CN103929177A - A/D quantization bit conversion system and method in GNSS receiver - Google Patents

A/D quantization bit conversion system and method in GNSS receiver Download PDF

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CN103929177A
CN103929177A CN201410176847.5A CN201410176847A CN103929177A CN 103929177 A CN103929177 A CN 103929177A CN 201410176847 A CN201410176847 A CN 201410176847A CN 103929177 A CN103929177 A CN 103929177A
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CN103929177B (en
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郭文飞
周素菲
施闯
郑建生
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Wuhan University WHU
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Abstract

The invention provides an A/D quantization bit conversion system and method in a GNSS receiver. The system comprises a comparison module and a threshold adjustment module, wherein the comparison module and the threshold adjustment module work simultaneously, high-order quantized signals are input to the first input end of the comparison module, the comparison module converts the input high-order quantized signals into low-order quantized signals according to threshold values, and then the low-order quantized signals are output from the first low-order output end of the comparison module. The second low-order output end of the comparison module is connected with the input end of the threshold adjustment module, the second input end is connected with the output end of the threshold adjustment module, the threshold adjustment module is used for adjusting threshold values so that the low-order quantized signals output by the comparison module can conform to the corresponding best probability distribution. According to the A/D quantization bit conversion system and method, on the premise that complexity and cost of an existing GNSS receiver are not increased, an anti-interference technique can be applied to the existing low-order quantization GNSS receiver.

Description

A/D quantization digit converting system and method in GNSS receiver
Technical field
The present invention relates to electronic communication and digital signal processing technique field, particularly A/D quantization digit converting system and method in a kind of GNSS receiver.
Background technology
Along with electromagnetic environment is day by day complicated, GNSS receiver is interfered more and more.Generally very faint when satellite-signal propagates into earth surface, be very easily subject to various artificial or unartificial interference.When anti-interference, A/D quantizes to need to adopt a high position, in order to strengthen output signal-to-noise ratio and to suppress, disturbs, and adopts 8 above quantization digits to retain abundant useful information more.When research shows to have strong jamming, disturb larger required quantization digit more in certain limit, interference free performance is better.
When noiseless, A/D quantization digit is limited on GNSS receiver performance impact, adopts the low bit quantification device can't severe exacerbation signal to noise ratio, can reach excellent reception performance.Research and analyse when 2bit quantizes and select suitable quantization threshold, just have better acquisition performance.Existing GNSS receiver generally adopts low level A/D to quantize, such as 2bit quantizes.A/D quantizes to adopt high-order when anti-interference, and in existing GNSS receiver, the low level A/D that adopt quantize more, in order to reduce costs and realize the application of Anti-Jamming Technique in existing receiver, need to realize the high-order conversion of quantizing to low bit quantification.The most implementation methods that at present quantization digit are transformed into low level from a high position are: only retain high-order former quantized result that quantize, the loss of the method Signal-to-Noise is larger.
Summary of the invention
The deficiency existing for prior art, the invention provides A/D quantization digit converting system and method in the less GNSS receiver of a kind of snr loss, for high-order quantized signal is converted to low bit quantification signal.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
One, A/D quantization digit conversion method in GNSS receiver, comprises step:
Step 1, carries out re-quantization according to positive and negative threshold value and amplitude threshold value to high-order quantized signal, encoded acquisition low bit quantification signal, the initial value of positive and negative threshold value and amplitude threshold value rule of thumb people for providing;
Step 2, whether the low bit quantification signal that analytical procedure 1 obtains meets corresponding optimal probability distributes, if meet, this low bit quantification signal is final transformation result, finishes; Otherwise, execution step 3;
Step 3, adjusts positive and negative threshold value and/or amplitude threshold value, and positive and negative threshold value and/or amplitude threshold value based on after adjusting re-execute step 1;
Described according to positive and negative threshold value and amplitude threshold value, high-order quantized signal carried out to re-quantization and is specially:
The high-order quantized signal that is greater than positive and negative threshold value is set to positive quantized signal, and the high-order quantized signal that is less than positive and negative threshold value is set to negative quantized signal; According to amplitude threshold value, divide amplitude interval, the interval corresponding default quantized result respectively of each amplitude, the quantized result of high-order quantized signal is the interval corresponding default quantized result of the affiliated amplitude of high-order quantized signal amplitude.
Whether the low bit quantification signal that the analytical procedure 1 described in step 2 obtains meets corresponding optimal probability distribution and further comprises sub-step:
2.1 arrange the amplitude count value that just quantizes signal-count value, negative quantity signal-count value and each amplitude interval, the optimal probability that the ratio that makes just to quantize signal-count value and negative quantity signal-count value meets low bit quantification signal distributes, and the optimal probability that simultaneously makes the ratio of the amplitude count value in each amplitude interval also meet low bit quantification signal distributes;
Low bit quantification signal of 2.2 every appearance, if positive quantized signal is just quantizing signal-count value and is subtracting 1; If negative quantized signal, negative quantity signal-count value subtracts 1; Meanwhile, the amplitude count value in amplitude interval under this low bit quantification signal amplitude is subtracted to 1;
If 2.3 are just quantizing signal-count value and negative quantity signal-count value is kept to 0 simultaneously, and the interval corresponding amplitude count value of each amplitude is also kept to 0 simultaneously, and low bit quantification signal meets corresponding optimal probability and distributes; Otherwise low bit quantification signal does not meet corresponding optimal probability and distributes.
Adjustment positive and negative threshold value described in step 3 and/or amplitude threshold value are specially:
Positive and negative threshold value is added or deducted default positive negative regulator unit and/or amplitude threshold value is added or deduct default amplitude adjusted unit.
Two, A/D quantization digit converting system in GNSS receiver, comprise comparison module and the thresholding adjusting module of working simultaneously, the first input end of high-order quantized signal input comparison module, comparison module is converted to low bit quantification signal according to threshold value by the high-order quantized signal of input, and exports from the first low level output of comparison module; The second low level output of comparison module connects thresholding adjusting module input, and the second input connects thresholding adjusting module output; Thresholding adjusting module is used for adjusting threshold value so that the low bit quantification signal of comparison module output meets corresponding optimal probability distribution.
Above-mentioned thresholding adjusting module further comprises positive and negative threshold adjusting module and amplitude threshold adjusting module, positive and negative threshold adjusting module and amplitude threshold adjusting module synchronous working, positive and negative threshold adjusting module is adjusted positive and negative threshold value according to the low bit quantification signal of comparison module input, and amplitude threshold adjusting module is according to the low bit quantification signal adjusting range threshold value of comparison module input.
The invention provides a kind of A/D quantization digit converting system and method for GNSS receiver, adopt the present invention, without the quantization digit in change GNSS receiver, can realize the application of Anti-Jamming Technique in existing GNSS receiver.
Compared to the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and effect:
1, provide A/D quantization digit converting system in GNSS receiver, performance is good, easily realize, and snr loss is little.
2, use the present invention, do not changing under the prerequisite of existing GNSS receiver system, Anti-Jamming Technique can be applied to the GNSS receiver of existing employing low bit quantification.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is system construction drawing of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is A gσ and snr loss graph of a relation;
Fig. 3 is the flow chart of positive and negative threshold value adjustment process in specific embodiment;
Fig. 4 is the flow chart of amplitude threshold value adjustment process in specific embodiment.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in detail.
See Fig. 1, system of the present invention comprises comparison module and the thresholding adjusting module of simultaneously working, the first input end of high-order quantized signal input comparison module, high-order quantized signal is converted to low bit quantification signal through comparison module, and exports from the first low level output of comparison module.Comparison module also comprises the second input and the second low level output, and its second low level output connects thresholding adjusting module input, and the second input connects thresholding adjusting module output.
Comparison module is realized high-order quantized signal to the conversion of low bit quantification signal according to threshold value, and threshold value comprises 1 positive and negative threshold value and (2 b-2) individual amplitude threshold value, B is low bit quantification signal figure place, and positive and negative threshold value is used for judging that quantized signal is positive and negative, and amplitude threshold value is used for judging quantification signal amplitude size.Be greater than the quantized signal of positive and negative threshold value for just, be less than the quantized signal of positive and negative threshold value for negative; According to amplitude threshold value, divide amplitude interval, according to amplitude interval under quantized signal amplitude, quantized signal is carried out to re-quantization, the signal after re-quantization is encoded and obtained low bit quantification signal.Re-quantization is specially: the interval corresponding quantized result of each amplitude, suppose that quantized result corresponding to the interval i of amplitude is A i, the quantized signal that amplitude is belonged to the interval i of amplitude is quantified as A i.
The optimal probability of the low bit quantification signal that the setting of threshold value can be exported with reference to comparison module the second low level output distributes, and therefore first needs the optimal probability that obtains low bit quantification signal to distribute, and the obtaining step that optimal probability distributes is as follows:
Step 1, when low bit quantification signal figure place is B, tries to achieve snr loss
SNR 1 = A 2 σ 2 - - - ( 1 )
SNR 2 = E { r B [ n ] } 2 Var { r B [ n ] } = E { r B [ n ] } 2 | E { r B 2 [ n ] } - E { r B [ n ] } 2 | - - - ( 2 )
SNR 2 SNR 1 = 2 π [ 1 + 2 exp { - ( 1 / A g ) 2 2 σ 2 } ] 1 + 8 erfc ( 1 / A g 2 σ ) - - - ( 3 )
In formula (1)～(3):
SNR 1for the signal to noise ratio of analog signal of input, A is satellite-signal amplitude, σ 2thermal noise power for receive channel;
SNR 2for the signal to noise ratio of digital signal of output, input signal r[n] comprise satellite-signal and Gaussian noise, Gaussian noise is obeyed N (0, σ 2) distribute, input analog signal r[n] quantized result be r b[n]; E{r b[n] } 2represent quantized signal r b[n] power, Var{r b[n] } expression Gaussian noise power;
A gfor automatic gain is controlled the gain that (AGC) provides, for error function.
According to formula (3), draw the A under different B values gσ and snr loss relation curve, see Fig. 2, in Fig. 2, relation curve comprises A when B is respectively 1bit, 2bit, 3bit, 4bit, 5bit gσ and snr loss relation curve.
Step 2, according to A gσ and snr loss's relation curve is determined the best AGC gain A that B value is corresponding g.
Best AGC gain A gbe snr loss hour corresponding A gvalue, the best AGC gain A of determining in this concrete enforcement gvalue is in Table 1.
The best AGC gain A of table 1 gvalue
Step 3, the anti-optimal probability that pushes away low bit quantification signal distributes.
By best AGC gain A gthe anti-optimal probability that pushes away B position low bit quantification signal of value substitution new probability formula (4) distributes:
p ( r B [ n ] = 2 i + 1 ) = 1 2 &pi;&sigma; 2 &Integral; ( 2 B - 1 - 1 ) / A g - y [ n ] &infin; exp { - z 2 &sigma; 2 } dz i = 2 B - 1 - 1 1 2 &pi;&sigma; 2 &Integral; - &infin; - ( 2 B - 1 - 1 ) / A g - y [ n ] exp { - z 2 &sigma; 2 } dz i = - 2 B - 1 1 2 &pi;&sigma; 2 &Integral; i / A g - y [ n ] i + 1 / A g - y [ n ] exp { - z 2 &sigma; 2 } dz - 2 B - 1 < i < 2 B - 1 - 1 - - - ( 4 )
In formula (4), y[n] expression satellite-signal, r b[n]={ ± 1, ± 3, ± 5 ... be quantized result, utilize condition, estimates corresponding probable value p (r b[n]=2i+1), obtain optimal probability and distribute, in Table 2.
The optimal probability of table 2 low bit quantification signal distributes
According to the optimal probability of low bit quantification signal, distribute and adjust positive and negative threshold value and amplitude threshold value, the adjustment of positive and negative threshold value and the adjustment of amplitude threshold value are carried out simultaneously, and the method for adjustment of positive and negative threshold value specifically comprises step:
Step 1.1, a bit of in the low bit quantification signal of statistical comparison module output, records positive quantized signal and negative quantized signal number in this section of low bit quantification signal, and adopts regressive mode to align quantized signal and negative quantized signal number is counted.
The concrete mode of counting is:
The initial value that setting is just quantizing signal-count value and negative quantity signal-count value is respectively sign0 and sign1, and the ratio of sign0 and sign1 need meet the optimal probability distribution (in Table 2) of low bit quantification signal.Positive quantized signal and the every appearance of negative quantized signal once, are just quantizing that signal-count value and negative quantity signal-count value are corresponding subtracts 1.
Step 1.2, judges whether the low bit quantification signal of comparison module output meets corresponding optimal probability distribution.
The concrete mode of judging as:
Judgement is just quantizing signal-count value and whether negative quantity signal-count value is kept to 0 simultaneously, is first kept to 0 quantized signal number on the high side, needs to adjust current positive and negative threshold value; If be kept to 0 simultaneously, current positive and negative threshold value is final positive and negative threshold value.
Step 1.3, regulates current positive and negative threshold value.
The embodiment of this step is:
Current positive and negative threshold value is added or deducts default positive negative regulator unit, the positive and negative threshold value of take after adjusting is current positive and negative threshold value, comparison module is converted to low bit quantification signal according to current positive and negative threshold value and current amplitude threshold value by the high-order quantized signal of input, then the low bit quantification signal of comparison module output is performed step to 1.1～1.3, until the low bit quantification signal of comparison module output makes just to quantize signal-count value and negative quantity signal-count value is kept to 0 simultaneously.Default positive negative regulator unit is larger, and the adjustment of positive and negative threshold value needs the time shorter; Default positive negative regulator unit is less, and the adjustment of positive and negative threshold value needs the time longer.
The method of adjustment of amplitude threshold value specifically comprises step:
Step 2.1, according to current amplitude threshold value, divide amplitude interval, a bit of in the low bit quantification signal of statistical comparison module output, records the low bit quantification signal number in different amplitudes interval, adopts regressive mode to count the low bit quantification signal number in different amplitudes interval.
The concrete mode of counting is:
Set the initial value mag of the amplitude count value in different amplitudes interval i, i represents the interval numbering of amplitude, i=1, and 2 ... n, n is the interval quantity of amplitude, the initial value ratio of the interval corresponding amplitude count value of each amplitude should meet the optimal probability distribution (in Table 2) of low bit quantification signal; Quantized signal of every appearance, subtracts 1 by the amplitude count value in amplitude interval under this quantized signal.
Step 2.2, judges whether the low bit quantification signal of comparison module output meets corresponding optimal probability distribution.
The concrete mode of judging as:
Whether the amplitude count value that judges each amplitude interval is kept to 0 simultaneously, and the quantized signal number that is first kept to 0 amplitude interval is on the high side, needs to adjust current amplitude threshold value; If be kept to 0 simultaneously, current amplitude threshold value is final amplitude threshold value.
Step 2.3, regulates current amplitude threshold value.
The embodiment of this step is:
Current amplitude threshold value is added or deducts default amplitude adjusted unit, the amplitude threshold value of take after adjusting is current amplitude threshold value, comparison module is converted to low bit quantification signal according to current positive and negative threshold value and current amplitude threshold value by the high-order quantized signal of input, then the low bit quantification signal of comparison module output is performed step to 2.1～2.3, until the low bit quantification signal of comparison module output makes the amplitude count value in each amplitude interval be kept to 0 simultaneously.Default amplitude adjusted unit is larger, and the adjustment of amplitude threshold value needs the time shorter; Default amplitude adjusted unit is less, and the adjustment of amplitude threshold value needs the time longer.
In the adjustment process of above-mentioned positive and negative threshold value and amplitude threshold value, the initial value of current positive and negative threshold value and current amplitude threshold value is rule of thumb set.
The 14bit quantized signal of take is below converted to 2bit quantized signal as example, further illustrates the present invention.
14bit quantized signal input comparison module, comparison module carries out re-quantization and coding according to positive and negative threshold value and amplitude thresholding initial value to the high-order quantized signal of input, and 14bit quantized signal is converted to 2bit quantized signal.Because low bit quantification signal figure place is 2, so in the present embodiment, need to choose 1 positive and negative threshold value v_com and 2 amplitude threshold value threshold ,-threshold.Positive and negative threshold value v_com is used for judging the positive and negative of quantized signal, and the quantized signal that signal value is greater than v_com is positive quantized signal, and the quantized signal that signal value is less than v_com is negative quantized signal.According to amplitude threshold value threshold and-that threshold divides amplitude is interval: the amplitude amplitude interval, be less than-threshold that is greater than threshold is interval, [threshold, 0] and (0, threshold], according to amplitude interval under quantized signal amplitude, quantized signal is quantized, the signal quantization that amplitude is greater than threshold is 3, the signal quantization of be less than-threshold is-3, amplitude belongs to [threshold, 0] interval signal quantization is-1, it is 1 that amplitude belongs to [0, threshold] interval signal quantization.
Definite optimal probability according to 2bit low bit quantification signal of threshold value distributes, according to table 2, know: the number of signals that 2bit low bit quantification result is-3 accounts for 15% of signal sum, the number of signals that 2bit low bit quantification result is-1 accounts for 35% of signal sum, the number of signals that 2bit low bit quantification result is 1 accounts for 35% of signal sum, the number of signals that 2bit low bit quantification result is 3 accounts for 15% of signal sum, just quantize number of signals and accounting for 50% of signal sum, negative quantity number of signals accounts for 50% of signal sum, [threshold, threshold] amplitude interval quantization number of signals accounts for 70% of signal sum, [threshold, threshold] quantized signal number accounts for 30% of signal sum outside amplitude interval.
Thresholding adjusting module is adjusted threshold value according to the low bit quantification signal adaptive of comparison module the second low level output output, and the adjustment of positive and negative threshold value and amplitude threshold value is carried out simultaneously.
Visible Fig. 3～4 of flow process that in the present embodiment, threshold value is adjusted, concrete steps are as follows:
Step 1, the positive and negative counting number value of initialization and amplitude count value.
According to optimal probability that in table 2,2bit low bit quantification is corresponding, distribute and know: just quantizing the ratio that number of signals and negative quantity number of signals account for quantized signal sum and be respectively 50% and 50%, the quantity ratio of positive quantized signal and negative quantized signal is 1/1.Set and just quantizing signal-count initial value sign0 and negative quantity signal-count initial value sign1, sign0/sign1=1/1.
According to optimal probability that in table 2,2bit low bit quantification is corresponding, distribute and know: quantized result is that 1 and-1 number of signals accounts for 70% of quantized signal sum, quantized result is that 3 and-3 number of signals accounts for 30% of quantized signal sum.According to amplitude threshold value threshold, divide amplitude interval, set amplitude counting initial value mag0 and the mag1 in each amplitude interval, mag0 represents [threshold, threshold] the amplitude counting initial value in amplitude interval, mag1 represents [threshold, threshold] amplitude counting initial value outside amplitude interval, mag0/mag1=7/3.
Step 2, judges whether the low bit quantification signal of comparison module output meets corresponding optimal probability distribution.
According to the output signal of comparison module, in regressive mode, count.Positive quantized signal and the every appearance of negative quantized signal once, are just quantizing that signal-count value is corresponding with negative quantity signal-count value subtracts 1; Meanwhile, quantized signal of every appearance, subtracts 1 by the amplitude count value in this signal respective amplitude interval.
Judgement is 1. just quantizing signal-count value and whether negative quantity signal-count value is kept to 0 simultaneously, whether the judgement simultaneously 2. interval corresponding amplitude count value of each amplitude is kept to 0 simultaneously, if 1. and 2. set up simultaneously, the low bit quantification signal of comparison module output meets optimal probability distribution, finishes also the first low level output output from comparison module by this low bit quantification signal; Otherwise, execution step 3.
Step 3, threshold value regulates.
If just quantizing signal-count value and negative quantity signal-count value is not kept to 0 simultaneously, adjust positive and negative threshold value.If sign0 is first kept to 0, illustrate that just to quantize number of signals on the high side, v_com is added to 1; If sign1 is first kept to 0, illustrate that negative quantity number of signals is on the high side, v_com is subtracted to 1.
If the interval corresponding amplitude count value of each amplitude is not kept to 0 simultaneously, adjust amplitude threshold value.If mag0 is first kept to 0, illustrate that the quantized signal quantity in [threshold, threshold] amplitude interval is on the high side, threshold is subtracted to 1; If mag1 is first kept to 0, illustrate that the quantized signal quantity in [threshold, threshold] amplitude interval is on the low side, add 1 by threshold is corresponding.

Claims (5)

  1. In 1.GNSS receiver, A/D quantization digit conversion method, is characterized in that, comprises step:
    Step 1, carries out re-quantization according to positive and negative threshold value and amplitude threshold value to high-order quantized signal, encoded acquisition low bit quantification signal, the initial value of positive and negative threshold value and amplitude threshold value rule of thumb people for providing;
    Step 2, whether the low bit quantification signal that analytical procedure 1 obtains meets corresponding optimal probability distributes, if meet, this low bit quantification signal is final transformation result, finishes; Otherwise, execution step 3;
    Step 3, adjusts positive and negative threshold value and/or amplitude threshold value, and positive and negative threshold value and/or amplitude threshold value based on after adjusting re-execute step 1;
    Described according to positive and negative threshold value and amplitude threshold value, high-order quantized signal carried out to re-quantization and is specially:
    The high-order quantized signal that is greater than positive and negative threshold value is set to positive quantized signal, and the high-order quantized signal that is less than positive and negative threshold value is set to negative quantized signal; According to amplitude threshold value, divide amplitude interval, the interval corresponding default quantized result respectively of each amplitude, the quantized result of high-order quantized signal is the interval corresponding default quantized result of the affiliated amplitude of high-order quantized signal amplitude.
  2. 2. A/D quantization digit conversion method in GNSS receiver as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that:
    Whether the low bit quantification signal that the analytical procedure 1 described in step 2 obtains meets corresponding optimal probability distribution and further comprises sub-step:
    2.1 arrange the amplitude count value that just quantizes signal-count value, negative quantity signal-count value and each amplitude interval, the optimal probability that the ratio that makes just to quantize signal-count value and negative quantity signal-count value meets low bit quantification signal distributes, and the optimal probability that simultaneously makes the ratio of the amplitude count value in each amplitude interval also meet low bit quantification signal distributes;
    Low bit quantification signal of 2.2 every appearance, if positive quantized signal is just quantizing signal-count value and is subtracting 1; If negative quantized signal, negative quantity signal-count value subtracts 1; Meanwhile, the amplitude count value in amplitude interval under this low bit quantification signal amplitude is subtracted to 1;
    If 2.3 are just quantizing signal-count value and negative quantity signal-count value is kept to 0 simultaneously, and the interval corresponding amplitude count value of each amplitude is also kept to 0 simultaneously, and low bit quantification signal meets corresponding optimal probability and distributes; Otherwise low bit quantification signal does not meet corresponding optimal probability and distributes.
  3. 3. A/D quantization digit conversion method in GNSS receiver as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that:
    Adjustment positive and negative threshold value described in step 3 and/or amplitude threshold value are specially:
    Positive and negative threshold value is added or deducted default positive negative regulator unit and/or amplitude threshold value is added or deduct default amplitude adjusted unit.
  4. A/D quantization digit converting system in 4.GNSS receiver, is characterized in that:
    Comprise comparison module and the thresholding adjusting module of working simultaneously, the first input end of high-order quantized signal input comparison module, comparison module is converted to low bit quantification signal according to threshold value by the high-order quantized signal of input, and exports from the first low level output of comparison module; The second low level output of comparison module connects thresholding adjusting module input, and the second input connects thresholding adjusting module output; Thresholding adjusting module is used for adjusting threshold value so that the low bit quantification signal of comparison module output meets corresponding optimal probability distribution.
  5. 5. A/D quantization digit converting system in GNSS receiver as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that:
    Described thresholding adjusting module further comprises positive and negative threshold adjusting module and amplitude threshold adjusting module, positive and negative threshold adjusting module and amplitude threshold adjusting module synchronous working, positive and negative threshold adjusting module is adjusted positive and negative threshold value according to the low bit quantification signal of comparison module input, and amplitude threshold adjusting module is according to the low bit quantification signal adjusting range threshold value of comparison module input.
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