CN103928678A - Surfactant-assisted graphene three-dimensional network modified lithium iron (II) phosphate positive electrode material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Surfactant-assisted graphene three-dimensional network modified lithium iron (II) phosphate positive electrode material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103928678A CN103928678A CN201310011690.6A CN201310011690A CN103928678A CN 103928678 A CN103928678 A CN 103928678A CN 201310011690 A CN201310011690 A CN 201310011690A CN 103928678 A CN103928678 A CN 103928678A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention relates to a surfactant-assisted graphene three-dimensional network modified lithium iron (II) phosphate positive electrode material and a preparation method thereof. According to the present invention, a dispersion effect of a surfactant is adopted, lithium iron (II) phosphate is mono-dispersed in a graphene or graphene oxide solution, stirring and ultrasonic treatment are performed to uniformly mix, filtering and drying are performed to obtain a graphene/graphene oxide composite lithium iron (II) phosphate material, thermal reduction is performed under a protective atmosphere condition, and high temperature annealing is performed to finally obtain the graphene three-dimensional network modified lithium iron (II) phosphate positive electrode material; and the process is simple and is easy to perform, and is easily combined with the existing positive electrode material production line, the obtained product can be adopted as the positive electrode active material so as to provide excellent rate performance and excellent cycle performance during application in the lithium ion battery, and potential industrial application values are provided.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of composite material and preparation method thereof, especially relate to auxiliary Graphene three-dimensional network modified phosphate ferrous lithium positive electrode of a kind of surfactant and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
At present, new-energy automobile is all being widelyd popularize in countries in the world, and the Main Bottleneck of its development is the exploitation of the controlled motive-power battery of safety.Lithium ion battery has the not available high-energy-density of traditional electrokinetic cell, lightweight, free from environmental pollution, memory-less effect, stable work in work, the feature such as safe and reliable, is the developing direction of electrical source of power of new generation.
Graphene has Colloidal particles, and the carbon atom in plane is with sp
2hybridized orbit is connected to form hexagonal lattice structure, and carbon atom is connected with three adjacent carbon atoms by very strong σ key, and C-C key makes Graphene have good structural rigidity.A remaining p electron orbit, perpendicular to Graphene plane, forms π key with atom around, and the delocalization of pi-electron in lattice, makes Graphene have good conduction, and the electron mobility on room temperature lower plane is 1.5 × 10
4cm
2/ Vs, the conduction velocity considerably beyond electronics in general conductor.Therefore there are a lot of patents by growing (as patent 201010226062.6 at Graphene surface in situ, 201110050148.2,201210008944.4) or Graphene or graphene oxide and positive electrode are carried out to physical mixed, then obtain Graphene modification positive electrode active materials by the method for high annealing, as patent 200910155316.7.Graphene or graphene oxide surface in situ growth method need to be introduced Graphene or graphene oxide conventionally in positive electrode preparation process, so just need technical process and condition to change.Graphene or graphene oxide and positive electrode physical mixed are not interfered to the original production process of positive electrode.But, because commercial positive electrode active materials normally passes through certain surface treatment or modification, directly in deionized water, disperse bad.
Summary of the invention
The first technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of Graphene three-dimensional network modified phosphate ferrous lithium positive electrode.
The second technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide the preparation method of the auxiliary Graphene three-dimensional network modified phosphate ferrous lithium positive electrode of a kind of surfactant.
Object of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
Surfactant is assisted Graphene three-dimensional network modified phosphate ferrous lithium positive electrode, for Graphene modified phosphate ferrous lithium material, Graphene is coated on the surface of ferrousphosphate lithium material with the form of three-dimensional network, wherein, the weight ratio of Graphene and LiFePO 4 is 1: 100～1: 6.
The preparation method of the auxiliary Graphene three-dimensional network modified phosphate ferrous lithium positive electrode of surfactant comprises the following steps:
1) be dispersed in the dispersion liquid as whole reaction system in deionized water or organic solvent using ultrasonic graphene oxide, or further obtain graphene dispersing solution through chemical reduction method reduction;
2) under surfactant auxiliary, LiFePO 4 is dispersed in deionized water or organic solvent;
3) by step 1) and step 2) product that obtains mixes, filter, dry after the annealed auxiliary Graphene three-dimensional network modified phosphate ferrous lithium positive electrode of surfactant that obtains again.
As preferred embodiment, described organic solvent is selected from one or more in methyl alcohol, ethanol, propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, acetone or DMF, or the mixed solution of above-mentioned any one or a few material and water.
As preferred embodiment, step 1) dispersion liquid in, the concentration of graphene oxide or Graphene is 0.01mg/mL～10mg/mL.
As preferred embodiment, step 2) in surfactant be anion surfactant, cationic surfactant, zwitterionic surfactant or non-ionic surface active agent, 0.01～2.5wt% that the content of surfactant is LiFePO 4.
As the execution mode being more preferably, surfactant comprises odium stearate, neopelex, polyacrylamide, OTAC, lecithin, glycerin monostearate, fatty glyceride or polysorbate.
As preferred embodiment, step 3) after middle mixing, the solid content of LiFePO 4 is 10g/L～500g/L, the weight ratio of graphene oxide or Graphene and LiFePO 4 is 1: 100～1: 6.
As preferred embodiment, step 3) in: mix referring to by grinding, stirring or the method such as ultrasonic and mix, incorporation time is 0.1～3h; Filtration refers to and uses suction filtration, press filtration or centrifugal solid-liquid separated; Baking temperature is 40～120 DEG C, and be 0.5～20h drying time; Annealing refer under the effect of protective gas, control annealing temperature be 300～1000 DEG C to material thermal reduction 1～24h, naturally cool to subsequently room temperature and obtain product.
As the execution mode being more preferably, the protective gas of employing is selected from one or more in nitrogen, argon gas or hydrogen.
Compared with prior art, the present invention is by the effect of surfactant, first lithium iron phosphate cathode material list is distributed in deionized water or certain solvent, thereby the problem that solves graphene oxide or Graphene parcel LiFePO 4 aggregate, realizes the Graphene parcel that each monodisperse particles surface obtains good three-dimensional network shape.Thereby greatly reduce polarization of electrode, improved the high rate performance of battery.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the SEM photo of the auxiliary Graphene three-dimensional network modified phosphate ferrous lithium positive electrode of surfactant.
Fig. 2 is first charge-discharge curve chart before and after Graphene modified phosphate ferrous lithium.
Embodiment
Surfactant is assisted Graphene three-dimensional network modified phosphate ferrous lithium positive electrode, for Graphene modified phosphate ferrous lithium material, Graphene is coated on the surface of ferrousphosphate lithium material with the form of three-dimensional network, wherein, the weight ratio of Graphene and LiFePO 4 is 1: 100～1: 6.Graphene three dimensional network envelope and manganese metal ion doping modified synergic ferrous lithium phosphate cathode active material have not only improved the conductivity of granule interior, also strengthened intergranular conductivity simultaneously, greatly reduce polarization of electrode effect, realized increasing substantially of performance under lithium ion battery high magnification.Graphene three-dimensional net structure has limited the volumetric expansion of LiFePO 4 in charge and discharge process simultaneously.
The preparation method of the auxiliary Graphene three-dimensional network modified phosphate ferrous lithium positive electrode of surfactant comprises the following steps:
1) be dispersed in the dispersion liquid as whole reaction system in deionized water or organic solvent using ultrasonic graphene oxide, wherein the concentration of graphene oxide is 0.01mg/mL～10mg/mL, or further to obtain concentration through chemical reduction method reduction be 0.01mg/mL～10mg/mL graphene dispersing solution.
2) under surfactant auxiliary, LiFePO 4 is dispersed in deionized water or organic solvent, the organic solvent adopting is selected from methyl alcohol, ethanol, propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, acetone or N, one or more in dinethylformamide, or the mixed solution of above-mentioned any one or a few material and water, in addition, adopt surfactant to carry out aid dispersion, this is an outstanding innovative point place of the present invention, surfactant is anion surfactant, cationic surfactant, zwitterionic surfactant or non-ionic surface active agent, can be for example: odium stearate, neopelex, polyacrylamide, OTAC, lecithin, glycerin monostearate, fatty glyceride or polysorbate, the content of surfactant is 0.01～2.5wt% of LiFePO 4.By adding surfactant, LiFePO 4 particle is realized to individual particle to be disperseed, thereby avoid graphene oxide or the Graphene parcel to LiFePO 4 aggregate, can realize each particle surface and obtain reasonable parcel, utilize to greatest extent the effect of the conductive network of Graphene.
3) by step 1) and step 2) product that obtains mixes, after mixing, the solid content of LiFePO 4 is 10g/L～500g/L, the weight ratio of graphene oxide or Graphene and LiFePO 4 is 1: 100～1: 6, and after filtering, being dried, the annealed surfactant that obtains is assisted Graphene three-dimensional network modified phosphate ferrous lithium positive electrode again.Mixing in this step refers to by grinding, stirring or the method such as ultrasonic and mixes, and incorporation time is 0.1～3h; Filtration refers to and uses suction filtration, press filtration or centrifugal solid-liquid separated; Baking temperature is 40～120 DEG C, and be 0.5～20h drying time; Annealing refers at protective gas; the gas of the reproducibility that in general adopted is as under one or more the effect in nitrogen, argon gas or hydrogen; control annealing temperature be 300～1000 DEG C to material thermal reduction 1～24h, naturally cool to subsequently room temperature and obtain product.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiments of the invention are elaborated: the present embodiment is implemented under taking technical solution of the present invention as prerequisite, provided detailed execution mode and concrete operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
Embodiment 1
Weigh the LiFePO 4 20g that liquid phase method obtains, the 0.2g such as polysorbate, are dispersed in the deionized water of 100mL, stir ultrasonic 30 minutes 10 minutes.Take 0.2g graphene oxide and be dispersed in 100mLN, in dinethylformamide, stir 5 minutes, ultrasonic dispersion 30 minutes, and then stir 5 minutes, more ultrasonic dispersion 30 minutes.LiFePO 4 suspension is mixed with graphene oxide suspension, stir ultrasonic dispersion 30 minutes 10 minutes.Then pass through centrifugal, washing, 40 DEG C of vacuumize 5h obtain graphene oxide/LiFePO 4 mixture, 15h that this mixture is annealed under 500 DEG C of 95% helium and 5% hydrogen gas mixture atmosphere obtains the composite material of Graphene three dimensional network envelope LiFePO 4, its SEM photo as shown in Figure 1, as can be seen from Figure 1, Graphene forms a three-dimensional network-like structure at particle surface.Fig. 2 is LiFePO 4 and the first charge-discharge curve chart through graphene oxide modified phosphate ferrous lithium.From this figure, after modification, the polarization phenomena in charge and discharge process obviously reduce, and illustrate that Graphene has formed good conductive network structure between LiFePO 4 particle.
Embodiment 2
Weigh the LiFePO 4 10g that liquid phase method obtains, OTAC 0.2g, is dispersed in the deionized water of 100mL, stirs ultrasonic 30 minutes 10 minutes.Take 0.5g graphene oxide and be dispersed in 100mL acetone, stir 5 minutes, ultrasonic dispersion 30 minutes, and then stir 5 minutes, more ultrasonic dispersion 30 minutes.LiFePO 4 suspension is mixed with graphene oxide suspension, stir ultrasonic dispersion 30 minutes 10 minutes.Then through 250 DEG C of dry graphene oxide/LiFePO 4 mixtures that obtain of spraying, 15h that this mixture is annealed under 500 DEG C of 95% argon gas and 5% hydrogen gas mixture atmosphere obtains the composite material of Graphene three dimensional network envelope LiFePO 4.
Embodiment 3
Weigh the LiFePO 4 10g that liquid phase method obtains, OTAC 0.1g, is dispersed in the deionized water of 100mL, stirs ultrasonic 30 minutes 10 minutes.Take 0.5g graphene oxide and be dispersed in 100mL isopropyl alcohol, stir 5 minutes, ultrasonic dispersion 30 minutes, and then stir 5 minutes, more ultrasonic dispersion 30 minutes.LiFePO 4 suspension is mixed with graphene oxide suspension, stir ultrasonic dispersion 30 minutes 10 minutes.Then pass through centrifugal, washing, 40 DEG C of vacuumize 5h obtain graphene oxide/LiFePO 4 mixture, and 15h that this mixture is annealed under 500 DEG C of 95% helium and 5% hydrogen gas mixture atmosphere obtains the composite material of Graphene three dimensional network envelope LiFePO 4.
Embodiment 4
Weigh the LiFePO 4 20g that solid phase method obtains, OTAC 0.2g, is dispersed in the deionized water of 100mL, stirs ultrasonic 30 minutes 10 minutes.Take 1g graphene oxide and be dispersed in 100mL isopropyl alcohol, stir 5 minutes, ultrasonic dispersion 30 minutes, and then stir 5 minutes, more ultrasonic dispersion 30 minutes.LiFePO 4 suspension is mixed with graphene oxide suspension, stir ultrasonic dispersion 30 minutes 10 minutes.Then pass through centrifugal, washing, 40 DEG C of vacuumize 5h obtain graphene oxide/LiFePO 4 mixture, and 15h that this mixture is annealed under 500 DEG C of 95% helium and 5% hydrogen gas mixture atmosphere obtains the composite material of Graphene three dimensional network envelope LiFePO 4.
Embodiment 5
Weigh the LiFePO 4 10g that solid phase method obtains, glycerin monostearate 0.2g, is dispersed in the deionized water of 100mL, stirs ultrasonic 30 minutes 10 minutes.Take 0.5g graphene oxide and be dispersed in 100mL ethanol, stir 5 minutes, ultrasonic dispersion 30 minutes, and then stir 5 minutes, more ultrasonic dispersion 30 minutes.LiFePO 4 suspension is mixed with graphene oxide suspension, stir 10 minutes, ultrasonic dispersion 30 minutes, then stir 10 minutes, more ultrasonic dispersion 30 minutes.Then pass through centrifugal, washing, 40 DEG C of vacuumize 5h obtain graphene oxide/LiFePO 4 mixture, and 10h that this mixture is annealed under 600 DEG C of 95% helium and 5% hydrogen gas mixture atmosphere obtains the composite material of Graphene three dimensional network envelope LiFePO 4.
Embodiment 6
Weigh the LiFePO 4 10g that solid phase method obtains, neopelex 0.1g, is dispersed in the deionized water of 100mL, stirs ultrasonic 30 minutes 10 minutes.Take 0.3g graphene oxide and be dispersed in 100mL deionized water, stir 5 minutes, ultrasonic dispersion 30 minutes, and then stir 5 minutes, more ultrasonic dispersion 30 minutes.LiFePO 4 suspension is mixed with graphene oxide suspension, stir 10 minutes, ultrasonic dispersion 30 minutes, then stir 10 minutes, more ultrasonic dispersion 30 minutes.Then pass through centrifugal, washing, 60 DEG C of vacuumize 5h obtain graphene oxide/LiFePO 4 mixture, and 15h that this mixture is annealed under 550 DEG C of 95% argon gas and 5% hydrogen gas mixture atmosphere obtains the composite material of Graphene three dimensional network envelope LiFePO 4.
Embodiment 7
Weigh the LiFePO 4 10g that solid phase method obtains, polyacrylamide 0.2g, is dispersed in the deionized water of 100mL, stirs ultrasonic 30 minutes 10 minutes.Take 0.2g graphene oxide and be dispersed in 100mL deionized water, stir 5 minutes, ultrasonic dispersion 30 minutes, and then stir 5 minutes, more ultrasonic dispersion 30 minutes.LiFePO 4 suspension is mixed with graphene oxide suspension, stir 10 minutes, ultrasonic dispersion 30 minutes, then stir 10 minutes, more ultrasonic dispersion 30 minutes.Then pass through centrifugal, washing, 60 DEG C of vacuumize 5h obtain graphene oxide/LiFePO 4 mixture, and 10h that this mixture is annealed under 650 DEG C of 95% argon gas and 5% hydrogen gas mixture atmosphere obtains the composite material of Graphene three dimensional network envelope LiFePO 4.
This technical process is simple, is easy to and existing positive electrode production line contact, and the product of acquisition is applied in lithium ion battery and shows fabulous high rate performance and cycle performance as positive electrode active material, has potential industrial application value.
Claims (10)
1. the auxiliary Graphene three-dimensional network modified phosphate ferrous lithium positive electrode of surfactant, is characterized in that, this positive electrode is Graphene modified phosphate ferrous lithium material, and Graphene is coated on the surface of ferrousphosphate lithium material with the form of three-dimensional network.
2. the auxiliary Graphene three-dimensional network modified phosphate ferrous lithium positive electrode of surfactant according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described Graphene and the weight ratio of LiFePO 4 are 1: 100～1: 6.
3. the preparation method of the auxiliary Graphene three-dimensional network modified phosphate ferrous lithium positive electrode of surfactant as described in any one in claim 1-2, is characterized in that, the method comprises the following steps:
1) be dispersed in the dispersion liquid as whole reaction system in deionized water or organic solvent using ultrasonic graphene oxide, or further obtain graphene dispersing solution through chemical reduction method reduction;
2) under surfactant auxiliary, LiFePO 4 is dispersed in deionized water or organic solvent;
3) by step 1) and step 2) product that obtains mixes, filter, dry after the annealed auxiliary Graphene three-dimensional network modified phosphate ferrous lithium positive electrode of surfactant that obtains again.
4. surfactant is assisted the preparation method of Graphene three-dimensional network modified phosphate ferrous lithium positive electrode according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described organic solvent is selected from methyl alcohol, ethanol, propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, acetone or N, one or more in dinethylformamide, or the mixed solution of above-mentioned any one or a few material and water.
5. surfactant is assisted the preparation method of Graphene three-dimensional network modified phosphate ferrous lithium positive electrode according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, step 1) described in dispersion liquid in, the concentration of graphene oxide or Graphene is 0.01mg/mL～10mg/mL.
6. surfactant is assisted the preparation method of Graphene three-dimensional network modified phosphate ferrous lithium positive electrode according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, step 2) described in surfactant be anion surfactant, cationic surfactant, zwitterionic surfactant or non-ionic surface active agent, 0.01～2.5wt% that the content of surfactant is LiFePO 4.
7. according to the preparation method of the auxiliary Graphene three-dimensional network modified phosphate ferrous lithium positive electrode of surfactant described in claim 3 or 6, it is characterized in that, described surfactant comprises odium stearate, neopelex, polyacrylamide, OTAC, lecithin, glycerin monostearate, fatty glyceride or polysorbate.
8. surfactant is assisted the preparation method of Graphene three-dimensional network modified phosphate ferrous lithium positive electrode according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, step 3) after middle mixing, the solid content of LiFePO 4 is 10g/L～500g/L, the weight ratio of graphene oxide or Graphene and LiFePO 4 is 1: 100～1: 6.
9. surfactant is assisted the preparation method of Graphene three-dimensional network modified phosphate ferrous lithium positive electrode according to claim 3, it is characterized in that step 3) in
Described mixing refers to by grinding, stirring or the method such as ultrasonic and mixes, and incorporation time is 0.1～3h;
Described filtration refers to and uses suction filtration, press filtration or centrifugal solid-liquid separated;
Baking temperature is 40～120 DEG C, and be 0.5～20h drying time;
Described annealing refers under the effect of protective gas, controls annealing temperature and be 300～1000 DEG C to material thermal reduction 1～24h, naturally cools to subsequently room temperature and obtains product.
10. surfactant is assisted the preparation method of Graphene three-dimensional network modified phosphate ferrous lithium positive electrode according to claim 9, it is characterized in that, described protective gas is selected from one or more in nitrogen, argon gas or hydrogen.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104966826A (en) * | 2015-07-09 | 2015-10-07 | 天津工业大学 | Preparation method for graphene-coated inorganic nanoparticle cathode material of ion battery |
| CN106531990A (en) * | 2016-11-07 | 2017-03-22 | 北京圣盟科技有限公司 | Preparation method for graphene composite electrode material for lithium ion battery |
| CN106711445A (en) * | 2015-07-23 | 2017-05-24 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Composite positive electrode material of lithium ion storage battery and preparation method thereof |
| CN109004192A (en) * | 2018-07-16 | 2018-12-14 | 郑州大学 | Combination electrode, the battery and preparation method thereof of graphene/graphene oxide cladding |
| CN111509202A (en) * | 2020-04-16 | 2020-08-07 | 江西巴特威新能源科技有限公司 | Composite cathode material and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN101888973A (en) * | 2007-12-06 | 2010-11-17 | 南方化学股份公司 | Nanoparticulate composition and method for the production thereof |
| CN101752561A (en) * | 2009-12-11 | 2010-06-23 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | Graphite alkene iron lithium phosphate positive active material, preparing method thereof, and lithium ion twice battery based on the graphite alkene modified iron lithium phosphate positive active material |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104966826A (en) * | 2015-07-09 | 2015-10-07 | 天津工业大学 | Preparation method for graphene-coated inorganic nanoparticle cathode material of ion battery |
| CN106711445A (en) * | 2015-07-23 | 2017-05-24 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Composite positive electrode material of lithium ion storage battery and preparation method thereof |
| CN106531990A (en) * | 2016-11-07 | 2017-03-22 | 北京圣盟科技有限公司 | Preparation method for graphene composite electrode material for lithium ion battery |
| CN109004192A (en) * | 2018-07-16 | 2018-12-14 | 郑州大学 | Combination electrode, the battery and preparation method thereof of graphene/graphene oxide cladding |
| CN109004192B (en) * | 2018-07-16 | 2021-06-04 | 郑州大学 | Graphene/graphene oxide coated composite electrode, battery and preparation method of composite electrode |
| CN111509202A (en) * | 2020-04-16 | 2020-08-07 | 江西巴特威新能源科技有限公司 | Composite cathode material and preparation method and application thereof |
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