1-4 it can be seen that the emulsifying capacity of anhydrous precipitation explanation emulsifying agent is better, coal tar and water are not layered, the existence that emulsifying coal tar can be stable；And compared with existing emulsifying agent, in coal tar amount of water identical and can stable existence when, solid containing thing by emulsifying agent, the addition of emulsifying agent prepared by the present invention is 0.1 ‰-4 ‰, and the addition of commercial emulsifier is all more than 5 ‰.
Claims (5)
1. the preparation method of a coal tar emulsifying agent, it is characterised in that: its concrete preparation process is as follows:
(1) with crude naphthalene for raw material, in a heated state, after sulfuric acid sulfonation, LOMAR PWA EINECS 246-676-2 is obtained；
(2) in a heated state, in step (1) gained LOMAR PWA EINECS 246-676-2, drip formalin, be dissolved in water, obtain naphthalene sulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensation product aqueous solution；
(3) step (2) gained naphthalene sulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensation product aqueous solution and lignosulfonates aqueous solution, in a heated state, then drip formalin, obtain lignin naphthalene sulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensation product aqueous solution, adopt alkali liquor to regulate pH value to 10-13, be emulsifying agent；
The mol ratio of step (1) described crude naphthalene and sulphuric acid is 1:1-1.3；
Step (1) described crude naphthalene is 1:0.8-1.3 with the mol ratio of formaldehyde in step (2) described formalin；
Reaction temperature under step (2) described heated condition is 100-120 DEG C, and the response time is 2-4 hour；
Step (3) described lignosulfonates: naphthalene sulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensation product: the mass ratio of formaldehyde is 1:0.2-0.5:0.3-0.5；
Reaction temperature under step (3) described heated condition is 90-100 DEG C, and the response time is 2-4h.
2. the preparation method of coal tar emulsifying agent according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step (1) described sulphuric acid is mass fraction is the concentrated sulphuric acid of 70%-99% or containing SO3Mass fraction is the oleum of 10%-66%.
3. the preparation method of coal tar emulsifying agent according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the reaction temperature under step (1) described heated condition is 120-160 DEG C, and the response time is 2-4 hour.
4. the preparation method of coal tar emulsifying agent according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step (3) described lignosulfonates are the one in sodium lignin sulfonate or calcium lignosulfonate or ammonium lignosulphonate.
5. the preparation method of coal tar emulsifying agent according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step (3) described alkali liquor is one or more in ammonia or sodium hydroxide solution or potassium hydroxide solution.
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