CN103936987A - Carbon nanotube composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Carbon nanotube composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a carbon nanotube composite material and a preparation method thereof and relates to the technical field of nanomaterial synthesis. The preparation method comprises the following steps: polymerizing ammonium persulfate used as the oxidant and purified multiwalled carbon nanotubes used as a carrier of polyaniline at 0 DEG C ambient temperature to obtain a stable polyaniline/multi-walled carbon nanotubes composite material, and then introducing manganese dioxide under acidic conditions to obtain a manganese dioxide/polyaniline/multi-walled carbon nanotubes composite material. The carbon nanotube composite material is in a tubular structure and polyaniline having particle size of 30-40nm is attached to a tubular body. The electrode made of the multi-walled carbon nanotubes composite material exhibits ideal capacitive properties. The composite material is simple in preparation and has broad application prospect in terms of the super capacitor.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the synthesis technical field of nano material.
Background technology
Conductive polymers, because having unique structure and physical and chemical performance, can be used as ultracapacitor fake capacitance type electrode materials.But its cycle performance is poor, therefore often itself and electrostatic double layer type carbon-based material are carried out compound.By integrating the premium properties of this bi-material, the nanotechnology Application Areas new is occupied very large advantage by carbon nanotube loaded conducting polymer composite material.Many researchists have reported carbon nanotube and the compound synthesis technique of conductive polymers, and the polymkeric substance wherein adopting has polypyrrole, polyaniline etc.
At present, in numerous conductive polymerss, polyaniline has raw material and is easy to get, synthetic easy, electric conductivity is high, the feature of unique mechanism of doping effect, has very large development potentiality in conducting high polymers thing field.Because carbon nanotube has higher electroconductibility, and be combined with polyaniline and easily form the advantage of grid structure, by compound to polyaniline and a small amount of carbon nanotube, just can improve significantly conductivity and the mechanical property of polyaniline.Because polyaniline nano fiber has large specific surface area, high porosity, considers can improve with Polyaniline-modified Manganse Dioxide the electrochemistry electroconductibility that manganese bioxide electrode material is low, improves the utilization ratio of Manganse Dioxide.Meanwhile, can improve stability and the high rate performance of electrode materials.Although the research of polyaniline/manganese dioxide and carbon nano-tube/poly aniline binary matrix material has been reported, for the preparation of Manganse Dioxide/polyaniline/multi-walled carbon nano-tubes trielement composite material and as the report that there is not yet of electrode material for super capacitor.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of method Manganse Dioxide/polyaniline easy, with low cost/multi-walled carbon nano-tubes trielement composite material.
Manganse Dioxide/polyaniline/multi-wall carbon nano-tube composite material of the present invention has following characteristics: in tubular construction, the external diameter of body is 20～40 nm to matrix material, is attached with the polyaniline that particle diameter is 30～40nm on body.
Can be observed product from transmission electron microscope (TEM) and have above feature, carbon nano tube surface original position generates one deck polyaniline particle, and polyaniline uniform particles is coated on carbon nano tube surface.
Because carbon nanotube has higher electroconductibility, and be combined with polyaniline and easily form the advantage of grid structure, by compound to polyaniline and a small amount of carbon nanotube, just can improve significantly conductivity and the mechanical property of polyaniline.Polyaniline nano fiber has large specific surface area, and high porosity is considered can improve manganese bioxide electrode material low electric conductivity with Polyaniline-modified Manganse Dioxide, and Manganse Dioxide also can improve the specific volume of material.Meanwhile, can improve stability and the high rate performance of electrode materials.Prepare Manganse Dioxide/polyaniline/multi-wall carbon nano-tube composite material electrode and demonstrate desirable capacitive properties, this matrix material is prepared simple and easy to do, aspect ultracapacitor, has broad application prospects.
The present invention also proposes the preparation method of above matrix material.
Preparation method is: using ammonium persulphate as oxygenant, carrier using the multi-walled carbon nano-tubes of purifying as polyaniline, under 0 DEG C of ambient temperature conditions, polymerization obtains stable polyaniline/multi-wall carbon nano-tube composite material, then under acidic conditions, introduces Manganse Dioxide and obtain Manganse Dioxide/polyaniline/multi-wall carbon nano-tube composite material.
It is first to remove multi-walled carbon nano-tubes decolorizing carbon and granules of catalyst in process of production that the present invention adopts the multi-walled carbon nano-tubes object of purifying.Process characteristic of the present invention has:
(1), taking ammonium persulphate as oxygenant, polyaniline generates and forms uniform coating layer in carbon nano tube surface original position.Then under acidic conditions, introduce Manganse Dioxide and obtain Manganse Dioxide/polyaniline/multi-wall carbon nano-tube composite material.Compared with common polyaniline/multi-wall carbon nano-tube composite material route of synthesis, save preparation reagent, simplify production craft step.
(2) under 0 DEG C of ambient temperature conditions, polymerization is conducive to improve the molecular weight of polyaniline and obtains the narrower polymkeric substance of molecular weight distribution.
(3) the method raw material is easy to get, and product circulation ratio is high.
The method of concrete purification of Multi-wall Carbon Nanotubes is: multi-walled carbon nano-tubes (MWNTs) is scattered in to HNO
3in the aqueous solution, after the condition lower magnetic force that is 120 DEG C stirs, after centrifugal, be precipitated thing, more colourless to washings through centrifuge washing in the temperature of mixed system, then get lower sediment vacuum-drying and obtain the multi-walled carbon nano-tubes of purifying.The present invention adopts liquid phase oxidation that carbon nanotube is carried out to purifying, and the reaction conditions of liquid phase oxidation is gentleer, is easy to control, and present method greatly reduces the rate of loss of sample.
For solvent---the HNO disperseing
3the concentration of the aqueous solution is 2.6 M.The concentration of nitric acid is larger, its speed of response is also larger, in unit time, the rate of weight loss of carbon nanotube is also larger, in fact in excessive nitric acid liquid, through time enough, impurity can be removed, in the time that concentration of nitric acid is excessive, because speed of response is too fast, make initial reaction too violent, in reactor, produce more red-brown NO
2gas, therefore the concentration of the selected nitric acid of the present invention is 2.6 M so that reaction process more relaxes.
The concrete grammar of preparing polyaniline/multi-walled carbon nano-tubes is: add aniline solution by being dispersed with in the HCl aqueous solution of multi-walled carbon nano-tubes of purifying, under condition of ice bath, stir, obtain mixing solutions; Again to mixed solution and dripping ammonium persulfate solution, under agitation condition, react, then add acetone termination reaction, with deionized water and ethanol centrifuge washing taking precipitate, and by throw out vacuum-drying under 80 DEG C of conditions, grinding, obtain polyaniline/multi-walled carbon nano-tubes.
In addition, be 1M for the concentration of the HCl aqueous solution of the multi-walled carbon nano-tubes that disperses purifying, when dispersion, the ratio of mixture of the multi-walled carbon nano-tubes of purifying and the HCl aqueous solution is 0.5g ︰ 100mL.Due to the certain density acid of doping time, can effectively stop the self-assembly ordered arrangement behavior of one dimension Nano structure.In the time adding the HCl of 1M, the polyaniline product of formation is the polyaniline nano fiber that is random arrangement, is conducive to compound with carbon nanotube.
In described ammonium persulfate aqueous solution, in ammonium persulphate and aniline solution, the mass ratio that feeds intake of aniline is 1 ︰ 1, and the speed that drips ammonium persulfate aqueous solution is 1d/3s.Because the wetting ability of APS, so can be dispersed in continuous water, polyreaction mainly occurs in drop surface.When initiator A PS is so that compared with jogging speed, (3s/ d) adds fashionablely, and in solution, the polymerization site density on the drop surface of APS is lower, now can only form initial polyaniline fiber among a small circle, is conducive to the compound of polyaniline and carbon nanotube.If rate of addition is too fast or the relative aniline monomer ratio of APS increases, can be within the unit time cause initiator concentration too high, cause that aniline monomer assembles formation reticulated structure on a large scale in, be unfavorable for compound with carbon nanotube.
In the time that the mass ratio that feeds intake of aniline in ammonium persulphate and aniline solution is 1 ︰ 1, the electroconductibility of the matrix material obtaining is the highest.Whole reaction system is carried out in hydrochloric acid medium, and hydrochloric acid provides reaction required acidity, and enters polyaniline skeleton with doping agent form, gives its certain electroconductibility.Slowly dripping APS avoids system reaction overheated.By deionized water and washing with alcohol, can wash away respectively the inorganic and organic impurity adhering on product, water and ethanol have good mutual solubility, can wash mutually, and ethanol has good volatility simultaneously.Remove at water and ethanol that vacuum condition is dry to be introduced can be by washed product time.
The concrete grammar of preparing Manganse Dioxide/polyaniline/multi-walled carbon nano-tubes is: by after polyaniline/multi-walled carbon nano-tubes and potassium permanganate solution stirring reaction, with deionized water, ethanol centrifuge washing taking precipitate, through 50 DEG C of oven dry, grinding, obtain Manganse Dioxide/polyaniline/multi-wall carbon nano-tube composite material again.Under acidic conditions, introduce Manganse Dioxide, obtain Manganse Dioxide/polyaniline/multi-wall carbon nano-tube composite material by the in-situ oxidation reduction reaction of potassium permanganate and polyaniline.Compared with existing Manganse Dioxide/polyaniline composite material route of synthesis, save the reagent of preparation use, simplify production stage.The method raw material material is easy to get, and product circulation ratio is high.Manganse Dioxide/polyaniline/multi-wall carbon nano-tube composite material the stability obtaining is high, aspect ultracapacitor, has broad application prospects.
The concentration of above-mentioned potassium permanganate solution is preferably 0.01～0.06 M.
Because potassium permanganate concentration is larger on the pattern impact of matrix material.In the situation that fixing polyaniline/multi-wall carbon nano-tube composite material content is 0.05 g, the concentration of controlling potassium permanganate solution is 0.01M～0.06 M, and the amount of Manganse Dioxide increases along with the increase of potassium permanganate concentration.When potassium permanganate solution concentration hour, polyaniline outside surface thickness is not significantly increased.In the time that potassium permanganate solution concentration is 0.02 M～0.04 M, can see in polyaniline surface arrangement and one deck manganese dioxide particle, and coating thickness increases gradually.In the time that potassium permanganate solution concentration reaches 0.05 M and 0.06 M, not only in polyaniline surface coverage the thick manganese dioxide particle layer of one deck, and around polyaniline/multi-wall carbon nano-tube composite material, also exist self reunite Manganse Dioxide particle.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the TEM photo of the carbon nanotube that obtains of purifying, and scale is 100 nm.
Fig. 2 is the TEM photo of polyaniline/multi-wall carbon nano-tube composite material of preparing, and scale is 100 nm.
Fig. 3 is the TEM photo of Manganse Dioxide/polyaniline/multi-wall carbon nano-tube composite material of preparing, and scale is 100 nm.
Embodiment
The term that used in the present invention, unless there is other explanation, generally has the implication that those of ordinary skill in the art understand conventionally.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, and comparable data is described the present invention in further detail.Should be understood that these embodiment just in order to demonstrate the invention, but not limit the scope of the invention by any way.
In following embodiment, various processes and the method do not described in detail are ordinary methods as known in the art.
Step of preparation process:
1, the purifying of carbon nanotube: MWNTs is added to 50 mL concentration are housed is the HNO of 2.6 M
3in the round-bottomed flask of the aqueous solution, make system complete reaction at 120 DEG C of condition lower magnetic force stirring and refluxing 24h, then contain the reaction system of precipitation and be precipitated thing after centrifugal, more colourless to washings through centrifuge washing, then get lower sediment vacuum-drying, obtain the multi-walled carbon nano-tubes of purifying.
Carbon nanotube pattern after purifying as shown in Figure 1.
As seen from Figure 1: the multi-walled carbon nano-tubes of purifying in tubular construction.
2, the preparation of polyaniline/multi-wall carbon nano-tube composite material: stir 0.5 h to being uniformly dispersed in the HCl aqueous solution that claims 0.5 g carbon nanotube to add 100mL 1M.
The HCl solution container that carbon nanotube is housed is above placed in to ice bath, in container, add the aniline monomer solution containing 2.0g again, stir 0.5h to being uniformly dispersed, drip in above-mentioned mixed system adding the speed of one containing the ammonium persulfate aqueous solution of 2.0g ammonium persulphate with every 3s again, then fully stir 6h and react completely to system.
After having reacted, add acetone to finish reaction.
Again with deionized water and ethanol centrifugal washing clearly three times successively, then taking precipitate vacuum-drying 24 h at 80 DEG C, then through grinding, obtain polyaniline/multi-wall carbon nano-tube composite material.
The pattern of polyaniline/multi-wall carbon nano-tube composite material is also subject to the impact of aniline monomer and carbon nanotube concentration ratio.In fixing content of carbon nanotubes 2.0 g, (0.5～3.0 g) for the content of change aniline monomer, polyaniline/multi-wall carbon nano-tube composite material the pattern obtaining has certain difference, illustrates between polyaniline and multi-walled carbon nano-tubes it is mainly physical adsorption.In the time that the content of aniline monomer is 2.0 g, carbon nanotube plays template action, its ground of gathering as polyaniline nucleation, and aniline makes polyaniline cover more equably carbon nano tube surface in its surface growth, and the pattern of formation is better.
Matrix material pattern as shown in Figure 2.
As can be seen from Fig. 2: adhered to uniform one deck polyaniline particle in tubulose carbon nano tube surface.
3, the preparation of Manganse Dioxide/polyaniline/multi-wall carbon nano-tube composite material: add 0.05g polyaniline/multi-walled carbon nano-tubes in Erlenmeyer flask, the disposable concentration that adds is the potassium permanganate solution of 0.01～0.06M wherein, at room temperature stirs 10 min.Again deionized water, the ethanol for solution that obtain are distinguished to eccentric cleaning three times, dry 12 h in 50 DEG C of thermostatic drying chambers, then through grinding, obtain sample.
In the time that the concentration of potassium permanganate solution is 0.03M, obtain the pattern of Manganse Dioxide/polyaniline/multi-wall carbon nano-tube composite material sample as shown in Figure 3.
As can be seen from Fig. 3: observe by transmission electron microscope (TEM), carbon nanotube outer tube diameter is about 20～40 nm, and polyaniline particle diameter is 30～40 nm, the matrix material and after polymerization has still kept the tubular structure of carbon nanotube preferably.
Claims (9)
1. Manganse Dioxide/polyaniline/multi-wall carbon nano-tube composite material, is characterized in that, in tubular construction, the external diameter of body is 20～40 nm to described matrix material, is attached with the polyaniline that particle diameter is 30～40 nm on body.
2. the preparation method of Manganse Dioxide/polyaniline/multi-wall carbon nano-tube composite material as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that using ammonium persulphate as oxygenant, carrier using the multi-walled carbon nano-tubes of purifying as polyaniline, under 0 DEG C of ambient temperature conditions, polymerization obtains stable polyaniline/multi-wall carbon nano-tube composite material, then under acidic conditions, introduces Manganse Dioxide and obtain Manganse Dioxide/polyaniline/multi-wall carbon nano-tube composite material.
3. preparation method according to claim 2, is characterized in that: multi-walled carbon nano-tubes is scattered in to HNO
3in the aqueous solution, after the condition lower magnetic force that is 120 DEG C stirs, after centrifugal, be precipitated thing, more colourless to washings through centrifuge washing in the temperature of mixed system, then get lower sediment vacuum-drying and obtain the multi-walled carbon nano-tubes of purifying.
4. preparation method according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described HNO
3the concentration of the aqueous solution is 2.6 M.
5. preparation method according to claim 2, is characterized in that: add aniline solution by being dispersed with in the HCl aqueous solution of multi-walled carbon nano-tubes of purifying, under condition of ice bath, stir, obtain mixing solutions; Again to mixed solution and dripping ammonium persulfate aqueous solution, under agitation condition, react, then add acetone termination reaction, with deionized water and ethanol centrifuge washing taking precipitate, and by throw out vacuum-drying under 80 DEG C of conditions, grinding, obtain polyaniline/multi-walled carbon nano-tubes.
6. preparation method according to claim 5, is characterized in that: the described concentration of the HCl aqueous solution for the multi-walled carbon nano-tubes that disperses purifying is 1M, and when dispersion, the ratio of mixture of the multi-walled carbon nano-tubes of purifying and the HCl aqueous solution is 0.5g ︰ 100mL.
7. preparation method according to claim 5, is characterized in that: in described ammonium persulfate aqueous solution, in ammonium persulphate and aniline solution, the mass ratio that feeds intake of aniline is 1 ︰ 1, and the speed that drips ammonium persulfate aqueous solution is 1d/3s.
8. preparation method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: by after polyaniline/multi-walled carbon nano-tubes and potassium permanganate solution stirring reaction, with deionized water, ethanol centrifuge washing taking precipitate, through 50 DEG C of oven dry, grinding, obtain Manganse Dioxide/polyaniline/multi-wall carbon nano-tube composite material again.
9. preparation method according to claim 8, is characterized in that: the concentration of described potassium permanganate solution is 0.01～0.06 M.
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Cited By (10)
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| CN104240967A (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2014-12-24 | 东南大学 | Polyaniline-manganese dioxide-titanium nitride nanowire array composite material and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN105244186A (en) * | 2015-10-15 | 2016-01-13 | 扬州大学 | Preparation method of carbon-based ternary complex |
| CN105778086A (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2016-07-20 | 重庆金固特新材料科技有限公司 | Method for preparing polyaniline/carbon nanotube conductive composite material through inverse emulsion method |
| CN105860066A (en) * | 2016-05-10 | 2016-08-17 | 同济大学 | Method for preparing carbon nano-tubes/polypyrrole nano-particles with negative dielectric constants |
| CN105860062A (en) * | 2016-05-10 | 2016-08-17 | 同济大学 | Preparation method of carbon nanotube/polyaniline nanoparticle with negative dielectric constant |
| CN106548874A (en) * | 2016-11-08 | 2017-03-29 | 铜陵市启动电子制造有限责任公司 | A kind of addition stannum antimony coats the Static Spinning combination electrode material of manganese dioxide |
| CN107029703A (en) * | 2017-04-29 | 2017-08-11 | 扬州大学 | Sandwich structure MnOX/C/MnOXThe preparation method of hollow ball |
| CN107175107A (en) * | 2017-07-03 | 2017-09-19 | 扬州大学 | The preparation method of yolk eggshell structure Hollow Sphere Composites |
| CN108490051A (en) * | 2018-05-21 | 2018-09-04 | 吉林大学 | A kind of flexible miniature is from driving gas at normal temperature sensor and preparation method thereof |
| CN114622105A (en) * | 2022-04-08 | 2022-06-14 | 内蒙古科技大学 | Composite material for extracting niobium and preparation method and application method thereof |
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| CN104240967A (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2014-12-24 | 东南大学 | Polyaniline-manganese dioxide-titanium nitride nanowire array composite material and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN104240967B (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2017-02-22 | 东南大学 | Polyaniline-manganese dioxide-titanium nitride nanowire array composite material and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN105244186A (en) * | 2015-10-15 | 2016-01-13 | 扬州大学 | Preparation method of carbon-based ternary complex |
| CN105778086A (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2016-07-20 | 重庆金固特新材料科技有限公司 | Method for preparing polyaniline/carbon nanotube conductive composite material through inverse emulsion method |
| CN105860066A (en) * | 2016-05-10 | 2016-08-17 | 同济大学 | Method for preparing carbon nano-tubes/polypyrrole nano-particles with negative dielectric constants |
| CN105860062A (en) * | 2016-05-10 | 2016-08-17 | 同济大学 | Preparation method of carbon nanotube/polyaniline nanoparticle with negative dielectric constant |
| CN106548874A (en) * | 2016-11-08 | 2017-03-29 | 铜陵市启动电子制造有限责任公司 | A kind of addition stannum antimony coats the Static Spinning combination electrode material of manganese dioxide |
| CN107029703A (en) * | 2017-04-29 | 2017-08-11 | 扬州大学 | Sandwich structure MnOX/C/MnOXThe preparation method of hollow ball |
| CN107175107A (en) * | 2017-07-03 | 2017-09-19 | 扬州大学 | The preparation method of yolk eggshell structure Hollow Sphere Composites |
| CN108490051A (en) * | 2018-05-21 | 2018-09-04 | 吉林大学 | A kind of flexible miniature is from driving gas at normal temperature sensor and preparation method thereof |
| CN114622105A (en) * | 2022-04-08 | 2022-06-14 | 内蒙古科技大学 | Composite material for extracting niobium and preparation method and application method thereof |
| CN114622105B (en) * | 2022-04-08 | 2023-11-10 | 内蒙古科技大学 | Composite material for extracting niobium and preparation method and application method thereof |
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